EMT Chapter 31 Quiz

Which of the following statements regarding a breech presentation is MOST correct? Choose one answer. A. A breech presentation occurs when the buttocks are the presenting part. B. There is minimal risk of trauma to the infant with a breech presentation. C. It is impossible to deliver a breech presentation in the prehospital setting. D. Breech deliveries occur rapidly, so the EMT should deliver at the scene.

A breech presentation occurs when the buttocks are the presenting part.

During your visual inspection of a 19-year-old woman in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do? Choose one answer. A. Apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers. B. Tell the mother not to push and transport her immediately. C. Place your fingers in the vagina to assess for a nuchal cord. D. Maintain firm pressure to the head until it completely delivers.

Apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers.

You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should: Choose one answer. A. keep him warm and provide ventilatory assistance. B. begin chest compressions and reassess in 30 seconds. C. clamp and cut the umbilical cord and keep him warm. D. assess his skin color and give free-flow oxygen as needed.

keep him warm and provide ventilatory assistance.

Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes: Choose one answer. A. placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated. B. gently pulling on the infant's leg in an attempt to facilitate delivery. C. placing the mother in a recumbent position and rapidly transporting. D. carefully attempting to push the infant's leg off of the umbilical cord.

placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT: Choose one answer. A. suctioning of the upper airway. B. thorough drying with a towel. C. positive-pressure ventilations. D. some form of tactile stimulation.

positive-pressure ventilations.

Pregnant women are advised to take iron supplements, such as prenatal vitamins, because: Choose one answer. A. iron makes the blood clot faster, which protects the mother from excessive bleeding during delivery. B. the blood naturally thins during pregnancy, which predisposes the mother to severe bleeding. C. white blood cells decrease during pregnancy, which increases the mother's risk of an infection. D. pregnancy causes a decreased number of red blood cells, which predisposes the mother to anemia.

pregnancy causes a decreased number of red blood cells, which predisposes the mother to anemia.

A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because: Choose one answer. A. pregnant patients can dramatically increase their heart rate. B. pregnancy causes vasodilation and a lower blood pressure. C. pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume. D. blood is shunted to the uterus and fetus during major trauma.

pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume.

If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should: Choose one answer. A. flick the soles of its feet. B. begin chest compressions. C. resuction the mouth only. D. provide ventilations for 30 seconds.

provide ventilations for 30 seconds.

Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note that its face is encased in the unruptured amniotic sac. You should: Choose one answer. A. give the mother 100% oxygen and transport at once. B. puncture the sac and suction the baby's mouth and nose. C. leave the amniotic sac intact until arrival at the hospital. D. note the color of the amniotic fluid before breaking the sac.

puncture the sac and suction the baby's mouth and nose.

While examining a woman in labor, you see the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. You should: Choose one answer. A. carefully push the cord back into the vagina. B. push the infant's head away from the cord. C. cover the umbilical cord with a dry dressing. D. gently pull on the cord to facilitate delivery.

push the infant's head away from the cord.

Eclampsia is MOST accurately defined as: Choose one answer. A. high levels of protein in the patient's urine. B. hypertension in the 20th week of pregnancy. C. seizures that result from severe hypertension. D. a blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg.

seizures that result from severe hypertension.

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the: Choose one answer. A. end of one to the start of the next. B. start of one to the end of the next. C. end of one to the end of the next. D. start of one to the start of the next.

start of one to the start of the next.

The presence of thick meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates: Choose one answer. A. an expected finding in full-term infants. B. that the baby's airway may be obstructed. C. that the fetus is at least 4 weeks premature. D. that full newborn resuscitation will be needed.

that the baby's airway may be obstructed.

During delivery, it is MOST important to position your partner at the mother's head because: Choose one answer. A. the mother may become nauseated and vomit. B. the mother needs to be apprised of the situation. C. she may need emotional support during the delivery. D. mothers often need assisted ventilation during delivery.

the mother may become nauseated and vomit.

Abruptio placenta occurs when: Choose one answer. A. the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall. B. a tear in the placenta causes severe internal hemorrhage. C. the placenta affixes itself to the outer layer of the uterus. D. the placenta develops over and covers the cervical opening.

the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall.

Vigorous suctioning of a newborn's airway is indicated if: Choose one answer. A. there is meconium in the amniotic fluid. B. positive-pressure ventilations are indicated. C. the newborn presents with labored breathing. D. his or her heart rate is less than 60 beats/min.

there is meconium in the amniotic fluid.

General treatment guidelines when caring for a woman with traumatic vaginal bleeding include: Choose one answer. A. carefully removing impaled objects. B. transporting to an appropriate facility. C. packing the vagina with sterile dressings. D. cleaning external wounds with sterile water.

transporting to an appropriate facility.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Apgar score? Choose one answer. A. pulse B. activity C. grimace D. body size

Body size

Which of the following statements regarding gestational diabetes is correct? Choose one answer. A. Gestational diabetes results in permanent diabetes mellitus after delivery. B. The onset of gestational diabetes typically manifests with hypoglycemia. C. In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections. D. Diet and exercise are typically ineffective in controlling gestational diabetes.

In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections.

The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are: Choose one answer. A. breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord. B. limb presentation and severe vaginal hemorrhage. C. vertex presentation and delivery of the placenta. D. nuchal cord and presentation of an arm or leg.

breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord.

Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which: Choose one answer. A. an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid damages the spinal cord. B. nerve fibers that arise from the spinal cord do not function properly. C. the spinal column is severely deformed, resulting in permanent paralysis. D. a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae.

a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae.

Upon delivery of an infant's head, you note that the umbilical cord is wrapped around its neck. You should: Choose one answer. A. immediately clamp and cut the umbilical cord. B. give 100% oxygen to the mother and transport at once. C. provide free-flow oxygen to the infant and transport. D. attempt to slip the cord gently over the infant's head.

attempt to slip the cord gently over the infant's head.

Placenta previa is MOST accurately defined as: Choose one answer. A. delivery of a portion of the placenta before the baby. B. premature placental separation from the uterine wall. C. abnormal development and functioning of the placenta. D. development of the placenta over the cervical opening.

development of the placenta over the cervical opening.

If a pregnant patient requires spinal immobilization, you should secure her to the backboard and then: Choose one answer. A. tilt the board 30° to the right to prevent hypotension. B. elevate the right side of the board with rolled towels or blankets. C. raise the foot of the board 12″ in order to maintain blood pressure. D. elevate the head of the board 6″ to prevent breathing impairment.

elevate the right side of the board with rolled towels or blankets.

Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should: Choose one answer. A. elevate her legs 6″ to 8″ and cover her with a blanket. B. firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion. C. carefully insert a sterile trauma dressing into her vagina. D. place her legs together and position her on her left side.

firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion.