EMT Chapter 6: The Human Body

Which of the following statements regarding antigens is NOT true? a. Antigens are foreign proteins. b. Antigens are marked for phagocytosis by an antibody. c. Antigens stimulate the immune response. d. Antigens hide a pathogen from lymphocytes.

d. Antigens hide a pathogen from lymphocytes.

Which of the following statements regarding the thymus gland is NOT true? a. The thymus is located in the mediastinum of the chest. b. The thymus secretes thymosin c. The thymus is important for the proper development of the immune system. d. The thymus increases in size throughout life.

d. The thymus increases in size throughout life.

Which blood type is called the Universal Recipient? a. Type A b. Type B c. Type O d. Type AB

d. Type AB

Which term means pertaining to blood? a. sanguinous b. hematic c. hematologic d. both a and b

d. both a and b

Which term means blood destruction? a. hemolytic b. hematolytic c. hemolysis d. both a and c

d. both a and c

Which term means too few red (cells)? a. leukocytosis b. erythrocytosis c. hematocytosis d. erythropenia

d. erythropenia

Which lymph glands are found in the groin region? a. axillary b. mediastinal c. cervical d. inguinal

d. inguinal

Which type of anemia is caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency? a. aplastic anemia b. hemolytic anemia c. hypochromic anemia d. pernicious anemia

d. pernicious anemia

Which is NOT one of the formed elements of the blood? a. red cells b. platelets c. white cells d. plasma

d. plasma

Which of the following blood tests measures how long it takes for a clot to form? a. erythrocyte sedimentation rate b. culture and sensitivity c. hematocrit d. pro-time

d. pro-time

Which of the following medications dissolves an existing clot? a. hematinic b. anticoagulant c. antiplatelet d. thombolytic agent

d. thombolytic agent

Which term means clotting cell? a. erythrocyte b. leukocyte c. granulocyte d. thrombocyte

d. thrombocyte

Which is the severe itching associated with hives? a. anaphylactic b. dyscrasia c. lymphedema d. urticaria

d. urticaria

The mixture of plasma and blood cells is called: a. packed blood b. serum c. transfusion d. whole blood

d. whole blood

The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the: Select one: A. tunica media. B. lumen. C. tunica intima. D. tunica adventitia.

A. tunica media.

In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause: A. vascular constriction and tachycardia. B. vascular dilation and bradycardia. C. vascular dilation and tachycardia. D. vascular constriction and bradycardia.

A. vascular constriction and tachycardia.

What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min? A. 5,600 mL B. 6,000 mL C. 7,200 mL D. 8,000 mL

A. 5,600 mL

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed face down on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. What part of his spinal column do you want to keep immobilized, so as not to move any of its seven vertebrae? A. Cervical B. Thoracic C. Sacrum D. Coccyx

A. Cervical

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes? Select one: A. Five B. Four C. Three D. Six

A. Five

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed face down on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. If the patient were to develop pain in his upper-right quadrant, what organ may be causing the pain? A. Liver B. Stomach C. Spleen D. Appendix

A. Liver

Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct? Select one: A. The medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm. B. The medulla is a portion of the cerebrum and primarily responds to an increase in the pH of cerebrospinal fluid. C. The medulla reduces the rate and depth of breathing if it detects an increase in carbon dioxide levels. D. The medulla's primary role is to increase the body's level of oxygen, not to decrease its level of carbon dioxide.

A. The medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm.

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to which section of the spinal column? Select one: A. Thoracic B. Sacral C. Lumbar D. Coccyx

A. Thoracic

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of: A. beta-1 receptors. B. beta-2 receptors. C. alpha-1 receptors. D. alpha-2 receptors.

A. beta-1 receptors.

The largest part of the brain is the: A. cerebrum. B. brain stem. C. cerebellum. D. foramen magnum.

A. cerebrum.

The descending aorta branches into the: Select one: A. common iliac arteries. B. deep femoral arteries. C. internal carotid arteries. D. external carotid arteries.

A. common iliac arteries.

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in: Select one: A. constriction of the blood vessels. B. increased heart rate. C. increased cardiac contractility. D. dilation of the blood vessels.

A. constriction of the blood vessels.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called: Select one: A. diffusion. B. osmosis. C. ventilation. D. breathing.

A. diffusion.

A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a: A. distal humerus fracture. B. proximal elbow fracture. C. distal forearm fracture. D. proximal humerus fracture.

A. distal humerus fracture.

Which of the following are central pulses? A. femoral and carotid B. brachial and radial C. temporal and pedal D. popliteal and ulnar

A. femoral and carotid

The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the: A. hypoxic drive. B. pneumotaxic drive. C. hypocarbic drive. D. oxyhemoglobin drive.

A. hypoxic drive.

The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the: Select one: A. ilium, ischium, and pubis. B. ilium, pubis, and sacrum. C. sacrum and ischium. D. pubis and acetabulum.

A. ilium, ischium, and pubis.

What is the function of platelets? A. initial formation of a blood clot B. transport of oxygen and nutrients C. defense against invading organisms D. transport of cellular waste materials

A. initial formation of a blood clot

If an average-sized patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if his or her respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: A. minute volume is decreased. B. inspiratory reserve is increased. C. overall tidal volume is increased. D. expiratory reserve volume is decreased.

A. minute volume is decreased.

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium. Select one: A. orbit B. sphenoid C. occiput D. mastoid

A. orbit

The left atrium of the heart receives ___________ blood from the ___________. A. oxygenated; lungs B. deoxygenated; body C. oxygenated; body D. deoxygenated; lungs

A. oxygenated; lungs

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the: A. pulmonary veins. B. pulmonary arteries. C. inferior venae cavae. D. superior venae cavae.

A. pulmonary veins.

The primary function of the right atrium is to: A. receive blood from the vena cava. B. pump blood to the pulmonary artery. C. receive blood from the pulmonary veins. D. pump blood to the lungs for reoxygenation.

A. receive blood from the vena cava.

The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis. Select one: A. sacrum B. thoracic C. coccyx D. lumbar

A. sacrum

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the: A. sinoatrial node. B. bundle of His. C. Purkinje fibers. D. atrioventricular node.

A. sinoatrial node.

The normal resting adult heart rate is: A. 50 to 70 beats/min. B. 60 to 100 beats/min. C. 80 to 110 beats/min. D. 110 to 120 beats/min.

B. 60 to 100 beats/min.

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing chemicals that regulate body activities? A. Nervous B. Endocrine C. Cardiovascular D. Skeletal

B. Endocrine

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system? A. Fluid control B. Hormone regulation C. pH balancing D. Waste filtration

B. Hormone regulation

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed face down on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. To keep his spinal column straight, in what position would you place him on the cot? A. Prone B. Supine C. Fowler's position D. Trendelenburg's position

B. Supine

Negative-pressure breathing involves: A. relaxing the respiratory muscles. B. a drop in pressure within the chest cavity. C. increasing airway resistance during breathing. D. pushing or forcing air into the lungs.

B. a drop in pressure within the chest cavity.

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the: A. capillaries. B. alveoli. C. pleura. D. bronchi.

B. alveoli.

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they: A. are protected by the anterior rib cage. B. are located behind the abdominal cavity. C. sit in front of the liver, spleen, and stomach. D. lie just anterior to the costovertebral angle.

B. are located behind the abdominal cavity.

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called: Select one: A. stroke volume. B. diastole. C. cardiac output. D. systole.

B. diastole.

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the: A. uvula. B. epiglottis. C. laryngopharynx. D. cricothyroid membrane.

B. epiglottis.

A person with bilateral femur fractures has: A. fractured one of his or her femurs. B. fractured both of his or her femurs. C. one femur fractured in two places. D. fractured the lateral aspect of the femur.

B. fractured both of his or her femurs.

The most superior section of the sternum is called the: Select one: A. xiphoid process. B. manubrium. C. angle of Louis. D. costal arch.

B. manubrium.

The distal aspect of the tibia forms the: Select one: A. lateral malleolus. B. medial malleolus. C. lateral condyle. D. Achilles tendon.

B. medial malleolus.

Insulin is produced in the: A. liver. B. pancreas. C. thyroid gland. D. adrenal glands.

B. pancreas.

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called: A. respiration. B. perfusion. C. metabolism. D. cardiac output.

B. perfusion.

Worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the: A. liver. B. spleen. C. kidney. D. pancreas.

B. spleen.

During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume. A. 40 to 50 mL B. 100 to 120 mL C. 70 to 80 mL D. 90 to 100 mL

C. 70 to 80 mL

Which of the following statements regarding nervous system control of the cardiovascular system is correct? Select one: A. Alpha-adrenergic receptors are located exclusively in the heart and are stimulated by epinephrine. B. When stimulated, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for increasing the heart rate. C. Baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure. D. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together to perform the same function.

C. Baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure.

___________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures. A. Osmotic B. Diffusion C. Hydrostatic D. Oncotic

C. Hydrostatic

Which of the following are found in the retroperitoneal space? A. Liver B. Spleen C. Kidneys D. Stomach

C. Kidneys

___________ connect(s) muscles to bones. A. Ligaments B. Cartilage C. Tendons D. Joints

C. Tendons

Which of the following statements about red blood cells is FALSE? A. They contain iron. B. They carry oxygen. C. They help to fight infection. D. They give color to the blood.

C. They help to fight infection.

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the: Select one: A. ischium. B. ilium. C. acetabulum. D. femoral condyle.

C. acetabulum.

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, EXCEPT: A. digestion. B. breathing. C. breath holding. D. vessel dilation.

C. breath holding.

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n): A. increase in oxygen, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. B. decrease in carbon dioxide, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. C. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. D. decrease in oxygen, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

C. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during: Select one: A. ventilation. B. respiration. C. inhalation. D. exhalation.

C. inhalation.

The diaphragm is unique because it: Select one: A. does not have striations like skeletal muscle. B. does not receive impulses from the brain. C. is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle. D. is the exclusive muscle of breathing.

C. is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle.

Topographically, the term distal means: A. near the trunk. B. associated with a point of reference. C. near the free end of extremity. D. toward the center of the body.

C. near the free end of extremity.

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position? A. dorsal B. supine C. prone D. recumbent

C. prone

The MOST prominent landmark on the anterior surface of the neck is the: A. mastoid process. B. cricoid cartilage. C. thyroid cartilage. D. cricothyroid membrane.

C. thyroid cartilage.

Kory, a 16-year-old boy, attempted to jump down a flight of stairs on his skateboard but landed face down on his chest and stomach, where he stayed until found. He was not wearing a helmet, and he hit the pavement with his head. Two bones were protruding from his right ankle. His open wound would be known as a(n): A. ulna/radial fracture. B. acromion/humerus fracture. C. tibia/fibula fracture. D. patella/fibula fracture

C. tibia/fibula fracture.

The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the: Select one: A. sternal notch. B. jugular notch. C. xiphoid process. D. angle of Louis.

C. xiphoid process.

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct? Select one: A. Agonal respirations are characterized by fast, irregular breaths. B. Agonal respirations typically occur before the heart stops. C. Agonal respirations result in excessive tidal volume. D. Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted.

D. Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted.

Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body? Select one: A. Thyroid B. Parathyroid C. Adrenal D. Pituitary

D. Pituitary

Which of the following vessels does NOT carry blood to the heart? A. Inferior vena cava B. Superior vena cava C. Pulmonary vein D. Pulmonary artery

D. Pulmonary artery

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children? Select one: A. Unequal breath sounds B. Unequal chest expansion C. Irregular breathing pattern D. Seesaw respirations

D. Seesaw respirations

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system? Select one: A. Cranial B. Motor C. Vertebral D. Sensory

D. Sensory

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in: A. tachycardia. B. a strong pulse. C. vasoconstriction. D. a slow heart rate.

D. a slow heart rate.

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include: A. acetylcholine and insulin. B. glucagon and noradrenaline. C. norepinephrine and acetylcholine. D. epinephrine and norepinephrine.

D. epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Your ability to remain awake is a function of the: Select one: A. limbic system. B. pons and medulla. C. cerebellum. D. reticular activating system.

D. reticular activating system.

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by: A. blood pressure. B. stroke volume only. C. heart rate only. D. stroke volume and heart rate.

D. stroke volume and heart rate.

Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because: A. high levels of oxygen remain in the cells and can cause significant damage. B. available blood is shunted off to another venule while still carrying oxygen. C. carbon dioxide and other waste can enter the cells, but oxygen cannot. D. waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells.

D. waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells.

Which of the following conditions is cancerous? a. Hodgkin's disease b. lymphadenitis c. AIDS—related complex d. sarcoidosis

a. Hodgkin's disease

Which of the following statements regarding the different types of leukocytes is NOT true? a. Monocytes release histamine b. Eosinophils destroy parasites c. Neutrophils are phagocytic d. Lymphocytes protect through immunity activity

a. Monocytes release histamine

Which of the following statements regarding natural immunity is NOT true? a. Natural immunity includes receiving antibodies from the mother through the placenta. b. It does not require prior exposure to the pathogen. c. A good example of natural immunity is the macrophage. d. Natural immunity mechanisms are not specific to any particular pathogen.

a. Natural immunity includes receiving antibodies from the mother through the placenta.

Which of the following statements regarding the tonsils is NOT true? a. The palatine tonsils are located in the nasal cavity. b. The tonsils are composed of lymphatic tissue. c. The tonsils remove pathogens for the digestive and respiratory systems. d. Sometimes the tonsils have to be removed if they become chronically infected.

a. The palatine tonsils are located in the nasal cavity.

Which of the following statements is the most important standard precaution? a. Wash your hands. b. Wear Gloves. c. Wear a nonpermeable gown or apron. d. Wear a mask and protective eyewear.

a. Wash your hands.

Which of the following is NOT an example of acquired immunity? a. antibodies crossing the placenta from the baby to the mother b. antibodies formed during direct exposure to a pathogen c. immunizations d. an antitoxin injection

a. antibodies crossing the placenta from the baby to the mother

Which anemia results from the loss of functioning bone marrow? a. aplastic anemia b. hemolytic anemia c. hypochromic anemia d. sickle cell anemia

a. aplastic anemia

Which of the following terms means to convert a liquid to a gel or solid? a. coagulate b. clot c. hemostasis d. hematopoiesis

a. coagulate

Which of the following blood tests is an indicator of the presence of an inflammatory disease? a. erythrocyte sedimentation rate b. culture and sensitivity c. hematocrit d. pro-time

a. erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Which term means red (cell) production? a. erythropoiesis b. hematopoiesis c. leukopoiesis d. thrombopoiesis

a. erythropoiesis

Which of the following is NOT an inherited condition? a. leukemia b. sickle cell anemia c. thalassemia d. hemophilia

a. leukemia

Which of the following is NOT part of the lymphatic system? a. liver b. spleen c. lymph nodes d. lymphatic vessels

a. liver

Which of the following conditions is swelling caused by a blockage of lymph flow? a. lymphedema b. lymphangioma c. lymphadenitis d. lymphangiography

a. lymphedema

Which of the following substances is NOT transported by plasma? a. oxygen b. glucose c. calcium d. amino acids

a. oxygen

Which blood test examines the shape of red blood cells? a. red cell morphology b. red blood cell count c. hemoglobin d. complete blood count

a. red cell morphology

Which term means to cut into the Spleen? a. splenototmy b. splenectomy c. splenoplasty d. splnopexy

a. splenototmy

Which of the following statements regarding leukocytes is NOT true? a. A leukocyte has a large nucleus b. Agranulocytes have granules in their cytoplashm c. Leukocytes protect the body against pathogens d. There are five different types of leukocytes

b. Agranulocytes have granules in their cytoplashm

Which of the following abbreviations is a machine for performing blood tests? a. RBC b. SMAC c. PA d. HGB

b. SMAC

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen? a. The spleen contains a large population of macrophages. b. The spleen produces new erythrocytes. c. The spleen is not a vital organ; a person can live without a spleen. d. The spleen consists of slow moving blood sinuses.

b. The spleen produces new erythrocytes.

Which of the following statements regarding lymphatic vessels is NOT true? a. The smallest lymphatic vessels are called lymphatic capillaries. b. The thoracic duct trains the right arm and right side of the neck and chest. c. Lymphatic vessels have valves to insure forward movement of lymph. d. There are only two large lymphatic ducts, the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct.

b. The thoracic duct trains the right arm and right side of the neck and chest.

Which of the following statements regarding blood types is NOT true? a. Type A blood makes antibodies against Type B blood b. Type O blood makes antibodies against Type AB blood c. Type B blood makes antibodies against Type A blood d. Type AB blood does not make antibodies

b. Type O blood makes antibodies against Type AB blood

Which of the following is a term meaning a substance that causes an allergic reaction? a. atypical protein b. allergen c. allergy d. allergist

b. allergen

Which of the following blood tests checks for bacterial growth? a. erythrocyte sedimentation rate b. culture and sensitivity c. hematocrit d. pro-time

b. culture and sensitivity

Which term means fiber producing? a. fibrogenic b. fibrinogen c. fibrinolysis d. fibrotic

b. fibrinogen

Which term means too many white cells? a. pancytopenia b. leukocytosis c. hematocytosis d. leukocytopenia

b. leukocytosis

The watery part of blood is called: a. red cells b. plasma c. white cells d. platelets

b. plasma

Which condition results in thick blood as a result of having too many red blood cells? a. hemophilia b. polycythemia vera c. hyperlipidemia d. thalassemia

b. polycythemia vera

Which of the following is NOT part of the immune response? a. exposure to a pathogen b. production of antibodies by A lymphocytes c. phagocytosis of infectious agents d. stimulation of natural killer cells to destroy pathogens

b. production of antibodies by A lymphocytes

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disease? a. Kaposi's sarcoma b. sarcoidosis c. elephantiasis d. mononucleosis

b. sarcoidosis

Which of the following conditions is a blood infection? a. thalassemia b. septicemica c. leukemia d. hemophilia

b. septicemica

Which of the following is NOT a plasma protein? a. albumin b. sodium c. globulins d. fibrinogen

b. sodium

Red Blood cells appear red because: a. of the size of their nucleus b. they contain hemoglobin c. they contain bilirubin d. they transport oxygen

b. they contain hemoglobin

Which is NOT a function of the lymphatic and immune system? a. Transport fats absorbed by the small intestines. b. Primary defense against the invasion of pathogens. c. Assist in the blood clotting process. d. Collect excess tissue fluid and return it to the circulatory system.

c. Assist in the blood clotting process.

Which of the following statements regarding erythrocytes is NOT true? a. Hemoglobin is an iron containing molecule inside red blood cells. b. Erythrocytes live an average of 120 days c. Bilirubin from worn out red blood cells is recycled by the liver. d. Worn out erythrocytes are removed by the spleen

c. Bilirubin from worn out red blood cells is recycled by the liver.

Which of the following abbreviations is a test for HIV-AIDS? a. GVHD b. KS c. ELISA d. PCP

c. ELISA

Which of the following statements regarding lymph nodes is NOT true? a. The house lymphocytes and antibodies. b. They remove pathogens and cell debris from lymph. c. Lymph nodes are found only in a certain few areas of the body, like the neck. d. They trap and destroy cancerous cells.

c. Lymph nodes are found only in a certain few areas of the body, like the neck.

Which blood type is called the Universal Donor? a. Type A b. Type B c. Type O d. Type AB

c. Type O

Which of the following is a life threatening allergic reaction? a. elephantiasis b. sarcoidosis c. anaphylactic shock d. AIDS—related complex

c. anaphylactic shock

Which of the following is a pathogen? a. foreign material b. bacteria c. biruses d. all are pathogens

c. biruses

Which of the following blood tests is NOT part of a complete blood count? a. red cell count b. hemoglobin c. clotting time d. hematocrit

c. clotting time

Which of the following is a general term meaning a blood disease? a. hematopathy b. hematology c. dyscrasia d. hemostasis

c. dyscrasia

Which of the following blood tests measures the volume of red blood cells within the total volume of blood? a. erythrocyte sedimentation rate b. culture and sensitivity c. hematocrit d. pro-time

c. hematocrit

Which type of anemia results from the excessive loss of erythrocytes? a. pernicious anemia b. iron-deficiency anemia c. hemolytic anemia d. thalassemia

c. hemolytic anemia

Which term means lymph gland inflammation? a. lymphangiitis b. lymphadenopathy c. lymphadenitis d. lympangiogram

c. lymphadenitis

Which term means disease producing? a. pathological b. diseasopathy c. pathogenic d. pathology

c. pathogenic

Which of the following therapeutic procedures consists of removing plasma from the body and replacing it with donor plasma? a. plasma transfusion b. phlebotomy c. plasmapheresis d. plasma aspiration

c. plasmapheresis

Which of the following is not correctly matched? a. red cells—transporting substances b. leukocytes—protect the body from invasion c. plasma—tissue repair d. platelets—control bleeding

c. plasma—tissue repair

Blood cells are produced in the: a. spleen b. thymus gland c. red bone marrow d. liver

c. red bone marrow