EMT-Chapter 9&10

When suctioning the airway, suction should never be applied for longer than ________ seconds.

10

The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is ________ psi.

200

To be effective, a suction unit must be able to generate air flow of ________ liters per minute and create a vacuum of ________ mmHg.

30; 300

A nonrebreather mask at 12-15 liters per minute can deliver to the patient what percent of oxygen?

80-90

Which of the following patients does NOT require the administration of supplemental oxygen?

A 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband

Which of the following patients should NOT have their airway opened using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver?

A homeless person of undetermined age found lying unresponsive in an alley with no bystanders

In assessing a patient's breathing, what is your first question?

Are they breathing?

You have arrived at the scene of a call for a "man down." As you enter the residence you note that your patient is a male in his mid-60s who is awake but does not seem to acknowledge your presence. He is perspiring profusely, has cyanosis of his ears and lips, and has rapid, shallow respirations. Which of the following should you do first?

Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen.

Which of the following structures is found in the lower airway?

Bronchi

What is the extremely rare condition that can cause respiratory depression?

COPD has changed the stimulus to breathe to the hypoxic drive and high concentration can depress breathing.

Which of the following colors identifies an oxygen cylinder?

Green

The normal stimulus to breathe is stimulated by the chemoreceptors that measure the change of what two gases?

High carbon dioxide and low oxygen

What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient?

Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status

Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should take what action?

Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration.

Which of the following is the correct method of suctioning?

Insert the catheter or tip to the desired depth prior to applying suction.

Your 68-year-old patient is suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; this condition can cause gas exchange interruption by what process?

It limits the alveoli's capability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide because the alveoli itself is not working.

Why is inhalation described as an active process?

It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.

Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway?

Nasal flaring

Which of the following is the best device to deliver high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient?

Nonrebreather mask

Which of the following is true concerning the procedure for inserting a nasopharyngeal airway?

The bevel should be turned toward the nasal septum.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of oropharyngeal airways?

They cannot be used in a patient with a gag reflex.

Your patient, in whom you have inserted an oropharyngeal airway, is beginning to regain consciousness and develop a gag reflex. Which of the following is the proper way of managing this situation?

Turn the patient on her side and remove the airway.

Your patient is a motorcyclist who was ejected from his vehicle due to striking a guard rail. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli and is breathing six to eight times per minute. Which of the following should you do first?

Use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen.

You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress. She is agitated, anxious, and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied. Which of the following is the BEST option?

Use a nasal cannula instead.

You are ventilating a cardiac arrest patient when he begins to vomit copious amounts of large pieces of undigested food. Which of the following would be most effective in clearing the airway?

Using large bore suction tubing without a tip or catheter attached

A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes, heart rate of 124, respiration 36; he is confused about whether he has taken his asthma medication. What is the treatment for this patient?

Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD.

When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure?

When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change.

The structures within the lung that allow exchange of gases with the bloodstream are known as:

alveoli

Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD. He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath. You should:

apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.

A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, and leaning forward with his hands on his knees. His skin is pink and his pulse oximetry is 96. This patient is suffering from respiratory:

distress.

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called:

external respiration.

Your patient was attempting to slide down a railing on a skateboard. He struck a concrete step with his face and is unconscious. You note a clear viscous fluid coming from his nose. He is breathing inadequately and requires ventilation. You should:

give breaths with a pocket mask.

For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called:

hypoxia

Your patient is breathing 4 shallow breaths a minute due to overdosing on his pain medication but he has a palpable radial pulse. The patient gagged while you suctioned his airway. Now that the airway is clear, you should:

insert a nasopharyngeal airway.

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membranes from the capillaries is called:

internal respiration.

You have performed a head tilt-chin lift maneuver on a 4 year old boy and are attempting to ventilate him with a bag-valve mask. You are experiencing a lot of resistance with each breath and the chest is barely rising. Prior to attempting ventilations again, you should:

put a folded towel under his shoulders.

You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker. You should:

reduce the volume of the ventilations.

You are attempting to replace the oxygen cylinder in your truck. After removing the regulator from the old cylinder, removing the old cylinder, and placing the new cylinder in the oxygen compartment, you attempt to connect the regulator. The new cylinder has a yellow stripe around it instead of a green one but was stored with the green cylinders. You are unable to get the regulator to seat properly and it will not turn. You should:

remove the cylinder and get a green cylinder.

Your patient is breathing 4 shallow breaths per minute due to overdosing on his pain medication but he has a palpable radial pulse. He vomited prior to your arrival and is choking. You should:

roll him over onto his side to clear the airway.

The process of air moving in and out of the chest is called:

ventilation