EMT: Chapters 11-14 Review

Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct? Select one: A. The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug. B. The adult auto-injector delivers 0.5 to 1 mg of epinephrine. C. The auto-injector delivers epinephrine via the subcutaneous route. D. EMTs do not need physician authorization to use the auto-injector.

A

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should: Select one: A. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital. B. place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route. C. immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal. D. notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient.

A

A 37-year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of: Select one: A. hypertension. B. asthma. C. heart disease. D. allergic reactions.

B

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication: Select one: A. acetaminophen. B. ibuprofen. C. aspirin. D. nitrostat.

B

Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it: Select one: A. is less resistant to treatment. B. has a greater ability to produce disease. C. leads to chronic infection after exposure. D. is a more contagious type of disease.

B

In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve: Select one: A. applying a pulse oximeter probe to the finger to determine if peripheral perfusion is adequate. B. checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of the skin. C. taking a blood pressure and determining if the patient is alert and oriented or confused. D. palpating the carotid pulse to determine the approximate rate and checking capillary refill time.

B

Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves: Select one: A. bag-valve mask ventilation. B. back slaps. C. blind finger sweeps. D. abdominal thrusts.

B

Most patients with an infectious disease will have _________. Select one: A. abdominal pain B. a fever C. a low blood glucose level D. seizures

B

Most prehospital cardiac arrests occur as the result of: Select one: A. an acute ischemic stroke. B. a cardiac dysrhythmia. C. severe blunt trauma. D. obstruction of the airway.

B

Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to _________. Select one: A. confirm the patient's diagnosis B. address the patient's symptoms C. correct the patient's underlying problem D. reduce the need for transport to the hospital

B

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should: Select one: A. transport her in a sitting position. B. place her in a supine position. C. wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure. D. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

B

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR? Select one: A. 3:2 B. 30:2 C. 30:1 D. 5:1

B

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem? Select one: A. Index of suspicion B. Medical history C. Primary assessment D. Baseline vital signs

B

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. C. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion. D. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock.

B

When assessing the pulse of an unresponsive infant, you should palpate the ________ artery. Select one: A. radial B. brachial C. carotid D. femoral

B

Which of the following medications would the EMT be LEAST likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint? Select one: A. Aspirin B. Ibuprofen C. Oral glucose D. Albuterol

B

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct? Select one: A. Anaphylactic shock occurs immediately after a person is sensitized to an allergen. B. Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction. C. Anaphylactic shock is caused by immune system failure due to a toxic exposure. D. Sensitized people will experience less severe reactions upon subsequent exposure.

B

You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a: Select one: A. medical emergency. B. combination of a medical and trauma emergency. C. combination of a psychiatric and trauma emergency. D. trauma emergency.

B

You are off duty at a park when you witness an apparently healthy 12-year-old child suddenly collapse. There are no bystanders around and your mobile phone is in your car. After confirming that the child is in cardiac arrest, you should: Select one: A. deliver five rescue breaths before starting chest compressions. B. call 9-1-1 and then return to begin CPR on the child. C. perform chest compressions only until a bystander arrives. D. perform CPR for 2 minutes and then call 9-1-1.

B

You should deliver chest compressions to an unresponsive adult patient in cardiac arrest by: Select one: A. compressing quickly and releasing slowly. B. compressing the sternum between the nipples. C. placing the heel of your hand on the xiphoid. D. depressing the sternum more than 2.5 inches in depth.

B

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to: Select one: A. administer high-flow oxygen. B. check her airway for obstructions. C. ventilate her with a bag-valve mask. D. move her to the ambulance stretcher.

B

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________. Select one: A. neurogenic shock B. cardiogenic shock C. septic shock D. hypovolemic shock

B

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: Select one: A. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route. B. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack. C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. D. request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away.

C

A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the: Select one: A. transdermal route. B. inhalation route. C. intranasal route. D. sublingual route.

C

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n): Select one: A. unpredictable effect. B. therapeutic effect. C. side effect. D. untoward effect.

C

CPR retraining is the MOST effective when it: Select one: A. is self-paced and brief. B. occurs every 24 months. C. involves hands-on practice. D. is delivered by computer.

C

Complications associated with chest compressions include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. liver laceration. B. rib fractures. C. gastric distention. D. a fractured sternum.

C

Neurogenic shock occurs when: Select one: A. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container. B. the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging. C. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. D. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury.

C

Reassessment of a patient with a medical complaint should begin by: Select one: A. reviewing all treatment performed. B. taking another set of vital signs. C. repeating the primary assessment. D. reassessing the nature of illness.

C

The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to: Select one: A. wear a HEPA mask when treating any respiratory patient. B. ask all patients if they have recently traveled abroad. C. get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. D. routinely place a surgical mask on all respiratory patients.

C

The secondary assessment of a medical patient: Select one: A. should be performed at the scene, especially if the patient is critically ill. B. should routinely include a comprehensive examination from head to toe. C. is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short. D. is typically limited to a focused exam for patients who are unconscious.

C

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of: Select one: A. bacterial infection. B. reactive airway disease. C. cardiovascular disease. D. non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

C

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? Select one: A. During the primary assessment B. Prior to transport C. En route to the hospital D. Immediately after the injuries are discovered

C

Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained? Select one: A. Intramuscular B. Transcutaneous C. Intraosseous D. Subcutaneous

C

Which of the following techniques should you use to dislodge a foreign body airway obstruction in a patient who is in an advanced stage of pregnancy or who is very obese? Select one: A. Abdominal thrusts B. Back blows C. Chest thrusts D. Finger sweeps

C

Without practice, your CPR skills will __________. Select one: A. come back automatically when needed B. improve over time C. deteriorate over time D. become part of your muscle memory

C

You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: Select one: A. arrange for an ALS rendezvous. B. repeat your secondary assessment. C. reassess his condition in 5 minutes. D. take his vital signs in 15 minutes.

C

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: Select one: A. assess the rate and quality of his pulse. B. immediately evaluate his airway. C. apply direct pressure to the wound. D. administer 100% supplemental oxygen.

C

Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should: Select one: A. apply the AED pad at least 1 inch away from the medication patch to avoid skin burns. B. continue CPR until you can determine the name of the medication contained in the patch. C. remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads. D. move the patch to another area of the patient's chest and then properly apply the AED pads.

C

Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to: Select one: A. assess her oxygen saturation and blood pressure. B. perform a head-to-toe secondary assessment. C. administer oxygen with the appropriate device. D. retrieve the stretcher and prepare for transport.

C

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: Select one: A. acute myocardial infarction. B. severe septic hypoperfusion. C. a ruptured aortic aneurysm. D. cardiogenic hypoperfusion.

D

A young male is unresponsive after overdosing on an opioid. He is not breathing and his pulse is weak. The EMT should immediately: Select one: A. begin chest compressions. B. request an ALS ambulance. C. administer naloxone. D. ventilate with a BVM.

D

An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. the invasion of the human body by a bacterium that cannot be destroyed by antibiotics or other drugs. B. a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another through a number of mechanisms. C. any disease that enters the body via the bloodstream and renders the immune system nonfunctional. D. a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

D

Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the _________. Select one: A. associated symptoms B. field diagnosis C. medical history D. nature of illness

D

Basic life support (BLS) is defined as: Select one: A. invasive emergency medical interventions such as intravenous therapy, manual defibrillation, and advanced airway management. B. any form of emergency medical treatment that is performed by advanced EMTs, paramedics, physicians, and emergency nurses. C. basic lifesaving treatment that is performed by bystanders while EMS providers are en route to the scene of an emergency. D. noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest.

D

CPR should be initiated when: Select one: A. the carotid pulse is very weak. B. rigor mortis is obvious. C. signs of putrefaction are present. D. a valid living will is unavailable.

D

CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is: Select one: A. horizontal. B. on a firm surface. C. supine. D. prone.

D

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________. Select one: A. septic shock B. neurogenic shock C. psychogenic shock D. anaphylactic shock

D

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: Select one: A. whole blood. B. platelets. C. red blood cells. D. plasma.

D

If an object is visible in the unconscious patient's airway, you should __________. Select one: A. continue chest compressions B. leave it in place C. place the patient on his or her side D. remove it

D

In contrast to viral hepatitis, toxin-induced hepatitis: Select one: A. is a far more transmittable disease. B. typically does not cause yellow skin. C. can be prevented with a vaccination. D. is not a communicable disease.

D

The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is: Select one: A. hypertension. B. hyperglycemia. C. hypotension. D. hypoglycemia.

D

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called: Select one: A. suspension. B. absorption. C. digestion. D. adsorption.

D

What is the minimum number of chest compressions that should be delivered per minute to a 4-month-old infant? Select one: A. 90 B. 120 C. 110 D. 100

D

When caring for a patient who takes numerous medications, it is best to: Select one: A. let the hospital staff retrieve the patient's medical records, which should show a list of his or her current medications. B. document the medications on your patient care report, but leave them at home so they do not get misplaced. C. send the patient's medications to the hospital with a family member or other person who will safeguard them. D. take all of the patient's medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report.

D

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume. B. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause an unusually fast heart rate. C. the older patient's central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock. D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

D

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine? Select one: A. Secreted naturally by the adrenal glands B. Dilates passages in the lungs C. Constricts the blood vessels D. Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

D

Which of the following is an example of a generic drug? Select one: A. Excedrin B. Advil C. Bayer D. Aspirin

D

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error? Select one: A. The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route. B. The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient. C. The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated. D. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director.

D

Which of the following statements regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is correct? Select one: A. The communicable period for MRSA is 10 days to 2 weeks after being infected. B. Most cases of MRSA transmission occur following an accidental needlestick. C. Studies have shown that fewer than 1% of health care providers are MRSA carriers. D. MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics.

D

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to: Select one: A. provide emotional support regarding her sister. B. advise her that she needs to go to the hospital. C. obtain baseline vital signs and a medical history. D. determine if she was injured when she fainted.

D

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax? Select one: A. Decompression of the injured side of the chest B. Rapid administration of intravenous fluids C. Positive-pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask D. Early administration of high-flow oxygen

A

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if: Select one: A. authorization from medical control has been obtained. B. the patient is believed to be experiencing an acute stroke. C. transport time to the hospital is greater than 30 minutes. D. the patient is currently experiencing hypotension.

A

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. absent peripheral pulses. B. cool and clammy skin. C. restlessness or anxiety. D. rapid, shallow breathing.

A

If gastric distention begins to make positive-pressure ventilation difficult, you should: Select one: A. suction the patient's oropharynx. B. increase the rate of ventilation. C. reposition the patient's airway. D. insert an oropharyngeal airway.

A

In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner. Select one: A. peer-assisted B. patient-assisted C. EMT-administered D. paramedic-administered

A

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: Select one: A. hypothermia. B. diaphoresis. C. tachycardia. D. hypovolemia.

A

It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem. Select one: A. neurologic B. cardiac C. endocrine D. respiratory

A

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called: Select one: A. capsules. B. pills. C. caplets. D. tablets.

A

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain: Select one: A. relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries. B. increases blood return to the right atrium. C. increases myocardial contraction force. D. constricts the veins throughout the body.

A

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should: Select one: (Question is error) A. if you ventilate a patient too quickly. B. when the airway is completely obstructed. C. when you deliver minimal tidal volume. D. in patients who are intubated.

A

The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. the study of drugs and their actions on the body. B. the study of how medications affect the brain. C. the study of drugs that are produced illegally. D. the study of drug excretion from the human body.

A

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: Select one: A. the skin. B. the brain. C. the lungs. D. the heart.

A

What is the correct ratio of compressions to ventilations when performing two-rescuer child CPR? Select one: A. 15:2 B. 30:2 C. 3:1 D. 5:1

A

When performing a secondary assessment on a conscious patient with nontraumatic abdominal pain and stable vital signs, you should: Select one: A. focus on his or her chief complaint. B. examine the patient from head to toe. C. only palpate tender areas of the abdomen. D. prepare the patient for transport first.

A

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? Select one: A. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream. B. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route. C. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic. D. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream.

A

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? Select one: A. Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation B. Bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation C. Widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection D. Viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage, and vasoconstriction

A

Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of a cardiovascular problem? Select one: A. Jugular venous distention B. Palpable pain to the epigastrium C. Unequal breath sounds D. Use of the accessory muscles

A

Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? Select one: A. Substance abuse B. Schizophrenia C. Alzheimer disease D. Depression

A

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: Select one: A. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist. B. administer high-flow supplemental oxygen. C. apply pressure to the brachial artery. D. wrap the towel with pressure bandages.

A