EMT Chest Injuries

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The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at:

C3, C4, and C5.

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of a chest injury?

Clear and equal breath sounds

On inhalation, which of the following does NOT occur?

The pressure inside the chest increases.

A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:

aggressively manage his airway.

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should:

assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output

cardiac tamponade (pericardial tamponade)

An injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken, usually caused by blunt trauma

closed chest injury

A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person's heartbeat

commotio cordis

You respond to an 18-year-old man who has been assaulted with a baseball bat. He was hit in the chest. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. This condition is most likely related to:

commotio cordis.

A condition in which three or more ribs are fractured in two or more paces or in association with a fracture of the sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectivley detached from the rest of the thoracic cage

flail chest

A one-way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return; formed by taping three sides of an occlusive dressing to the chest wall, leaving the fourth side open as a valve; may also be part of a commercial vented occlusive dressing

flutter valve

The accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest

hemopneumothorax

Which of the following organs or structures does NOT reside within the mediastinum?

lungs

Bruising of the heart muscle

myocadial contusion

Which of the following is NOT a pertinent negative to note during your assessment of a patient with chest trauma?

no heart murmurs

An airtight dressing that protects a wound from air and bacteria; a commercial vented version allows air to passivley escape from the chest, while an unvented dressing may be made of petroleum jelly-based Vaseline gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic

occlusive dressing

An injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a fractured rib, or more frequently , by an external object such as a bullet or a knife

open chest injury

The ________ nerves control the diaphragm.

phrenic

A _____ results when an injury allows air to enter through a hole in the chest wall or the surface of the lung as the patient attempts to breathe, causing the lung on that side to collapse.

pneumothorax

A collection of air in the pleural cavity

pneumothorax

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:

requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.

A patient with blunt trauma who is holding the lateral side of his chest and has rapid and shallow respirations is most likely suffering from:

rib fractures

Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when:

the intercostal muscles contract.

Pleural fluid is contained between the:

visceral and parietal pleura

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together

crepitus


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