EMT Final Exam E-57
Which of the following is NOT true with regard to simplex mode? a. you must push a button to talk b. when one party transmits the other must wait to reply c. it is called a pair of frequencies d. radio transmissions can occur in either direction but not simultaneously in both
c
You have responded to a scene at which a 45-year-old man has run his SUV into a utility pole. On arrival, the driver was found slumped over the steering wheel, unconscious. A large electrical wire was lying across the hood of the vehicle. After securing scene safety, you were able to approach the patient and complete a primary assessment, in which you found a 6" (15.4-cm) laceration across his forehead. The patient regained responsiveness, was alert and oriented, and refused care. If the patient refuses to sign the refusal form: A. you cannot let the man leave the scene until he either goes with you or signs the form. B. sign it yourself and state: "Patient refused to sign." C. nothing more needs done. If the patient refuses care, you don't have to document it. D. have a credible witness sign the form testifying that he or she witnessed the patient's refusal of care
D
A 75-year-old male with a terminal illness has died at home. As you and your partner enter the residence, a family member becomes verbally abusive, pushes you, and states that you took too long to get there. You should: A. retreat and notify law enforcement personnel. B. subdue the family member until the police arrive. C. tell the family member that it is not your fault. D. ignore the family member and assess the patient.
A
A patient's refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport must be: A. an informed refusal. B. reported to the police. C. authorized by a judge. D. witnessed by a notary.
A
An important safeguard against legal implication is: A. writing a complete and accurate run report. B. responding to every call with lights and siren. C. checking ambulance equipment once a month. D. transporting every patient to an emergency department
A
Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. distrust of EMTs. B. fear of medical personnel. C. history of chronic disease. D. mental disorders.
A
Continuing education in EMS serves to: A. maintain, update, and expand the EMT's knowledge and skills. B. confirm research and statistical findings in prehospital care. C. enforce mandatory attendance at agency-specific training. D. provide an ongoing review and audit of the EMS system.
A
Depending on how the protocols are written, you may need to call medical control for direct orders to: A. administer certain treatments. B. immobilize a patient. C. request assistance from other agencies. D. transport a patient.
A
Hazards that are associated with a structural fire include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. carbon dioxide deficiency. B. risk of building collapse. C. high ambient temperatures. D. smoke and toxic gases.
A
Negligence is based on the EMT's duty to act, cause, breach of duty, and: A. real or perceived damages. B. termination of care. C. mode of transport. D. expressed consent.
A
Prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they: A. offer little or no side protection. B. do not have shatterproof lenses. C. are not secured with a strap. D. have large, rounded lenses.
A
The criteria to be licensed and employed as an EMT include: A. proof of immunization against certain communicable diseases. B. successful completion of a recognized bystander CPR course. C. a minimum of 60 college credit hours that focus on health care. D. demonstration of the ability to lift and carry at least 200 pounds
A
The major goal of quality improvement is to ensure that: A. the public receives the highest standard of care. B. the proper information is received in the billing department. C. quarterly audits of the EMS system are performed. D. EMTs have received BLS/CPR training.
A
The quickest source of energy is ____________; however, this supply will last less than a day and is consumed in greater quantities during stress. A. glucose B. carbohydrates C. protein D. fat
A
When considering his or her personal life, it is important for the EMT to realize that: A. family or friends may not understand the stress associated with EMS. B. it is more difficult to effectively relax at home than it is while on duty. C. shift work is the least stressful type of an EMS-related work schedule. D. he or she should not discuss stressful issues with family members.
A
Which of the following is generally NOT considered confidential? A. The location of the emergency B. A patient's mental condition C. Assessment findings D. A patient's medical history
A
Which of the following situations requires you to notify the appropriate authorities? A. Attempted suicide B. Cardiac arrest C. Drug overdose D. Accidental knife wound
A
Which of the following statements is MOST consistent with the bargaining phase of the grieving process? A. "I will be compliant with all my medications if I can just see my grandson graduate." B. "I understand that my death is inevitable and I am ready to die when the time comes." C. "It is because of our lousy health care system that I developed this brain tumor." D. "The doctors must be wrong in their diagnosis because I have always been healthy."
A
Which of the following statements would NOT be appropriate to say to the family of a dying patient? A. "Things will get better in time." B. "Tell me how you are feeling." C. "It is okay to be angry and sad." D. "This must be painful for you."
A
You are assessing a woman who was thrown from a horse. She is located in a large field and you can see that a thunderstorm is rapidly approaching. Suddenly, you feel your skin begin to tingle and the hair on your arms stands on end. The ambulance is located about 30 yards away. You should: A. crouch down in a position so that only your feet are touching the ground. B. sit down, bend your knees, and hold your crossed arms close to your body. C. quickly cover the patient with a blanket and then lie down flat on the ground. D. immediately lie down on your side and draw your knees into your abdomen.
A
You are caring for a 40-year-old female who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. Her husband, who was driving the vehicle, was killed. When the patient asks you if her husband is all right, you should: A. let clergy or hospital staff relay the bad news if possible. B. immediately tell her of his death so that she may grieve. C. avoid Ansing her questions and focus on her injuries. D. tell her that he is being resuscitated by other EMTs.
A
__________ is a response to the anticipation of danger. A. Anxiety B. Anger C. Despair D. Rage
A
Federal legislation concerning patient confidentiality is known as? A. HIPAA B. NAACS C. EMTALA D. FLCPC
A)
A 15-year-old boy was killed when he was struck by a car while riding his bicycle. He has numerous disfiguring injuries and has been placed in the back of the ambulance to shield him from curious bystanders. When the child's parents arrive at the scene, they demand to see him. You should: A. let them know that because of the circumstances of their child's death, they will not be permitted to see him at this time. B. advise them that their son had severely disfiguring injuries and ask them if there is anyone they would like you to contact first. C. discreetly escort them to the back of the ambulance and allow them to see their child by themselves while you wait outside. D. express your sincere condolences over their loss and have them escorted away from the scene by a law enforcement officer.
B
A critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no more than ________ hours following the incident. A. 6 B. 72 C. 12 D. 24
B
After stocking the ambulance this morning, you and your partner go out for breakfast. While entering the restaurant, you see an older gentleman clutch his chest and collapse to the floor. When you get to him, he has no pulse and is not breathing. What level of training would allow you to perform an electrocardiogram and advanced life support on this patient? A. EMR B. Paramedic C. AEMT D. EMT
B
An EMS provider who has extensive training in various aspects of advanced life support (ALS) is called a(n): A. EMR. B. paramedic. C. advanced EMT (AEMT). D. EMT.
B
At 2:00 AM, a 17-year-old boy, accompanied by his 19-year-old girlfriend, had driven to the bar to give his father (who had been drinking large amounts of alcohol) a ride home. On the way back, they were involved in a motor vehicle collision. The boy has a large laceration with profuse bleeding on his forehead. His girlfriend is unconscious in the front passenger floor. The father is standing outside the vehicle, appearing heavily intoxicated, and is refusing care. What is the best way to gain consent to begin care for the driver, considering that he is a minor and his father has an altered mental status? A. You are covered under the Good Samaritan laws. B. It is a true emergency, so consent is implied. C. Call his grandparents for consent. D. Call his mother for consent.
B
Carbon monoxide blocks the ability of the blood to oxygenate the body because it: A. causes the body to expel too much carbon dioxide. B. destroys the number of circulating red blood cells. C. binds with the hemoglobin in red blood cells. D. fills the alveoli in the lungs with thick secretions.
B
Cardiac monitoring, pharmacologic interventions, and other advanced treatment skills are functions of the: A. AEMT. B. paramedic. C. EMR. D. EMT.
B
Common questions asked by patients with a serious illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. "Will I be permanently disabled?" B. "Which hospital am I going to?" C. "What are you doing to me?" D. "Am I going to die?"
B
Definitive or conclusive signs of death that are obvious and clear to even nonmedical persons include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. rigor mortis. B. profound cyanosis. C. dependent lividity. D. putrefaction.
B
EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the: A. individual state's EMS protocols. B. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). C. National Association of EMTs. D. National Registry of EMTs
B
Good Samaritan laws generally are designed to offer protection to persons who render care in good faith. They do not offer protection from: A. providing supportive BLS to a DNR patient. B. acts of negligence. C. improvising splinting materials. D. properly performed CPR.
B
If it is not possible to adequately clean your ambulance at the hospital following a call, you should: A. wait until the end of your shift and then disinfect the entire patient compartment. B. clean the ambulance at your station in a designated area that is well ventilated. C. thoroughly wash the back of the ambulance at a local car wash or similar facility. D. quickly wipe down all high-contact surfaces with an antibacterial solution.
B
Shortly after you load your patient, a 50-year-old man with abdominal pain, into the ambulance, he tells you that he changed his mind and does not want to go to the hospital. The patient is conscious and alert and has no signs of mental incapacitation. You are suspicious that the man has a significant underlying condition and feel strongly that he should go to the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding this situation is correct? A. Because of your suspicions, the best approach is to transport him to the hospital. B. A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time. C. Any patient who refuses EMS treatment must legally sign a patient refusal form. D. Once the patient is in the ambulance, he cannot legally refuse EMS treatment
B
The MOST important consideration at the scene of a hazardous materials incident is: A. evacuating the bystanders. B. ensuring your personal safety. C. identifying the hazardous material. D. calling the hazardous materials team.
B
The __________ officially occurs during your oral report at the hospital, not as a result of your radio report en route. A. patient report B. transfer of care C. termination of services D. All of these answers are correct.
B
The hepatitis B vaccine program, a component of the infection control plan, addresses all of the following issues, EXCEPT: A. record keeping and tracking. B. family history of hepatitis. C. vaccine safety and efficacy. D. postvaccine antibody titers.
B
What should you do before attempting to access a patient trapped in a vehicle? A. Request another ambulance. B. Ensure the vehicle is stable. C. Check for other patients. D. Contact medical control.
B
When attempting to communicate with non-English-speaking patients, you should: A. shout. B. use short, simple questions and simple words whenever possible. C. always use medical terms. D. position yourself so the patient can read your lips.
B
When caring for the parents of a child who has died of leukemia, the EMT should: A. immediately refer them to a counselor. B. acknowledge the death of their child in private. C. tell them that their feelings are understood. D. refrain from using words such as "died" or "dead."
B
When you and your partner arrive at the residence of a man in cardiac arrest, you immediately recognize the patient as the drunk driver who killed your brother several years earlier. A backup ambulance is en route to the scene. You should: A. wait for the backup ambulance while your partner performs CPR. B. begin two-rescuer CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible. C. obtain permission from medical control to not attempt resuscitation. D. advise your partner that you cannot provide care to this patient.
B
Which of the following MOST accurately defines negligence? A. Transport of a mentally incompetent patient against his or her will B. Deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury C. Transferring patient care to a provider with a lower level of training D. Providing care that is consistent with care provided by other EMTs
B
Which of the following is the MOST significant factor in determining whether a person will become ill from certain germs? A. Gender B. Immunity C. Age D. Race
B
Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts abandonment? A. An AEMT transfers patient care to a paramedic. B. A paramedic transfers patient care to an EMT. C. An EMT gives a verbal report to an emergency room nurse. D. A physician assumes patient care from an EMT.
B
Which of the following statements regarding the hepatitis B vaccine is correct? A. Vaccination against hepatitis B provides partial immunity for life. B. OSHA requires that your employer offer you the vaccine free of charge. C. Vaccination with the hepatitis B vaccine confers immunity against hepatitis A. D. The hepatitis B vaccine provides protection against the disease for 2 years
B
While trying to make a family member feel better after a loved one has died, your partner states, "I know how you are feeling." The family members may view this as: A. coaching them through the grieving process. B. your partner's attempt to diminish their grief. C. a show of respect for the person who has died. D. your partner's caring and supportive attitude.
B
You and your partner are EMTs who have been dispatched to stand by at the scene of a residential fire. While standing next to the ambulance observing the firefighters, you see a woman frantically moving around in her burning house. You should: A. request permission from the fire chief to enter the structure. B. immediately notify the incident commander or safety officer. C. stay where you are until firefighters remove her from the house. D. don a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and rescue the woman
B
You are assessing a middle-aged man with chest pain that you suspect is caused by a cardiac problem. The patient tells you that he does not want to go to the hospital and insists that you leave him alone. You should: A. tell him that he is having a heart attack and that he needs to go to the hospital. B. explain the seriousness of the situation to him, but avoid causing undue alarm. C. proceed to treat him because the stress of the situation has impaired his thinking. D. reassure him that he will not receive a bill for the EMS call if he cannot pay.
B
You respond to a single-vehicle crash on the highway west of town. Upon arrival you find a 33-year-old man with an open forearm fracture who has self-extricated from his pickup, which is down the roadside embankment. He does not appear to have suffered any other injuries, is fully coherent, and refuses all medical care. In an effort to obtain consent to treat this patient, you should: A. proceed with treatment; consent is not required because the patient is not being rational. B. clearly explain the consequences of not accepting medical treatment. C. summon law enforcement and request that the patient be placed into protective custody. D. properly document the refusal of care.
B
________ are helpful when you are away from the ambulance and need to communicate with dispatch, another unit, or medical control. A. Base stations B. Portable radios C. Cellular phones D. Mobile radios
B
A positive TB skin test indicates that: A. the TB disease is currently dormant but may later become active. B. you are actively infected with TB. C. you have been exposed to TB. D. you have never been exposed to TB
C
According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT would require special permission from the medical director and the state EMS office to: A. use an automatic transport ventilator. B. apply and interpret data from a pulse oximeter. C. insert a peripheral intravenous catheter. Correct D. give aspirin to a patient with chest pain
C
An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to: A. ignore the patient's feelings and focus on his or her medical complaint. B. reassure the patient that everything will be all right, even if it will not be. C. continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful. D. demand that the patient to be quiet and cooperative during transport.
C
As an EMT, it is important to remember that the signs and symptoms of cumulative stress: A. are most effectively treated with medications. B. cannot be identified and can cause health problems. C. may not be obvious or present all the time. D. usually manifest suddenly and without warning.
C
As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of: A. a paramedic supervisor. B. the general public. C. another EMT. D. the medical director.
C
Critical incident stress management (CISM) can occur at an ongoing scene in all of the following circumstances, EXCEPT: A. before personnel are preparing to reenter the scene. B. before leaving the scene after the incident is resolved. C. when patients are actively being assessed or treated. D. when personnel are assessed during periods of rest.
C
Determination of exposure is an important component of an infection control plan because it: A. determines the time of day when most exposures are likely to occur. B. defines who is most likely to transmit communicable diseases in the workplace. C. defines who is at risk for contact with blood and body fluids and which tasks pose a risk of exposure. D. determines which type of communicable disease might be present in the workplace
C
Digital signals are used in some kinds of paging and tone-alerting systems because they transmit ________ and allow for more choices and flexibility. A. alphanumerically B. numerically C. faster D. encoded messages
C
If an EMT candidate has been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor, he or she should: A. contact the state EMS office and provide its staff with the required documentation. B. wait at least 24 months before taking another state-approved EMT class. C. send an official request to the National Registry of EMTs (NREMT) to seek approval to take the EMT exam. D. recognize that any such conviction will disqualify him or her from EMT licensure
C
In many states, a minor may be treated as an adult for the purpose of consenting to or refusing medical treatment if the minor: A. is mentally competent and able to refuse. B. has a poor relationship with his or her parents. C. is self-supporting and lives by him- or herself. D. possesses a valid driver's license
C
In the eyes of the courts, an incomplete or untidy patient care form indicates: A. thorough documentation was not required. B. the EMT was too busy providing patient care to fill out the form. C. inadequate patient care was administered. D. potential falsification of the patient care form.
C
It is especially important for EMS personnel to develop nonadversarial relationships with their coworkers because they: A. must work together every third day. B. may have to bunk in the same room. C. depend on one another for their safety. D. are highly prone to stress and burnout.
C
Physiologic manifestations of stress include: A. flushed skin, decreased muscle control, and vomiting. B. increased blood pressure, decreased blood glucose levels, and chest pain. C. perspiration, increased blood glucose levels, and dilated pupils. D. slow heart rate, low blood pressure, and severe headaches.
C
The final stage of death and dying MOST commonly takes the form of: A. denial. B. anger. C. acceptance. D. depression.
C
Which of the following infectious diseases confers no protection from reinfection after exposure? A. Chickenpox B. Rubella C. Syphilis D. Mumps
C
Which of the following is NOT true of medical control? A. It may be written or "standing orders." B. It may require online radio or phone consultation. C. It is determined by the dispatcher. D. It describes the care authorized by the medical director.
C
Which of the following patients has decision-making capacity and can legally refuse emergency medical treatment? A. A man who is staggering and states that he had three beers B. A confused young male who says he is the president C. A conscious and alert woman with severe abdominal pain D. A diabetic woman who has slurred speech and is not aware of the date
C
Which of the following signs would indicate that your partner is experiencing significant stress? A. Increased interest in daily activities B. Acute increase in appetite C. Isolation from the rest of the crew D. Hyperactivity during an EMS call
C
A 12-year-old boy told his grandmother he was going to collect the day's mail, located on the opposite side of the street, for her. As he was returning with the mail, he was struck by a vehicle and was found lying lifeless in the middle of the street. Which of the following would be appropriate to say to the grandmother? Select one: A. It's best not to spend time talking to the grandmother. B. "What were you thinking? You will be reported!" C. "Don't worry. I'm sure he'll be fine." D. "We're placing him on a backboard to protect his back, and we'll take him to the Columbus Community Hospital. Do you know who his doctor is?"
D
A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should: A. have the patient sign a refusal form and return him to his office. B. document the patient's request but continue to transport him. C. request that the police place the patient under protective custody. D. assess whether the patient's mental condition is impaired.
D
According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, an employer must: A. guarantee a 100% risk-free environment prior to employment. B. provide gloves and other personal protective equipment to full-time paid employees only. C. screen all prospective employees for blood-borne pathogens. D. offer a workplace environment that reduces the risk of exposure.
D
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), recommended immunizations and tests include: A. smallpox vaccine every 5 years. B. TB skin test every 6 months. C. two-shot hepatitis A vaccination series. D. tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis booster every 10 years
D
After stocking the ambulance this morning, you and your partner go out for breakfast. While entering the restaurant, you see an older gentleman clutch his chest and collapse to the floor. When you get to him, he has no pulse and is not breathing. To treat this patient, you will follow: A. off-line medical control. B. online medical control. C. protocols. D. All of these answers are correct.
D
Components of the CISM system include: A. preincident stress education. B. defusings. C. spouse and family support. D. All of these answers are correct.
D
If you find that you are the target of the patient's anger, make sure that you: A. are safe. B. do not take the anger or insults personally. C. are tolerant and do not become defensive. D. All of these answers are correct.
D
If you use a waterless handwashing substitute in the field, it is important to: A. wait at least 5 minutes before touching another patient. B. avoid donning another pair of gloves for at least 10 minutes. C. immediately dry your hands with a paper towel. D. wash your hands with soap and water at the hospital.
D
Obtaining continuing medical education is the responsibility of the: A. EMS training officer. B. EMS medical director. C. State Bureau of EMS. D. individual EMT
D
Patients who become dependent upon EMS personnel or other health care providers often feel: A. hopeful. B. relieved. C. superior. D. shamed.
D
Sexual harassment is defined as: A. any unwelcome sexual advance. B. unwelcome requests for sexual favors. C. unwelcome verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. D. All of these answers are correct
D
Standard radio operating procedures are designed to: a) reduce number of misunderstood messages b) keep transmissions brief c) develop effective radio discipline d) all of the above
D
The BEST way to reduce your risk of contracting a work-related disease following exposure is to: A. get vaccinated against the disease you think you were exposed to. B. vigorously wash the affected area with an antimicrobial solution. C. be evaluated by a physician within 72 hours following the exposure. D. activate your department's infection control plan as soon as possible.
D
The MOST effective way to preserve your own body heat when functioning in cold, wet weather is to: A. avoid outer clothing with zippers. B. wear socks made of heavy-duty cotton. C. wear a heavy, thick jacket or coat. D. wear at least three layers of clothing.
D
The continuous quality improvement (CQI) process is designed to: A. ensure that all EMTs maintain licensure through the state EMS office. B. focus specifically on the quality of emergency care provided to the patient. C. administer punitive actions to EMTs who do not follow local protocols. D. identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed.
D
The patient report commonly includes all of the following, EXCEPT: A. your estimated time of arrival. B. a brief history of the patient's current problem. C. the patient's age and gender. D. a list of the patient's medications.
D
The process by which an individual, an institution, or a program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain standards is called: A. competency. B. the scope of practice. C. the standard of care. D. certification.
D
To minimize the risk of litigation, the EMT should: A. utilize at least four personnel when moving a patient. B. always transport patients to the hospital of their choice. C. use universal precautions with every patient encounter. D. provide competent care that meets current standards.
D
When acknowledging the death of a child, reactions vary, but ____________ is common. A. shock B. disbelief C. denial D. All of these answers are correct.
D
When caring for a 65-year-old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position but do not apply oxygen. The patient's condition continues to deteriorate and he develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of: A. battery. B. assault. C. abandonment. D. negligence.
D
When treating a patient who is trapped in a vehicle and covered with broken glass, it is BEST to wear: A. firefighter gloves only, to preserve manual dexterity. B. thick firefighter gloves over two pairs of latex gloves. C. latex gloves with thick leather gloves underneath. D. puncture-proof leather gloves over your latex gloves.
D
Which type of stress reaction occurs when an EMT is exposed to many insignificant stressors over a period of several months or years? A. Posttraumatic stress reaction B. Acute stress reaction C. Critical incident stress reaction D. Cumulative stress reaction
D
While you are on duty, your partner asks you out on a date and touches you in an inappropriate location without your consent. You should: A. tell your partner to quit kidding around and focus on the job. B. notify law enforcement personnel and have your partner arrested. C. warn your partner that you will report him or her if it happens again. D. tell your partner to stop and report the incident to your supervisor
D
You and your partner respond to the residence of a 66-year-old male with shortness of breath. As you are assessing the patient, his wife tells you that he was recently diagnosed with lung cancer. The patient is verbally abusive and tells you that failure of the health care system caused his disease. Which stage of the grieving process is this patient's behavior consistent with? A. Depression B. Denial C. Bargaining D. Anger
D
According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be trained to: a. assist pt. with prescribed medications b. insert peripheral iv line and infuse fluids c. interpret a basic ecg rhythm and treat accordingly d. administer epinephrine via subcutaneous route
a
The compliance-monitoring component of an infection control plan should: A. ensure that employees understand what they should do and why it is important. B. address issues such as medical waste collection, storage, and ambulance disinfection. C. identify who to notify after an exposure and where treatment should be provided. D. consist of a list of tasks that pose a risk for contact with blood or other body fluids.
a
You are caring for a 35-year-old female with pregnancy-related complications. She is clearly experiencing significant stress and is crying uncontrollably. Your MOST appropriate action would be to: a. demonstrate courtesy and speak with a professional tone of voice. b. discourage her from expressing fears until counselor available c. tell her everything will be alright to calm her down d. restrain her if she is extremely emotional and will not calm down
a
The spread of HIV in the healthcare setting can usually be traced to a) noncompliance with standard precautions b) careless handling of sharps c) lack of proper immunizations d) excessive blood splashing or splattering
b
When a patient is dying he or she may experience regression. This is MOST accurately defined as: a. decreased ability to exercise age-appropriate judgement b. behavior consistent with an earlier developmental stage c. fear of being completely dependent upon other people d. anger projected toward emt or other providers
b