EMT Questions

Which of the following suffixes mean ¨two¨?

"dipl-" and "bi-"

Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct?

(There was no answer listed, so good luck with this one because I´m stupid.)

What is the proper dose of Epi IM in an adult patient?

0.3 Mg.

What is the minimum number of chest compressions that should be delivered per minute to a 4-month-old infant?

100

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

100 mL

To ensure that you will deliver the appropriate number of chest compressions during one-rescuer adult CPR, you should compress the patient´s chest at a rate of:

100 to 120 compressions per minutes.

You respond to a 5-year-old patient who has ingested some of her grandmother´s medication. You contact poison control and they advised you to give the patient charcoal. The patient weighs 22 pounds. What is the dose of charcoal you need to give to the patient?

11 Mg.

An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between:

12 and 20 breaths/min.

The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from:

12 to 20 breaths per minute.

What is the proper dose of Aspirin in an adult patient having chest pains?

324 Mg.

After ________ minutes without oxygen, permanent brain damage is possible.

4 to 6.

Normal respiratory rates should not exceed __________ breaths per minute in toddlers and __________ breaths per minute in infants.

40, 60.

A patient in unstable condition should be assessed at least every:

5 Minutes.

The Microdrip administration delivers 1 mL of fluid every ________ drops.

60

In the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than ___________ beats/min, and tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than ___________ beats/min.

60, 100.

A critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no more than ________ hours following the incident

72

You should attempt to maintain a chest compressions fraction of at least _____::

80%

The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:

90 seconds.

The goal of oxygenation for most patients is an oxygen saturation of:

94% to 99%

Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?

A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin.

In which of the following situations is pertinent negative identified?

A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath.

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

A confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor.

In which of the following situations would a direct ground lift be the MOST appropriate method of moving a patient?

A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain

A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when:

A disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe:

A group of symptoms that caused by myocardial ischemia.

During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:

A lower airway obstruction.

Which of the following patients has signs of an altered mental status?

A patient with a head injury who is slow to answer questions.

A patient requires medication, but does not require additional fluids. The EMT would MOST likely be asked to prepare:

A saline lock.

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when:

A small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms.

A raised, swolled, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called:

A wheal.

Which of the following statements regarding the use of an AED in children is correct?

AEDs can be used safely on infants and children by using pediatric pads and an energy reducer.

You are transporting a 67-year-old female patient to the hospital for investigation of abdominal pain. The patient care record indicates that the patient has a history of AAA. Based on this information, the patient care record includes an abbreviation for:

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:

Ability of the blood to effectively clot.

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Absent peripheral pulses.

The final stage of death and dying MOST commonly takes the form of:

Acceptance.

The BEST way to reduce your risk of contracting a work-related disease following exposure is to:

Activate your department´s infection control plan as soon as possible.

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse?

Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag.

A 4-year-old, 15-kg male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The child's mother states that she does not know when the ingestion occurred. The child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. The EMT should:

Administer 15 g of activated charcoal.

What 2 medications would you give for a patient having an asthma attack?

Albuterol, Atrovent.

The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n):

Allergen

Your protocols state that during the first few minutes of working on a cardiac arrest patient, you should provide passive ventilation. This means that you will:

Allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lung.

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

Alternate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag-mask device.

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the:

Alveolar sacs.

You and your partner respond to the residence of a 66-year-old male with shortness of breath. As you are assessing the patient, his wife tells you that he was recently diagnosed with lung cancer. The patient is verbally abusive and tells you that failure of the health care system caused his disease. Which stage of the grieving process is this patient's behavior consistent with?

Anger

When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that:

Any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value.

A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

Aortic Aneurysm

The _________ of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles.

Apex

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?

Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure.

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should:

Apply direct pressure to the wound.

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

Applying local direct pressure.

The MOST common reason that many people experiencing AMI do not seek immediate medical attention is because they:

Are in denial.

In general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they:

Are usually absorbed quickly into the body.

Febrile seizures:

Are usually benign but should be evaluated.

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

Arterioles

Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?

Aspirin.

After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive, you should:

Assess for breathing and a pulse.

You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should:

Assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is ¨sick¨. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to:

Assist his ventilations.

A 37-year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of:

Asthma

You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes:

Attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated.

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:

Attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.

The electrical stimulus that originates in the heartś primary pacemaker is controlled by impulses from the brain that arrive by way of the:

Autonomic nervous system.

Your priority in caring or a patient with a surface contract poisoning is to:

Avoid contaminating yourself.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock?

Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation.

After administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to:

Be alert for vomiting.

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:

Become smaller.

A 60-year-old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless,and apneic. You should:

Begin CPR until an AED is available.

You and your EMT partner are the first to arrive at the scene of an unresponsive 70-year-old man. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. A paramedic unit is en route to the scene and will arrive in approximately 5 minutes. You should:

Begin CPR, apply the AED, and deliver a shock if it is indicated.

You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?

Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should:

Begin vetilatory assistance.

Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient´s pulse rate to be slower than normal?

Beta Blocker Medications

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

Bilateral

Carbon monoxide blocks the ability of the blood to oxygenate the body because it:

Binds with the hemoglobin in red blood cells.

The root ¨melan/o¨ means

Black

The major side effect associated with administration of activated charcoal is:

Black stools.

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

Body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C)

When assessing the pulse of an unresponsive infant, you should palpate the __________ artery.

Brachial

When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient´s upper extremity, you should place the diaphragm (head) of the stethoscope over the ________ artery:

Brachial

The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas, EXCEPT the:

Brain

The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:

Brain Stem.

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?

Brochus

When performing the secondary assessment on a trauma patient, you note the presence of battle sign. This is defined as:

Bruising behind the ear.

Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

Burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating.

Rapid, labored breathing in a patient with signs and symptoms of AMI should make you suspicious for:

CHF

You are off duty at a park when you witness an apparently healthy 12-year-old child suddenly collapses. There are no bystanders around, and your mobile phone is in your car. After confirming that the child is in cardiac arrest, you should:

Call9-q-q and then return to begin CPR on the child.

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:

Carbon Dioxide.

A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is:

Cardiogenic hypoperfusion.

Which of the following is NOT an indication to stop CPR once you have started?

Care is transferred to a bystander.

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should:

Carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

The head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the:

Carotid Atreries

¨Chondrus¨ in the word Chondritis means:

Cartilage

Oxygen toxicity is a condition in which:

Cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood.

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

Check her airway for obstructions.

Minimizing the amount of pathogens or ¨unclean¨ materials through routine hand washing and wearing protective gloves is known as the _____________ technique.

Clean

If it is not possible to adequately clean your ambulance at the hospital following a call, you should:

Clean the ambulance at your station in a designated area that is well ventilated.

EMTs should have a strong working knowledge of medical terminology in order to:

Communicate effectively with other members of the health care team.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Constriction of blood vessels in the muscles.

Common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Cool, clammy skin.

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:

Corner of the mouth to the earlobe.

The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the ___________, which originate(s) from the _______________.

Coronary Arteries, Aorta.

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly irregular. You should:

Count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading.

Which type of stress reaction occurs when an EMT is exposed to many insignificant stressors over a period of several months or years?

Cumulative stress reaction.

Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia?

Cyanosis

Ischemic heart disease is defined as:

Decreased blood flow to one or more portions of the myocardium.

Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by:

Decreased pumping force of the heart muscle.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epineephrine?

Decreases heart rate and blood pressure.

Determination of exposure is an important component of an infection control plan because it:

Defines who is at risk for contact with blood and body fluids and which tasks pose a risk of exposure.

After an advanced airway device has been inserted during two-rescuer CPR, you should:

Deliver one rescue breath every 6 seconds.

A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient´s wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD). The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do?

Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.

It is especially important for EMS personnel to develop nonadversarial relationships with their coworkers because they:

Depend on one another for their safety.

Which of the following is considered an obvious sign of death and would not require the initiation of CPR?

Dependent blood pooling.

Capnography is used to:

Determine how much carbon dioxide is being exhaled.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to:

Determine if she was injured when she fainted.

A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being:

Diaphoretic.

Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by:

Dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow.

The suffix ¨pathy¨ means:

Disease

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the ____________ forearm.

Distal

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

Dizziness upon standing.

Which is the MOST appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to a wheeled stretcher.

Draw Sheet Method.

Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Drowsiness

Your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49-year-old male with bradycardia. Which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience?

Dry mucous membranes.

Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should first:

Ensure that you are safe.

What should you do before attempting to access a patient trapped in a vehicle?

Ensure the vehicle is stable.

The MOST important consideration at the scene of a hazardous materials incident is:

Ensuring your personal safety.

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT the:

Epiglottis.

Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum?

Esophagus.

While obtaining a 12-lead ECG prior to ALS arrival, you not the presence of artifact on the tracing. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this?

Excessive movement of the patient.

A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she:

Excessively Thirsty

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called:

External Respiration.

Neurogenic shock occurs when:

Failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.

When considering his or her personal life, it is important for the EMT to realize that:

Family or friends may not understand the stress associated with EMS.

Ketone production is the result of:

Fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.

Blood that is ejected from the right venticle:

Flows into the pulmonary arteries.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:

Follow appropriate standard precautions.

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Forceful coughing.

You should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than 250 lb with fewer than _______ rescuers, regardless of individual strength.

Four

The direct carry is used to transfer a patient:

From a bed to the ambulance stretcher

Complications associated with chest compressions include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Gastric distention

What medication form does oral glucose come in?

Gel

CPAP is indicated for patients who:

Have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands.

Which of the following is an example of a symptom?

Headache

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

Hematemesis

After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called:

Hemostasis

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today?

High blood pressure.

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:

How rapidly he or she bleeds.

Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Hypertension

The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is:

Hypoglycemia.

List at least 3 contraindications for the administration of NTG in a patient?

Hypotension, Hypersensitivity, ED Drugs, Headache.

You are dispatched to Shenandoah University at the football field for one having trouble breathing. You find a 20 year old male who was running laps and now is short of breath. He is sitting in the tripod position, using his accessory muscle, is able to talk in short 2 and 3 word phrases, and has audible wheezing. He has an MDI with Ventolin, but says it is not helping. He has used his MDI 3 times so far without relief. His vital signs are Resp 26, Pulse 110, SPO2 is 98% and BP 122/88. What do you think is wrong with the patient? What medications will you administer and by what route would you give the medication? Please be detailed in your description. What is the maximum dose of the medications you will give the patient?

I think that this patient is having an asthma attack. I would immediately put this patient on an atrovent and albuterol mix. I would give this patient 0.5 milligrams of Atrovent mixed with 2.5 milligrams of Albuterol in a nebulizer on 6 liters per minute. I can only give one dose of Atrovent but I can give up to three doses of Albuterol but I can give more if I contact a doctor on the radio for permission.

You have an unresponsive patient who is breathing less than 4 times a minute. You suspect an overdose of percocet. What medication and what dose would you give this patient? What is your goal when you give this medication.

I would give this patient just enough Narcan so that they are able to breathe on their own, but not full be awake. 0.4 Mg IN.

Narcan can be administered in which of the following ways?

IV, Intermuscular, and Internasal.

The goal of the primary assessment is to:

Identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions.

When obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes, it would be MOST important to determine:

If he or she has had any recent illnesses or excessive stress.

Gastric distention will MOST likely occur:

If you ventilate a patient too quickly.

Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilations is correct?

In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite inadequate oxygenation.

Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as:

Inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells.

Which of the following would cause an increase in the amount of exhaled carbon dioxide?

Increased cardiac output.

You are organizing a group of EMTs to provide triage in a mass-casualty exercise. In order for the group to be successful, it is essential that:

Individuals have an understanding of how the group will accomplish itś goals.

EMTs and other health care providers function as a true team when they work:

Interdependently

A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the:

Intranasal Route

Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained?

Intraosseous

Upon arriving at the scene of a patient with difficulty breathing, you determine that the scene is safe. You enter the residence and find the patient sitting in a chair in respiratory distress. Your first action should be to:

Introduce yourself to the patient.

After spiking a bag of IV fluid for the paramedic, the EMT notices that the drip chamber is too full. The EMT should:

Invert the IV bag and squeeze the drip chamber.

A patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. His head and chin are thrust forward. This position indicates that he:

Is experiencing difficulty breathing.

The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure:

Is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes.

Chronic renal railure is a condition that:

Is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum:

Is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

Which of the following signs would indicate that your partner is experiencing significant stress?

Isolation from the rest of the crew.

Which of the following statements regarding stridor is correct?

It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound.

What is the function of the left atrium?

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in:

Leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity.

In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the:

Lips or Oral Mucosa.

Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the:

Liver

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured?

Liver

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:

Liver Dysfunction

Who do you have to thank for your grade?

Liz.

You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to:

Log roll him as a unit to a supine position.

A strangulated hernia is one that:

Loses itś blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

A decrease in blood pressure may indicate:

Loss of vascular tone.

You arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should:

Maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and administer high-flow oxygen.

As an EMT, it is important to remember that the signs and symptoms of cumulative stress:

May not be obvious or present all the time.

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline of the body is:

Medial

You arrive at a local grocery store approximately 5 minutes after a 21-year-old female stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented; she keeps asking you what happened and tells you that she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you that she takes Valproate (Depakote) for her seizures, but has not taken it in a few days. He also tells you that she has diabetes. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:

Monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level.

After administering 0.3 Mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and resolution of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

Monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.

The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:

Most serious thing the patient is concerned about.

While rescuer one is finishing his or her fifth cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should::

Move to the opposite side of the patientś chest.

Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that:

Moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath.

¨Myo¨ in the word myocarditis means:

Muscle

EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:

Naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient.

What does the acronym OPQRST stand for?

O. Onset P. Provocation Q: Quality R: Region S: Severity T: Time

Prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they:

Offer little to no side protection.

In contrast to AMI, a dissecting aortic aneurysm:

Often presents with pain that is maximal from the onset.

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the V1 and V2 electrodes should be placed:

On either side of the sternum.

A team of EMTs and paramedics are attempting to resuscitate a man who is in cardiac arrest while his wife and son are present. Which of the following should occur during the resuscitation attempt?

One EMT should update the family on the interventions that have been performed and how the patient has responded.

The proper depth of chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant is:

One third the diameter of the chest, or about 1.5 inches.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?

Only one section of the chest rises on inspiration, while another area falls.

Please list two different medications you carry to give to a patient who is hypoglycemic?

Oral Glucose, Glucagon.

Airborne substances should be diluted with:

Oxygen

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct?

Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

Pain and distention.

Common signs and symptoms of AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Pain exacerbated by breathing.

Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct?

Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite normal respiatory rate.

Your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic 30-year-old man is met with resistance and you do not see the chest rise. Your second ventilation attempt is also unsuccessful. You should:

Perform 30 chest compressions.

You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused, is in obvious respiratory distress, and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate livesaving treatment, you should:

Perform a detailed head-to-toe exam and prepare for immediate transport.

Physiologic manifestations of stress include:

Perspiration, Increased Blood Glucose Levels, And Dilated Pupils.

The diaphragm is innervated by the ___________ nerve, which allows it to contract.

Phrenic

Normal skin color, temperature, and condition should be:

Pink, warm, and dry.

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

Place her in a supine position.

A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has been prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 88/64 mm Hg and heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:

Placing her in an upright position.

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?

Platelets collect at the injury site.

Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure?

Poisoning.

In relation to the chest, the back is:

Posterior

A 50-year-old male presents with altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a ¨small stroke¨ 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen if needed, you should:

Prepare for immediate transport.

CPR is in progress on a pregnant woman. Shortly after manually displacing her uterus to the left, return of spontaneous circulation occurs. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness.

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

Prevents the aggregation of platelets.

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

Prone

CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is:

Prone

WHich of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene Size-up?

Rapidly assessing a patientś respiratory status.

You and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious in their bed. There is no evidence of trauma. As you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. Which of the following should be your MOST appropriate action?

Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag

When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:

Rate and depth of breathing.

A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should:

Recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs

You are ventilating a 40-year-old uninjured man who is apneic but has a pulse. When your partner reassesses his blood pressure, he notes that it has decreased significantly from previous readings. You elevate the patient's legs, but this action has no effect. You should:

Reduce the rate or volume of the ventilations you are delivering.

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain:

Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries.

You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight-fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should:

Remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise.

While providing CPAP to a patient in severe respiratory distress, you note that his heart rate has increased by 20 beats/min. He is conscious but is no longer following verbal commands. You should:

Remove the CPAP device and ventilate him with a bag mask device.

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

Removing sodium and water from the body.

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should:

Repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.

If gastric distention begins to make positive-pressure ventilation difficult, you should:

Reposition the patient´s airway.

You have administered one dose epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should:

Request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine.

In most cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

Respiratory arrest.

You respond to a residence for a patient who is ¨not acting right.¨ As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:

Retreat and call the PD.

The systemic veins function by:

Returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should:

Roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway.

What does the acronym SAMPLE stand for?

S. Signs and symptoms A. Allergies M. Medications P. Previous problems L. Last food or drink E. Events

You are ventilating a patient with a stroma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should:

Seal the mouth and nose.

Functions of the liver include:

Secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances.

Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport?

Severe chest pain and cool, pale skin.

Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is:

Sitting up at a 45° angle.

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2 to 3 hours?

Skeletal muscle.

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system:

Slows the heart and respiratory rates..

Assisting with vascular access may include:

Spiking the IV bag.

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies?

Spleen

Solid abdominal organs include the:

Spleen, Kidneys, and Pancreas.

¨Gastro¨ in the word ¨gastroenteritis¨ means:

Stomach

The purpose of defibrillation is to:

Stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells.

Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway?

Stridor.

A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called:

Subcutaneous Emphysema.

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

Sublingually

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct?

Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.

You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth, and has an oxygen saturation of 96%. You should:

Suction her oropharynx and transport immediately.

Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include:

Tachycardia

While you are on duty, your partner asks you out on a date and touches you in an inappropriate location without your consent. You should:

Tell your partner to stop and report the incident to your supervisor.

While caring for a patient, the EMT states to her partner, ¨Why even splint the patient´s leg if they´re only going to remove it in the ED?¨ This statement indicates that:

The EMTś focus is not on the common goal.

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?

The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient´s injuries.

The main benefit of using a mechanical piston device for chest compressions is:

The elimination of rescuer fatigue that results from manual compressions.

Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct?

The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug.

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

The filtering of blood cells in the spleen.

Ventricular tachycardia aka V-Tach causes hypotension because:

The left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood.

EMTs arrive at the scene of an ill person. The EMR, who arrived before the EMTs, advises that the patient had a syncopal episode. The patient is conscious and alert and remains so throughout transport. When transferring patient care to the emergency department nurse, the EMT should advise the nurse that:

The patient had a reported syncopal episode.

You are transporting a 66-year old patient with a history of heart problems. The patient chart indicates that he has hepatomegaly. The root of the term indicates that:

The problem is with the patient's liver.

The term "pericardiocentesis" means:

The removal of fluid around the heart.

What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?

The tongue.

Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because:

There is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely.

Please describe what a medic expects you to do when you are asked to preoxygenate the patient prior to intubation?

They expect you to bag the patient for at least 2 minutes before they try and tube the patient just to make sure the patient has enough O2.

You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39-year-old female who is sick. When you arrive, you fine the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. Immediate management for this patient should include:

Thoroughly suctioning her oropharynx

Most patients are instructed by the physician to take up to ___________ doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS.

Three

List the 6 rights of patient medication.

Time, Patient, Medication, Dosage, Route, Indication.

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch?

Transcutaneous

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is:

Transporting the patient without delay.

Abdominal thrusts in a conscious child or adult with a severe upper airway obstruction are performed:

Until he or she loses consciousness.

Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the MOST rapidly fatal if not treated immediately?

Upper airway swelling.

When carrying a patient up or down stairs, you should avoid:

Using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible.

Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction?

Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation.

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:

Ventilation

Assisting with endotracheal intubation may include:

Ventilation and Preoxygenation.

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm?

Ventricular Tachycardia.

The parietal peritoneum lines the:

Walls of the abdominal cavity.

If you use a waterless handwashing substitute in the field, it is important to:

Wash your hands with soap and water at this hospital.

The MOST effective way to preserve your own body heat when functioning cold, we weather is to:

Wear at least three layers of clothing.

WHich of the following signs or symptoms would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes?

Weight loss and polyuria.

Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:

Wheezing and hypotension are present.

Supplemental oxygen without assisted ventilation would MOST likely be administered to patients:

With difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume.

When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest:

With one or two hands.

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?

You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment.

While trying to make a family member feel better after a loved one has died, your partner states, "I know how you are feeling." The family members may view this as:

Your partnerś attempt to diminish their grief.

What medication can you give for an adult patient complaining of nausea and/or vomiting. What is the dose and list at least one contraindication besides an allergy to the drug.

Zofran - 4Mg. If the patient is pregnant.

Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle.

You are transporting a 40-year-old male with respiratory distress. The patient tells you that he recently had a positive tuberculosis (TB) skin test and is currently being evaluated for possible TB. You should:

apply a nonrebreathing mask on the patient and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator on yourself

You are caring for a 35-year-old female with pregnancy-related complications. She is clearly experiencing significant stress and is crying uncontrollably. Your MOST appropriate action would be to:

demonstrate courtesy and speak with a professional tone of voice.

You are assessing a middle-aged man with chest pain that you suspect is caused by a cardiac problem. The patient tells you that he does not want to go to the hospital and insists that you leave him alone. You should:

explain the seriousness of the situation to him, but avoid causing undue alarm.

Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells:

incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood.

You are caring for a 40-year-old female who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. Her husband, who was driving the vehicle, was killed. When the patient asks you if her husband is all right, you should:

let clergy or hospital staff relay the bad news if possible.

You are dispatched to the scene of a crash involving a large tanker truck. While you are en route, dispatch advises you that there are multiple patients and that the fire department is en route as well. As you approach the scene, you should:

maintain a safe distance and try to read the placard with binoculars.

You are summoned to a convalescent center for an 88-year-old female with an altered mental status. A staff nurse advises you that the patient has terminal cancer and her physician stated that she would probably die within the next few hours; a valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order is presented to you. When caring for this patient, you should:

make her comfortable and provide emotional support.

In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by:

pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot

The extremity lift would NOT be appropriate to use on a patient:

with a deformed humerus

Which of the following suffixes mean ¨pertaining to¨?

¨-al¨ and ¨-ic¨

WHich of the following medical history questions would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation?

¨Does your mother have diabetes?¨

Common questions asked by patients with a serious illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

¨Which hospital am I going to?¨

The meaning "around" can have which of the following prefixes?

¨peri-¨ and ¨circum-¨