EMT Review of Final

Which of the following statements regarding the different stages of the grieving process is correct?

The stages of the grieving process may occur simultaneously.

Enlargement of the liver is called:

hepatomegaly

After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive, you should:

immediately begin chest compressions.

A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to:

record the time and dose of the injection and transport promptly.

According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA.

1%

Which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct?

Bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself.

Which of the following statements regarding a "dirty bomb" is correct?

Dirty bombs could injure victims with both radioactive material and the explosive material used to deliver it.

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries is the LEAST likely?

Head injury

You have two patients who were involved in a motor vehicle crash when their SUV struck a tree—one with neck and back pain, and the other with a deformed left femur. The patient with the deformed femur states that he does not want to be placed on a hard board, nor does he want a collar around his neck. What is the MOST appropriate and practical method of securing these patients and placing them into the ambulance?

Immobilize the patient with neck and back pain on a long backboard and place him on the wheeled stretcher; place the patient with the deformed femur on a folding stretcher secured to the squad bench.

Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption?

Oral

Which of the following is a typical function of the rescue team?

Providing safe entry and access to patients

How does respiration differ from ventilation?

Respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the movement of air between the lungs and the environment.

Which of the following is an example of a functional behavioral disorder?

Schizophrenia

Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) is correct?

V-fib results in an absence of forward blood flow.

Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock?

Wheezing

The term "supraventricular tachycardia" means:

a rapid heart rate that originates from above the ventricles.

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likely experienced:

a ruptured cerebral artery.

The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is:

bradycardia

It is MOST important to determine a patient's weight when asking questions pertaining to a toxic ingestion because:

activated charcoal is given based on a patient's weight.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. You should suspect:

acute pulmonary embolism.

Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:

air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung.

Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in:

an ulcer.

The components of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) are:

appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation.

A 58-year-old man complains of chest discomfort and nausea. He is conscious and alert; his blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, his pulse is 104 beats/min, and his respirations are 16 breaths/min. Your partner has applied supplemental oxygen. Prior to assisting the patient with one of his prescribed nitroglycerin tablets, you ask him if he takes medication to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) and he tells you that he does. You should:

ask him what he takes, how much, and when he last took it.

You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused; is in obvious respiratory distress; and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate life-saving treatment, you should:

assess her vital signs, secure her to a backboard, and transport her immediately.

When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest and a valid living will or DNR order cannot be located, you should:

begin resuscitation at once.

All information recorded on the PCR must be:

considered confidential.

Hemoptysis is defined as:

coughing up blood.

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a:

dislocation

Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

drying of the eyes.

The EMT certification exam is designed to:

ensure that EMTs are competent and have the same level of knowledge and skills.

You are dispatched to an office building for a 49-year-old male with chest pain. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient to be conscious and alert, but in obvious pain. He tells you that he did not call 9-1-1; a coworker did. He further states that he does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. You should:

ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care.

You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to:

log roll him as a unit to a supine position.

A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately:

perform oropharyngeal suctioning.

An absence seizure is also referred to as a:

petit mal seizure.

Relative to an adult's airway anatomy, the child's:

pharynx is smaller and less deeply curved.

You respond to a call for an unknown emergency. When you arrive at the scene, the patient's husband meets you at the door and states that his wife has been depressed and has locked herself in an upstairs bedroom. He further tells you that he keeps his handgun in the bedroom. You should:

remain in a safe place and request law enforcement.

You have been working at the scene of a major building collapse for 8 hours. Many injured people are still being removed, and everyone is becoming frustrated and losing focus. This situation is MOST effectively managed by:

requesting a CISM team to provide on-scene peer support.

A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is hot and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing:

septic shock.

When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should:

start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.

Prompt transport of a patient with a suspected AMI is important because:

the patient may be eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy.

When the shoulder girdle is aligned over the pelvis during lifting:

the weight is exerted straight down the vertebrae.

Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because:

their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.

Your BEST protection against legal liability when a patient with decision-making capacity refuses EMS care and transport is to:

thoroughly document the entire event.

If you are exposed to a patient's blood or other bodily fluid, your first action should be to:

transfer care of the patient to another EMS provider.

A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to:

unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings.

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

veins are under a lower pressure.

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse may cause:

ventricular fibrillation.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred:

when the patient was hurled against a stationary object.