EMT Test 4 (Actual)
****Which of the following statements made by an EMT shows that he has an accurate understanding of hepatitis C?
"Wearing gloves and washing hands are the best means by which to prevent the transmission of hepatitis C to health care workers."
A 22 year old male attempted to hang himself in a garage using chains suspended from the roof trusses. He was quickly found by family members and taken down to the ground. He is complaining of neck pain as well as mild difficulty breathing. BP 120/60, P 100, R 22 slightly labored with clear lung sounds. Skins are pink, warm and dry. You should:
apply a cervical collar.
A 15 year old female was struck in the mouth with a baseball bat. She has lost her front teeth and is spitting blood. The EMT's priority concern when caring for this patient would be:
airway compromise.
Blunt force injuries to the face are dangerous because there is a possibility of:
airway obstruction.
Which of the following assessment findings indicated that a patient, who has some blood loss after being shot, is in an early stage of shock?
alert and anxious, pulse 102, BP 134/88, skins pale and cool.
Which of the following is a cause of distributive shock?
anaphylaxis.
The first priority in treating shock is:
assure ABC's.
Tissue that is torn loose or pulled completely from the body is called a(n):
avulsion.
Hemorrhagic shock is a result of:
blood loss.
Early signs of a basilar skull fracture include:
blood or clear fluid leaking from the nose or ears.
You and your partner respond to the scene of a high speed bus vs. auto. There appears to be 15-20 patients on initial evaluation of the scene. You should:
call for additional help.
Besides the ABC's, the most important evaluation of a head injured patient is assessing:
changes in level of consciousness.
When placing a patient in full spinal precautions, per National Registry (skill sheet), you should begin with strapping or taping the ________ down first.
chest.
A young intoxicated male patient has no movement or feeling below the clavicles after diving into the shallow end of a pool and hitting the bottom headfirst. The most likely cause of his symptoms is:
compression injury to the cervical spine with an insult to the spinal cord.
An alert and oriented 18 year old female has threatened to hurt herself, but is refusing transport to the hospital. She is calm and states that she knows her rights and taking her would constitute false imprisonment. Her family is present and wants her to go to the hospital for help. Given the situation and the patient's threat, what is your best course of action?
contact law enforcement for assistance.
You have arrived on the scene of an assault involving a knife. Assessment of the unresponsive 21 year old male reveals that he sustained multiple lacerations to the arms and upper abdomen/chest. You should:
cover the abdominal/chest wound with an occlusive dressing.
****Which of the following is the function of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF):
cushions the brain and spine, combats infection, cleanses.
Which one of the following is a sign and/or symptom of GI bleeding?
dark tarry stools.
A patient involved in a motor vehicle collision (MVC) is complaining of neck pain. Which of the following pieces of information would cause the EMT to have a high index of suspicion that the patient may have suffered more significant injuries beyond isolated neck pain?
death of the car's driver.
You are by the side of a young male patient with a history of behavioral problems. Friends called 911 after the patient experienced several violent outbursts this evening. Which finding would cause you to suspect a physical cause for this behavior, as opposed to a behavioral one?
dilated pupils that are sluggish to react.
The first, and usually most successful, method to control bleeding is
direct pressure
A 78 year old male pedestrian was struck by a car at a convenience store and is conscious but confused. After establishing manual c-spine precautions, which of the following represents the best sequence of care?
primary assessment, oxygen, secondary assessment, full spinal precautions, and all other care en route to the hospital.
You are the first to arrive on the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Scene size up reveals a gasoline tanker truck on its side and is unstable with an unresponsive driver in the cab. Multiple bystanders are standing next to the cab waving for you to come over and help the driver. Your immediate action should be to:
order the bystanders away from the truck.
1 / 1 pts You have been called to the post office to assist police with a disorderly male. On scene you find a middle aged male patient stating that he needs to be protected because the CIA is out to get him for something he did not do. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should recognize the patient's behavior as:
paranoia.
The definition of a sprain is:
partial tearing or stretching of ligaments around a joint.
Organisms that cause diseases are called:
pathogens.
Your patient is a 56 year old male who has suffered a stab wound to the left anterior chest. BP 80/60, P 110, R 24 shallow and labored. Lung sound are clear. JVD is present. The most likely cause of the symptoms is:
pericardial tamponade.
Your patient is a 56 year old male who has suffered a stab wound to the left anterior chest. BP 80/60, P 110, R 24. Lung sounds are clear but you notice JVD is present. You should:
place the patient on high flow O2, assist ventilations if necessary and rapid transport to the closest trauma center.
You are called to the scene of a motor vehicle crash in which the driver was ejected. You find the unresponsive driver lying supine on the side of the road. The scene is safe to enter. After taking BSI precautions, you should:
place the patient's head in a neutral in-line position and open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver.
An EMT is transporting a restrained patient who is trying to spit on him. Which one of the following is the EMT justified in doing?
placing a surgical mask over the patient's mouth.
The 6 P's that are evaluated when assessing an extremity for a possible fracture are:
pulses, pallor, paralysis, paraesthesia, pressure, and pain.
A loss of _________ causes a lack of oxygen to the bodies cells.
red blood cells.
The following is a cause of hypovolemic shock: ts in:
severe burns.
****Priapism may be an indication of:
spinal trauma.
The best treatment for a dislocation is:
splint in the position found.
An 8 year old boy fell forward off of a swing onto his outstretched arms. He did not hit his head or lose consciousness and is complaining of left forearm pain. There is deformity to the left wrist, but no other injuries or life threats. BP 108/62, P 114, R 20 unlabored. You should:
splint the forearm and apply a cold pack before transporting non-emergency.
In order to completely immobilize a fracture, it is important to do which of the following:
splint the joint above and below the fracture site.
The field treatment for an impaled object in the eye is:
stabilize the object in place and bandage both eyes.
A young boy was running with a pencil and tripped. The pencil impaled the boy's left eye and remains lodged in place. He is in his mother's arms and both are crying hysterically. Appropriate care for the eye would include:
stabilizing the impaled object and providing immediate transport.
The practice of protecting yourself from disease transmission through exposure to blood and other body fluids is referred to as:
standard precautions.
As you pull up to a motor vehicle collision, you quickly scan the scene for clues as to the type and severity of injuries. What observation would best indicate that the patient has sustained a head injury?
starring of a windshield.
atient struck their face on the steering wheel in a head-on motor vehicle collision and has deformity and crepitus to the bridge of the nose with bleeding deep within the nasal passages. The patient has been fully immobilized to a long board. You should:
suction blood from the airway as needed.
A 27 year old male has been involved in a MVC and is entrapped in his car. He is unresponsive with agonal gurgling respirations and blood coming from his nose. An Emergency Medical Responder is holding manual in-line spinal stabilization. You should:
suction the airway with a hard tipped catheter.
A 30 year old male was the unrestrained driver of a compact car involved in a head on collision striking his chest on the steering wheel. The patient is complaining of severe chest pain and shortness of breath. Upon observation and palpation you feel instability and crepitus and see paradoxical movement. BP 82/60, P 110, R 30 shallow and labored. Lung sounds are absent. You should suspect:
tension pneumothorax
****A 43 year old male has been shot in the right chest inferior and lateral to his right nipple. He is alert and oriented x2, complains of severe chest pain and dyspnea, lung sounds are normal on the left and absent on the right. The wound makes a sucking sound when the patient inhales. Initial vitals are: BP 80/40, P 120, R 34 and shallow. He is developing JVD and his trachea is shifting to the left. You should suspect:
tension pneumothorax.
According to San Diego and National Registry guidelines, spinal immobilization is complete when:
the head is secured.
****When assessing a head-injured patient, what finding is most indicative of increasing pressure within the skull?
Blood pressure of 192/106 mmHg
A 23 year old roofer has fallen 20 feet from the roof of a house into shrubs below. Aside from superficial abrasions and a complaint of soreness, you detect no obvious injuries. Consequently, the patient states that as long as his legs are not broken, he does not see the need to go to the hospital. As a knowledgeable EMT, your best response would be:
"From a fall of this height, you may have hurt some internal organs. You really need to be examined."
A patient has been stabbed with a knife at the fifth intercostal space on the right side of the chest. Assessment reveals him to be short of breath and coughing. Which of the following questions is it most important for the EMT to ask regarding the weapon?
"How long was the knife?"
The EMT understands the importance of evaluating the mechanism of injury by stating:
"The mechanism of injury can be used to guide your assessment and treatment of the patient."
An adult is found unresponsive after being shot in the chest. Which of the following statements is of most concern:
"The patient is becoming very difficult to ventilate."
All of the following patients are victims involved in a motor vehicle crash (MVC). Which patient should be rapidly extricated?
40 year old male driver complaining of difficulty breathing. Unable to palpate a radial pulse, weak carotid pulse at a rate of 120. Respiratory rate 44 and labored.
Which of the following should never be used as a tourniquet?
A piece of wire.
Your patient is an unresponsive 16 year old male involved in an MVA of car vs. tree at 50 MPH. He is presenting with soft tissue injuries to his head, an unstable pelvis and contusions on his abdomen. The patient is moving all extremities. Vitals: BP 80/50, P 120, R 28 shallow and ineffective, skins cool and moist. Your treatment should include:
C-spine precautions, high flow O2 via BVM and rapid transport to the nearest trauma center.
****A 25 year old unrestrained male was involved in a one car MVA. He complains of substernal chest pain where he hit the steering wheel. Vitals are BP 110/70, P 88 and irregular, R 22 with clear lung sounds. A bruise is seen over the sternum. You should suspect:
Cardiac contusion.
****Which part of the spinal column is most likely injured because of no protection by the ribs or other bony structures?
Cervical and lumbar. Your lower back is the most prone to injury. Your lower back (lumbar spine) has the least structural support and endures the most strain, making it the most frequently injured area of the spine.
When performing the primary assessment on a patient with a suspected spinal cord injury, you note the patient is presenting in severe respiratory distress and struggling to breathe. Where should you suspect the spinal cord injury has occurred?
Cervical spine.
This condition is mainly seen in young males during sporting events and characterized by sudden cardiac arrest caused by blunt force trauma to the chest:
Commotio Cordis
According to the National Registry protocol an EMT may attempt to reduce, with gentle unidirectional traction, an angulated extremity fracture with neurological compromise without a BHO:
False
Fractures of which two bones can result in severe bleeding and shock?
Femur and pelvis.
A 21 year old has suffered a gunshot wound (GSW) to the head. When you are assessing the patient, which one of the following findings indicates a non-purposeful response to pain?
Flexing arms across the chest when you pinch the shoulder.
A patient with a head injury with increased intracranial pressure is exhibiting signs and symptoms of Cushing's Triad. Which of the following signs and symptoms would you expect to see?
Hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations.
Your patient is unconscious and unresponsive after losing control of his dirt bike and was ejected 40-50 feet. You observe deformity to the mid-shaft femur and he has multiple abrasions to his abdomen and chest. BP 80/40, P 130, R 30 shallow and labored. You should:
Initiate manual c-spine precautions with rapid removal of the helmet and ventilate with a BVM connected to high flow O2.
Fractures or dislocations of joints are considered serious because:
of the high potential of nerve and vascular damage.
An Emergency Medical Responder reports that a male patient, injured while playing football, has bruising to the lumbar area of the back. Based on this statement, the EMT should expect to find bruising in which area?
Lower back
What statement accurately describes multisystem trauma?
Multisystem trauma has a noted higher incidence of morbidity and mortality.
****The most common type of severe head injury is ________ and is usually the result of __________ bleeding.
NOT sure... But I think it's subdural hematoma, venous. other choices are -subarachnoid hemorrhage, venous. - laceration, arterial.
****An industrial worker has sustained a laceration to his abdomen. On closer inspection, you note what appears to be fatty tissue and a portion of intestine protruding through the wound. Which one of the following is most appropriate for treating this injury?
Occlusive dressing applied over saline-soaked gauze.
Peritonitis can cause what kind of shock?
Septic.
A 40 year old female was struck by a car traveling approximately 35 MPH and is complaining of left upper quadrant pain. Her abdomen is distended and rigid and upon inspection you see bruising and abrasions. Vitals: BP 84/50, P 120, R 26 and shallow. Skins are pale, cool and moist. You should suspect:
Splenic injury with resultant shock
A young female driver, involved in a motor vehicle collision (MVC), complains of cervical pain resulting from a lateral-type mechanism of neck injury. Based on this information, what type of collision most likely took place?
The patient's car was struck from the side.
Which one of the following patients requires the EMT to remove an impaled object in the field?
Young female with a broken pencil through her cheek and into the oropharynx; blood from the injury is flowing into her throat.
An EMT is correct when he describes a communicable disease as:
a disease that can be spread from one person to another.
A dislocation is:
a displaced bone end from a joint.
Paradoxical movement indicates:
a flail chest.
****A 22 year old male patient lost control of his motorcycle, struck a guardrail at a high rate of speed and was ejected approximately 30 feet. Patient landed head first onto the asphalt. BP 82/50, P 80 weak and regular, R 20 but labored. Skins are flushed and dry. You should suspect:
a spinal cord injury
****Your patient is unconscious and unresponsive after losing control of his dirt bike and was ejected 40-50 feet. You observe deformity to the mid-shaft femur and he has multiple abrasions to his abdomen and chest. BP 80/40, P 130, R 30 shallow and labored with absent lung sounds on the left side. You should suspect:
a tension pneumothorax.
***A patient who suffered a loss of consciousness, following a blow to the head, then has a lucid interval followed by a second loss of consciousness is probably suffering from a :
epidural hematoma. a lucid interval is a temporary improvement in a patient's condition after a traumatic brain injury, after which the condition deteriorates. ... An estimated 20 to 50% of patients with epidural hematoma experience such a lucid interval.
Cardiogenic shock is a result of:
failure of the heart to pump adequately.
A patient with a history of hepatitis C has called 911 because he has a headache. Given the complaint and medical history, which PPE is most appropriate?
gloves.
Your patient is an unresponsive 16 year old male involved in an MVA of car vs. tree at 50 MPH. He is presenting with soft tissue injuries to his head, an unstable pelvis and contusions on his abdomen. The patient is moving all extremities. Vitals: BP 80/50, P 120, R 28 shallow and ineffective, skins cool and moist. The most likely cause of his symptoms is:
hemorrhagic shock
A major sign that indicates a patient has transitioned from compensated to decompensated shock is:
hypotension
A patient in cardiogenic shock will exhibit which one of the following signs and symptoms:
hypotension.
You placed an occlusive dressing over a gunshot wound to the chest. While enroute to the hospital, your patient complains of severe shortness of breath and lung sounds are now absent. You should:
immediately release one side of the dressing then reseal.
The only acceptable time to remove an impaled object is:
in the cheek when there is airway compromise.
Shock is defined as:
inadequate tissue perfusion.
A patient with severe retroperitoneal bleeding from an organ located within this cavity has most likely injured their:
kidney.
The EMT is correctly performing routine hand washing when she:
lathers and scrubs with plain soap for 10-15 seconds.
A patient has been stabbed in the chest and is complaining of severe chest pain and dyspnea. The knife is still in place. You should:
leave knife in place, stabilize with bulky dressing, high flow O2, rapid transport.
During transport, a female patient who is restrained begins to cry and states that she is sorry for becoming violent and will not behave in that manner anymore. She requests that the restraints be removed because they are hurting her legs and she does not wish to be restrained any longer. You should:
leave the restraints in place until patient care is transferred to the hospital.
Prior to your arrival at the scene of a motorcycle crash, an Emergency Medical Responder contacts you via radio and reports that there is one patient with an avulsion to her left arm. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should anticipate which one of the following?
loose flap of skin torn on her left arm.
Emergency care for an impaled object in the abdomen should include:
manually securing the object, exposing the wound area, controlling bleeding, and using bulky dressings to stabilize the object.
With few exceptions, impaled objects are generally not removed in the field. The primary reason for this is that removal of the object:
may damage nerves, blood vessels, or muscles within the wound.
A San Diego County EMT may:
not apply the PASG as it is not used in San Diego County.
When applying a SAGER traction splint to a suspected midshaft femur fracture, traction should be applied until:
the splint is set at 10% of the patient's body weight not to exceed 15 lbs.
A 47-year-old male was working underneath a car when the jacks collapsed and the vehicle fell onto the patient's chest. The patient is alert but confused and you note blue/purplish dots on his face. You should suspect:
traumatic asphyxia.
A patient with a maxillary fracture would have sustained injury to the:
upper jaw.
What is the single best technique that the EMT can use to prevent the spread of infection?
washing hands.
A tourniquet should be applied:
when extremity bleeding cannot be controlled with direct pressure.
A patient has had part of his right thumb amputated in an industrial accident. Coworkers have retrieved the thumb and wrapped it in a towel. The EMT demonstrates appropriate handling of the amputated part when he:
wraps it in a dry, sterile dressing.
