EMT test @

The adult epinephrine auto-injector contains ______ milligrams and the pediatric auto-injector contains ____ milligrams.

0.3; 0.15

Which of the following is Most characteristic of adequate breathing?

24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

Most pts who die of anaphylaxis do so within the first:

30 minutes following exposure

Normal blood glucose levels, as measured by a glucometer, are:

80-120 mg/dL

Which of the following pt is in decompensated shock?

A 20 y/p F with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils

In what area of the lungs does reparation occur?

Alveoli

Which of the following is a major difference between angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?

Anginal pain typically subsides with rest.

Which of the following most accurately describes septic shock?

Bacterial damage to the vessel walls, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

Which of the following statements regarding diabetic coma is correct?

Diabetic coma typically develops over a period of hours or days

What is the function of the L atrium?

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

A 60 y/o male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is Most appropriate for this Pt?

Oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and a focused history and physical exam

A 29 y/o f presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should:

Provide ventilatory support

Which of the following pts would most likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?

a 45 y/s male who ingested penicillin

Organic brain syndrome (OBS) is Most accurately defined as

a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function

A 75 y/o m with a history of insulin-dependent diabetes presents with chest pain and general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this pt as though he is experiencing:

a heart attack

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, Except

absent peripheral pulses

A 37 y/o f with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. You apply 100% oxygen and assess her blood glucose level, which reads 320 mg/dL. If this patients condition is not promptly treated, she will most likely develop:

acidosis and dehydration

You are dispatched to a residence for a 67 y/o F that was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This Pt's presentation is most consistent with:

acute pulmonary embolism

A 27 y/o male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the pt, it is most important to

adhere to BSI precautions

You are treating a 20 y/o male with a history of diabetes. The pt states that he is not feeling well. His vital signs are stable; however, he is confused and his skin is cool and clammy. You attempt to obtain a blood glucose reading with your glucometer; however it reads "error" after three attempts. After administering 100% oxygen, you should:

administer oral glucose as need and transport

Which of the following Most accurately defines an allergic reaction?

an exaggerated immune system response to any substance

Which of the following conditions or factors would be the Least likely to result in a change in behavior?

antihypertensive medication

You respond to a residence for a pt with severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the pt , a 44 y/o male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The pt is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should

apply direct pressure to the wound

You respond to a movie theater for a 70 y/o male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type II diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the pt is diaphoretic, tachycardia, and tachypneic. initial management for the pt should include

applying an nonrebreathering mask at 15L/min

The most common reason that many people experiencing a myocardial infarction do not seek immediate medical attention is because they:

are in denial

Which of the following medications is commonly given to pt with chest pain to prevent the formation of blood clots

aspirin

Law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub, where a 22 y/o f was found unconscious in an adjacent alley. Your initial assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. She is wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies her as an epileptic. There is an empty bottle of vodka next to the pt. You should

assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport.

A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the Most appropriate treatment for this pt includes:

assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities

Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to a buildup of fatty deposits is called

atherosclerosis

You receive a call for a 70 y/o F with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure; however, he does not think that she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The Pt is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should:

begin assisting her ventilations with a BVM

Your Pt 55 Y/ 0 Female with a history of emphysema and congestive heart failure. As you assess her, you notice that she is cyanotic and has severely labored respirations. In between her broken sentences, she states that she has a prescribed inhaler. You should

begin ventilatory assistance and contact medical control

General guidelines for managing a Pt with a behavioral emergency include:

being prepared to spend extra time with the Pt

you are dispatched to a residence for a 56 y/o male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the pt wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The pt is semiconscious, has rapid and shallow respirations, and has a thready pulse. You should:

being ventilatory assistance

The vagina and the neck of the uterus comprise the:

birth canal

When assessing a Pt with signs and symptoms of shock, it is most important to remember that:

blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock

One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is

carbon dioxide

A 56 y/o m is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The Pt's wife states that he complained of L arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 911. the most likely cause of this pt present condition is:

cariogenic hypoperfusion

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during

cariogenic shock

Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, Except:

cerebral vasodilation

The three major parts of the brain are the:

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

A 19 y/o m complains of "not feeling right." His insulin and a syringe are on a nearby table. The pt says he thinks he took his insulin and can't remember whether or not he ate. He is also unable to tell you the time or what day it is. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:

contact medical control and administer oral glucose

In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a psychiatric emergency occurs when a person

demonstrates agitation or violence or becomes a threat to self or others

The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is

depression

A conscious and alert 29 y/o female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40 degrees F. On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing 100% oxygen, you should:

determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler

Insulin functions in the body by:

enabling glucose to enter the cells

During the initial assessment of a semiconscious 70 y/o f, you should:

ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed

You respond to an office building to find a middle-aged male in cardiac arrest. Coworkers are performing CPR and state that the Pt has been down for approximately 10 minutes. You attach the AED, push analyze button, and receive a "shock advised" message. You should

ensure that nobody is touching the patient and then defibrillate

The first step in assessing a pt with a behavioral emergency is to

ensure your safety

A 30 y/o male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During you assessment, you hear wheezing over all lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him 100% oxygen, the most important treatment for this Pt is:

epinephrine

Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because

excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys

Neurogenic shock occurs when:

failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the:

fallopian tube

The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:

foramen magnum

You are dispatched to a convenience store for a possible cardiac arrest. Upon arriving at the scene, you find two bystanders performing CPR on the Pt, a 48 y/o male. You initial action should be to:

have the bystanders stop CPR and assess the pt

You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body build, is clenching his fists, and is yelling obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is Least predictive of this Pt's potential for violence?

his large body build

Chemicals that are responsible for the sings and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include:

histamines and leukotrienes

Diabetic coma is a life-threatening condition that results in:

hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and dehydration

the most significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:

hypertension

Shock is the result of

hypoperfusion to the cells of the body

In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of:

increased carbon dioxide levels

You are dispatched to a residence for a 66 y/o m who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your initial assessment reveals that the pt is pulseless and apneic. You should:

initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible

You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21 y/o F has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should:

insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation

You are assisting an asthma Pt with his prescribed inhaler. After the pt takes a deep breath and depresses the hand-held inhaler, you should:

instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.

A 28 y/o f pt is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type I diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level She further tells you that the pt has been the urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:

is significantly hyperglycemic

Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following at sting:

it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes

Which of the following would most likely result in hemorrhagic shock;

liver laceration

Which of the following signs indicates the onset of decompensated cariogenic shock?

low blood pressure

Risk factors for suicide include all of the following, Except

married males over 30

An acute myocardial infarction occurs when:

myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen

You are caring for a conscious pt with L sided hemiparalysis. His airway is patent and his respirations are 22 breaths/ min with adequate tidal volume Treatment for this pt should include:

oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, left lateral recumbent position, and transport

You are transporting a 33 y/o m who was involved in a MVC. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should:

perform a detailed physical examination

a 67 y/o f presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this pt includes:

placing her in an upright position

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the results of a loss of

plasma

A 45 y/o m presents with severe votiming and diarrhea of 3 days duration. He is confused, diaphoretic, and has a weak and rapid radial pulse. His blood pressure is 88/50 mm Hg. After applying 100% supplemental oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport

Status epileptics is characterized by

prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness

A 22 y/o F Pt is complaining of dyspnea, numbness, and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should:

provide reassurance and give Oxygen as needed

Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction most accurately describes

psychogenic shock

A 25 y/o unrestrained f struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She is experiencing sings and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival?

rapid transport to a trauma center

The AED has delivered a shock to an elderly male in cardiac arrest. Following two minutes of CPR, reanalyze the pt cardiac rhythm and receive a "no shock advised" message. Reassessment reveals that he has a palpable carotid pulse. You should:

reassess airway and breathing and treat accordingly

Pain felt at a location other than its origin is called

referred pain

A 19 y/o m was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer 100% oxygen and give him epinephrine via subcutaneous injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should:

repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.

When the level of arterial carbon dioxide increases:

respirations increase in rate and depth

A 38 Y O M with history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the Pt and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The Pt tells you that he sees "aliens" and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The most appropriate way to mange this situation is to:

restrain the Pt with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries

A 70 y/o f was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with a an altered mental status, tachycardia, and a BP of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is warm and moist. You should be Most suspicious that she is experiencing:

septic shock

A generalized seizure is characterized by

severe twitching of all the body's muscles

A 59 y/o M with history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the Most likely cause of this Pt's condition?

spontaneous pneumothorax

A 67 y/o F with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should;

stop the ambulance, begin CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible

The purpose of defibrillation is to

stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells.

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are most characteristic of

stridor

Which of the following adventitious sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

stridor

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is most correct?

subsequent exposure following sensitization often produces more sever reactions

You are caring for a 70 y/o female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, and is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth. You should:

suction her oropharynx and apply 100% oxygen

Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include

tachypnea and tingling in the extremities

Insulin shock will most likely develop if a pt

takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is Most correct?

the hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breath on the basis of low oxygen levels.

Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the most rapidly fatal if not treated immediately?

upper airway swelling

Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction?

vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

The parietal peritoneum lines the:

walls of the abdominal cavity

The two most common signs of anaphylaxis are:

wheezing and diffuse urticaria

When obtaining medical history information form the family of a suspected stroke pt, it is most important to determine:

when the pt last appeared normal