EMT Trauma (Chp 25-29)

the mastoid process is located approximately

1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear.

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

20%

The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae.

7

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?

A person taking blood thinners will experience slower blood clotting.

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Aortic rupture

Which of the following is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding?

Apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard.

Which of the following findings would be least suggestive of a head injury?

Briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of collisions in a typical impact in a motor vehicular crash?

Collision of two passenger bodies within the same vehicle

Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct?

Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours.

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

Deployment of the air bag

Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct?

Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage.

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

Which of the following is a sign of compartment syndrome?

Pain upon passive movement of the injury site

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient?

Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the body surface area

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?

Platelets collect at the injury site

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

Rapid transport to a trauma center

What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

Rotational and rollover

which of the following statements regarding a basilar skull fracture is correct?

The absence of raccoon eyes or Battle's sign does not rule it out.

Which of the following statements regarding the dermis is correct?

The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.

Which of the following findings would be the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto)

which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

Which of the following statements regarding motor nerves is correct?

They carry information from the CNS to the muscles.

Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct?

They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly.

Which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

air splint

The most significant complication associated with facial injuries is:

airway compromise

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

allows movement of the head

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child?

any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:

apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first:

approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian.

The body's functions that occur without conscious effort are regulated by the _________ nervous system.

autonomic

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:

avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should:

avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.

The term "hyphema" is defined as:

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing triad?

blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min

_______ is the most common fatal type of trauma

blunt

The _________ is the best-protected part of the CNS and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems.

brain stem

the phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:

cavitation

The _________ contain(s) about 75% of the brain's total volume.

cerebrum

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Perfusion is most accurately defined as the:

circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs.

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old patient?

circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest

Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes:

compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain.

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include:

coughing up blood

When a driver is in a car equipped with an airbag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the airbag deploys upon impact.

door

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

ears

When immobilizing a patient on a long backboard, you should:

ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head.

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

epidermis

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess:

eye opening, verbal response, motor response

Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are:

falls and motor vehicle collisions.

The eyeball itself is referred to as the:

globe

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is most pertinent to ask him if he:

has a history of eye surgeries.

The skin and underlying tissues of the face:

have a rich blood supply and bleed profusely.

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:

headrest is appropriately positioned.

the ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is most related to:

how rapidly he or she bleeds

Which of the following would be the least likely cause of an altered level of consciousness in a patient with a burn?

hypertension

The effectiveness of positive pressure ventilations when treating a head-injured patient can only be determined by:

immediate reassessment following the intervention.

When a light is shone into the pupil:

it should become smaller in size.

the superficial temporal artery can be palpated

just anterior to the tragus.

The energy of a moving object is called:

kinetic energy

The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the:

lacrimal gland

Which of the following skull fractures would be the least likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs?

linear

The lower jawbone is called the:

mandible

The upper jawbones are called the:

maxillae

When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she:

may lose sensation below the level of the injury.

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the:

mechanism of injury

Signs and symptoms that might be found in a patient who has experienced a concussion include:

nausea and ringing in the ears

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:

osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position

_______ is the second most common fatal type of trauma

penetrating

The _________ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

peripheral

When a person is exposed to a cold environment:

peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

The opening in the center of the iris, which allows light to move to the back of the eye, is called the:

pupil

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, except:

pupillary constriction

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

quadruples

when assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is most important to:

remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:

remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an airbag that did not deploy upon impact, you should:

remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.

The white portion of the eye is called the:

sclera

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours?

skeletal muscle

You should be most suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:

slow

Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for a(n):

spinal column injury

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, except:

systolic blood pressure

You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be most concerned with:

the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally.

Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is most important to recall that:

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where firefighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed, and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be most concerned with:

the potential for airway swelling.

Regardless of the type of tourniquet used, it is important to remember that:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding might return if the tourniquet is released.

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is most important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because:

they may need to call a specialist to see the patient.

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include:

transport to a trauma center.

The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:

waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT's immediate priority should be to:

wear gloves and facial protection.

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.