enclex saunders development stages

A young adult college student begins to throw objects, shout insults, and stamp his feet after an instructor returned his work, noting it was substandard. Using Erikson's theory of personality development, which developmental stage has this individual unsuccessfully mastered?

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

The nurse determines a child is in the "preoperational" phase of Piaget's cognitive developmental theory when the child makes which statement?

"The moon follows me, and goes to bed when I go to bed".

The mother of a 4-year-old who was recently hospitalized brings the child to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The mother tells the nurse that the child has begun to wet the bed and that it started when the child was brought home from the hospital. The mother is concerned and asks the nurse what to do. Which nursing response is appropriate?

"This is a normal occurrence following hospitalization."

A 4-year-old child is hospitalized for severe gastroenteritis. The child is crying and clinging to the mother. The mother becomes very upset and is afraid to leave the child. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate to alleviate the child's fears and the mother's anxiety?

Ask the mother if she would like to stay overnight with the child.

The nurse is providing information to assistive personnel (AP) regarding caring for an older adult. The nurse determines the AP understands the information provided if the AP identifies which situation portrays ageism?

Advising older adults to forgo aggressive treatment

A 16-year-old child is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis, and an appendectomy is performed. Which intervention is most appropriate to facilitate normal growth and development?

Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age group when the condition permits.

An older adult couple requests to room together at a long-term care facility. When some members of the staff question this, the nurse would provide which response?

Although responses may be slower, sexual ability is present in later years of life.

A mother of a 5-year-old child tells the nurse that the child scolds the floor or table if the child hurts herself on the object. The nurse identifies the child as displaying signs of which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Animism

The nurse is collecting data from parents of a 2-year-old child about mealtime activities. The nurse expects a child this age to have attained which ability?

Holds a cup in one hand

The nurse employed in a well-baby clinic is collecting data on the language and communication developmental milestones of a 4-month-old infant. Based on the age of the infant, the nurse expects to note which highest level of developmental milestones?

Babbling sounds

The nursing student is preparing a conference on Freud's psychosexual stages of development, specifically the anal stage. Which appropriately relates to this stage?

Beginning of toilet training

When the nurse is collecting data from the older adult, which findings would be considered normal physiological changes? Select all that apply.

Decline in visual acuity Increased susceptibility to urinary tract infections Increased incidence of awakening after sleep onset

A child remarks, "I share my toys and snacks with my friends so they will like me more." The nurse determines the child is in which stage of moral development?

Good boy-nice girl orientation

The nurse is caring for an older adult and knows that an ethical dilemma is most likely to occur in this population because of which issues? Select all that apply.

Limited vision Chronic illness Lack of assertiveness

A pediatric nurse is caring for a hospitalized toddler. The nurse determines that which play activity would be appropriate for the toddler?

Playing with a push-pull toy

During data collection on a child for a well-child visit, a parent tells the nurse "We have a chore chart at our house. When our child does chores without prompting for 3 days in a row, the child gets an extra 30 minutes of screen time. So far, it seems to be working!" The nurse determines the child's behavior corresponds with which stage of Kohlberg's moral development?

Pre-conventional: Obtaining rewards

In the well-child clinic, the nurse observes an infant, age 10 months, playing with toys, bringing them to his mouth, and passing the toys from one hand to the next. The nurse determines the child is in which Jean Piaget's first developmental stage?

Sensorimotor

The nurse is working with an older client who has a diagnosis of depression. To work most effectively with this client, the nurse recalls that which information is accurate regarding depression and the older client? Select all that apply.

Suicide is a frequent cause of death among the older population. Some indications of dementia may actually originate as depression. Depression in an older person is likely to have physical manifestations.

The parents of a 2-year-old arrive at the hospital to visit their child. The child is in the play room and ignores the parents during the visit. The nurse tells the parents that this behavior in a 2-year-old child indicates which characteristic about the child?

The child is exhibiting a normal pattern.

The nurse has gathered data regarding an older client. The nurse recognizes that which indicator of fluid imbalance is least likely to be reliable for a client in this age group?

Thirst

The nurse is caring for a 8-month-old infant. The nurse determines the child is at the expected developmental level if the child displays which behavior?

Waves bye-bye

The nurse determines a 5-year-old child is in the expected Erikson's psychosocial stage if the child makes which comment?

"I like drawing my mommy pictures with my finger paints."

The nurse provides instructions to a parent of a toddler experiencing physiological anorexia. The nurse determines the need for further teaching if the parent makes which statement?

"I should feed my child if she will not eat."

The nurse determines an adolescent is showing progress toward completing Erikson's psychosocial developmental stages if the adolescent makes which statement?

"I've met people who like that kind of music and we're going to a concert next week."

The mother of a toddler tells the nurse that she has a difficult time getting the child to go to bed at night. The nurse would make which suggestion to the mother?

"Inform the child of bedtime a few minutes before it is time for bed."