Endocrine system
What information would the nurse give the client when the client inquires what makes breast milk production?
Prolactin
A nurse has performed disease prevention teaching with a client who has genital herpes. Which client behavior indicates that the teaching has been successful?
The client washes their hands before and after touching lesions.
The nurse is conducting a health history when a middle-aged client states that her last menstrual period was 6 months ago. Upon further questioning, the client also states that symptoms of hot flashes and mood fluctuations. Which question should the nurse ask next?
"Are you taking any hormone replacement therapy?"
The nurse is providing information about foot care to a client with diabetes. Which of the following would the nurse include?
"Be sure to apply a moisturizer to feet daily."
When referred to a podiatrist, a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus asks, "Why do you need to check my feet when I'm having a problem with my blood sugar?" The nurse's most helpful response to this statement is:
"Diabetes can affect sensation in your feet and you can hurt yourself without realizing it.
A controlled type 2 diabetic client states, "The doctor said if my blood sugars remain stable, I may not need to take any medication." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
"Diet, exercise, and weight loss can eliminate the need for medication."
A client with Cushing syndrome is admitted to the hospital. During the initial assessment, the client tells the nurse, "The worst thing about this disease is how awful I look. I want to cry every time I look in the mirror." Which statements by the nurse is the best response?
"If treated successfully, the major physical changes will disappear with time."
A nursing student asks the instructor why the pituitary gland is called the "master gland." What is the best response by the instructor?
"It regulates the function of other endocrine glands."
Which would be included in the teaching plan for a client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus?
An elevated blood glucose concentration contributes to complications of diabetes, such as diminished vision.
The nurse is assisting a 30-year-old client in scheduling an appointment for a cervical biopsy. The nurse would recommend that the client schedule the testing at which time?
1 week after completion of the client's menstrual cycle
The nurse educator is planning a health promotion class with a focus on sexually transmitted infections. What points regarding risk factors for chlamydia and gonorrhea should the nurse educator include? Select all that apply.
1. "Your chances of contracting these infections are higher the more sexual partners you have." 2. "Young adults and teenagers are a high-risk age group for both these infections."
A patient is having diagnostic testing for suspected hyperthyroidism. Which of the following diagnostics correlate with this endocrine disorder? Select all that apply.
1. Decrease in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 2. Increased T3 3. Increased T4 4. Increase in radioactive iodine uptake.
Lately, a 75-year-old client is having difficulty emptying their bladder. They are unable to empty completely and yet it feels full, causing discomfort. The physician suspects prostate cancer. Which question(s) would you expect the physician to ask the client? Select all that apply.
1. Do you pass blood in your urine?" 2. "Do you have difficulty urinating?" 3. "Do you have a family history of prostate cancer?"
A nurse is educating a client about the benefits of fruit versus fruit juice in the diabetic diet. The client states, "What difference does it make if you drink the juice or eat the fruit? It is all the same." What are the best responses by the nurse? Select all that apply.
1."Eating the fruit instead of drinking juice decreases the glycemic index by slowing absorption." 2. "The fruit has less sugar than the juice."
Your client's noon blood glucose level with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is 255 mg/dl. The physician orders a sliding scale insulin regimen based on the client's blood glucose. The order reads: " Give regular insulin SubQ using the following scale." How many units will you give? 0-140 mg/dL--None 141-200 mg/dL--2 units 201-250 mg/dL--4 units 251-300 mg/dL--6 units 301-350 mg/dL--8 units 351--400 mg/dl--10 units > 400--notify MD
6 units
A client with diabetes comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse reviews the client's glycosylated hemoglobin test results. Which result would indicate to the nurse that the client's blood glucose level has been well controlled?
6.5%
A suspicious breast lump is noted on a mammogram. The client asks the nurse which diagnostic test confirms if the lump is cancerous or benign. Which response by the nurse is most correct?
A biopsy
A nurse understands that for the parathyroid hormone to exert its effect, what must be present?
Adequate vitamin D level
Which of the following is the primary hormone for the long-term regulation of sodium balance?
Aldosterone
Your client is a 72-year-old male who has just undergone a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and is returned to the nursing unit with a 3-way catheter for administering bladder irrigation. Your client complains of bladder discomfort and a feeling or urgency to void, Which nursing action is best to take first?
Check that the urinary drainage catheter is patent and not kinked.
An instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of students about reproductive structures and sexual arousal. Which female reproductive structure would the instructor include?
The clitoris
A group of nursing students are doing a presentation on hormones. What hormone would the presentation show regulates the metabolic rate and influences the growth and development of the body?
Thyroid hormone
A culture indicates that your client has nonspecific urethritis from Chlamydia Trachomatis, a sexually transmitted infection. Which nursing instruction is best to provide to the client to prevent a recurrence of the infection?
Encourage your sexual partners to be tested and treated.
Which is a clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus?
Excessive thirst
A client is experiencing an increase in blood glucose levels. The nurse understands that which of the following hormones would be important in lowering the client's blood glucose level?
Insulin
While the nurse is recording the health history of a client who is scheduled for a thyroid test, the client informs the nurse about an allergy to seafood. What is the nurse's most appropriate response?
Document the allergy and inform the physician.
A group of students is reviewing material about endocrine system function. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as secreted by the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine
A patient is noted to be anemic. Which hormone will affect the development of red blood cells in this patient?
Erythropoietin
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes who developed hypoglycemia. What can the nurse administer to the client to raise the blood sugar level?
Glucagon
A nurse is preparing to discharge a client with coronary artery disease and hypertension who is at risk for type 2 diabetes. Which information is important to include in the discharge teaching?
How to control blood glucose through lifestyle modification with diet and exercise.
The nurse is instructing an adolescent who is not sexually active on potential vaccinations available. Which vaccination would the nurse state that decreases the risk of cervical cancer?
Human papilloma viral (HPV)
The nurse is relating health education to students when asked where sperm is actually made. Which location is most correct?
In the testes within the scrotum
A nurse presenting an educational event for a local community group is addressing premenstrual syndrome (PMS). What treatment guideline should the nurse teach this group?
Increase the frequency and intensity of exercise.
The nurse understands that a single dose of azithromycin as treatment for a chlamydia infection is prescribed by the health care provider for what reason?
It can be administered to the client at the health care provider's office.
A nurse teaches a client with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism about the need for thyroid hormone replacement therapy to restore normal thyroid function. Which thyroid preparation is the agent of choice for thyroid hormone replacement therapy?
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Which of the following hormones causes the ovary to release an ovum during ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
After teaching a group of adolescent girls about female reproductive development, the nurse determines that teaching was successful when the girls state that menarche is defined as a woman's first:
Menstrual period
A client has a dysfunction in one of his glands that is causing a decrease in the level of calcium in the blood. What gland should be evaluated for dysfunction?
Parathyroid gland
An older adult patient that has type 2 diabetes comes to the emergency department with second-degree burns to the bottom of both feet and states, "I didn't feel too hot but my feet must have been too close to the heater." What does the nurse understand is most likely the reason for the decrease in temperature sensation?
Peripheral neuropathy
ADH is secreted by which gland?
Posterior pituitary
A client presents with symptoms of menstrual difficulties and infertility. Which hormone is essential in the maintenance of the endometrium?
Progesterone
A 16-year-old girl has been diagnosed with gonorrhea and chlamydia and has been given a one-time IM dose of Recephin and a prescrition for doxycycline for 7 days to treat the chlamydia. Before leaving the clinic asks the nurse, "When can I be certain that I am no longer infectious?" The nurse correctly advises the client that she is still considered infectious until which time?
She has a negative culture taken after being off antibiotics for at least 7 days.
A nurse explains to a client with thyroid disease that the thyroid gland normally produces:
T3, thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin.
The nurse is caring for a client with an immunodeficiency disorder. Lab results show that the client does not have an adequate number of T lymphocytes needed to improve immune function. Which gland should be investigated for dysfunction?
Thymus
A teenage male client has not developed facial hair, a deeper voice, or other secondary sex characteristics. What hormone would the nurse expect would be checked for this client?
Testosterone
The greatest percentage of people have which type of diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes
A client is being admitted for suspected toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to determine?
Use of superabsorbent tampons
The nurse is caring for a male patient with gonorrhea. The patient asks how he can reduce his risk of contracting another sexually transmitted infection (STI). The nurse should instruct the patient to do which of the following?
Wear a condom every time he has intercourse.
The nurse is instructing a couple in the early stages of infertility testing who has just found that the male has a slightly low sperm count. Which easy change can a nurse suggest to a male client?
Wear loose fitting underwear instead of tight ones.
A client with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is admitted to the metabolic unit. The primary goal for this admission is education. Which goal should the nurse incorporate into her teaching plan?
Weight reduction through diet and exercise
A client is scheduled to have her first Pap test and asks the nurse why this test is necessary. The nurse should tell the client that this test is used to detect early cancer of the:
cervix.
The nurse is educating a couple who has had difficulty with conception. The client asks about the hormone, which is responsible for the production of eggs. The nurse answers that this hormone is called:
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
The nurse is completing discharge teaching with a client with hyperthyroidism who has been treated with radioactive iodine at an outpatient clinic. The nurse instructs the client to
monitor for symptoms of hypothyroidism.
A client seeks treatment for disturbed sleep cycles and depressed mood. Which gland and hormone are involved in regulating sleep cycles and mood?
pineal gland; melatonin
A client visits the physician's office complaining of agitation, restlessness, and weight loss. The physical examination reveals exophthalmos, a classic sign of Graves' disease. Based on history and physical findings, the nurse suspects hyperthyroidism. Exophthalmos is characterized by:
protruding eyes and a fixed stare.
