Energy

What type of energy does friction produce ?

Friction produces kinetic energy.

Explain why thermal conductors transfer energy easily. Explain why thermal insulators transfer energy slowly.

Thermal conductors transfer energy easily because the electrons transfer thermal and kinetic energy when they collide with other electrons and atoms. Thermal insulators transfer energy slowly because fewer collisions occur between electrons and atoms.

Contrast thermal energy and temperature.

Thermal energy is the sum of the kinetic e ergo and the potential energy of the particles in a material. While temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material.

Describe two ways that you could increase the potential energy of a ball rolling down a hill.

Two ways you can increase the potential energy by increasing the height and distance.

Define conduction. What type of matter can conduction transfer through ? Why ?

Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy due to collisions between particles. Conduction can transfer through liquids. The particles that make up air collide with and transfer kinetic energy to the particles that make up the object.

What is temperature ?

Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material.

State the law of conservation of energy. What is true about the total amount of energy in the universe.

The law states that energy can be transformed from one form into another but can't be created or destroyed. The total amount of energy in the universe says that the total amount of energy never changes.

Explain why the liquid rose in the hand boiler. Discuss the kinetic and potential energy of the particles. Why did it go up ? Why did it go back down ? What does density have to do with what happened ?

The liquid rose in the hand boiler because the heat increased the waters volume and made it more dense. Water molecules at the waters surface transfers thermal energy into the air. The denser water sinks to the bottom leaving the less dense water to rise to the surface. It went down becuase all the water in the beaker was now the same temperature.

As friction turns kinetic energy into thermal, what happens to the total amount of energy?

The total amount of energy increases.

Define thermal contraction and explain why it occurs: discuss the particle movement and distance.

Thermal contraction is a decrease in a materials volume when the temperature is increased. It occurs when thermal energy transfers from the particles that make up the air inside of the object to the particles that make up the object and then to the cold air that is outside. As the particles that make up the air in the object lose thermal energy, which includes kinetic energy, they slow down and get closer together. That causes the volume of the balloon to decrease.

What is thermal energy ? What are two ways that it can be increased ?

Thermal energy is the sum of kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles that make up an object. It can be increased by increasing kinetic and potential energy.

Describe thermal energy

Thermal energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles that make up an object. Turns warm items to cold.

Contrast thermal conductors and thermal insulators.

A thermal conductor is a material through which thermal energy flows quickly. While a thermal insulators is a material through which thermal energy flows slowly.

What is chemical potential energy ? Give an example. How is it released ?

Chemical potential energy is energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms. When we eat anything we are breaking down chemicals. It's released when chemical reactions occur.

Define convection. What type of matter can convection transfer through ? Why ?

Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another. Convection can transfer through liquids and gases. Particles made of liquids and gases move easily and transfer thermal energy easily.

Define specific heat.

Specific heat is the amount of thermal energy it takes to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 degree Celsius.

What is elastic potential energy ? Give an example.

Elastic potential energy is stored energy in objects that are compressed or stretched. When stretching a rubber band the more you stretch the greater the impact.

Describe electric energy

Electric energy is energy carried by an electric current. Radiant, light, empty space, or visual lights.

What is energy ? Give two definitions

Energy is the ability to cause change. Energy is the strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity.

What is the freezing and boiling point for the Fahrenheit scale ? The clerics scale ? What does absolute zero on the Kelvin scale represent ?

Fahrenheit scale the boiling point is 212 degrees and the freezing point is 32 degrees. For the Celsius scale the boiling point is 100 degrees and the freezing point is 0 degrees. Absolute zero on the Kelvin scale means particles are no longer moving and they no longer have kinetic energy.

What is gravitational potential energy ? Give an example. How can you increase it ?

Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored between the object and earth. You can increase it by increasing the height. If you drop a bowling ball and a tennis ball at the same height the tennis ball will have a greater change.

What is kinetic energy ? What two factors does it depend on ?

Kinetic energy is the energy due to motion. It depends on speed and mass.

Describe mechanical energy.

Mechanical energy is the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy in a system. Total energy of a group of objects.

Describe nuclear energy

Nuclear energy is energy stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom. Fused or split.

What is potential energy ? What two factors does it depend on ?

Potential energy is stored energy due to the interactions between objects or particles. It depends on mass and distance.

In the example of a ball rolling down a hill, where is potential energy the greatest? Where is kinetic energy the greatest? What is true about the sum of potential and kinetic energy at any point?

Potential energy is the greatest at the top of the hill. The kinetic energy is the greatest as it gets closer to the bottom of the hill. The sum of kinetic and potential every is mechanical energy that doesn't change.

Describe radiant energy

Radiant energy is energy carried by an electromagnetic wave. Light energy.

Define radiation. What type of matter can radiation transfer through ? Does it require matter to be present in order to transfer thermal energy ?

Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves. Radiation can transfer through solids, liquids, and gases. It does require matter to be present in order to transfer thermal energy.

Describe sound energy

Sound energy is energy carried by sound waves. Produced by vibration.

Define thermal expansion and explain why it occurs : discuss the particle movement and distance.

Thermal expansions is the increase in a materials volume when the temperature is increased. It occurs when the particles that make up hot air transfer thermal energy, which includes thermal energy, to the particles that make up the air outside the object. As the average kinetic energy of the particles increases they speed up and spread out increasing the volume inside the object.

What are three ways energy is transferred ?

Three ways energy is transferred is by radiation, conduction, and convention.

Waste energy is what type of energy? Why is it called waste energy?

Waste energy is unused thermal energy. It's called waste energy becuase it isn't used.

What is heat ? What does the rate of heating depend on ? When does heating stop ?

What is the movement of thermal energy from a warm to a cool object. The rate of heating depends on the difference of the temperature between 2 objects. Heating stops once all objects in contact are the same temperature.

Describe the energy transformations that take place as you roll a ball down a hill. What is true about the total energy at any point in the balls movement?

When the ball is at the top of the hill it is at its highest potential energy point. As it rolls down the potential energy turns into kinetic energy. When it's near the bottom of the hill it's at its highest kinetic energy point. When it stops it's at its lowest potential energy point. The total energy of the balls movement decreases and it descends.

What kind of energy transformations take place when you turn on a lamp, burn a log, eat an apple, a plant undergoes photosynthesis, and when you turn on a heater ?

When you turn on a lamp it's electric energy changing into radiant energy and thermal energy. When you turn on a heater it's electric energy turning into thermal energy. When you burn a log it's chemical energy turning into thermal energy. When you eat an apple it's chemical energy being used. When a plant undergoes photosynthesis the sun's radiant energy turns into chemical energy.

What is work and how does it relate to energy ? How can you tell if work was done ?

Work is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance. It relates to energy because you are causing a change. You can tell if work is done when a moving object touches another object and it moves as well.