Energy in Chemical reactions

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scale

a series of marks and numbers that is used for measurement

in what type of reaction or process does heat flow into the system

endothermic

electromagnetic energy

energy associated with electric fields, magnetic fields, and electromagnetic radiation

joule

the SI unit of energy

molar heat of fusion

the amount of heat required to melt one mole of a substance

which event is endothermic

the melting of ice

the part of total internal energy that can be transferred

thermal energy

which shows the formula for converting from degrees celsius to degrees fahrenheit

*F=(9/5 x *C)+32

carmen is heating some water and trying to measure the temperature of water using a celsius thermometer. which measurement can she expect once the water begins to boi

100*C

which statement defines calorimeter

a device that measures the heat that is gained or lost in a chemical change

calorimeter

a device used to measure the heat absorbed or evolved during a physical or chemical change

conduction

a heat transfer that involved direct contact between two substances so there can be collisions between molecules

hess's law

a law that states that if a series of reactions are combined, the enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual reactions

enthalpy (H)

a measure of heat and internal energy in a system

temperature

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

what is the definition of entropy

a measure of the overall disorder of a system

which is the best example of how electromagnetic energy is used in everyday life

a patient receiving an x-ray in a hospital

which answer defines exothermic reaction

a process in which energy is released as heat

state function

a quantity whose change in magnitude during a process depends only on the beginning and end points of the process, not on the path taken between them

open system

a system that can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings

closed system

a system that can exchange energy, but not matter, with its surroundings

absolute zero

a theoretical temperature at which the motion of all atoms and molecules stops

what scientific tool would be the most helpful when measuring the temperature of a substance that is undergoing a phase change

a thermometer

thermometer

a tool used to measure temperature

calorie

a unit of energy eqal to 4.18 J

the coldest possible temperature

absolute zero

how does the potential-energy diagram for a reaction indicate whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic

an endothermic reaction has reactants that are lower in energy than products because energy is absorbed to form the products

which type of reaction is always spontaneous

an exothermic reaction that has an increase in disorder

how should the baking of a pizza be categorized

as an endothermic process because the dough absorbs heat

iron reacts with oxygen in a chemical hand-warmer. how should this reaction be categorized

as an exothermic process because it releases heat

an ice cube is dropped into a glass of milk at 20*C. which statement explains the transfer of kinetic energy (KE)

because milk has higher KE than ice, KE is transferred from the milk to the molecules of ice

digby wants to determine how many calories are his bag of chips. which calorimeter should he use

bomb calorimeter

a welding torch produces a flame by burning acetylene fuel in the presence of oxygen. this flame is used to melt a metal. which energy transformation represents this process

chemical energy into thermal energy

old photographic flashbulbs burn magnesium metal in a reaction that causes a flash of brilliant white light. a photographer would need to take care not to suffer burned fingers when trying to replace the hot bulb. what best identifies the energy transformation that occurs in the flashbulb

chemical energy to electromagnetic energy and thermal energy

juan measured the temperature of salt water. he then added 273 to the measured value. which conversion is juan most likely doing

degrees celsius to kelvins

endothermic

describing a process that involves the absorption of energy from the surroundings by substances undergoing change

exothermic

describing a process that involves the release of energy into the surroundings by substances undergoing change

when ammonium chloride is dissolved in water, the beaker gets cold. which type of reaction does this describe

endothermic

which statement describes the law of conservation of energy

energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but it changes from one form to another

which energy changes are associated with a liquid freezing

energy is released as potential energy decreases

which statement is correct about the law of conservation of energy

energy is transferred when atoms are rearranged

chemical energy

energy stored in chemical bonds

energy (2)

energy that flows from a warmer object or substance to a cooler object or substance

a metal sample is heated and placed into water in a calorimeter at room temperature. which statement best describes how the calorimeter can be used to determine the specific heat capacity of the metal sample

energy transfers from the metal to the water and calorimeter until they all reach a single temperature

two metal blocks that have slightly different temperatures are placed next to one another. after five minutes, they both have lower but equal temperatures. according to the law of conservation of energy, what most likely happened

energy was transferred from the warmer block to the cooler block

according to the law of conservation of energy, what will most likely happen in a closed system

energy will be exchanged, but matter will not exchanged

the specific heat of water is 4.18 J/(g*C) and that of wood is 1.97 J/(g*C). which statement is correct

given equal masses, water will heat up less than wood if the same heat is added

energy that flows from a warmer object or substance to a cooler object or substance

heat

which is the best example of potential energy

holding a basketball in the air

the sum of potential and kinetic energies in the particles of a substance is called ____ energy

internal

chemical energy in burning wood is changed into thermal energy. the thermal energy is absorbed by water, which boils to produce steam. the thermal energy is changed into kinetic energy in the moving steam. the kinetic energy is used to turn a turbine, which converts the kinetic energy into electricity. which sentence best describes this system

it involves both energy transformation and energy transfer

when two intermediate chemical equations are combined, the same substance that appears in the same phase can be canceled out provided that

it is a reactant in one intermediate reaction and a product in the other

which describes the enthalpy change associated with an endothermic reaction

it is positive because the enthalpy of the products is greater than the enthalpy of the reactants

which statement about /\Hf is true

it is positive when the bonds of the product store more energy than those of reactants

which best describes thermal energy

it is the portion of internal energy that can be transferred from one substance to another

which statement describes how a basic coffee cup calorimeter works

it uses the mass and specific heat of water along with a thermometer to measure the gain or loss of energy when a substance is added

how is kinetic energy of the particles of a substance affected during a phase change

kinetic energy doesn't change but the potential energy does

what happens to energy when sally kicks a soccer ball

kinetic energy is transferred from the leg to the soccer ball

what type of energy is the sum of an object's potential and kinetic energy

mechanical energy

a generator contains a coil that spins to produce an electric current. how is energy transformed by using a generator

mechanical energy is transformed to electromagnetic energy

which term is used to describe the amount of heat that is required to convert 1 mol of a liquid to a gas

molar heat of vaporization

a baker touches a pie right after taking it out of the oven. which statement best explains why the pie feels hot

molecules in the pie move faster than molecules in the skin, so heat is transferred to the skin

which of these results in kinetic energy of an object

motion

how should the enthalpy of an intermediate step be manipulated when used to produce an overall chemical

multiply the enthalpy by -1 if the chemical equation is reversed

heat that flows by conduction is the transfer of thermal energy between substances in contact. what must occur for this to happen

one system must have higher kinetic energy than the other system

when an object falls toward the ground due to gravity, what type of energy becomes kinetic energy

potential

during an endothermic phase change, what happens to the potential energy and the kinetic energy

potential energy increases and kinetic energy stays the same

which statement describes spontaneous processes

proceed without continuous external influence and have an overall negative free energy change

which statement about spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes is correct

spontaneous processes are favored by a decrease in /\H, but nonspontaneous reactions are favored by an increase in /\H

which process is spontaneous

spreading of a strong fragrance of perfume in a room

which defines the average kinetic energy of a system's particles

temperature

energy

the ability to do work or cause change

molar heat of vaporization

the amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a substance

two samples of carbon come into contact. a heat transfer will occur between sample A and sample B. what must be true for heat to transfer from sample A to sample B

the average energy of A is greater than that of B

the temperature of a gas is increase. which statement best explains the effect that this has on the motion of gas particles

the average kinetic energy increases, and the particles collide more frequently

thermochemical equation

the chemical equation that shows the state of each substance involved and the energy change involved in a reaction

enthalpy of reaction

the energy absorbed or released during a chemical reaction

enthalpy of formation

the energy absorbed or released when a pure substance forms from elements in their standard states

kinetic energy

the energy associated with movement

potential energy

the energy associated with position

enthalpy of combustion

the enthalpy of reaction for a combustion reaction, typically of a hydrocarbon

thermal energy

the kinetic energies of the molecules making up a substance

law of conservation of mass

the law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can change from one form to another

which of these indicates that a liquid has transferred thermal energy to the air

the liquid decreases in temperature and its particles lose kinetic energy

a thermometer is placed in water in order to measure the water's temperature. what would cause the liquid in the thermometer to rise

the molecules in the thermometer's liquid spread apart

standard state

the natural state of an element at 1 atm and 25*C

a book is falling from the top shelf of a bookcase, which statement correctly describes the change in the energy of the book

the potential energy decreases as kinetic energy increases

heat capacity

the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of a given sample of a substance by one degree celsius (kelvin)

specific heat capacity

the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree celsius (kelvin) at constant pressure

which statement defines specific heat capacity for a given sample

the quantity of heat that is required to raise 1 g of the sample by 1*C (kelvin) at a constant pressure

which statement defines the heat capacity of a sample

the quantity of heat that is required to raise the sample's temperature by 1*C (or Kelvin)

which statement is true if the /\Hrxn of a reaction is positive

the reaction is endothermic

mechanical energy

the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of an object

which statement describes a system that consists of sugar crystals in water

the system becomes more disordered and has an increase in entropy

what is enthalpy

the total heat content of the system

internal energy

the total potential and kinetic energies of the particles in a substance

heat

the transfer of kinetic energy between molecules as faster-moving molecules collide with slower-moving molecules

heat (1)

the transfer of kinetic energy between molecules as faster-moving molecules collide with slower-moving molecules

which statement describes mechanical energy

the type of energy that is associated with electromagnetic radiation

calorimetry

the use of a calorimeter to measure energy given off or absorbed during a physical or chemical process

what causes the air above a pot of boiling water to become warm

the water vapor transfers thermal energy to the air

energy that can flow as heat

thermal energy

convert

to change from one form to another

which process involves a decrease in entropy

water freezing into ice

which shows the temperatures of three substances, in order, from greatest to least

water vapor, water, ice


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