ENG 170 final

negative definition

Definition by negation, showing what something is by explaining what something is not

MLA

Modern Language Association

summarize

a broad overview, often of an entire text or a large piece of text; requires the authors last name, or, if no author, the title of the work

denotation

a dictionary style definition of a word

paraphrase

a passage, usually not longer than a paragraph, of someone else's ideas put into your own words; requires the author's last name, and, if available, the page number

Rogerian Argument

a structure that seeks to identify the problem, understanding the audience, and ultimately build a proposal by seeking common ground between rhetorician and audience

copia

abundance of style

reference work

an informational text that's meant to provide quick access for general information about a topic. dictionaries, encyclopedias, textbooks

definitional argument

analyzing what a term/ concept means and its consequences

slippery slope

arguing that a course of action will unleash uncontrollable destruction

bandwagon fallacy

assuming that because something is popular it is also good, true, and/ or right

objective description

based on personal perspective, feelings, and individual interpretation

synthesis

bringing texts into conversation with each other; showing that you, as the writer, are mediating the conversation; they say/ I say

demographics

descriptions of audience characteristics

audience analysis

determining the audience's knowledge and attitude about a topic and their expectations of the rhetorician and the argument

DOI

digital object identifier, used as a unique, permanent link to a text. considered more secure than a hyperlink and should be cited when available

rhetoric

discerning the available means of persuasion in any given situation

post hoc ergo propter hoc

drawing conclusions about causes because one event follows another; also known as if this, then that

appeal to pity

emotional manipulation that is not relevant to argument

rhetorical appeals

ethos (credibility, authorship, and authority), pathos (the values and emotions), and logos (the use of logic)

works cited

formal list of citations at the end of an essay

parenthetical citiations

in- text citations that must match the first term of the Works Cited entry to which it refers

plagarism

intentionally or unintentionally misrepresenting work as your original ideas unique to that course

enumeration

listing qualities to establish a definition

appeal to authority

over-relying authority without logic or evidence; making arguments outside of the scope of one's authority

stasis theory

part of the rhetorical process of invention (brainstorming); four stages (facts, definition, evaluation, proposal) that are intended to move the audience through the argument and reach agreement

false binary

providing either/ or situation when there are other possibilities; also known as black-and-white thinking or the false dichotomy

hasty gerneralation

reaching a broad conclusion based on a single example or insufficient evidence

Kenneth Burke's Parlor Metaphor

research as participating in an ongoing conversation

neotony

retaining juvenile characteristics into aulthood

peer-reviewed

scholarly work that is evaluated by professional colleagues, often "blindly", to maintain accuracy and rigor

kairos

seizing the moment, opportunity for an argument

scope

setting the boundaries of an argument; establishing a disciplinary framework or lens

Straw Man Argument

setting up a weak argument that's easy to defeat without dealing with the issue's complexity

exemplification

showing vs. telling, using examples to illustrate a point

criteria

specific traits within the category of scope to further refine the argument

secondary source

texts about the original piece of work

MLA vs APA

the first is more author- and text- focused; the second is more focused on dates and currency

rhetorician

the good person speaking well

connotation

the larger context around what a word means by considering what it signifies

perspective/ point of view

the position from which a story is told; first person narration uses "I" third- person limited uses a narrator who sees all the characters' actions; third-person omniscient uses a narrator who sees all the characters' actions and thoughts

rhetorical triangle

the relationship between rhetorical appeals

primary source

the text that is being analyzed; the original research

rhetorical situation

thesis (the main argument), purpose (to inform, entertain, and/or persuade), audience (the intended receivers of the message), and exigency (why it matters, the urgency)

popular, professional/ trade, scholarly

types of sources that are named based on the intended audience; moving from the general to specific

red herring

used as a distraction to avert the conversation from the actual terms of the argument

definition by analogy

using "x is like" structure to show how two terms are related and how they might overlap

quote

using another author's words, when you can't say it better yourself (it's significant, or pithy, or filled with technical language); requires the author's last name, and, if available, the page number

sensory detail

using description of the five senses to engage the reader

definition by example

using exemplification to illustrate the meaning of a term/ concept

circular reasoning

using the evidence as the grounds for the argument; an argument that reaches no conclusion