ENG2 Final Exam

Pathos

Appeal to Emotions

Ethos

Appeal to Ethics (Trustworthy)

Logos

Appeal to Logic

personification

a figure of speech in which human characteristics are attributed to animals, plants, inanimate objects, natural forces, or abstract ideas. Example: d. A host of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze

oxymoron

a figure of speech in which two contradictory words are combined in a single expression. Example: k. O heavy lightness! Serious vanity!

simile

a figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" or "as if" to compare two essentially different objects, actions, or attributes. Example: a. The muscles on his brawny arms are strong as iron bands.

pun

a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word Example: n. When Mercutio begs Romeo to dance, Romeo refuses. Unlike Mercutio's shoes with "nimble soles," Romeo says that he has a "soul of lead."

allusion

a reference to historical or fictional characters, places, or events, or to other works that the writer assumes the reader will recognize. Example: m. Christy didn't like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities.

metaphor

an implied comparison in which one thing is directly compared to or identified with another, dissimilar thing without using "like" or "as". Example: b. America is a melting pot of cultures

symbol

anything, usually something concrete or tangible that signifies or represents something else, usually something abstract. Example: l. A heart means love.

foreshadowing

be a warning or indication of (a future event) Example: p. The event of Carlson shooting Candy's dog set before George kills Lennie at the end of the story

imagery

description or sensory details that appeal to the five senses and creates "pictures in words." Includes figurative language. Example: g. Now droops the milk-white peacock like a ghost, And like a ghost she glimmers on to me.

Mood

emotional effect that the text creates for the audience

hyperbole

obvious exaggeration or overstatement meant to create humor or emphasis. Example: f. She repeated her story on a million occasions.

Tone

speaker's attitude about topic in the text

connotation

the associations, images, emotions, or impressions carried by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning. Example: i. Real estate agents use the word "home" to make a house look more attractive by making the potential buyers think of privacy, intimacy, and coziness.

irony

the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. Example: o. Behind him walked his opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face...and he walked heavily.... George said, "His name's Lennie Small."

denotation

the precise, literal meaning of a word without emotional associations or overtones. Example: h. House: a building for human habitation, esp. one that is lived in by a family or small group of people.

alliteration

the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words to create a melody, establish a mood, or call attention to important words. Example: c. We were wide-eyed and wondering while we waited for others to waken.

rhyme

the similarity of sounds between two or more words; letters of the alphabet identify rhyme scheme (e.g. abab, cdcd, ff). Example: j. Tiger, tiger burning bright in the forest of the night

onomatopoeia

the use of words that mimic or imitate sounds; appeals to auditory (hearing) sense; bring description to life. Example: e. The burning wood hissed and crackled.