Engaging Community Health (custom ATI)

A community health nurse is educating a client about the implications of a false negative result of a screening test. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of a false negative screening? a. "If I have a false negative screening, I may miss the opportunity for early treatment." b. "If I have a false negative screening, I may experience undue worry." c. "If I have a false negative screening, I may undergo unnecessary treatment." d. "If I have a false negative screening, I'll likely need more extensive testing."

a. "If I have a false negative screening, I may miss the opportunity for early treatment." When evaluating outcomes, the nurse should recognize that this statement by the client indicates an understanding that missed opportunity for early treatment is associated with false negative screening. b. Undue worry may be associated with a client who has a false positive screening. c. Unnecessary treatment is associated with false positive screening. d. More invasive testing is associated with false positive screening.

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a client who is being enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "The survey will take an hour to complete and then I'll be done." b. "The study will last for 10 years. You will contact me annually for an interview and blood work." c. "I will not know if I am going to be in the intervention or control group." d. "You'll need to find other participants like me but who do not have this disease."

a. "The survey will take an hour to complete and then I'll be done." When evaluating outcomes, the nurse should recognize that this statement by the client indicates understanding of a cross-sectional study in which data is collected to provide a point in time snapshot of a given population. b. This statement by the client describes aspects of a cohort study in which participants are asked to answer questions or submit blood or urine samples at regular intervals. c. This statement by the client describes aspects of a randomized controlled trial in which clients are randomly assigned to either a control or treatment group. d. This statement by the client describes aspects of a case-control study in which clients are matched with control participants who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease.

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a group of adults preparing for a trip to Zambia, where malaria is endemic. Which of the following statements by a group member indicates an understanding of the environmental element of the epidemiologic triangle? a. "We should empty sources of standing water to prevent mosquitos from multiplying." b. "We will take our antimalarial mediations as directed." c. "We will make sure to wear long sleeve shirts and long pants." d. "We will use mosquito repellant daily."

a. "We should empty sources of standing water to prevent mosquitos from multiplying." When taking action to provide teaching about standing water, the nurse's recommendations should reflect the effects on the environment that supports the agent. Emptying standing water prevents mosquitos from multiplying and is an environmental control. b. Antimalarial medications kill the agent. An antimalarial medication will destroy the agent that causes the disease in the host on the environmental triangle. c. Wearing long sleeve shirts and long pants makes the host less susceptible to mosquito bites. The host is the organism that harbors the disease on the environmental triangle. d. Mosquito repellant targets the vector. The mosquito repellent may manipulate the causative factor on the environmental triangle.

A nurse is discussing major health organizations with a group of newly hired nurses. Which of the following organizations should the nurse describe as widely recognized for managing the U.S. blood supply? a. American Red Cross b. Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) c. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Commissioned Corps d. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

a. American Red Cross The American Red Cross is recognized as the organization that manages the U.S. blood supply. b. OSHA is recognized as the organization that maintains workplace safety. c. The USPHS Commissioned Corps is a uniformed service that is recognized for providing direct care to specific populations. d. AHRQ is recognized as the organization that provides evidence to improve the quality of health care services.

A nurse is working with a group of clients who are all members of vulnerable populations. Which of the following clients should the nurse assist first? a. An older adult client who is living below the poverty line and has no means of transportation. b. A client who received an unemployment notice today and has five children. c. A 2-year-old child whose guardians do not have health insurance. d. A pregnant adolescent who is living with their parents and has financial support.

a. An older adult client who is living below the poverty line and has no means of transportation. The greatest risk to this client is most vulnerable because of their age and condition; therefore, the nurse should assist the client with meeting their basic needs. An older adult client who is living below the poverty line and has no means of transportation cannot easily access food and health care services, In addition, they may be socially isolated as a result of limited resources and social interaction. Further risk assessment is needed. b. The nurse should identify that this client is vulnerable because condition; however, there is another client that the nurse should assist first. A recently unemployed client can receive potential income through unemployment and should be eligible for food stamps, WIC, and other services through Temporary Assistance for Families in Need programs. Therefore, there is another client the nurse should assist first. c. The nurse should identify that this client is vulnerable because of their age and condition; however, there is another client that the nurse should assist first. A 2-year-old child is at risk for accidental injury due to natural play and exploration. Lack of health insurance can place the family in financial hardship should an emergency occur and can limit access to well-child care. However, there is another client the nurse should assist first. d. The nurse should identify that this client is vulnerable because of their age and condition; however, there is another client that the nurse should assist first. A pregnant adolescent is considered high-risk for complications and not finishing school. However, there is another client the nurse should assist first.

A nurse in a primary care clinic is caring for a 30-year-old client who is reporting chronic back pain. Which of the following is an important part of a risk assessment for violence in this person's life? a. Ask the client to complete the intimate partner violence screening questionnaire when they are in the exam room b. Provide the client with reading materials on how to care for lower back pain c. Provide them with information on the local YMCA gym d. Provide the client with information on ways to avoid use of pain medications

a. Ask the client to complete the intimate partner violence screening questionnaire when they are in the exam room People who have experienced violence are more likely to have health problems later in life including chronic pain, gastrointestinal problems, depression, and substance abuse. b, c, & d: this is useful information, but does NOT address the client's risks for past or current abuse

A community-based nurse in a pulmonary clinic is developing a care plan for a client who smokes. Which of the following might the nurse include in the plan if the client is in the preparation phase of the Transtheoretical Model? a. Identify a support system to prevent the client from giving into the urge to smoke. b. Console the client for smoking a cigarette after having quit smoking 4 months ago. c. Teach the client who refuses to quit smoking about fire safety and cigarette smoking. d. Give literature to the client who has expressed wanting to quit but is not yet ready to do so.

a. Identify a support system to prevent the client from giving into the urge to smoke. If a nurse is developing a plan of action for behavioral change, then the client is in the preparation stage. b. Consoling a client about returning to old behaviors while trying to adopt a new one takes place during the maintenance stage . c. A client who is not willing to change is in the precontemplation stage. d. When a client isn't quite ready to adopt a healthier behavior, they are in the contemplative stage.

A nurse is planning a presentation at a local public health conference about the relationship between quality education and health outcomes. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the presentation? a. Individuals who attain a quality education increase the likelihood of obtaining a job that pays a living wage. b. Individuals who desire a quality education are required to purchase healthy lunches at school. c. With a quality education, clients have increased access to virtual visits with primary care physicians. d. Quality education includes coverage for some medical expenses.

a. Individuals who attain a quality education increase the likelihood of obtaining a job that pays a living wage. A quality education is an education that meets national standards and benchmarks for students. A quality education provides an increased likelihood of obtaining a job that pays a living wage, increases the opportunity to obtain health care insurance, and can lead to improved health outcomes. b. Quality education is one that meets national standards and benchmarking for students. Although awareness of what a healthy diet entails is a desired outcome for the client, consuming a healthy diet is not a requirement for participation in a quality education program. c. Clients can access patient portals and virtual visits depending on their health insurance and health care provider. It does not specifically relate to the quality of education the client receives. d. While a quality education does enable student access to preventative health screenings in the school setting for vision and nutrition, it does not provide coverage for medical expenses.

A nurse working at a middle school suspects that a student is experiencing physical abuse after performing an assessment on them. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next? a. Make a report to Child Protective Services (CPS). b. Alert the school principal of the situation. c. Call the police and report the suspected abuse. d. Call the child's guardian to have the child's pediatrician confirm the suspected abuse.

a. Make a report to Child Protective Services (CPS). Mandatory reporting statutes compel any health care practitioner to report any and all suspected human abuse of minors to CPS or other authorities who handle these kinds of cases. b. Although this might be done under certain circumstances, it is not the priority action for the nurse to take at this time. c. This may be done under certain circumstances but is not the priority action at this time. d. Although the child's provider might be asked to confirm the suspected abuse under certain circumstances, it is not the priority action for the nurse to take at this time. Also, the child's guardian could be the abuser.

A nurse manager at a public health clinic is working to expand diversity of the clinic's nursing staff. The manager knows that which of the following factors is a barrier to creating a diverse workforce? a. Male nurses are less than 10% of the national workforce. b. Nurses of color are 8% of the national workforce. c. Decrease in diverse populations d. Distrust of the health care system

a. Male nurses are less than 10% of the national workforce. The nurse manager should identify that less than 10% of all registered nurses are men. b. The nurse manager should identify that less than 28% of the national workforce consist of nurses of color. This underrepresentation is a barrier to creating a racially and ethnically diverse workforce. c. The nurse manager should identify that diverse populations in the United States have increased over the past 10 years. The Hispanic and Latino population alone has doubled over the last decade. d. The nurse manager should identify that distrust of the health-care system is a barrier that prevents some cultures, notably clients from the Black American community, from seeking access to health care services.

A community health nurse is researching information related to the Healthy People 2030 goals. The nurse should identify that which of the following agencies sets and supports the Healthy People objectives? a. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP) b. World Health Organization (WHO) c. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) d. National Institutes of Health (NIH)

a. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP) The nurse should identify the ODPHP as the agency that sets and supports the Healthy People objectives. b. The WHO addresses global health issues. c. The CDC promotes health and protects the U.S. from threats. d. The National Institutes of Health is the national research agency.

A public health nurse has been working with other staff at the health department to complete a community health assessment for their city. As part of their core function of assessment, which of the following should be done with the information? a. Post the analyzed findings on the health department section of the city's website. b. Prepare a plan to address a health issue in a specific area of the city. c. Conduct focus groups with local residents to discuss their usage of public health services. d. Educate members of a vulnerable population identified in the assessment about available public health services.

a. Post the analyzed findings on the health department section of the city's website. The core function of assessment involves gathering data, analyzing it, and disseminating the findings to the public. b. While this activity is in line with what a public health nurse would do, it is not a part of assessment. c. The core function of assessment involves gathering data, analyzing it, and disseminating the findings to the public. The focus groups would have been part of the assessment that was already completed and, therefore, could not be the next course of action. While this activity is what a public health nurse would do, it is not a part of assessment that requires the findings to be disseminated. d. While this activity is what a public health nurse would do, it is not a part of assessment.

A home health nurse is caring for an elderly client who has heart failure. Which of the following interventions on the tertiary level of prevention could be included in the care? a. Reinforce past teachings on how to read food labels. b. Review the daily weights the client has collected since the last home visit. c. Remind the client to ask for the pneumococcal vaccine during their next provider appointment. d. Auscultate the lungs and assess for edema.

a. Reinforce past teachings on how to read food labels. Reinforcing teaching is on the tertiary level of prevention because the client would want to watch their salt and fat intake that can negatively affect their medical condition. b. Reviewing the weights are on the secondary level of prevention. c. The target audience for the pneumococcal vaccine is the well population. The well population does not have a condition, such as a communicable or chronic disease, injury, or social condition. d. The target audience for this level of care are those who could be "at risk" for having a condition that the community health team was trying to prevent on the primary level.

A nurse is describing health care coverage options for a client. Which of the following programs should the nurse describe as the first attempt of the federal government to reform both the public and private sectors of health care? a. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) b. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA) c. Health savings accounts d. Medicare

a. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) The nurse should describe the ACA as the first attempt of the federal government to reform both the public and private sectors of health care. b. The nurse should recognize that the MMA was a voluntary public health policy that sought to provide lower cost prescription drugs to individuals on Medicare. c. The nurse should identify that health savings accounts are available through employers or insurance providers and are used to pay for out-of-pocket health care expenses. d. The nurse should recognize that Medicare was a program established in 1965 to provide health care coverage for individuals ages 65 years and older.

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a client who is being enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "The survey will take an hour to complete and then I'll be done." b. "I will not know if I am going to be in the intervention or control group." c. "You'll need to find other participants like me but who do not have this disease." d. "The study will last for 10 years. You will contact me annually for an interview and blood work."

b. "I will not know if I am going to be in the intervention or control group." When evaluating outcomes, the nurse should recognize that this statement by the client indicates understanding of a randomized controlled trial in which participants are enrolled and assigned to either a control or treatment. a. This statement by the client describes aspects of a cross-sectional study in which data are collected to provide a point in time snapshot of a given population. c. This statement by the client describes aspects of a case-control study in which clients are matched with control participants who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. d. This statement by the client describes aspects of a cohort study in which participants are asked to answer questions or submit blood or urine samples at regular intervals.

A community health nurse is preparing an in-service for staff to define the conditions of causation in epidemiology studies. Which of the following descriptions should the nurse use to define a cessation of exposure to establish causation? a. "The exposure must come before the disease develops." b. "When the exposure is decreased or eliminated, the risk of disease declines or is eliminated." c. "Increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease." d. "A relationship is biologically possible, and it makes sense."

b. "When the exposure is decreased or eliminated, the risk of disease declines or is eliminated." The nurse should prepare to explain that if a risk is a cause of a disease, cessation of exposure should create a decline or elimination of risk of disease. a. The nurse should prepare to explain that a temporal relationship is a condition in which the exposure must come before the disease develops to establish causation. c. When generating solutions, the nurse should prepare to explain that a dose-response relationship is a condition in which increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease to establish causation. d. The nurse should prepare to explain that biological plausibility is a condition in which the relationship is biologically possible, and it makes sense to establish causation.

A nurse in a public clinic is researching health data on culturally diverse populations in the community. Which of the following population groups should the nurse anticipate as having the highest mortality rate due to HIV? a. Hispanic/Latino b. Black American c. Indigenous Peoples d. Asian American

b. Black American The nurse should identify that Black Americans experience the highest mortality rate from HIV than other population cohorts based on race. Disparities by race, ethnicity, income, insurance status, and residential location continue despite having access to dental and health insurance. a. According to statistics, the Hispanic/Latino mortality rate from HIV is less than that of Black American or multiracial population cohorts. Disparities by race, ethnicity, income, insurance status, and residential location continue despite having access to dental and health insurance. c. According to statistics, the mortality rate due to HIV for Indigenous Peoples is lower than the population groups of Hispanic/Latino, multiracial, and Black Americans. Disparities by race, ethnicity, income, insurance status, and residential location continue despite having access to dental and health insurance. d. According to statistics, the Asian American population has the lowest mortality rate due to HIV when compared to other populations based on race. Disparities by race, ethnicity, income, insurance status, and residential location continue despite having access to dental and health insurance.

A nurse working in a community health clinic is reinforcing education to a group of nurses about communication skills for improving client outcomes. Which of the following qualities should nurses demonstrate when communicating with clients? a. Ambiguity b. Compassion c. Judgement d. Indirect communication

b. Compassion The nurse should include in the in-service that effective communication should be demonstrated when caring for a client. By being compassionate, this provides a trusting relationship with the client, which leads to open communication and improved client outcomes. a. Being informative is key to effective nursing communication. Therefore, unclear communication might cause confusion and can lead to increased errors. c. Being direct is a key element of effective nursing communication. However, being judgmental is not helpful and might break down trust between the nurse and client. d. Being indirect is not an effective way to communicate and might increase errors, leading to worsening of health outcomes.

A nurse manager in a community clinic is using Healthy People 2030 to plan care for clients. Using the Healthy People 2030 guidelines, which of the following interventions should the nurse use to reduce health disparities? Which of the following is an example of how Healthy People 2030 addresses strategies to reduce health disparities? a. Provide snapshots of all disease processes for clients. b. Consider the literacy level of clients using evidence-based interventions and strategies c. Form workplace collaborations with clients. d. Include efforts to gather incorporate historical data on clients.

b. Consider the literacy level of clients using evidence-based interventions and strategies The nurse should identify that Healthy People 2030, strategies requires that clients' language and literacy be considered. a. The nurse should identify that Healthy People 2030, strategies requires that clients' language and literacy be considered. Providing snapshots of all disease processes to clients is not a strategy. c. The nurse should identify that Healthy People 2030, strategies to reduce health disparities requires that clients' language and literacy be considered. Forming workplace collaborations is not an identified strategy. d. The nurse should identify that Healthy People 2030, strategies requires that clients' language and literacy be considered. Gathering historical data is not a strategy.

An occupational health nurse is discussing social determinants of health with staff members in the clinic. Which of the following does the nurse suggest the team use when searching for a non-profit resource to provide information about socioeconomic factors in the local community? a. CDC b. County Health Rankings c. The local health department d. National Institutes for Health (NIH) Office of Disease Prevention (ODP)

b. County Health Rankings The nurse should suggest the county health rankings as a non-profit resource that provides information about socioeconomic factors in the local community. a. The nurse should identify that the CDC is a governmental agency that addresses topics that impact public health. c. The nurse should identify that the local health department is a governmental resource for information, evidence, services, statistics, and policies for health care providers and community members. d. The nurse should identify that the NIH ODP is a governmental resource with a large focus on prevention research to address the public health before illness occurs.

A nurse is caring for a client who has an acute case of cellulitis. After implementing a treatment protocol with the client, the client reports that they have had difficulty finding a job for almost a year and they sometimes skip meals to save money. Which problem is the priority for the nurse to address in the care plan? a. Quality of education b. Food access c. Health care illiteracy d. Economic stability

b. Food access Food access is the priority for the nurse to address. a. The nurse should provide quality health education for this client because proper education provides the client with the knowledge to make better behavior choices, such as engaging in regular exercise and eating healthy foods. However, another problem is the priority for the nurse to address. c. Healthcare illiteracy is not an issue for the nurse to address for this particular situation. While health illiteracy does impact communication and the flow of information, there is no indication in this scenario that this has contributed to the client's condition. d. Economic instability can be caused by lack of access to resources for life, such as money, housing, food, and a steady job that provides a living wage. In this scenario there is no mention of financial instability, so this is not an issue the nurse should address in the care plan at this time.

Which of the following theories or models looks only at the internal factors that motivate a person to adopt healthier lifestyle habits? a. Transtheoretical Theory b. Health Belief Model c. Ecological Model d. Social Cognitive Theory

b. Health Belief Model The only theory that focuses on the individual's internal factors is the Health Belief Model. a. This theory focuses on different factors affecting beliefs and choices on healthy living. c. This model focuses on internal and external factors affecting beliefs and choices on healthy living. d. This theory focuses on internal and external factors affecting beliefs and choices on healthy living.

A nurse in a community clinic is teaching a newly licensed nurse about elements that affect payment or reimbursement for health care services. Which of the following should the nurse teach is a quality-based element of payment or reimbursement? a. Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG) b. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) c. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) d. Health Savings Account (HSA)

b. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) The HCAHPS is a survey of quality that impacts federal funding based on client experiences with the facility. a. A DRG establishes a predetermined payment for treatment client depending on a specific diagnosis and is not based on quality of care and is not a quality-based element of payment or reimbursement. c. An ICD-10 code is used by a medical coder for billing for treatment and services provided and is not based on quality of care and is not a quality-based element of payment or reimbursement. d. Funds from an HSA may be used by a client to pay for out-of-pocket health care expenses and are not based on quality of care and is not a quality-based element of payment or reimbursement.

A nurse manager of a community clinic is planning ways to increase the culturally competent care within the facility. The manager knows that which of the following benefits occur from providing culturally competent health care? a. Higher income from client care costs associated with health disparities b. Improved health outcomes for clients c. Decrease in staff turnover Diverse family interactions d. Increase in associated costs for care diverse workforce

b. Improved health outcomes for clients The nurse knows that culturally competent care leads to improved health outcomes because of increased patient satisfaction. a. The nurse knows that culturally competent care does not result in higher income. c. The nurse knows that culturally competent care does not affect staff turnover. d. The nurse knows that culturally competent care does not affect costs for a diverse workforce.

A nurse is reviewing the effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the community with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following describes the major effect the ACA has had on health funding inequities? a. Improved the quality and safety in local health care facilities b. Increased ability of everyone in the community to obtain health insurance c. Reduced Medicare payments to local hospitals for preventable readmissions d. Changed the way hospitals are paid based on quality performance measures

b. Increased ability of everyone in the community to obtain health insurance The nurse recognizes that the increased ability to obtain affordable health insurance was the major health inequity addressed by the ACA. a. The nurse recognizes that improvements in quality and safety of health care were a result of the ACA. However, another effect addressed a major inequity in the health care system. c. The nurse recognizes that a reduction in Medicare payments to hospitals for preventable readmissions was a result of the ACA. However, another effect addressed a major inequity in the health care system. d. The nurse recognizes that changing the way hospitals are paid based on quality performance measures was a result of the ACA. However, another effect addressed a major inequity in the health care system.

A nurse is meeting with a government agency to discuss ways to increase the number of nurses applying for a position in the health department. Which of the following factors has been identified as contributing to the shortage of nurses working in community and public health settings? a. Aging of the population b. Limited pay structures c. Telehealth d. Licensure requirements

b. Limited pay structures Pay structures have been identified as contributing to the shortage of nurses because nurses in acute care settings tend to be paid more than those in community/public health. a. Aging of the population will result in a greater call for nurses to work in the community and public health setting. However, this has not been identified as a factor contributing to the shortages of nurses who work in these areas. c. The use of telehealth has not been identified as contributing to the shortage of nurses working in community/public health because it is used in every aspect of nursing practice. d. Licensure requirements are the same for public health nurses, and such requirements have not been identified as contributing to the shortage of nurses working in community/public health.

A community health nurse is part of a team that plans to propose a policy that improves access to primary care. Which of the following is the first step in becoming competent as a policy making advocate? a. Developing a proposal for the policy b. Locating the correct level and jurisdiction where an idea can be introduced c. Posting about the issue on social media d. Calling legislators

b. Locating the correct level and jurisdiction where an idea can be introduced When generating solutions, the nurse should determine that the initial step as a policy making advocate is locating the correct level and jurisdiction. a. When generating solutions, the nurse should recognize that although developing a proposal is an important step in the advocacy process. However, there is another step the nurse should take first. c. The nurse should recognize that education through workshops and social media posts is an important step in the advocacy process. However, there is another step the nurse should take first. d. The nurse should identify that calling legislators is an important step in the advocacy process. However, there is another step the nurse should take first.

A community health nurse is teaching a group of school age children about proper handwashing technique. The nurse should identify that this intervention targets which of the following links in the chain of transmission? a. Susceptible Host b. Mode of transmission c. Portal of exit d. Portal of entry

b. Mode of transmission When taking actions to provide teaching about breaking the chain of infection, the nurse should identify handwashing as one of the most effective ways to prevent infectious disease transmission.

A nurse is reviewing the CDC's list of top ten public health achievements of the 21st century with a group of newly hired nurses. Which of the following accomplishments should the nurse identify as being included on the list? a. Improvements in sanitation b. Motor vehicle safety c. Diabetes management d. Eradication of smallpox

b. Motor vehicle safety Motor vehicle safety should be included on the list as it is noted by the CDC as a top public health achievement for the 21st century. a. Improvements in sanitation should not be included as these improvements took place in the 19th century. c. Diabetes management should not be included on the list as it is not found among the CDC's list of top public health achievements for the 21st century. d. Eradication of smallpox should not be included on the list. Vaccines do represent a public health achievement. However, smallpox was eradicated in 1980.

A nurse in a community health clinic is administering immunizations. The nurse tells a client, "The protection from serious illness outweighs the temporary discomfort, but ultimately it is your choice if you decide to get the immunization." Which ethical principle is the nurse explaining in this situation? a. Autonomy b. Nonmaleficence c. Justice d. Beneficence

b. Nonmaleficence In this situation, the nurse is explaining that the benefits outweigh the risks, not discussing the principle of nonmaleficence, which is to do no harm. a. Autonomy is the principle of respecting the client's decisions by letting them make an appropriate ethical choice, not considering if the benefits outweigh the risks. c. In this situation, the nurse is explaining that the benefits outweigh the risks, not discussing the principle of fair treatment necessary for the ethical principle of justice. d. In this situation, the nurse is explaining that the benefits outweigh the risks, not discussing beneficence, which is the act of causing no harm and acting in the best interest of the clients.

A nurse in the clinic is caring for an adolescent client who has severe juvenile arthritis pain. The nurse is planning to administer an analgesic injection, but the client's guardian refuses, stating it is against their beliefs to administer pain medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Administer the injection when the partner is not looking. b. Provide education to both the client and the guardian on how analgesics can help with the severe pain c. Report the incident to the clinic nurse manager. d. Agree to not administer the analgesic and discharge the client.

b. Provide education to both the client and the guardian on how analgesics can help with the severe pain The first step in ethical decision-making is to analyze the situation. The guardian might need information to understand what is happening and further education to be part of the decision-making process for the health of their loved one. a. Administering the injection without the guardian or the client's consent is unethical. c. This action will not help to relieve the client's pain and will cause a delay in care. d. Not caring for the client and relieving the pain would not be ethical.

A community health nurse is establishing a care plan for a 12-year-old client who is disruptive in school. The nurse includes a referral for a mentorship program as one of the interventions in the care plan. Which of the following rationales should the nurse include to support the referral? a. Studies show a minimal increase in confidence levels among mentored youth. b. Students who are mentored are more likely to attain educational success. c. Mentorship will help the child avoid sexual activities during the teen years. d. Mentored teens tend to recover better from bullying experiences.

b. Students who are mentored are more likely to attain educational success. Studies have shown that mentorship can help a child develop higher aspirations in life and achieve educational success. a. Research shows that adolescents who are mentored show an enhanced sense of self-confidence and self-esteem. c. Research has not made the connection between mentorship and the avoidance of sex in the teenage population. The issue of premarital sex would not be a primary reason why the nurse would refer this client to a mentorship program. d. While mentorship programs may positively influence troubled teens and help them get through bullying experiences, this is not a primary reason why the nurse would refer this client to a mentorship program. There is no indication that bullying is the cause of this client's problems.

A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who has a history of depression and suicidal ideation. Which of the following client statements should the nurse identify as requiring further intervention? a. "I have been participating in my local YMCA after-school dance program again." b. "I think that I missed two math tutoring classes last week, but I can still catch up." c. "I don't have anyone I can talk to about my problems." d. "I have not used drugs in 6 weeks."

c. "I don't have anyone I can talk to about my problems." The nurse should identify this statement requires intervention for a client who has a history of depression and suicidal ideation. Isolation and loneliness can have a great impact on the well-being of this client. When prolonged social isolation occurs, an intervention might be necessary to prevent further escalation into depression. a. This statement shows positive progress towards social stability and participation. The nurse should identify this statement requires no further intervention. b. The nurse should identify this statement requires no further intervention. The fact that the client feels able to catch up is a good sign that they are feeling positive about the situation. d. This is a positive statement that shows previous interventions administered to this client are working. When a client is able to sustain a long period of time in abstinence from drug use, this is a milestone to be celebrated in an effort to encourage further progress towards the overall objectives of the care plan.

A school nurse is preparing a presentation for students about racism. Which of the following examples should the nurse use to best describe racism? a. Giving special treatment to people related to you b. Believing that a certain group of people all behave the same way c. Assigning value based on physical characteristics and skin color d. Favoring one group of people over another

c. Assigning value based on physical characteristics and skin color Racism consists of structures, policies, practices, and norms that assign value and determines opportunity based on the way people look or the color of their skin, resulting in conditions that unfairly advantage some and disadvantage others throughout society. a. Giving special treatment to people related to you can be considered favoritism. Racism consists of structures, policies, practices, and norms that assign value and determines opportunity based on the way people look or the color of their skin, resulting in conditions that unfairly advantage some and disadvantage others throughout society. b. Believing that a certain group of people all behave the same way is an example of stereotyping. Racism consists of structures, policies, practices, and norms that assign value and determines opportunity based on the way people look or the color of their skin, resulting in conditions that unfairly advantage some and disadvantage others throughout society. d. Favoring one group of people over another is an example of in-group favoritism. Racism consists of structures, policies, practices, and norms that assign value and determines opportunity based on the way people look or the color of their skin, resulting in conditions that unfairly advantage some and disadvantage others throughout society.

A nurse notices that a colleague who was involved in a recent mass casualty incident is experiencing extreme fatigue and flashbacks. Which of the following resources should be the nurse's priority suggestion for their colleague? a. Occupational health services b. Primary care provider c. Critical incident stress debriefing d. Alcoholics anonymous

c. Critical incident stress debriefing The community health nurse plays a key role in the immediate and long-term response in natural disasters. Critical incident stress debriefing may be needed to provide psychological support and quality improvement for providers involved in caring for casualties of an environmental disaster. This should be the nurse's priority suggestion. a. Nurses may be exposed to a variety of environmental substances and psychological stressors while working and off the job. Occupational health is a branch of public health that connects employees with occupation-related health care services. In a client's home, a nurse can be exposed to infectious diseases, lead, radon, pests, blood and body fluids while performing nursing care. Employers must inform the nurse of the common physical, chemical and psychological exposures of the job and provide appropriate PPE. Occupation health services could be beneficial; however, another suggestion is the priority. b. For incidents occurring at work, the nurse should first go to employer resources, including occupational health and critical incident stress debriefings, to get professional assistance with work-related traumatic experiences. d. Although chemical dependency treatment is helpful, nurses should first go to employer resources, including occupational health and critical incident stress debriefings, to get professional assistance with work-related traumatic experiences.

A public health nurse is working with a statistician while conducting an analytic study of health disparities in the community. In which of the following stages of the analytic study is the nurse currently participating? a. Interpretation of findings b. Conduct/implementation c. Data analysis d. Conceptualization/design

c. Data analysis When analyzing cues, the nurse recognizes that the study team uses analytic methods to test hypotheses during data analysis. a. Explaining the findings in context is the primary activity in the interpretation of findings stage. b. The key activities associated with the conduct/implementation stage of analytic studies are securing permissions including institutional review board approval and collecting, storing, and managing data. d. The key activities associated with conceptualization / design are determining the appropriate research approach, strategy, and design to answer the research question(s).

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of community stakeholders who are calling for a plan to decrease violence within the community. Which of the following actions should the nurse include as the first step to the CDC's population-based model for violence prevention? a. Develop and Test Prevention Strategies b. Assure Widespread Adoption c. Define and Monitor the Problem d. Identify Risk and Protective Factors

c. Define and Monitor the Problem The nurse should include "Define and Monitor the Problem" as the first step of the CDC's population-based model for violence prevention. a. The nurse should include "Develop and Test Prevention Strategies" as the third step of the CDC's population-based model for violence prevention. b. The nurse should include "Assure Widespread Adoption" as the fourth step of the CDC's population-based model for violence prevention. d. The nurse should include "Identify Risk and Protective Factors" as the second step of the CDC's population-based model for violence prevention.

A home health nurse is assessing a patient who has heart failure and notes the patient has had a weight gain of 1.8 kg (4 lb), as well as generalized edema, since the last visit 3 days ago. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next? a. Call the health care provider for further instructions. b. Reinforce the importance of daily weights. c. Ensure the client has been taking their prescribed diuretic. d. Document the findings and continue with the visit.

c. Ensure the client has been taking their prescribed diuretic. The signs and symptoms indicate a worsening condition. This additional assessment data is needed before contacting the provider. a. The signs and symptoms indicate a worsening condition. However, the nurse needs to have more complete information regarding following the treatment plan before contacting the provider. b. This is not the priority at this time. d. This is not the priority at this time.

A community health nurse manager is searching an electronic database for potential sources of funding for health care. Which of the following factors should the nurse manager identify as a greater funding concern for private sources of funding when compared to public sources? a. Governmental oversight b. Budget determined by federal law c. Income primarily generated by goods and services d. Legal constraints on funding

c. Income primarily generated by goods and services Income generated by production of goods and services are greatly influenced by the private sector. a, b, & d: influence BOTH public AND private sectors

A community health nurse who has failed to complete proper documentation for a client is now expected to undergo retraining and practice under the supervision of another nurse. Which of the following elements of Nursing's Social Contract does this address? a. Caring service b. Progress and development c. Knowledge, skill, and competence d. Ethical practice

c. Knowledge, skill, and competence The nurse is demonstrating the element of knowledge, skill, and competence of Nursing's Social Contract. Failing to complete proper documentation requires standards of practice to address the incompetency and ensure this action will not be repeated. a. Caring service is an element of the Nursing's Social Contract that describes adherence to a code of ethics; therefore, there is another element the nurse is demonstrating. b. Progress and development is an element of the Nursing's Social Contract that describes adherence to a code of ethics; therefore, there is another element the nurse is demonstrating. d. Ethical practice is an element of the Nursing's Social Contract that describes adherence to a code of ethics; therefore, there is another element the nurse is demonstrating.

A nurse is discussing health insurance coverage with state legislators. Which of the following disadvantages related to health insurance should the nurse include in the discussion that is specific to clients who live in rural communities rather than urban areas? a. Limited availability of managed care insurance b. Financial risk that is typical of underinsured clients c. Limited access to primary care providers d. Lack of government-provided health insurance

c. Limited access to primary care providers One disadvantage for clients who live in rural areas is limited access to primary care providers (PCP). Without access to a PCP, the client lacks primary and secondary care interventions such as heckups, vaccines and screenings for disease. a. Limited availability of managed care insurance is not specific to rural communities. b. Financial risk that is typical of underinsured clients can happen in both rural communities and urban areas. d. Government-provided health insurance is not limited in rural communities as opposed to urban areas.

A team of public health nurses is preparing to present information about Healthy People 2030. Which of the following statements will the nurses include about the vision and mission of Healthy People 2030? a. Primary care providers will have to accomplish the goals in order to achieve the vision. b. The vision identifies that health and well-being are consistent among all populations. c. Overarching goals provide focused objectives to reach the vision d. The mission guarantees improvements in the health and well-being of all people.

c. Overarching goals provide focused objectives to reach the vision The nurses should identify that the broad, overarching goals of Healthy People 2030 provide a focus for objectives to reach the vision. a. The nurses should identify that the mission of Healthy People 2030 includes getting health providers of all disciplines to work together to reach the vision. b. The nurses should identify that health and well-being may differ among varying populations. d. The nurses should identify that the mission of Healthy People 2030 is to promote, strengthen, and evaluate the nation's efforts to improve health and well-being of all people.

A community health nurse is researching social determinants of health in the differing populations they serve. The nurse should identify that which of the following factors place populations at the highest risk for negative health outcomes? a. Transportation access b. Language barriers c. Poverty d. Genetics

c. Poverty The nurse needs to be aware that poverty and lack of access to healthy foods and safe housing are a few social determinants of health that can affect differing populations health outcomes. a. The nurse needs to be aware that transportation access is not a social determinant of health that affects health outcomes. b. The nurse needs to be aware that language barriers is not a social determinant of health that affects health outcomes. of health that place minority and immigrant populations at an increased risk for negative health outcomes. d. The nurse needs to be aware that genetics is not a social determinant of health that affects health outcomes.

A nurse is presenting information about the prevention of sexually transmitted infections to a group of high school students. The nurse should identify that this is an example of which of the following types of prevention? a. Secondary prevention b. Quaternary prevention c. Primary prevention d. Tertiary prevention

c. Primary prevention Primary prevention includes preventive measures that come before the onset of illness or injury and before the disease process begins. Therefore, an educational presentation about safe sexual practices is an example of primary prevention. a. Secondary prevention includes preventive measures that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease, illness, or injury. b. This is not an example of quaternary prevention. d. Tertiary prevention includes preventive measures aimed at rehabilitation following significant illness.

A county health nurse is addressing a recent outbreak of an infectious airborne illness in a poorly performing school in a low-income area of the city. The school lacks multiple resources such as a cafeteria, counseling services, a gymnasium, and a dedicated school nurse. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement first to improve outcomes for the students? a. Create a lunch program to improve student nutrition. b. Provide counseling services to help students share their concerns about the outbreak. c. Provide testing to detect infected students. d. Establish a physical education program to help students become more active.

c. Provide testing to detect infected students. Students who attend a poorly performing school are less likely to have access to preventative screenings by a school nurse for health issues. When using the greatest risk priority framework, the nurse should identify that providing this kind of access, including testing, would help stop the spread of the disease. a. Creating a lunch program would help to improve the students' overall health. However, there is another intervention that is a higher priority and will address the infectious airborne illness that is occurring at this time. b. Providing counseling services would help to address the students' emotional health. However, there is another intervention that is a higher priority and will address the infectious airborne illness that is occurring at this time. d. Establishing a physical education program would help to improve the students' overall health. However, there is another intervention that is a higher priority and will address the infectious airborne illness that is occurring at this time.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client in an acute setting. The nurse is planning to discharge the client. The nurse should identify which of the following characteristics of the community as risk for neglect or abuse? a. The client has infrequent visits from family and friends. b. The client requires the use of a walker. c. The client lives in a neighborhood with many abandoned homes. d. The client depends on a food delivery service for meals.

c. The client lives in a neighborhood with many abandoned homes. This would be considered a community risk factor, as it pertains to the community where the client lives. a. This is an example of a relationship risk factor, not a community factor. b. This is an example of an individual risk factor, not a community factor. d. This is an example of an individual risk factor, not a community factor.

A nurse is collecting the medical history of a client. The client reports that they have experienced violence in the past with a previous partner. What is an immediate concern of the nurse? a. The client reports that they have no social support system. b. The client reports that they are currently in a safe place. c. The client reports that they are experiencing frequent gastrointestinal issues. d. The client reports that they are currently going to counseling.

c. The client reports that they are experiencing frequent gastrointestinal issues. The nurse is correct to be concerned that the client's stomach pain may be related to their history of abuse. a. This is a concern, but not the highest priority. People with a history of abuse may experience health problems , so the client's report of frequent gastrointestinal issues is the greatest concern. b. The client is in a safe place which is not a concern. People with a history of abuse may experience health problems, so the client's report of frequent gastrointestinal issues is the greatest concern. d. The client is going to counseling which is a step in the right direction. People with a history of abuse may experience health problems, so the client's report of frequent gastrointestinal issues is the greatest concern.

A nurse is discussing the plan of care for a school-age child who was recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus with the child's parents. The family of three is living on a tight budget because the father's business has been closed due to the COVID-19 disease lockdown. Which of the following factors requires attention from the nurse? a. The family may not be able to see preferred providers due to increased health insurance costs. b. The power company has issued a lenient notice for back payment of owed money. c. The elementary school is closed and students are learning remotely. d. The family enrolled in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program to receive extra food benefits.

c. The elementary school is closed and students are learning remotely. The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the economic status of families. It has also impacted hunger in the U.S. This family is at risk for food insecurity because their business has been closed due to lockdown restrictions. Food-insecure families often rely on meals provided to their children at school to supplement and ensure access to nutritious foods. The nurse should identify that further follow-up and support from community resources are required for this family. a. This fact does not require priority attention from the nurse. It indicates that the family is on a managed care program, which can provide better prescription medication costs. b. This factor does not require priority attention from the nurse. Families experiencing economic instability due to the COVID-19 pandemic can receive accommodations from utility providers, such as allowing late payments to occur without penalties or services being turned off. d. Food-insecure families can access benefits that will help them mitigate food insecurity. The fact that this family has enrolled in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is a good step towards maintaining the health of their child.

A community health nurse is training a newly licensed nurse on the use of case studies and case reports. Which of the following information should the nurse provide about when these tools are utilized? a. To demonstrate a causal relationship. b. Data is being collected about risk factors and disease simultaneously. c. They provide a starting point for further study. d. To evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment or intervention.

c. They provide a starting point for further study. When taking actions to teach about the use of case studies and case reports, the nurse should explain that case studies and reports are used for emerging diseases or when a disease is changing. a. The nurse should explain that randomized controlled trials are used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship. b. The nurse should explain that collecting data about risk factors and disease simultaneously is done in a cross-sectional study. d. The nurse should explain that randomized controlled trials are used to determine the effectiveness or a treatment or intervention.

A community health nurse is providing education to a group of nurses about the functions of various government agencies. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following government agencies addresses food security by directly providing food to select populations? a. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) b. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP) c. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) d. U.S. Department of Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

c. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) The USDA oversees the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and the school lunch program, all of which provide food to specific populations. Thus, the nurse should include this government agency as the agency that addresses food security by directly providing food to select populations. a. The FDA oversees food quality and safety. However, it does not provide food. b. The ODPHP sets national objectives related to nutrition but does not provide food. d. The HRSA oversees the provision of health care, not food, across the country.

A nurse manager at a community clinic is preparing a presentation for staff about the government's legal responsibilities for health care. Which of the following statements should the nurse manager make? a. "The government provides unlimited funding for government health care programs." b. "The government pursues investors for funding." c. "The government provides a health care savings accounts." d. "The government produces an annual budget."

d. "The government produces an annual budget." A responsibility of the government is to produce an annual fiscal budget. This allows the allocation of funds to health care programs sponsored by the government. a. The government is responsible for the funding health care programs by the government; however, there is a limitation to the amount of funding received. b. Government-sponsored health programs may receive donations from private entities; however, there is a legal requirement for taxpayer funding of health care programs sponsored by the government. c. Health care savings accounts are voluntarily established by individuals with their employer or health insurance plan.

A nurse is discussing transcultural nursing with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when discussing the Kinship and Social Factors dimension of Leininger's Sunrise Model? a. "This dimension includes cost of living and socioeconomic class." b. "This dimension includes access to technology and media." c. "This dimension includes social participation in the community." d. "This dimension includes relationships with others and social supports."

d. "This dimension includes relationships with others and social supports." The nurse should identify that birth position, birth family, family relationships, friendships, and social supports are included in the Kinship and Social Factors dimension. a. The nurse should identify that cost of living, jobs, working and housing conditions and social class are included in the Economic Factors dimension. The Kinship and Social Factors dimension includes relationships, social supports, and birth position. b. The nurse should identify that access to technology, media, and electronic devices at home are included in the Technological Factors dimension. The Kinship and Social Factors dimension includes relationships, social supports, and birth position. c. The nurse should identify that the Ethnohistory dimension includes social participation in the community, life history, and one's sense of belonging. The Kinship and Social Factors dimension includes relationships, social supports, and birth position.

A nurse is providing education about Medicaid to a client who is pregnant and cannot pay for medical insurance. The nurse should recognize that which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "My income level does not impact whether or not I can receive Medicaid." b. "Medicaid is a federal-run health insurance program." c. "Medicaid benefits are the same for everyone in the United States." d. "When my baby is born, they can receive Medicaid as well."

d. "When my baby is born, they can receive Medicaid as well." Medicaid provides health insurance to children whose families cannot afford to pay for health care for their children. The nurse should recognize this statement by the client as an indication of understanding. a. Medicaid provides a means of health insurance for clients who meet specific poverty levels. b. Medicaid is a state-run insurance program. c. Medicaid benefits vary from state to state.

A community health nurse is calculating the number of deaths of school age children in a county. Which of the following methods should the nurse use to obtain this data? a. Prevalence rate b. Case fatality rate c. Cause-specific mortality rate d. Age-specific mortality rate

d. Age-specific mortality rate When analyzing cues about the number of deaths in school-age children, the age-specific mortality rate will help the nurse narrow the data. a. Prevalence is a morbidity measure, not a mortality measure. b. Case fatality illustrates how deadly a specific disease is but not how many people have the disease and is not specific to age. c. The cause specific mortality rate limits the death rate to a specific cause and does not consider age.

A nurse is providing education to a newly licensed nurse about nursing organizations. The nurse should include that which of the following organizations is responsible for mitigating nursing staff shortages? a. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) b. American Nurses Association (ANA) c. National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) d. American Organization for Nursing Leadership (AONL)

d. American Organization for Nursing Leadership (AONL) AONL is a professional association that assists nurses in their role as legislative advocates to promote the value of the nursing profession and address nursing shortages throughout the country. a. NASEM is not an organization that involves nurses advocating for causes in the political arena. b. ANA is the nursing professional organization that publishes nursing scope and standards of nursing practice and provides guidance on the role of the nurse in legislative actions. d. NCSBN is not an organization that involves nurses advocating for causes in the political arena.

A nurse is preparing a presentation for an HIV taskforce regarding strategies to help decrease the number of newly diagnosed cases. Which of the following major health care organizations should the nurse utilize to find strategies to include in the presentation? a. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) b. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) c. National Institutes of Health (NIH) d. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

d. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The CDC is the major health care organization that is charged with protecting the public's health. The CDC works to secure global health, eliminate disease, and end pandemics. Therefore, the nurse should utilize the CDC to find strategies to include in the presentation. a. OSHA is the major health care organization that is charged with maintaining safe workplaces for employees. b. The CMS oversees a national insurance program for people age 65 years and over. c. The NIH is the major health care organization that expands knowledge and enhances life through conducting of research.

A nurse in a public clinic is researching health data on culturally diverse populations in the community. Which of the following population groups should the nurse anticipate having end-stage renal disease due to diabetes mellitus? a. Non-Hispanic White b. Asian American c. Black American d. Hispanic/Latino

d. Hispanic/Latino The nurse should identify that underrepresented racial and ethnic groups experience health disparities, placing them at increased risk for complications of chronic diseases such as renal disease. According to statistics, the Hispanic/Latino population cohort experiences end stage renal disease more frequently than other populations at a rate of 27%. a. According to statistics, the non-Hispanic white population cohort experiences end stage renal disease at a rate of 13.3%. Underrepresented racial and ethnic populations experience end-stage renal disease at higher rates. b. The nurse should identify that underrepresented racial and ethnic groups experience health disparities, placing them at increased risk for complications of chronic diseases such as renal disease. According to statistics, the Asian American population cohort experiences end stage renal disease at a rate of 25.6%. c. The nurse should identify that underrepresented racial and ethnic groups experience health disparities, placing them at increased risk for complications of chronic diseases such as renal disease. According to statistics, the Asian American population cohort experiences end stage renal disease at a rate of 18.8%.

A client who was recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus arrives for follow-up appointment at the community health clinic. The client appears distressed and has disclosed that they have recently separated from their partner. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. Discuss a referral to another provider on the multidisciplinary team for support. b. Review the client's medications. c. Encourage the client to check their blood glucose. d. Provide an opportunity to listen to and comfort the client.

d. Provide an opportunity to listen to and comfort the client. Listening and comforting a client is an appropriate initial response because it offers compassion that helps to build trust and rapport. a. A referral to another provider is not an appropriate initial response for a client in distress. b. Reviewing medications is not an appropriate initial response for a client in distress. c. Encouraging the client to check their blood glucose is not an appropriate initial response for a client in distress.

A nurse is preparing a presentation about strategies to decrease health care disparities among vulnerable groups. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include? a. Provide low-cost medications. b. Update client charts to reflect socioeconomic status. c. Compile a list of resources available in the community. d. Reinforce the importance of recognizing discrimination in vulnerable populations with staff.

d. Reinforce the importance of recognizing discrimination in vulnerable populations with staff. Populations faced with health disparities are broader than racial and ethnic minorities and include underserved rural residents, populations with lower socio-economic status, and sexual and gender minorities that confront discrimination and social disadvantage a. The nurse does not have the ability to provide low-cost medications. Recognizing discrimination in vulnerable populations is a step toward addressing health care disparities. b. Updating client charts to reflect socioeconomic status is not a strategy to improve health disparities among vulnerable groups. Recognizing discrimination in vulnerable populations is a step toward addressing health care disparities. c. Compiling a list of community resources does not substantially improve health care disparities among vulnerable groups. Recognizing discrimination in vulnerable populations is a step toward addressing health care disparities.

A nurse working in a community health clinic is planning care for a client who recently lost their job and is unable to afford their medications to treat diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Provide suggestions on budgeting. b. Offer nonpharmacological strategies for diabetes management. c. Provide suggestions on employment opportunities. d. Request a referral to the social worker.

d. Request a referral to the social worker. The nurse should request a referral from the provider for a social worker. The social worker can work with the client and their finances as well as services for the client to afford their medications. a. Providing suggestions on budgeting does not address the client's inability to afford their medications b. Providing suggestions on nonpharmacological strategies does not address the client's inability to afford their medications. c. Providing suggestions on employment opportunities does not address the client's inability to afford their medications.

A community health nurse is using the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines to recommend health screenings for a client. The nurse should identify that which of the following descriptions applies to Grade C screenings? a. "Research indicates this screening exam is beneficial." b. "There is not enough evidence to determine if this screening is helpful or not." c. "Research indicates this screening is not warranted at this time and may, in fact, be harmful." d. "Research indicates this screening exam has a small benefit."

a. "Research indicates this screening exam is beneficial." The nurse should identify that this meets the description for Grade "A" screening recommendations. b. The nurse should identify that this is the description for Grade "I" screening recommendations. c. The nurse should identify that this is the description for Grade "D" screening recommendations. d. When recognizing cues, the nurse should identify that this is the description for Grade "C" screening recommendations. NOTE from another quizlet set: This is actually incorrect. This is a grade A meaning, but it's what ATI flags as correct. Professors are aware and reaching out to ATI.

A public health nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about sensitivity and specificity using a two-by-two table. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the table related to true positives? a. "True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person has the disease." b. "True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease." c. "True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease." d. "True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease."

a. "True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person has the disease." When evaluating outcomes, the nurse should recognize that this statement by the newly licensed nurse indicates understanding that a true positive means the person has the disease and the test correctly identified it. b. False negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person does not have the disease. c. True negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease. d. False positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease.

A nurse is asked which population group has the highest age-adjusted death rate in the United States. The nurse replies with which of the following? a. Black males b. Non-Hispanic Black females c. Hispanic males d. Black females

a. Black males Black males have the highest age-adjusted death rate of 1,085.2 for every 100,000 individuals over all other demographic categories. b, c, d: Black males have the highest age-adjusted death rate of over all other demographic categories.

A nurse asks the nurse manager of the community clinic which steps should be taken to start a career in political advocacy. Which of the following statements by the nurse manager encourages the nurse towards a career in political advocacy? a. "You should work with your nursing organizations to see which federal issues they are working on." b. "It might be a good idea for you to take more courses on nursing care in the community." c. "You can become a preceptor for all the new community nurses." d. "Maybe you can start leading classes for advocating basic nursing care in clients' homes."

a. "You should work with your nursing organizations to see which federal issues they are working on." The American Nurses Association (ANA) identifies advocacy in nursing as an essential function of nursing and encourages nurses to join legislative actions on federal Issues. b. While this statement is helpful in the pursuit of professional advocacy, it does not encourage the nurse to start a career in political advocacy. c. While this statement is helpful in encouraging the nurse professionally to advance in leadership, this statement does not guide the nurse towards a career in political advocacy. d. This statement is not appropriate because it does not supply any help or guidance to get involved in political advocacy.

A public health nurse is planning ways to improve the health care for diverse groups in the community. The nurse should identify that which of the following groups in the United States is at risk for the shortest life span? a. Black Americans b. Latino Americans c. Non-Hispanic White Americans d. Asian Americans

a. Black Americans Statistics indicate that Black Americans had a life expectancy of 71.8 years in 2020, the shortest expectancy of population groups by race. This population cohort's life expectancy rate is the lowest it has been since 2000. b. According to 2020 findings, the National Center for Health Statistics, Latino Americans have a life expectancy of 78.8 years. This cohort had the largest decline in life expectancy of all the racial cohorts between 2019 and 2020. c. Statistics indicate that the non-Hispanic white population cohort had a life expectancy of 77.6 years in 2020. This cohort had the smallest decline in life expectancy from 2019 of 1.2 years. d. Statistics indicate that the life expectancy of Asian Americans in the United States was 80.7 years in recent data. This population cohort has the longest health expectancy of other population groups.

An employee presents to an occupational health nurse with concerns that their hearing is worse on one side. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first to address the employee's concern? a. Conduct a physical examination. b. Refer the client to an audiologist. c. Advise the client on the use of ear plugs. d. Irrigate the ear to remove any obstruction.

a. Conduct a physical examination. The nurse should identify that the first step of the nursing process is to assess the client, which would include a hearing test. This action will help the nurse to determine the nature of the client's condition. b. Referring the employee to an audiologist might be an intervention the nurse employs later during the process once an understanding of the situation has been reached. However, there is another action the nurse should take first. c. Providing education to the employee about the effective use of earplugs might be an intervention used later during the process once the problem has been established. However, there is another action the nurse should take first. d. Ear irrigation might be an intervention used later during this process once the problem has been established. However, there is another action the nurse should take first.

A community health nurse is searching for data about health behaviors related to smoking and exercise. Which of the following resources should the nurse use to find data about health behaviors in their local area? a. County Health Rankings b. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of c. Disease Prevention (ODP) c. Healthy People 2030 d. Cochrane

a. County Health Rankings The nurse should identify that the County Health Rankings is a source of data about health behaviors among residents in their county. b. The nurse should identify that the NIH Office of Disease Prevention is a federal government agency with a large focus on prevention research for public health topics such as environment, obesity, and tobacco use. c. The nurse should identify that Healthy People 2030 establishes data-driven objectives to improve health and well-being. d. The nurse should identify that Cochrane is an international organization that researches evidence to provide systematic reviews and recommendations for practice.

A nurse is completing a summative evaluation of a condom distribution program at a local community college. Which of the following metrics should the nurse include? a. Decrease in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections b. Number of students who engage in sex c. Location of the community college campus d. Number of condoms distributed

a. Decrease in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections When evaluating actions, the nurse should recognize that a decrease in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections may take several years and would be included in a summative evaluation. b. The number of students who engage in sex would be part of a needs assessment to determine if the condom distribution program is needed. Needs assessment is a type of formative evaluation, not summative. c. Location of the campus would be part of program planning, which is formative, not summative. d. The number of condoms distributed is determining if the program is being implemented as expected and is part of a process of evaluation, which is formative, not summative.

A community health nurse is making efforts to expand their cultural competence when working with clients. To develop cultural competence, the nurse must appreciate understand which of the following characteristics of their clients? a. Diversity b. Professional roles c. Self-esteem d. Social status

a. Diversity The nurse should be aware that optimal cultural competence embraces diversity, ongoing active learning, and promotes multicultural work-place harmony. b, c, & d: The nurse will need to be aware that optimal cultural competence embraces diversity, ongoing active learning, and promotes multicultural work-place harmony.

A nurse is discussing the dimensions of the Leininger Sunrise Model with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following dimensions includes the client's access to resources such as drinkable water and electricity? a. Environmental context b. Kinship and social factors c. Economic factors d. Ethnohistory

a. Environmental context The environmental context domain includes the client's access to resources such as electricity and drinkable water. b. The kinship and social factors dimensions include the client's birth position, developmental tasks and social networks. The environmental context domain includes the client's access to resources such as electricity and drinkable water. c. The economic factors dimension includes the client's job status, social class and working and living conditions. The environmental context domain includes the client's access to resources such as electricity and drinkable water. d. The ethnohistory dimension includes the client's community history, sense of belonging and participation in the community. The environmental context domain includes the client's access to resources such as electricity and drinkable water.

Which of the following refers to international collaboration to improve health outcomes and decrease health inequities using a multimodal approach? a. Global health b. Population health c. Public health d. Community health

a. Global health The focus of working on health initiatives and issues across international borders is referred to as global health. While public and population health can be applied on any level, issues that affect multiple nations at the same time are generally in the field of global health and are usually addressed on that level. b, c, & d: While this can be applied on any level, issues that affect multiple nations at the same time are generally in the field of global health and are usually addressed on that level.

A community health nurse attends the American Public Health Association (APHA) meeting annually to stay current in the field and to interact with colleagues across the country. Which of the core functions of epidemiology is the nurse engaged in? a. Linkages b. Policy development c. Surveillance d. Evaluation

a. Linkages When taking the action of interacting with colleagues, the nurse should recognize that linkage refers to the development and maintenance of interdisciplinary relationships necessary in the field of epidemiology b. Making recommendations and providing expert testimony are activities associated with policy development. c. Surveillance refers to data collection, management, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination relevant to public health treats. d. Evaluation is determining how well an intervention or program is functioning or meeting expected goals and objectives.

A community health nurse is assisting with initiating a community's disaster plan following a nearby disaster. Which of the following resources responds to the disaster first? a. Local government b. State government c. American Red Cross (ARC) d. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

a. Local government The local government is the first to respond to a local disaster. If the local resources are unable to handle disaster response efforts, then assistance from the state government is requested. b. Most disasters begin locally and are managed by local resources. If local resources become unable to address the disaster, then the state will assist with disaster response. c. The ARC is a non-profit, nongovernmental organization that can assist with disaster response if needed. ARC can assist with providing meals, shelter, and water following a disaster that has overwhelmed local resources. d. FEMA is mobilized during a state of emergency, which is declared when the local and state resources become overwhelmed and assistance from the national government is required.

A nurse manager in a home health agency is planning a presentation on transcultural nursing for staff nurses. The nurse manager should identify that which of the following individuals is considered the founder of transcultural nursing? a. Madeline Leininger b. Joyce Giger c. Larry Purnell d. Ruth Davidhizar

a. Madeline Leininger The nurse should identify that Madeline Leininger is the founder of Transcultural Nursing. Leininger believes that nurses, as the largest group of health care professionals, could significantly impact the quality of care when that care incorporates culture care practices, meanings, and factors. b. The nurse should identify that Joyce Giger is the co-author with Ruth Davidhizar of the Transcultural Assessment Model. c. The nurse should identify that Larry Purnell is the author of the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence. d. The nurse should identify that Ruth Davidhizar is the co-author with Joyce Giger of the Transcultural Assessment Model.

A public health nurse is preparing to search an electronic database about health plans and policies that address prescription drug plans. Which of the following terms should the nurse use to identify Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA)? a. Medicare Part D b. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) c. Medicaid d. Medicare Part A

a. Medicare Part D MMA is the largest Medicare reform to date and is also known as Medicare Part D. It was designed to lower the cost of prescription medications for clients with decreased incomes. b. The nurse should identify that the ACA was an attempt to increase the number of those who needed health care coverage. c. The nurse should recognize that Medicaid is a federally and state funded program for individuals who have low incomes or limited assets. d. The nurse should recognize that Medicare Part A covers inpatient hospital visits or skilled nursing care. Prescription medications are not covered under Medicare Part A.

A nurse is providing diet education to children who are attending a health fair. This is an example of which of the following levels of disease prevention? a. Primary b. Tertiary c. Secondary d. Quarternary

a. Primary Providing education about healthy diet is primary prevention because it aims to prevent chronic disease by maintaining a healthy body. b. Tertiary prevention efforts include interventions when an injury, illness, or chronic disease has already been sustained. c. Secondary prevention involves screenings to catch disease early and treat or reverse the effects. d. Quaternary prevention does not include diet education at a health fair. It includes protecting individuals from medical interventions that are likely to cause more harm than good.

A nurse is caring for a client who has substance use disorder who has expressed interest in receiving treatment to stop using. Which of the following interventions is an example of a tertiary intervention strategy for this client? a. Provide information on drug rehabilitation facilities since the client has expressed readiness to change. b. Inform the client about needle exchange programs. c. Reinforce the importance of eating a well-balanced diet. d. Recommend the client be screened for Hepatitis

a. Provide information on drug rehabilitation facilities since the client has expressed readiness to change. Tertiary prevention includes preventive measures aimed at rehabilitation following significant illness. This is the best option for a client expressing an interest in stopping substance use/abuse. b. A needle exchange program can lead to a willingness to attend a long-term rehabilitation program and can be a tertiary prevention strategy. There is a better strategy for tertiary intervention to promote treatment and rehabilitation. c. Although this could be a tertiary intervention strategy for some clients who have substance abuse disorders, there is nothing that indicates this client has problems with diet or weight. d. Screenings are secondary intervention strategies aimed at providing early diagnosis and treatment.

A nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about developments in other areas of study that led to improvements in public health. The nurse should include that the Shattuck Report brought about changes in which of the following areas? a. Public sanitation b. Care of the mentally ill c. Working conditions d. Prison health care reform

a. Public sanitation The Shattuck Report, based on a sanitation study conducted by Lemuel Shattuck, concluded that many diseases occurring in America were the result of poor sanitation standards. The results of this study laid the foundation for many public health initiatives that led to improvements in public health, improved public sanitation, and an increased life expectancy for American citizens. b. Mental health care reform was championed in the mid-1800s by Dorothea Dix, a teacher who advocated for the rights of those with mental illness, as well as those in prison. c. Lillian Wald advocated for changes in working conditions. d. Prison health care reform was championed in the mid-1800s by Dorothea Dix, a teacher who advocated for the rights of those in prison, as well as those with mental illness.

A school nurse is partnering with the local hospital system's tobacco cessation program to give a presentation focused on discouraging tobacco use in high school students. According to the Health Belief Model, which of the following might be included in the presentation? a. The benefits to not smoking when engaging in sports and other activities b. The need for social support to abstain from smoking c. The local town ordinance regarding smoking bans in certain public spaces d. The school's no smoking policy

a. The benefits to not smoking when engaging in sports and other activities The Health Belief Model looks at the individual's belief that healthy behavior is necessary to live a high-quality life. b. The focus on interaction among support systems is core to the Social Cognitive Theory. c. This ordinance supports the Ecological Model. d. This policy supports the Ecological Model.

A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who is experiencing bullying at school. The nurse should recognize that which of the following individual factors may contribute to risks of abuse? a. The client has poor academic performance at school. b. The client's school has no school policies about bullying. c. The client's school has history of violent incidents. d. The client has limited positive friendships.

a. The client has poor academic performance at school. Poor academic performance is an individual risk factor for violence. b. Policies are societal factors that can contribute to risks of violence, not an individual factor. c. Schools are a community factor that can contribute to risks of violence, not an individual factor. d. Friendships are a relationship factor that can contribute to risks of violence, not an individual factor.

A public health nurse is responsible for conducting a community-engaged, educational research project in a county. Which of the following principles will the nurse consider when conducting a needs assessment with the residents? a. The results should be disseminated to all residents. b. The results should focus on individual learning. c. The research should be a short-term project. d. The research should use a linear process.

a. The results should be disseminated to all residents. The nurse should consider that community-engaged research should be disseminated to all partners. b. The nurse should consider that community-engaged research fosters co-learning among all partners. c. The nurse should consider that community-engaged research involves a long-term process. d. The nurse should consider that community-engaged research involves a cyclical process and an iterative process.

A nurse is providing education about immunizations to a group of newly licensed nurses. The nurse should identify that which of the following statements by one of the newly licensed nurses indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "School immunizations were first required in the early 1900s." b. "Each state determines which school immunizations are required and who may be exempt." c. "The first vaccine was developed to protect against polio." d. "The mumps vaccine is required by all 50 states and Washington, D.C."

b. "Each state determines which school immunizations are required and who may be exempt." "Each state determines which school immunizations are required and who may be exempt" is a correct statement. Therefore, the nurse should identify this statement by the newly licensed nurse as an indication of understanding. a. School immunizations were required as early as 1855. c. The first vaccine was developed to protect against smallpox, not polio. d. The mumps vaccine is not required by all 50 states and Washington, D.C.

A community health nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about sensitivity and specificity using a two-by-two table. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the table related to false negatives? a. "False negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease." b. "False negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease." c. "False negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease." d. "False negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person has the disease."

b. "False negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease." When evaluating outcomes, the nurse should recognize that this statement by the newly licensed nurse indicates understanding that false negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person does not have the disease.

A nurse working in a community health center is speaking with a client who expresses their difficulty in finding employment. Which of the following responses should the nurse give? a. "You need to apply for more jobs." b. "It sounds like it has been very challenging to find a job." c. "Don't worry. There are plenty of jobs out there." d. "I'm sure someone will call you next week."

b. "It sounds like it has been very challenging to find a job." The nurse should provide a response that demonstrates empathy and encouragement. This provides an opportunity for the client to discuss their situation and emotions further. a. This response by the nurse is authoritative and dismissive of the client's concern. c. This response is dismissive and lacks compassion for the client's concern. d. This response by the nurse might provide false hope and can appear dismissive.

A nurse working at a community health center is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus. The client says, "I don't want to lose my vision." Which of the following responses should the nurse make? a. "I have a client that recently lost their vision." b. "It sounds like you are worried about the complications of diabetes." c. "There are many clients who have diabetes that don't end up losing their vision." d. "This happens if you fail to control your blood sugar."

b. "It sounds like you are worried about the complications of diabetes." This is the most appropriate response by the nurse because it acknowledges the client's expressed concerns and encourages further discussion. a. This response by the nurse is inappropriate as it is dismissive, promotes fear, and takes away from the client's concern. c. This response by the nurse is inappropriate because it is dismissive and takes away from the client's concern. d. This response by the nurse is inappropriate because it promotes fear and anxiety.

A nurse is reviewing the records of a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as eligible to receive health insurance under the Medicare program? a. A client who does not have any other kind of health insurance b. A client who is age 65 or older c. A client whose income is below the poverty line d. A client who is below the age of 18

b. A client who is age 65 or older A client who is age 65 or older is eligible to receive health insurance under the Medicare program. a. Current health insurance coverage does not determine whether a client is eligible for the Medicare program. c. Socioeconomic status does not determine whether a client is eligible for the Medicare program. However, this individual may qualify for receiving Medicaid. d. A client who is below the age of 18 is not eligible for Medicare. This type of client would most likely receive health insurance under their parent's program or the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) division of Medicaid.

A nurse is collecting the medical history of a 10-year-old client. The nurse notes that the child avoids eye contact and appears withdrawn. What is the nurse observing? a. A physical sign of abuse b. A nonverbal sign of abuse c. Normal child behavior d. Uncooperative behavior

b. A nonverbal sign of abuse Nurses analyze clients and observe nonverbal cues and risks related to a person's possible exposure to violence. a. The child's behavior is a possible nonverbal clue of child abuse, rather than a physical sign. There are no physical signs evident at this point. c. This is not normal behavior for a school-age child. Children would be expected to engage with the nurse. d. The nurse should not assume that the child is not cooperating. They should instead assess for nonverbal clues of abuse.

A home health nurse is interviewing a client and asks the client, "Have you or your family been exposed to any chemical liquids, fumes, lead, or unusual smells?" Which type of assessment is the nurse conducting? a. Nutritional assessment b. An environmental health assessment c. Mental status assessment d. Faith-based assessment

b. An environmental health assessment The nurse is following standard 18, environmental health, which states that the nurse practices in a manner that advances environmental safety and health. An environmental health assessment looks for exposures to chemical liquids, fumes, lead, or other environmental toxins. a. Nutritional status and assessment is not listed as a standard of practice for nursing professional performance, and is not appropriate when assessing environmental hazards. c. This type of question is not typically asked during a mental status assessment, since a mental status assessment is an evaluation of a client's emotional and cognitive function. d. Faith-based assessment is not a standard of practice that falls under nursing professional performance.

Which of the following steps of the nursing process includes gathering information from a client who requires medical treatment? a. Outcomes identification b. Assessment c. Evaluation d. Implementation

b. Assessment

A nurse is planning to engage in health policy advocacy activities. Which of the following actions is the most direct application of health policy advocacy? a. Watching the news to understand politics b. Interacting with decision makers c. Maintaining client confidentiality d. Performing community assessments

b. Interacting with decision makers The nurse should identify that interacting with decision makers by writing to legislators, meeting with them, and attending town halls is an action that can impact policy making and is the most direct application of health care advocacy. a, c, d: The nurse should identify that health policy advocacy requires actions that increase understanding about how policy works; however, another action is the most direct application of health care advocacy.

A home care nurse is speaking with a parent who saw their child playing with cleaning supplies. The parent is not sure if the child ingested anything. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. Instruct the parent to secure the cleaning supplies in an area that is out of reach of the child. b. Call the poison control center regarding possible chemical exposure. c. Evaluate the parent's understanding of the emergency measures to take in the event of accidental chemical exposure. d. Inform the parent about the risks of exposure to chemical agents.

b. Call the poison control center regarding possible chemical exposure. When using the greatest risk priority framework, the nurse should identify that the greatest risk to the child is toxicity in the event of ingestion or through skin contact of chemical compounds. Chemical compounds found in medications, household cleaners, and automotive materials can be extremely toxic if ingested. Therefore, the first action the nurse should take is to continue to call the poison control center and remain with the child. a. The nurse should instruct the parent to secure all chemicals, including household cleaning supplies, in their original containers and out of the reach of children. However, there is another action that the nurse should take first. c. The nurse should evaluate the parent's understanding of the teaching for both prevention of accidental poisoning as well as the emergency measures to take should this occur. However, there is another action the nurse should take first. d. The nurse should provide education to the parent regarding the harmful effects of chemical agents such as household cleaning products as well as emergency management actions to take in the event of exposure to chemical agents. However, there is another action the nurse should take first.

A public health nurse is participating in a research study to determine how virulent a new virus is. Which of the following mortality measures should the nurse use to calculate this data? a. Cause-specific mortality rate b. Case fatality c. Proportionate mortality d. Age-specific mortality rate

b. Case fatality When analyzing cues, the nurse should use the case fatality equation to calculate how many people diagnosed with a disease die from it. a. Cause specific mortality rate does not illustrate how many people who have the disease die from it but rather how many people in a population die from a specific disease. c. Proportionate mortality illustrates which proportion of death in a population is attributable to specific disease but not how virulent a specific disease is. d. The age-specific mortality rate limits the data to an age range and not a cause.

A community health nurse is involved in community-engaged research in a community in which residents express concerns about social justice. Which of the following community-engaged research principles best addresses their concerns? a. Community-engaged research builds on strengths and resources within the community. b. Community-engaged research facilitates a collaborative, equitable partnership in all phases of research. c. Community-engaged research involves a long-term process and commitment to sustainability. d. Community-engaged research uses systems development with a cyclical process.

b. Community-engaged research facilitates a collaborative, equitable partnership in all phases of research. The nurse identifies that the principle of community-engaged research that best addresses concerns about social justice is that it facilitates a collaborative, equitable partnership in all phases of research, involving an empowering and power-sharing process that attends to social inequalities. a. The nurse identifies that building on strengths and resources within a community is a principle of community-engaged research. However, another principle best addresses concerns about social justice. c. The nurse identifies that a long-term process and commitment to sustainability is a principle of community-engaged research. However, another principle best addresses concerns about social justice. d. The nurse identifies that using systems development with a cyclical process is a principle of community-engaged research. However, another principle best addresses concerns about social justice.

A community health nurse has been tasked with providing a daily expense report of clients that have utilized the community health center for assistance with basic needs. Which of the eight domains of public health nursing practice includes providing data for the health center? a. Domain 8: Leadership and Systems Thinking Skills b. Domain 7: Financial Planning, Evaluation, and Management Skills c. Domain 1: Assessment and Analytic Skills d. Domain 2: Policy Development and Program Planning Skills

b. Domain 7: Financial Planning, Evaluation, and Management Skills The nurse is utilizing this domain by gathering data to understand the expenses within an organization. a. This domain includes competencies addressing the knowledge of public health laws and polices relevant to community and public health nursing. The nurse is not using this domain, since the case focuses on assistance and budget planning. c. This domain focuses on the collection of data to make comparisons. The nurse is not using this domain, since the case does not require the nurse to compare data. d. The nurse is not using this domain because it does not include the competency skills for budgeting.

A nurse at a community clinic is reinforcing education for a newly licensed nurse about nursing advocacy. Which of the following actions should the nurse include as an example of nursing advocacy? a. Recommending surgical and treatment options for care b. Ensuring the client has given informed consent for care c. Discussing the client's medical treatment with a friend of the family to help make decisions d. Influencing the client to make health care decisions based on the nurse's previous experiences

b. Ensuring the client has given informed consent for care As a client advocate, the nurse ensures that the client has the information they need to make decisions about their health care. a. Recommending surgical and treatment options for a client is out of the scope of practice for the nurse. c. Discussing the client's treatment plan with a family friend is not an example of advocacy. On the contrary, this action does not protect the client's right to privacy. d. The nurse should not influence the client and should support the client making their own informed health care decisions.

A community health nurse is assisting with the development of a program aimed at decreasing health issues among community residents who are pregnant. Using FOCUS-PDSA framework, which of the following steps is the first the nurse will take in the quality improvement process? a. Compare post-intervention rates of anemia with pre-intervention rates b. Identify the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy c. Provide a nutrition program for residents who are pregnant d. Search for evidence-based resources about anemia during pregnancy

b. Identify the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy The nurse should identify that the prevalence of anemia is the first step in the PDSA framework: "Find a process to improve." a. The nurse should identify that comparing post-intervention rates with pre-intervention rates is the "Study (analyze) the new data and check the results" step. c. The nurse should identify that implementing a nutrition program is the "Do it; execute the plan" step d. The nurse should identify that searching for evidence-based resources is the third step in the PDSA framework: "Clarify current knowledge of the process."

A public health nurse is speaking with a client about why it is important to be an advocate for the environment. Which of the following reasons should the nurse identify as the primary purpose for environmental advocacy? a. It puts more pressure on politicians to adjust budgets. b. It can help ensure Earth's resources are available in the future. c. It ensures there is an equal balance between the natural and built environment. d. It aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals.

b. It can help ensure Earth's resources are available in the future. Nurses should serve as role models in their community, leading efforts to protect the Earth's precious resources. a. While budgets are important, this is not the primary purpose of advocacy efforts for environmental conservation. c. This is not the primary purpose of advocacy efforts for environmental conservation. If more built environments replace natural environments, it will have devastating effects on Earth's biodiversity in the future. d. While it is good to align actions with goals, that is not the primary purpose of environmental advocacy.

A nurse is providing a presentation to a group of nurses about early public health efforts to improve the health of families. Which of the following nurses should be included in the presentation as working specifically to improve the health of Black families? a. Mary Breckinridge b. Jessie Sleet Scales c. Florence Nightingale d. Lillian Wald

b. Jessie Sleet Scales The nurse should include Jessie Sleet Scales as the nurse who worked specifically to improve the health of Black families. Along with two other Black nurses, Elizabeth Tyler and Edith Carter, Jessie Sleet Scales worked with Black families who had tuberculosis and established the Stillman House to provide care to Black families in New York City. a. Mary Breckinridge started a home care visiting program. c. Florence Nightingale was known as the founder of modern nursing and worked in battlefields and hospitals. d. Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement where she cared for sick and poor immigrants.

A public health nurse is discussing how to improve client outcomes with county legislators. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend to improve outcomes for clients impacted by the cycle of poverty? a. Implementing the Teach Back Method when prescribing medication b. Opening a community health center in an underserved area c. Eliminating the use of client portals or virtual visits d. Replacing Medicare programs with Medigap policies

b. Opening a community health center in an underserved area Opening a community health center in an underserved area could improve care for clients living below the poverty line and improve client outcomes. a. Implementing the Teach Back Method helps health care providers ensure that clients understand medical information. It is not an intervention to improve outcomes for clients living in poverty. c. Providing, not eliminating, patient portals and virtual visits might help to improve outcomes for clients living in poverty. d. Replacing Medicare programs with Medigap policies is not an intervention to improve outcomes for clients living in poverty since a Medigap policy only helps to fill in the "gaps" in Medicare and is sold by private insurance companies, which can be costly.

A nurse is caring for a client who is refusing life-saving treatment due to their religious beliefs. The nurse should identify that this situation is an example of which of the following considerations of the Public Health Code of Ethics? a. Public participation b. Permissibility c. Effectiveness d. Proportionality

b. Permissibility The nurse is demonstrating the ethical consideration of permissibility. Permissibility is considering if the action being considered is ethically wrong even if it were to have a good outcome. a. Public participation is when considering a proposed action, contemplating if all potentially affected stakeholders have had a meaningful opportunity to participate; therefore, there is another ethical consideration the nurse is demonstrating. c. Effectiveness is considering if it is reasonable to expect, based on best-available evidence and experience, that the proposed action would achieve its stated health goals; therefore, there is another ethical consideration the nurse is demonstrating. d. Proportionality is considering if the proposed action shows that public health practitioners are using their power and authority judiciously and with humility; therefore, there is another ethical consideration the nurse is demonstrating.

A nurse is caring for a client that has recently been diagnosed with terminal cancer. Which of the following actions exemplifies compassion? a. Providing nursing care that affirms and upholds a code of ethics. b. Providing nursing care that demonstrates caring service c. Providing nursing care that incorporates knowledge development from scientific advances. d. Providing nursing care that is collaborative with other health professions and disciplines

b. Providing nursing care that demonstrates caring service Caring service describes nursing care that is presented with compassion and dignity. When caring for a client with a terminal diagnosis, it is especially important for nurses to provide care that is led by compassion and characterized by dignifying the client during this vulnerable time. a. This does not represent caring service, but is representative of the element of ethical practice, which reminds nurses of their primary focus, which is centered around the care and the rights of their clients. Nurses should realize that personal actions and judgments affect client lives, so any omissions, substandard care, or negligence must be prevented and cannot be tolerated. c. This action does not represent caring service, but is representative of the element of progress and development. In order to ensure that nurses are providing the most up to date, efficient care, it is important that nurses be cognizant of advances in the relevant field of care and educate the client about these important options available. d. This action does not represent caring service, but is representative of the element of collaboration. Nurses are the primary care plan catalysts for clients, organizing care with the different members of the interdisciplinary health care team.

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a client about primary prevention methods for sexually transmitted infections. The nurse should identify that the teaching reflects which of the following stages of the natural history of disease model? a. Stage of recovery, disability, or death b. Stage of susceptibility c. Incubation period d. Stage of clinical illness

b. Stage of susceptibility When taking the action of providing teaching, the nurse should identify that the stage of susceptibility is prior to exposure, and primary prevention efforts prevent exposure. a. The stage of disease progression is when the manifestations will either become less and the client recovers, or the manifestations will become worse and progress to disability or death. c. The incubation period is the period between exposure and onset of manifestations for infectious disease. d. During the stage of clinical illness, the client experiences manifestations.

Which of the following is a function of a population health nurse? a. Disseminating assessment findings to the community that was assessed b. Supporting clients in managing their own health conditions c. Overseeing the health promotion of the pediatric population in an academic setting d. Giving health education to congregants of a place of worship

b. Supporting clients in managing their own health conditions Population health nurses focus on a population who have specific health conditions and assist them in learning how to manage their own care. a. Disseminating assessment findings is the function of a public health nurse. c. Caring for the pediatric population in academic settings is the function of a school nurse. d. Care of congregants is the function of a faith community nurse.

A nurse is evaluating the social profile of a new adolescent client at a community health clinic. Which of the following actions by the client is the priority for the nurse to address? a. The client reports that they primarily eat fast food while living on a limited budget. b. The client took courses online and experienced cyberbullying. c. The client reports missing classes due to suffering from seasonal allergies. d. The client still journals their feelings about their sister's death 7 years ago.

b. The client took courses online and experienced cyberbullying. When using the greatest risk priority framework, the nurse should identify that this statement is the priority to address as bullying is linked to suicide and is a leading cause of death in people aged 15 to 24. The nurse should follow up with the client on this, as well as gauge the depression and anxiety in this client. a. The nurse should identify that this statement indicates the client might be experiencing economic instability and food insecurity. However, there is another finding that is the priority for the nurse to address. c. Although this information is important for the nurse to document in the client's chart, it is not the priority for the nurse to address. d. The nurse should identify that journaling feelings about a loved one's death is a positive action used to cope with grief and loss. Therefore, there is another option that is the priority.

A nurse is counseling a client who has diabetes mellitus and is considering enrollment in a private managed care program. The policy will cover medical expenses for the client's condition, as well as vision care, but the client's current health care provider is not listed as a contracted provider under the managed care program. Which of the following information should the nurse share with the client? a. The policy does not provide coverage for preexisting conditions. b. The policy does not allow them to keep their current health care provider. c. The policy is only partially provided by the government. d. The policy does not include any supplemental plans.

b. The policy does not allow them to keep their current health care provider. The disadvantage for this client is not being able to see their current health care provider without paying a much higher cost because their primary care physician is not included in the list of medical care providers. a. The policy does provide coverage for preexisting conditions and will cover expenses for the client's diabetes. c. The government does not play a role in a private managed care insurance system. d. The policy does include one supplemental plan. The plan provides vision care.

A community health nurse is planning a program to educate parents and caregivers in the community about childhood immunizations. When incorporating evidence-based practice, the nurse should identify that which of the following is a focus of implementing the program? a. The use of one research article as an example to focus the objectives of the program b. The values and preferences of the community c. The model of evidence-based practice preferred by the provider d. The implementation of interventions that focus on the health of individuals

b. The values and preferences of the community The nurse should recognize that evidence-based practice is a problem-solving process that uses the needs, values, and preferences of the client. a. The nurse should recognize that information from one research article may not completely meet the needs of the program. c. The nurse should recognize that in guiding care in the community, the evidence-based practice process uses the best research evidence and the clinical expertise of the provider, along with the needs, values, and preferences of the community. d. The nurse should recognize that in the practice of community health, the evidence-based practice process is used with the community as the client.

A correctional nurse is caring for a client who was recently injured in the facility. The client is complaining of pain but is not due to receive any more pain medication for a while. Which of the following interventions could the nurse include to achieve the goal of pain relief? a. Give the medication even though it is not due yet b. Using distractions like watching TV to keep the client's mind off the pain c. Use of acupuncture d. Apply heat therapy to the pain area

b. Using distractions like watching TV to keep the client's mind off the pain This is within the nurse's scope of practice to do. The other options either require a provider's prescription or are against standard nursing practice. a. This is not standard nursing practice. c. There's nothing to suggest the client has an order for acupuncture. d. There's nothing to suggest the client has an order for heat therapy.

A nurse should identify a possible health literacy barrier when a client responds with which of the following statements? a. "With practice, I am able to learn new skills pertaining to my health." b. "Let me put my glasses on before I start reading this material." c. "I don't like to read; just tell me what I need to know." d. "My sibling has the same diagnosis, so I know what to expect."

c. "I don't like to read; just tell me what I need to know." The nurse should be able to determine literacy without embarrassing the client. The client may not want to admit their literacy barrier to a health care professional. a. This statement is not indicative of a health literacy related barrier. This statement indicates that the client is open to learning new skills to manage health concerns. b. This statement is not indicative of a health literacy related barrier. The client may need to use glasses in order to read the material effectively. d. This statement is not indicative of a health literacy related barrier.

A nurse is examining their own personal attitudes about vulnerable populations. Which of the following statements reflects an attempt by the nurse to minimize judgment and bias when caring for clients? a. "I will make all comments in a private setting away from clients." b. "I will watch for evidence of bias by members of the health care team." c. "I will reflect on my responses and thoughts when meeting new clients." d. "I will review my actions at the end of the day in the team huddle."

c. "I will reflect on my responses and thoughts when meeting new clients." Nurses must conduct a self-assessment prior to working with clients and groups, since many individuals face discrimination and social disadvantage. a. Many factors place a person/group at risk. Ensuring comments are private protects privacy but does not address judgment and bias. b. Recognizing bias in others does not mean the nurse will recognize personal bias. d. Reviewing actions can provide insight but the delayed reflection can lead to biased interactions.

A community health nurse is preparing an in-service for staff to define the conditions of causation in epidemiological studies. Which of the following descriptions should the nurse use to define a temporal relationship to establish causation? a. "A relationship is biologically possible, and it makes sense." b. "Increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease." c. "The exposure must come before the disease develops." d. "When the exposure is decreased or eliminated, the risk of disease declines or is eliminated."

c. "The exposure must come before the disease develops." When generating solutions, the nurse should prepare to explain that a temporal relationship is a condition in which the exposure must come before the disease develops to establish causation. a. The nurse should prepare to explain that biological plausibility is a condition in which the relationship is biologically possible, and it makes sense to establish causation. b. The nurse should prepare to explain that a dose-response relationship is a condition in which increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease to establish causation. d. The nurse should prepare to explain that if a risk is a cause of a disease, cessation of exposure should create a decline or elimination of risk of disease.

A nurse is caring for a seriously ill newborn at a client's home and is working with the parents to discuss the option of having a critical surgery. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask themselves during the first step of gathering data? a. "Is the dilemma resolved?" b. "Are there other health care team members that need to take action?" c. "What is the ethical issue?" d. "Which ethical principles are pertinent?"

c. "What is the ethical issue?" Part of the first step in the ethical decision-making process is to determine if there is an ethical issue and what might it be. a. This is a question that should be asked in the evaluation step. b. This question is usually asked during the planning/outcomes step. d. This question is usually asked in the diagnosis step.

A community clinic recently added a bilingual nurse to their staff to provide better health teaching with their Hispanic and Latino clients. Which of the following is an indication of improved client health outcomes? a. A client is more aware of the bus schedules in the community. b. A client has found a local daycare for their children. c. A client has stabilized their blood glucose levels d. A client can find a bilingual veterinarian in the neighborhood

c. A client has stabilized their blood glucose levels A client stabilizing their blood glucose levels is an improved health outcome. Nurses that share cultural similarities with the communities they serve are better prepared to communicate, understand, and anticipate their needs in the plan of care achieving health equity. a. Being more aware of the bus schedules in the community is a convenience for the client, but not an improved health outcome. b. Finding a local daycare for their children is a convenience for a client, but not an improved health outcome. d. Finding a bilingual veterinarian in the neighborhood is a convenience for the client, but not an improved health outcome.

A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage liver disease and states, "I am aware of the dangers of continuing to drink, but I am choosing not to stop." Which of the following actions should the nurse take to act as a client advocate? a. Inform the client that they are better off without medical care if they continue to drink. b. Report the client's refusal to comply to the charge nurse and end the discussion. c. Accept the client's decision and offer to be a resource if the client changes their mind. d. Ask the client's family to remove alcohol from the client's home.

c. Accept the client's decision and offer to be a resource if the client changes their mind. The nurse is advocating for the client by ensuring that they have the right to make decisions about their own health. a. The nurse's role does not include judging the client or threatening to withhold medical care for their decisions, an action which goes against client advocacy. b. This action is inappropriate and does not advocate for the client's right to make informed health care decisions. d. This action is not advocating for the client's right to make personal health care decisions.

A home health nurse cares for a neighborhood of diverse clients. Which of the following aspects of cultural diversity should the nurse remember when caring for the clients? a. There should be no variation in the delivery of care among diverse clients. b. Individuals who live in the same neighborhood will accept the same care level c. Caring for diverse clients will require balancing differences and needs d. The nurse should determine the plan of care regardless of client diversity

c. Caring for diverse clients will require balancing differences and needs The nurse should individualize the care given to clients by knowing how different cultural groups perceive health conditions and symptoms, how care is sought out, client preferences about treatments and procedures, treatment plans, decisions about who is included in decisions, and willingness to follow provider recommendations. When the nurse understands these differences, it is easier to develop interventions that reduce risks. Nurses have an opportunity to balance those differences, common needs of all individuals, and the health experience. a. The nurse should individualize the care given to clients by knowing how different cultural groups perceive health conditions and symptoms, how care is sought out, client preferences about treatments and procedures, treatment plans, decisions about who is included in decisions, and willingness to follow provider recommendations. b. The nurse should individualize the care given to clients by knowing how different cultural groups perceive health conditions and symptoms, how care is sought out, client preferences about treatments and procedures, treatment plans, decisions about who is included in decisions, and willingness to follow provider recommendations. d. The nurse should recognize that cultural diversity will have an impact on how different cultural groups perceive health conditions and symptoms, how care is sought out, client preferences about treatments and procedures, treatment plans, decisions about who is included in decisions, and willingness to follow provider recommendations.

A community health nurse is calculating the top three causes of death in a county. Which of the following mortality measures should the nurse use to obtain this data? a. Case fatality b. Crude mortality rate c. Cause-specific mortality rate d. Proportionate mortality

c. Cause-specific mortality rate When analyzing cues, the nurse should use the cause-specific mortality rate for each disease that is expected to contribute the most to mortality. This measure will help the nurse determine the leading causes of deaths in the county. a. Case fatality illustrates how deadly a specific disease is but not how many people have the disease. b. Crude mortality rate is an overall death rate of people of all ages and by all causes. d. Proportionate mortality illustrates which proportion of death in a population is attributable to a specific disease or cause. This is different from cause-specific mortality rate as it is a proportion rather than a rate and considers all causes of death rather than the top three.

A nurse at a public health department is reviewing evidence from Healthy People 2030. Which of the following does the nurse identify as one of the overarching goals of Healthy People 2030? a. Promote, strengthen, and evaluate the nation's efforts to improve health and well-being of all people. b. Increase the proportion of persons with health insurance. c. Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all. d. A society in which all people can achieve their full potential for health and well-being.

c. Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all. The nurse should identify that creating social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all is an overarching goal of Healthy People 2030. a. The nurse should identify the mission of Healthy People 2030 as the promotion, strengthening, and evaluation of efforts to improve health and well-being of all people. b. The nurse should identify that increasing the proportion of persons with health insurance is an objective of Healthy People 2030. d. The nurse should identify a society in which all people can achieve their full potential for health and well-being as the vision of Healthy People 2030.

A nurse is preparing to present an informational session on global warming to a group of clients. Which of the following should the nurse include as the major cause of global warming? a. Lead poisoning b. Ebola outbreak c. Greenhouse gas emissions d. Radon emissions

c. Greenhouse gas emissions Since the Industrial Revolution in the 1950s, a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions have been released into the atmosphere causing global warming, melting of cryosphere, and elevated sea levels. a. Lead-based paint is linked to neurological impairments and is a growing public health concern. b. Ebola is a hemorrhagic infectious disease. d. Radon is a colorless, odorless gas emitted from soil through a home's foundation.

A nurse assisting in a workshop at the local community clinic to address accessibility of health care resources for the people who do not have a home. Which role is the nurse acting as in this situation? a. Nursing entrepreneur b. A professional collaborator c. Educator d. Political advocate

c. Educator The nurse is acting as an educator in this situation. The goal of this endeavor is for nurses to help educate clients regarding resources related to accessibility of health care, so that clients in this community can benefit from important medical procedures and interventions. a. If the nurse were starting a registered business with the express purpose of promoting health care accessibility for this population, the action would be considered entrepreneurial. In this case, however, the nurse is not acting in the role of a nurse entrepreneur. b. The nurse typically collaborates with the interdisciplinary health care team to coordinate patient care. However, in this scenario the nurse is not acting in the role of a professional collaborator. d. Promoting education for health care accessibility is not an example of being a political advocate. The nurse might network with local political organizations for support in making health care accessible for this population, but the nurse is not acting in the primary political advocate role.

A nurse is planning to open a free health care clinic in a low-income, high-crime area. Which of the following terms best describes this type of project? a. Veracity b. Advocacy c. Environmental justice d. Fidelity

c. Environmental justice Environmental justice involves providing resources for those with health disparities to ensure their health care needs are met despite barriers in the environment, such as distance, crime, and poverty. a. Veracity is telling the full and accurate truth. b. Advocacy involves sticking up for the rights of others. d. Fidelity is an ethical virtue characterized by keeping a promise.

A public health nurse will be administering immunizations at a clinic. Which of the following will the nurse want to ask each client before administering the vaccine to ensure safety? a. If there are any questions regarding the client's vaccine schedule b. If they have an immunization card for documentation c. If they have had any past issues or allergies to the vaccine d. If they have a site preference for vaccine administration

c. If they have had any past issues or allergies to the vaccine While all of these questions would need to be asked of the client, past allergies and issues are a priority and the only one addressing the issue of medication safety.

The public health nurse is explaining to a newly licensed nurse how to investigate the incidence of breast cancer in the community. Which of the following information should the nurse provide about calculating the incidence rate? a. The denominator for the incident rate calculation is for the entire population. b. New cases are not considered when calculating an incident rate. c. Incidence includes only people at risk for the disease. d. Incidence is a measure of mortality.

c. Incidence includes only people at risk for the disease. When taking the action of teaching about incidence rate of breast cancer in the community, the nurse should explain that the incidence rate calculation includes only those people at risk for the disease. a. The nurse should explain that the denominator for the incident rate calculation is only for those persons at risk. b. The nurse should explain that new cases are considered in the calculation of an incident rate. d. The nurse should explain that incidence is a measure of morbidity, or illness. Mortality describes deaths from a disease or illness.

A public health nurse is preparing to evaluate primary prevention measures developed by community leaders to decrease health costs associated with individuals who live in poverty. Which of the following programs should the nurse review? a. Free prenatal care provided at the public health department b. Assistance for prescription medications c. Job training sessions d. Providing free diabetes testing supplies

c. Job training sessions Job training sessions is a primary level of prevention. This would increase awareness and promote positive outcomes for employment. a. Free prenatal care is a tertiary level of prevention. This would prevent further complications of pregnancy b. Assistance for prescription medications is a tertiary level of prevention. This would ensure that the client is able to receive their medications and prevent further complications of their conditions. d. The nurse would evaluate a community garden in a food desert as a tertiary level of prevention. Providing free diabetes testing supplies is a tertiary level of prevention. This will allow the client to manage their diabetes to prevent further complications.

An occupational health nurse is attending to a new employee who had an accident at a worksite. Which of the following tasks should the nurse complete as a part of the protocol for an employee injury? a. Order a new medication. b. Initiate safety and audit checks. c. Perform a drug test. d. Vet the injured worker.

c. Perform a drug test. It is the role of the occupational health nurse to investigate an incident in order to understand the true nature of what occurred and to determine causation. Depending on the nature of the incident, the nurse will perform a drug and alcohol test. a. Treating employees that get hurt or ill due to workplace hazards may sometimes involve dispensing medications. However, the nurse will receive an order from the employee's provider who bears the responsibility for ordering the new medication. b. When an employee claims that an illness or injury is related to their work, the nurse will perform actions in association with determining causation. However, this does not include initiating workplace policies such as safety and audit checks, which are preventative measures the nurse would implement at a different time. d. When an employee claims that an illness or injury is related to their work, the nurse will perform actions in association with determining causation to a workplace hazard. Vetting new employees is a preventative action to ensure the prospect is capable of fulfilling job responsibilities, and therefore, would not be performed at this time.

A community health nurse is meeting with city leaders to discuss the effectiveness of community-sponsored secondary prevention interventions on the cost of health care for older adults. Which of the following interventions should the nurse suggest? a. Assisting with giving instructions with prescribed medication compliance b. Providing education materials about the risks for cardiovascular disease and stroke c. Providing screening fairs for diabetes and hypertension d. Offering free vaccination clinics

c. Providing screening fairs for diabetes and hypertension Providing screening fairs for diabetes and hypertension are suggestions for secondary prevention interventions. This will allow early detection of the disease to assist with management. a. Assisting with giving instructions with prescribed medication compliance is a suggestion for tertiary prevention interventions. Since disease is present, the additional instructions about medication compliance will prevent further complications. b. Providing education materials about the risks for cardiovascular disease and stroke is a suggestion for primary prevention interventions. This will allow the population to receive awareness and education about the condition and potentially change behaviors to prevent the occurrence of disease. d. Offering free vaccination clinics is a suggestion for primary prevention interventions. This will prevent the occurrence of disease.

A nurse is discussing with another nurse how health outcomes for underinsured clients can be improved by returning to school to achieve a higher level of education. Which of the following rationales should the nurse include in the discussion? a. Returning to school can enable students to be eligible to receive government grant money set aside for this purpose. b. Improving their education level could provide the client with a broad selection of coverage plans to choose from. c. Returning to school could help a client get a job that allows them to gain access to health insurance that provides more coverage or better benefits. d. Increasing their education level will help the client be approved for program assistance from certain nonprofit organizations.

c. Returning to school could help a client get a job that allows them to gain access to health insurance that provides more coverage or better benefits. Attaining a greater level of education can help a client get a job that allows them to gain access to health insurance that provides more coverage or better benefits. A quality education gives clients the chance to make a living wage, obtain health insurance, and make well-informed health decisions. a. Government-sponsored grant programs often have various criteria that recipients have to meet for eligibility. Educational status to receive medical insurance is not a prerequisite of government grant programs for this purpose. b. Attaining educational degrees is not a requirement for selection of medical insurance plans. d. Nonprofit organizations often provide aid, support, and referrals to individuals based on their actual need, not their educational status.

A community health nurse is working in a rural area where there are many homes built before the 1970s. To promote good health, which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Partner with local churches and write grants for childcare funding towards affordable daycares in the area. b. Advocate for more transportation to health care facilities. c. Teach residents about the dangers of lead-based paint. d. Partner with a nonprofit organization for the farmers' market to sell fresh produce twice a week.

c. Teach residents about the dangers of lead-based paint. Lead education is addressing built environments. Education would be needed and is required by law for rental properties to disclose and educate against potential lead poisoning. a. This addresses the economic stability and social and community context. b. This addresses the issue of access to healthcare. d. This relates to issues regarding the neighborhood and built environment.

A nurse is researching the effects of health care costs on the gross domestic product (GDP) in the U.S. Which statement reflects the nurse's understanding of the GDP? a. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Gross National Product (GNP) are the same measure b. The GDP excludes health care costs c. The GDP is based on the value of all products and services produced and consumed within a country d. The GDP is an overall measure of the standard of living in a country

c. The GDP is based on the value of all products and services produced and consumed within a country The nurse should identify the GDP as the value of all products and services produced and consumed within a country. a. The nurse should identify that the GDP reflects output from goods and services within a country, while the GNP reflects output from goods and services from a country's businesses or individuals located nationally and internationally. b. The nurse should identify that the United States government spends approximately 17% of the GDP on health care. d. The nurse should identify that the GDP is based on the value of all products and services within a country and is not a measure of the standard of living of a country.

A nurse in a wellness center is preparing a presentation about the impacts of quality measurements on federal funding for the center. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a survey of quality that impacts federal funding? a. The Joint Commission (TJC) b. Healthy People c. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) d. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

c. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) HCAHPS is a survey of quality that impacts federal funding based on client experiences with the facility. a. The Joint Commission is an agency that establishes client safety guidelines and accredits hospitals, but it is not a survey of quality. b. Healthy People was developed to identify emerging health issues and present strategies for improving the health of the American people, but it is not an indicator of quality. d. The AHRQ is a government agency that developed the HCAHPS and promotes evidence-based practice and produces clinical standards, guidelines, and quality reports, but it is not a survey that indicates quality.

A community health nurse is reinforcing an additional educational training on diabetes mellitus due to the increased number of diabetic clients within the community. Which of the following elements of Nursing's Social Contract is the nurse demonstrating? a. Collaboration b. Title and Practice Protection c. Workforce Sustainability d. Freedom to Practice

c. Workforce Sustainability The nurse is demonstrating the element of Workforce Sustainability of Nursing's Social Contract. Workforce Sustainability involves strategic planning that helps to address workforce capacity and includes increasing access to nursing education. a. The nurse is not demonstrating the element of Collaboration of Nursing's Social Contract. This element relates to working with others but does not necessarily involve expanding access to nursing education. b. The nurse is not demonstrating the element of Title and Practice Protection of Nursing's Social Contract. This element relates to nursing licensure but does not necessarily involve expanding access to nursing education. d. The nurse is not demonstrating the element of Freedom to Practice of Nursing's Social Contract. This element relates to authority and freedom to practice nursing but does not necessarily involve expanding access to nursing education.

An occupational health nurse is implementing some tertiary levels of prevention in the workplace. Which of the following interventions are tertiary interventions? a. Administering the annual flu vaccine to the employees b. Screening the staff for Tuberculosis (TB) exposure c. Working with the floor manager to decide on some light duty work for a nurse aid who is recovering from a broken ankle d. Conducting an in-service on using the new patient lift device to prevent back injuries in the nursing staff

c. Working with the floor manager to decide on some light duty work for a nurse aid who is recovering from a broken ankle This an example of tertiary level of care as the employee already has a health issue and is in need of altered job tasks so as to not hinder recovery. a. This is a primary level of prevention. b. This is a secondary level of prevention. d. The in-service is a primary level of prevention.

A community health nurse is speaking to a group of nursing students about various major health organizations. Which of the following agencies should the community health nurse identify as the agency that works with children around the world to provide emergency relief? a. Administration for Children and Families (ACF) b. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP) c.. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) d. Administration for Community Living (ACL)

c.. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) The nurse should identify UNICEF as the agency that works with children around the world to provide emergency relief. a. The ACF is a U.S. organization that works with families. b. The ODPHP sets national health goals. d. The ACL is a U.S. agency that works with older adults.

A nurse manager in a community clinic is explaining the concept of culture to a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse manager use to describe a subculture? a. "A subculture is differences that occur in race, color, ethnicity, and national origin." b. "A subculture is differences that occur in race, color, ethnicity, and national origin." c. "Subculture is an ability to practice openness to new ways of thinking." d. "A subculture is a variation within an ethnic or cultural group."

d. "A subculture is a variation within an ethnic or cultural group." The nurse manager should explain that a subculture, or subgroup, occurs when variations within an ethnic or cultural group exists.

A community health nurse is teaching a group of community members about disaster preparedness. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching about when to plan for a disaster? a. "Planning for a disaster should happen after a disaster occurs." b. "Planning for a disaster is pointless because disasters are unpredictable." c. "Planning for a disaster should occur during the disaster." d. "Planning for a disaster should happen before a disaster occurs."

d. "Planning for a disaster should happen before a disaster occurs." The best time to plan for a disaster is before one occurs. a. While it is effective to evaluate and revise disaster plans after a disaster has occurred, the initial planning should be done prior to the occurrence of a disaster. b. Although disasters can be unpredictable, the best way to minimize loss of life and property and aid in recovery is through disaster planning. c. Planning for a disaster should always start prior to a disaster.

A nurse is providing care to a client from a different culture during a health fair. Which action by the nurse indicates cultural competence? a. Assesses clients for chronic illness b. Speaks a different language c. Develops communication skills d. Interacts effectively in a multicultural context

d. Interacts effectively in a multicultural context The nurse should be aware that cultural optimal cultural competence embraces diversity, requires ongoing learning, and fosters multicultural work-place harmony.

A nurse is discussing ethical issues associated with telehealth with a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the discussion as an ethical concern related to telehealth? a. "Telehealth will worsen health inequities." b. "Telehealth encounters are expensive." c. "Telehealth may disadvantage those without access to a computer." d. "Telehealth can compromise client confidentiality."

d. "Telehealth can compromise client confidentiality." The confidentiality of what transpires during the encounter is an ethical concern as the provider cannot control who may be present at the client location or guarantee the security of client devices. Therefore, the nurse should include this statement in the discussion. a. Telehealth is expected to reduce, not worsen, inequities. b. The use of telehealth is expected to decrease the cost of health care. c. While there is concern about access to computers, this is not an ethical concern since telehealth visits can be accomplished using a smartphone.

A public health nurse is discussing the major effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates understanding of the major effects the ACA had on health inequities in their community? a. "The ACA has improved quality and safety in hospitals." b. "The ACA allows for quality performance measures to be used to reimburse hospitals." c. "The ACA allows hospitals to receive less reimbursements for preventable readmissions." d. "The ACA has enabled clients with pre-existing conditions to obtain health insurance."

d. "The ACA has enabled clients with pre-existing conditions to obtain health insurance." The ACA has given clients who have pre-existing conditions the ability to obtain affordable health insurance, which was a significant inequality of the prior health care reform. a. The nurse recognizes that improvements in quality and safety of health care were a result of the ACA. However, another effect addressed a major inequity in the health care system. b. The nurse recognizes that changing the way hospitals are paid based on quality performance measures was a result of the ACA. However, another effect addressed a major inequity in the health care system. c. The nurse identifies that a reduction in Medicare payments to hospitals for preventable readmissions was a result of the ACA. However, another effect addressed a major inequity in the health care system.

A case management nurse is discussing medicalization with a group of newly hired nurses. Which of the following statements by one of the nurses indicates an understanding of "medicalization"? a. "Medicalization is a process designed to help people and organizations save money on medications." b. "Medicalization is a law that facilitates access to prescription medications for uninsured clients." c. "Medicalization is a way to pay for medications." d. 'Medicalization is the practice of prescribing medications for conditions that could be treated using nonpharmacological strategies."

d. 'Medicalization is the practice of prescribing medications for conditions that could be treated using nonpharmacological strategies." Medicalization refers to prescribing medications for conditions that could be treated with nonpharmacological strategies such as diet, exercise, and financial support. The case management nurse should identify that this statement indicates understanding of medicalization. a. Medicalization results in more clients being eligible to receive prescription medications, which increases costs for both individuals and health care organizations. b. Medicalization is a practice that makes it harder for clients who are uninsured to receive prescription medications. c. Medicalization is the practice of prescribing medications to treat conditions that could be treated using nonpharmacological strategies. Medicalization does not provide a way to pay for the medications that are prescribed.

A nurse in a community health organization is teaching newly hired nurses about the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS). The nurse should include that there are how many questions on the survey for the nurses to address? a. 52 items b. 43 items c. 10 items d. 29 items

d. 29 items The survey contains 29 items, including questions about the direct care of nursing while in the health care facility.

A nurse is reviewing the records of a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as eligible to receive health insurance under the Medicaid program? a. A client who has health insurance but requires a supplemental policy b. A client who has health insurance from their job but is recently unemployed c. A client who is a young adult between the ages of 18 to 25 d. A client whose income is below the poverty line

d. A client whose income is below the poverty line Medicaid is a joint federal and state program that provides coverage for health services for clients with limited income and resources. Socioeconomic status determines whether a client is eligible. a. A client who already has health insurance is not eligible for the Medicaid program. b. A client who already has health insurance is not eligible for the Medicaid program. This type of individual most likely will continue to receive insurance under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) benefits program. c. Age does not determine eligibility for Medicaid. Eligibility would be dependent upon socioeconomic factors rather than age.

A public health nurse is involved in community-engaged research related to reasons for low immunization rates of children in county public schools. Which of the following situations does the nurse recognize as a potential ethical issue involving recruitment of research participants or confidentiality of information? a. A primary care clinic offers use of their conference room for data collection. b. The leader of the data collection team delivers supplies to the team members at their homes. c. The owner of a local store donates supplies for data collection. d. A school principal offers to provide immunization records of students.

d. A school principal offers to provide immunization records of students. The nurse should identify that the principal offering to provide immunization records of students is a potential ethical issue involving confidentiality of information. a. The nurse should identify that the primary care clinic offering the use of their conference room for data collection does not involve a potential ethical concern related to recruitment of research participants or confidentiality of information. b. The nurse should identify that the leader of the data collection team delivering supplies to team members at their homes does not involve a potential ethical concern related to recruitment of research participants or confidentiality of information. c. The nurse should identify that the owner of a local store donating supplies for data collection does not involve a potential ethical concern related to recruitment of research participants or confidentiality of information.

A public health nurse is orienting a newly licensed nurse to the job. The new nurse cannot remember what the "A" stands for in the I PREPARE mnemonic. Which of the following terms is correct? a. Acknowledge b. Assess c. Apply d. Activities

d. Activities I PREPARE: I = Investigate potential exposure; P = Present work; R = Residence; E = Environmental concerns; P = Past work; A = Activities; R =Referrals and Resources; E = Educate

A nurse is speaking to a group of newly licensed nurses about how the QSEN competencies were integrated into their nursing school curriculum. Which of the following competencies should the nurse expect the newly licensed nurses to identify as the competency they were most prepared to address as students? a. Teamwork and collaboration b. Quality improvement c. Evidence-based practice d. Patient-centered care

d. Patient-centered care Student nurses report being most prepared to address patient-centered care. a, b, & c: Student nurses report being most prepared to address patient-centered care.

A nurse is caring for a client who has reported experiencing abuse at home. Which of the following actions should be a priority for the nurse? a. Implement a safety plan. b. Instruct the client on how to leave the relationship. c. Refer the client to a community support group. d. Assess risk for immediate harm.

d. Assess risk for immediate harm. The top priority for the nurse would be to establish safety and prevent further immediate harm.

A home health nurse is working with assistive personnel (AP) to care for a client in their home. Which of the following tasks can the nurse assign to the AP? a. Notify the case manager of the client's wishes for community resources. b. Review the client's medications c. Assess the client's wound. d. Assist the client with bathing and oral care.

d. Assist the client with bathing and oral care. The AP can assist with ADLs, such as personal hygiene. All the other tasks can only be done by an LPN or an RN. a & b: can only be performed by an RN or LPN c: can only be performed by an RN

A nurse is caring for a client who practices the Muslim faith. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an acceptable dietary option for this client? a. Alcohol beverages b. Sausage c. Pork chops d. Chicken

d. Chicken The nurse should identify chicken as an acceptable dietary option for this client. The nurse should recognize that for Muslim clients, rules concerning diet include no alcohol, animal fats, pork, by-products of pork or any meat not prepared according to Islamic custom. Ramadan fast for Muslims, occurs from sunrise to sunset and can take the form of no water and no food.

A nurse in a clinic is caring for a child who has an acute condition. At the end of the visit, the child's young adult parent states, "Although I have a job, I have two more children at home. I don't have any health insurance for my children and can't afford to pay for this office visit." Which of the following resources should the nurse recommend for the parent? a. Health care savings account b. Medicare c. TRICARE d. Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

d. Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) CHIP is a governmental program that provides health insurance for children whom parents/guardians meet the income requirements to be eligible for enrollment. Since the parent has more children, this would be a resource for the parent to seek health insurance. a. Health care savings account are available to most people through their insurance providers or employers. Since the parent have more children, this is not the appropriate resource to recommend. b. Medicare provides health coverage to individuals ages 65 years and older. c. TRICARE is a federal, taxpayer funded insurance program for military, military families, and military veterans.

A nurse is assessing an individual in the emergency department following an accidental gun injury sustained while cleaning the firearm. The individual shares a home with another adult and 3 children. The nurse should include which of the following in the plan of care? a. Check with the police to see if the gun is legally owned b. Refer the client to community resources for suicide prevention c. Advise the client that all guns should be removed from the home d. Educate the client about gun safety and securing access to firearms in the home

d. Educate the client about gun safety and securing access to firearms in the home Maintaining firearm safety in the home is a primary way of preventing gun violence and injury. a. The nurse's role is to assess and evaluate the client's risk of harm, not determine the legality of gun ownership. b. The assessment determines that the shooting was accidental and not intentionally self-inflicted. c. Legally-owned guns are legal in the home, and a client should not be expected to remove guns from their home as it is their right to own them.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client whom the nurse suspects has experienced abuse by a nonpartner. Which of the following principles does the nurse demonstrate by reporting their concern to a supervisor? a. Trusting relationships b. Social justice c. Accountability d. Ethical decision-making

d. Ethical decision-making The nurse is demonstrating ethical decision-making by notifying their supervisor regarding the well-being of the client. Nurses need be able to recognize when ethical dilemmas occur and be able to apply ethical principles, client values, and professional ethics to ensure safety of the client. a. Trusting relationships is part of the code of ethics that suggests the nurse builds trusting relationships and respects choices. b. Social justice is the ethical principle of fairness, commitment to provide fair treatment on the basis of equality and equity, and this is not one of the process steps in ethical dilemma decision-making. c. Accountability is part of the code of ethics that suggest the nurse takes responsibility for decisions and actions.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client in an acute setting. The client is malnourished and has bruising on the upper extremities. The nurse communicates concerns with the provider and manager. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next? a. Call law enforcement to report the injuries b. Refer the client to the local senior citizen center for day care c. Contact protective services for an evaluation of the client's living conditions d. Follow the facility's process to report suspected abuse

d. Follow the facility's process to report suspected abuse The nurse should follow the institution's policies on reporting suspected abuse. a. This is an important step to take once the nurse has followed the policy on reporting abuse. b. This is a strategy for protection and support, but not for those in immediate danger. c. This is an important step to take once the nurse has followed the policy on reporting abuse.

A community health nurse is reflecting on unconscious feelings they may have toward some of the clients they care for. The nurse should identify this as which of the following concepts of cultural competence? a. Color discrimination b. Stereotyping c. Explicit bias d. Implicit bias

d. Implicit bias The nurse should identify that being unconscious or unaware of their own negative thoughts and feelings of other individuals is implicit bias. a. The nurse should identify that treating persons differently than others based on their skin pigmentation is color discrimination. b. The nurse should identify that having a simplified belief about a person or group and failing to recognize individuality is stereotyping. c. The nurse should identify that being conscious or aware of their own negative thoughts and feelings of other individuals is explicit bias.

A nurse in an emergency department often sees victims of intimate partner violence. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when caring for victims of violence? a. Tell the client ways to avoid making their partner angry to prevent intimate partner violence. b. Provide the client with strategies for interacting with others in social situations. c. The nurse instructs the client on ways to behave to prevent making their partner angry. d. Provide the client with information on resources in the community to support victims of violence.

d. Provide the client with information on resources in the community to support victims of violence. The nurse should provide resources to support all victims of violence and not assume they are responsible for harm caused by others. a. The client is not responsible for abuse by their partner. b. The nurse should not be providing strategies on how to interact with others in social situations. c. A client is not responsible for abuse by their partner.

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a planning board on strategies that would help older adults remain in their homes as they age. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the presentation? a. Focusing care and resources on morbidity and mortality b. Increasing the number of advanced practice nurses c. Expanding the number of communities designed for older adults d. Providing assistance with minor home repairs and modifications

d. Providing assistance with minor home repairs and modifications Many older adult clients could stay in their homes with minor home modifications, such as ramps and grab bars, which help to maintain the safety of the client. This strategy should be included in the presentation. a. The aging of the population requires a shift in focus away from morbidity and mortality to issues related to quality of life. b. The type of care needed to "age in place" is personal care, which does not require advanced education. c. Many older adult clients cannot afford to live in these communities.

A school nurse is helping a special needs student with tube feeding during the lunch hour. Which of the following levels of prevention does this fall under? a. Quaternary b. Secondary c. Primary d. Tertiary

d. Tertiary This is an example of tertiary level of prevention. a. This is not a public health level of prevention. b. This level of prevention focuses on identifying those with early disease before symptoms develop. c. Primary prevention focuses on the well population and health promotion

A nurse working in a rehabilitation center interacts with registered nurses (RN) and practical nurses (PN). The nurse is concerned that one of the practical nurses is being bullied by a registered nurse. Which of the following behaviors would indicate bullying? a. The RN supports the PN when they have been threatened by a client b. The RN advocates for the PN when they have experienced hostile remarks. c. The RN assists the PN with the transfer of patients from bed to chair once they have completed making rounds. d. The RN assigns the PN to clients who require the most extensive care

d. The RN assigns the PN to clients who require the most extensive care Misuse of power is a form of bullying. a, b, & c: Supporting peers creates a respectful workplace culture.

The nurse is in a maternal/child unit and is caring for a new parent. The new parent expresses concern about their safety in the home. The nurse provides the client with an intimate partner violence crisis center number. Which of the following is a way the nurse can evaluate the client's response to the safety plan? a. The client thanks the nurse for the information. b. The client thinks their home will be safer now that there is a baby in the house. c. The client explains they are not planning to leave their home. d. The client puts the number of the crisis center into their phone.

d. The client puts the number of the crisis center into their phone. This is an example of the client putting their safety plan in action. a, b, & c: The client has not demonstrated taking action with the safety plan.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly licensed community nurse about the benefits of being part of the American Nurses Association (ANA). Which response by the newly licensed nurse indicates understanding of the information presented? a. "I will join the ANA to stay current with my specialty and to keep up with trends in nursing." b. "I will be able to lend my support to nursing regulators to fulfill their mandate to protect the public." c. "I would like to use my experience to provide solutions to the growing mental health concerns in our society." d. "I have ideas for a universal approach to empathetic care in nursing which I'd like to share with hospital systems nationally."

a. "I will join the ANA to stay current with my specialty and to keep up with trends in nursing." The ANA's Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice document states the purpose of the ANA is to provide high standards of nursing practice and promote the education and welfare of all nursing roles by defining nursing practice and lobbying for legislation that affects nurses' welfare and practice. b. The nurse did not understand the teaching regarding the ANA. If the nurse wants to participate in lending support to regulatory bodies, then joining committees of State Boards of Nursing is appropriate. c. This statement shows the nurse did not understand the teaching about the ANA. A nurse might be able to apply evidence to provide solutions to growing mental health concerns by practicing holistically with patients and joining their state chapter of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA). d. This statement shows the nurse did not understand the teaching about the ANA. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (aka National Academy of Medicine Committee on the Future of Nursing) produces reports for the nursing profession and helps the U.S. create a culture of health, reduce health disparities, and improve the health and well-being of the nation's population.

A public health nurse is reviewing the records of a group of clients who have a low socioeconomic status. The nurse should identify that which of the following clients are most likely to experience long-term economic stability? a. An older adult couple living in a community where goods and services are within walking distance b. A single parent of two children who uses ride-share services c. A young family regularly using public transportation services to acquire goods and services d. A client who has diabetes mellitus and regularly relies upon a family member for transportation

a. An older adult couple living in a community where goods and services are within walking distance When clients live in a community where goods and services are within walking distance, a healthy lifestyle becomes attainable and long-term economic stability is promoted. b. A single parent of two children who has a low socioeconomic status may become economically burdened from using ride-share services because paying for these services can become costly. c. For clients who have a low socioeconomic status, the costs associated with these services can become an economic burden and do not promote economic stability. d. While this is an effective short-term solution, this is not always a reliable long-term solution. It is important to ensure that clients who have chronic health conditions are assisted with securing acceptable long-term solutions. Unreliable transportation can lead to noncompliance and negatively affect health outcomes.

A public health nurse is comparing mortality rates in their state to overall mortality rates in the U.S. Which of the following mortality rates should the nurse use for this comparison? a. Proportionate mortality b. Crude mortality rate c. Case fatality d. Cause-specific mortality rate

b. Crude mortality rate When analyzing cues, the nurse should use the crude mortality rate, which is an overall death rate of all people of all ages and by all causes, to compare mortality rates in their state to overall mortality in the US. a. Proportionate mortality illustrates which proportion of death in a population is attributable to specific disease or cause and is not an overall death rate. c. Case fatality illustrates how deadly a specific disease is but not how many people have the disease. d. Cause-specific mortality rate limits the death rate to a specific cause, not overall mortality.

A nurse has been found guilty of medication mismanagement at the community clinic. The nurse was fired and the nurse manager was obligated to report the event. Which organization has the legal obligation to enforce the laws and rules found in a Nurse Practice Act? a. The local judicial system b. The State Board of Nursing c. Government agencies for health d. Administrative law judges for the government

b. The State Board of Nursing Boards of Nursing in each state are legislatively empowered to enforce the laws and rules contained in Nurse Practice Acts. a. The local judicial system does not enforce Nurse Practice Acts. c. Nurse Practice Acts are not governed or empowered by federal government agencies. d. Nurse Practice Acts are enforced by state nursing boards. Although an administrative law judge may be assigned to a case, they do not govern or enforce the laws of the Nurse Practice Acts.

Some elderly people with health issues in a more established neighborhood are on fixed incomes and have trouble getting around. Which of the following could the community health nurse do to assist them? a. Teach residents about the dangers of lead-based paint. b. Partner with a nonprofit organization for the local farmers' market to sell fresh produce twice a week. c. Advocate for more transportation to health care facilities. d. Partner with local churches and write grants for childcare funding towards affordable daycares in the area.

c. Advocate for more transportation to health care facilities. Arranging for transportation services for this population to get to health services or other places is the only thing to be done to address this problem. a. Although this is a neighborhood and built environment issue, it does not improve mobility. b. Although this is a neighborhood and built environment issue, it does not improve mobility. d. This is a social and community context issue.

A nurse is reviewing epidemiological information on environmental pollutants within the community. Which of the following pathophysiologies due to hazardous exposure should the nurse anticipate among manual labor workers? a. Multiple sclerosis b. Alopecia c. Influenza d. Hearing loss

d. Hearing loss Hazardous exposures where a client works may have a detrimental impact on health. Such exposures, which are more common for manual labor workers, can precipitate lung disease, cancer, hearing loss, and heat stroke. a. Multiple sclerosis is not identified as a pathological condition among manual labor workers due to hazardous exposure on the job. It is caused by an abnormal immune response, resulting in inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. b. Alopecia, or hair loss, does not result from hazardous exposure of built environments for manual labor workers. Alopecia typically is a genetic condition, but may result from hormonal changes, medical conditions, or as a normal part of the aging process. c. Influenza is an airborne respiratory virus that attacks an individual's nose, throat and lungs. It does not result from hazardous exposure of built environments for manual workers. It is transmitted via respiratory droplets by an infected host.

A school nurse is assessing an adolescent client who indicates they have been experiencing depression due to a recent move. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement? a. Encourage the client to engage in more physical activity, such as joining a sports team. b. Recommend the client obtain a part-time job. c. Arrange a visit with a neurologist. d. Schedule an appointment with a school-based counselor

d. Schedule an appointment with a school-based counselor Scheduling an appointment with a school-based counselor would help the client by providing a foundation to establish medical care and make referrals to appropriate members of the health care team to begin to address the client's need for mental health wellness. a. Engaging in more physical activity would help improve the client's overall health, but would not address the client's depression, which is the immediate need that the nurse must first prioritize. b. Suggesting that the client obtain a part-time job would not improve the outcome for this client. The nurse must perceive the client's immediate need and address this need first. c. Arranging a visit with a neurologist would not be the most appropriate action to take with the depressive symptoms presented.