Engler Chapter 10 Dynamics of Personality

C

According to Allport, cardinal dispositions a) are more common in women than in men. b) change in a discontinuous manner throughout the life span. c) influence almost every behavior of the individual. d) are only found in criminals.

B

A psychologist is administering an assessment technique to a client. The psychologist shows the client cards with ambiguous scenes on them. The client makes up stories to go along with each card. This assessment technique is most likely the a) Rorschach Inkblot Technique. b) Thematic Apperception Test. c) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. d) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

B

A researcher undertakes a nomothetic study, which means that she will be working with a) single individuals. b) large groups of subjects. c) mentally abnormal subjects. d) healthy subjects.

A

A teenage boy begins to drink alcohol as an act of rebellion against his parents. As an adult, he continues to drink, even though his parents have passed away. His adulthood drinking exemplifies a) perseverative functional autonomy. b) propriate functional autonomy. c) dominance needs. d) play needs.

C

A well-known assessment device developed by Murray is the a) Draw-a-Person Test. b) Multiphasic Personality Inventory. c) Thematic Apperception Test. d) Rorschach Inkblot Test.

A

According to Allport, the propriate function of ___________ refers to one's sense of possession and the valuing of others. a) self-extension b) self-esteem c) bodily self d) self-as-rational-coper

B

According to Allport, the propriate function of ___________ refers to one's sense of pride in the ability to do things. a) self-as-rational-coper b) self-esteem c) bodily self d) self-extension

C

According to a continuity theory of personality, personality a) does not change. b) changes qualitatively. c) changes quantitatively. d) exists only as a fictional entity.

A

Allport believed that cardinal dispositions a) are rarely found. b) do not exist at all in contemporary society. c) are less influential on behavior than central dispositions. d) describe groups of people rather than individuals.

B

Allport refers to the concept of personality as a hypothetical construct because a) it is an imaginary concept. b) we cannot observe it directly at the present time. c) it will never be verifiable. d) its existence is irrelevant.

B

Allport suggests that the construct of personal disposition is necessary to a) demonstrate that many traits are shared. b) express the unique individuality of each person. c) permit us to make comparisons between individuals. d) allow for statistical measurements and procedures.

C

Allport would describe addictions and compulsive, repetitive activities with the term a) propriate functional autonomy. b) propriate strivings. c) perseverative functional autonomy. d) perseverative strivings.

B

Allport's concept of the proprium emphasizes a) responses to the past. b) forward movement. c) unconscious factors. d) instinctual forces.

C

Allport's definition of personality reads as follows: "Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those ________ that determine his characteristic behavior and thought." a) intrapsychic phenomena b) collective archetypes c) psychophysical systems d) response hierarchies

C

Ana is beginning to develop a sense that she is measuring up to the expectations of those around her. In other words, she is engaging in Allport's propriate function of a) bodily self. b) self-identity. c) self-image. d) propriate striving.

D

Enrique, a slight, weak eight-year-old, unconsciously seeks as friends other boys who are strong, helpful, and sympathetic. On Murray's list of needs, Enrique would probably score high on which of the following? a) Dominance b) Aggression c) Order d) Succorance

B

Studies such as Allport's analysis of the letters from Jenny are characteristic of which type of approach? a) Contemporary trait b) Idiographic c) Multidimensional d) Nomothetic

C

For Allport, maturity entails a a) clear understanding of one's past. b) conscience that dictates what one must do to gain others' approval. c) plan that encompasses goals and purposes. d) perseverative functional autonomy.

B

In Allport's study of racial and religious prejudice, what does he see as contributing to the belief that a group is inferior? a) The group's inherent inferiority b) The traits that the minority group develops in trying to adapt c) The minority group's basic antisocial tendencies d) The similarity in traits between the minority and the majority group

B

In Allport's theory, common traits refer to which aspects of personality? a) Those that are unique to each person b) Those that allow comparison of individuals within a culture c) Those that cannot be measured statistically d) Those that are universal

A

In Murray's theory, a ________ is a force in the brain that organizes our perceptions, understanding, and behavior so that it changes our situation for the better. a) need b) drive c) motive d) response

C

In discontinuity theories, growth a) represents an accumulation of skills, habits, and discrimination. b) represents an increase of inputs into the organism. c) is manifested by radical changes in the structure of personality. d) is merely quantitative in nature.

A

In order of decreasing influence on behavior, the types of personal dispositions described by Allport are a) cardinal, central, and secondary. b) central, cardinal, and secondary. c) secondary, cardinal, and central. d) secondary, central, and cardinal.

B

In the study of personality, Murray advocated a(n) ________ approach, which was unprecedented. a) historical b) interdisciplinary c) philosophical d) pragmatic

C

Megan, a sixteen-year-old, refuses to be seen in public with her parents because she is so concerned about being embarrassed in front of her friends. On Murray's list of needs, Megan would probably score high on which of the following? a) Abasement b) Counteraction c) Infavoidance d) Succorance

C

Murray defined a proceeding as a a) mental process that enables us to develop strategies for coping. b) plan for resolving interpersonal conflicts. c) short, significant interaction that has a clear beginning and an ending. d) succession of serials.

B

Murray described his study of human lives and the factors that influence them as a) analytical psychology. b) personology. c) psychophysics. d) individual psychology.

B

Murray describes a force from objects or persons within the environment that helps or hinders a person's efforts to reach a goal as a a) vector. b) press. c) variable. d) need.

C

Omar is a young man who is known for his tenacity and perseverance. When he struggles or fails, he reliably continues to put forth effort. Omar would probably score high on which of Murray's needs? a) Order b) Dominance c) Counteraction d) Exhibition

C

One of Allport's findings regarding the relationship between religious attitudes and prejudice is that a) both intrinsic and extrinsic attitudes correlate with a high degree of prejudice. b) neither an intrinsic nor an extrinsic attitude correlates with prejudice. c) an extrinsic attitude is correlated with prejudice, whereas an intrinsic attitude is not. d) an intrinsic attitude is correlated with prejudice, whereas an extrinsic attitude is not.

B

Teresa describes her boyfriend to her therapist. At the beginning of the description, Teresa mentions some of the essential personality traits that her boyfriend usually displays. As the conversation continues, Teresa speaks in more detail about her boyfriend's personality, including his tendencies in particular situations. The latter part of this conversation focused on her boyfriend's a) affiliation needs. b) secondary dispositions. c) central dispositions. d) defendance needs.

A

Ray scores high on Murray's need for rejection, which indicates that Ray has a strong tendency to a) exclude others. b) feel rejected by others. c) behave independently. d) stay away from danger.

A

Sean is extremely dependent on other people. In fact, his dependency is so pervasive that almost all of Sean's behavior is influenced by it. In other words, Sean's dependency is a a) cardinal disposition. b) central disposition. c) secondary disposition. d) proprium.

B

The number of central dispositions necessary to describe an individual normally ranges between a) one and four. b) five and ten. c) eleven and fourteen. d) fifteen and twenty.

D

The propriate function characterized by an emerging view of oneself as an active problem-solving agent is called a) self-image. b) self-extension. c) propriate striving. d) self-as-rational-coper.

A

The propriate function characterized by development of long-term purposes and goals is a) propriate striving. b) self-as-rational-coper. c) self-identity. d) self-image.

B

What was Murray's purpose in creating the concept of a proceeding? a) To enrich the study of personality by eliminating unnecessary data. b) To separate the total behavior of a person into identifiable and manageable units. c) To simplify the study of personality by limiting it to behaviors conducted alone. d) To illustrate the complexity of personality and behavior.

D

When Debbie realizes that she left her wallet at home and can't pay for her meal at a restaurant, she heaves a sigh, blushes furiously, and stammers as she asked the waiter if she can speak to the manager. Which of the preceding LEAST illustrates the expressive aspects of Debbie's behavior? a) Heaving a sigh b) Blushing furiously c) Stammering d) Asking to speak to the manager

C

When Dr. Wong wrote a letter of recommendation for one of his students, he used about a half-dozen adjectives to describe her essential personality characteristics. In other words, he listed her a) cardinal dispositions. b) tertiary dispositions. c) central dispositions. d) secondary dispositions.

C

What is Allport's view of the role of neurosis versus health in personality theory? a) Neurosis versus health may be seen as a continuous dimension. b) To understand health, we must understand neurosis. c) We need a positive rather than a negative definition of health and maturity. d) Health is best viewed as the absence of neurotic symptoms.

B

What testing procedure is used in the administration of the TAT? a) The person answers multiple-choice questions. b) The person is asked to make up stories about ambiguous pictures. c) The person has to draw a house, a person, and a tree. d) The person is asked to interpret a series of inkblots.

C

Which of the following describes the individual's cardinal disposition(s)? a) Sherlock Holmes was stubborn, persistent, disorganized, and arrogant, and he was a misogynist. b) Thomas Jefferson was a man of many talents. c) King Solomon was known for his wisdom. d) A well-known boxer was tough in the ring but gentle when he played with his kitten.

B

Which of the following is an example of propriate functional autonomy? a) A rat in a maze is sated and no longer hungry, so it stops running through the maze. b) A person who had to work odd jobs to be able to buy food keeps working after winning a huge amount of money in a lottery. c) A student is tired of studying, so she goes to sleep even though she is not prepared for the test that she will be taking in the morning. d) Because his parents have always wanted him to be a doctor, Jordan applies to medical school.

D

Which of the following is defined on Murray's list as the need to relate to others? a) Counteraction b) Dominance c) Autonomy d) Affiliation

A

Yigal moved to another neighborhood when he perceived, as a result of news reports he read and incidents he saw, that his neighborhood was no longer safe. Murray would argue that the factor most responsible for Yigal's move is a) beta press. b) a need for achievement. c) a need for play. d) a need for nurturance.