English 12 A 11-15

Which word shares a root with the word paramount? mountain amount ramp parent

mountain

Which options correctly describe rules for using hyphens? (Select all that apply.) Do not use hyphens if compound adjectives follow the noun they modify. Use hyphens when spelling out fractions. Do not use hyphens when spelling out times. Use hyphens to indicate a break in thought or a pause.

Do not use hyphens if compound adjectives follow the noun they modify. Use hyphens when spelling out fractions.

And finally, the space effort itself, while still in its infancy, has already created a great number of new companies, and tens of thousands of new jobs. Space and related industries are generating new demands in investment and skilled personnel. ... What is the primary rhetorical appeal used in the excerpt? John F. Kennedy's Moon Speech—Rice University Kennedy appeals to the audience's sense of logos. Kennedy appeals to the audience's sense of kairos. Kennedy appeals to the audience's sense of pathos. Kennedy appeals to the audience's sense of ethos.

Kennedy appeals to the audience's sense of logos.

Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolutions, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space. We mean to be a part of it—we mean to lead it. What does Kennedy mean by "rode the first waves"? (Select all that apply.) John F. Kennedy's Moon Speech—Rice University The idiom implies that America continues to benefit from the actions of earlier Americans who helped to pave the way for America to be the world's leader. The idiom interprets past events performed by earlier Americans as important initial steps in leading the competition inherent in space travel. The idiom means that earlier Americans have passively accepted inventions and space discoveries made by other nations, but modern America will not continue to do so. The idiom refers to other countries forcing earlier Americans to be involved in events beyond their control, as well as describing their ability to take action beneficial for everyone in America.

The idiom implies that America continues to benefit from the actions of earlier Americans who helped to pave the way for America to be the world's leader. The idiom interprets past events performed by earlier Americans as important initial steps in leading the competition inherent in space travel.

The article "Plastics," the brochure "What We Know About: Plastic Marine Debris," and the infographic "Plastics in the Ocean" were all created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Which question would be best to ask to evaluate the credibility of the information from the NOAA? Plastics What We Know About: Plastic Marine Debris Plastics in the Ocean What expertise does the NOAA have regarding ocean pollution? How detailed is the information the NOAA provides about ocean pollution? How important is the information the NOAA provides about ocean pollution? What is the NOAA's purpose in writing about ocean pollution?

What expertise does the NOAA have regarding ocean pollution?

Read the excerpt from "John F. Kennedy's Moon Speech—Rice University." To be sure, all this costs us all a good deal of money. This year's space budget is three times what it was in January 1961, and it is greater than the space budget of the previous eight years combined. That budget now stands at $5,400 million a year—a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year. Space expenditures will soon rise some more, from 40 cents per person per week to more than 50 cents a week for every man, woman and child in the United States, for we have given this program a high national priority—even though I realize that this is in some measure an act of faith and vision, for we do not now know what benefits await us. Which options identify phrases that include connotative meanings? (Select all that apply.) John F. Kennedy's Moon Speech—Rice University an act of faith and vision staggering sum cigarettes and cigars this year's space budget

an act of faith and vision staggering sum

What does bi- mean in the word biodegradable? life extra two somewhat SAVE/CHECK ANSWERS

life

And presidential science advisor Jack Marburger has said that questions about space exploration come down to whether we want to bring the solar system within mankind's sphere of economic influence. Which option most accurately restates the author's implied question: Do we want to bring the solar system within mankind's sphere of economic influence? The Real Reasons We Explore Space Is space exploration worth the financial burden? How does space exploration influence the economy? Does space exploration have any other value besides money? Should we use our economic power to advance our knowledge of the solar system?

Is space exploration worth the financial burden?

Through electrification of 53 percent of the vehicle miles traveled primarily from passenger cars, small trucks, buses and off-road equipment, along with more wind and solar power plants, the nation would realize a reduction in greenhouse gases of 550 metric tons per year in 35 years, equal to 100 million gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles taken off the road, according to the report. What option best represents the main point of the excerpt? How Much Can Electric Cars Impact Climate Change? Electric vehicles can help decrease levels of greenhouse gases. Using wind and solar power can positively impact the future. Passenger cars, small trucks, buses, and off-road equipment are major contributors of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases cause global warming.

Electric vehicles can help decrease levels of greenhouse gases.

In which sentence is the word deplete used correctly? "You will deplete the battery if you leave the car lights on overnight," the mechanic warned Mom. "After you deplete your homework, you may play outside," Mom told my little sister. If my little sister does not understand her math homework, she will deplete and whine. The mechanic said he would deplete the new battery tomorrow.

"You will deplete the battery if you leave the car lights on overnight," the mechanic warned Mom.

But if I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall send to the moon, 240,000 miles away from the control station in Houston, a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall, ... and then return it safely to earth, re-entering the atmosphere at speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour, causing heat about half that of the temperature of the sun—almost as hot as it is here today—and do all this, and do it right, and do it first before this decade is out—then we must be bold. . . . Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb it. He said, "Because it is there." Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there. And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked. Which options most accurately identify phrases from the excerpt that represent a call to action? (Select all that apply.) John F. Kennedy's Moon Speech—Rice University ... and do all this, and do it right, and do it first before this decade is out—then we must be bold ... space is there, and we're going to climb it ... new hopes for knowledge and peace are there ... therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing

... space is there, and we're going to climb it ... new hopes for knowledge and peace are there

Regular people also suffer when there's too much light floating around. There are many complex components, but one factor that pops up repeatedly is melatonin: Too much nighttime light equals too little melatonin production. One little hormone might not seem like too big of a loss, but research has consistently proven that low melatonin levels are incredibly detrimental, with sweeping health effects across the body. Light during the nighttime, even at low levels, can seriously impede melatonin production. Less than 40 minutes basking under an incandescent light bulb can reduce melatonin levels up to 50 percent. The author appeals to the audience's sense of logos to persuade them to _[blank]_. Which option best completes the sentence? How Light Pollution Works cut down on their exposure to nighttime light so their bodies continue to produce melatonin at normal levels not turn on lights in the middle of the night so they can cut down on their exposure to incandescent lighting not wake up in the middle of the night so their melatonin levels do not drop 50% from lack of restful sleep due to light exposure eliminate all incandescent lighting in their homes so their bodies keep producing normal levels of melatonin

cut down on their exposure to nighttime light so their bodies continue to produce melatonin at normal levels

adjective 1. imposed as an obligation or duty; obligatory 2. lying, leaning, or resting on something else 3. currently holding a specified office noun 4. a person who holds an office Read the sentence. The incumbent senator was the favored candidate in the state's primary election. Which definition of incumbent fits the meaning and part of speech of the word as it is used in the sentence? definition 3 definition 4 definition 1 definition 2

definition 3

Travis Longcore, co-editor of Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting and a research associate professor at the University of Southern California Center for Sustainable Cities, suggests two ways outdoor light pollution may contribute to artificial light-associated health effects in humans. "From a human health perspective, it seems that we are concerned with whatever increases artificial light exposure indoors at night," he says. "The effect of outdoor lighting on indoor exposure could be either direct or indirect. In the direct impact scenario, the artificial light from outside reaches people inside at night at levels that affect production of hormones. In an indirect impact it would disturb people inside, who then turn on lights and expose themselves to more light." The author's purpose for appealing to the reader's sense of ethos in the excerpt is to _[blank]_. Which options best complete the sentence? (Select all that apply.) Missing the Dark demonstrate his trustworthiness as a writer by using information from a credible source regarding how light pollution affects an individual's health explain the issues with light pollution and artificial light by providing evidence from a research associate professor who is an expert in his field provide information that focuses the reader's attention on his or her own values and beliefs about the effects of light pollution on an individual's health present a strong personal connection to the issue of light pollution since the author himself experienced health issues due to light pollution

demonstrate his trustworthiness as a writer by using information from a credible source regarding how light pollution affects an individual's health explain the issues with light pollution and artificial light by providing evidence from a research associate professor who is an expert in his field

Which phrases from "The Real Reasons We Explore Space" include an appeal to pathos by the author when he discusses the reasons for space travel? (Select all that apply.) The Real Reasons We Explore Space "... to be ... the first or the best in some activity" To have "the urge to know what's over the next hill" To use it for "scientific discovery, economic benefit, and national security" "... to bring the solar system within mankind's sphere of economic influence"

"... to be ... the first or the best in some activity" "... to bring the solar system within mankind's sphere of economic influence"

Reread the section Electric Vehicle Prices Dropping in "How Much Can Electric Cars Impact Climate Change?" How does a text structure in this section clarify the claim that the prices of electric vehicles are decreasing? How Much Can Electric Cars Impact Climate Change? A comparison-and contrast structure discusses the similarities between the drop in computer and smart phone prices to the drop in electric car prices. A problem-and-solution structure shows what happened to the cost of vehicles when the Nissan Leaf and Chevy Volt were released in 2011. A cause-and-effect structure explains that Audi, Porsche, and Mercedes-Benz are investing in battery-operated cars to compete with Tesla at a reduced cost. A chronological structure emphasizes that 24 new reasonably priced electric car models will be sold between 2016 and 2020. SUBMIT FOR GRADING

A comparison-and contrast structure discusses the similarities between the drop in computer and smart phone prices to the drop in electric car prices.

You are researching issues with plastic debris in the Pacific Ocean. Your teacher recommended that you choose and read online resources carefully because when using information in a research report, you need to make sure the information is accurate. Which options identify effective strategies to assess the accuracy of your sources? (Select all that apply.) Ask questions about the material presented in the source to decide if it completely addresses the topic. Analyze a topic to determine if it needs to be changed because information in the sources leads to a different topic. Conduct research to determine whether the sources of information listed can be verified in another source. Determine if the information in the source is written well and free of grammatical errors.

Ask questions about the material presented in the source to decide if it completely addresses the topic. Conduct research to determine whether the sources of information listed can be verified in another source. Determine if the information in the source is written well and free of grammatical errors.

Which sentences use hyphens correctly? (Select all that apply.) It is hard to keep a full-time job while you are in school. After Alphonse's papers were misplaced, he had to re-sign the forms. Escalators take customers to the third-floor of the clothing store. Jose came up with a trick that makes names easy-to-remember.

It is hard to keep a full-time job while you are in school. After Alphonse's papers were misplaced, he had to re-sign the forms.

If this capsule history of our progress teaches us anything, it is that man, in his quest for knowledge and progress, is determined and cannot be deterred. The exploration of space will go ahead, whether we join in it or not, and it is one of the great adventures of all time, and no nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in the race for space. Which options best analyze how Kennedy appeals to the audience's sense of pathos in the excerpt to convey his point? (Select all that apply.) John F. Kennedy's Moon Speech—Rice University Kennedy appeals to the audience's competitive spirit with his claim that the exploration of space will go on with or without the United States. Kennedy appeals to the audience's curiosity with his claim that the exploration of space is an adventure. Kennedy appeals to the audience's fear of loss with his claim that being a leader does not mean staying behind. Kennedy appeals to the audience's dread of being left out with his claim that man is determined to continue on. SUBMIT FOR GRADING

Kennedy appeals to the audience's competitive spirit with his claim that the exploration of space will go on with or without the United States. Kennedy appeals to the audience's curiosity with his claim that the exploration of space is an adventure.

For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of preeminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war. In the excerpt, Kennedy's point of view is that the United States should continue space exploration. Which options effectively explain how Kennedy uses an appeal to pathos in the excerpt to convey his point of view? (Select all that apply.) John F. Kennedy's Moon Speech—Rice University Kennedy implies that if the United States does not remain the leader, space science will be used for the wrong purposes. Kennedy implies that the United States is the only country that will keep space science peaceful. Kennedy implies that the United States has the conscience that space science lacks. Kennedy implies that the United States is setting up the world for war if it does not take the lead for space exploration.

Kennedy implies that if the United States does not remain the leader, space science will be used for the wrong purposes. Kennedy implies that the United States is the only country that will keep space science peaceful.

None of this is to say that electric lights are inherently bad. Artificial light has benefited society by, for instance, extending the length of the productive day, offering more time not just for working but also for recreational activities that require light. But when artificial outdoor lighting becomes inefficient, annoying, and unnecessary, it is known as light pollution. Many environmentalists, naturalists, and medical researchers consider light pollution to be one of the fastest growing and most pervasive forms of environmental pollution. And a growing body of scientific research suggests that light pollution can have lasting adverse effects on both human and wildlife health. Which sentences in the excerpt best demonstrate an appeal to the audience's sense of logos? (Select all that apply.) Missing the Dark Many environmentalists, naturalists, and medical researchers consider light pollution to be one of the fastest growing and most pervasive forms of environmental pollution. And a growing body of scientific research suggests that light pollution can have lasting adverse effects on both human and wildlife health. Artificial light has benefited society by, for instance, extending the length of the productive day, offering more time not just for working but also for recreational activities that require light. But when artificial outdoor lighting becomes inefficient, annoying, and unnecessary, it is known as light pollution.

Many environmentalists, naturalists, and medical researchers consider light pollution to be one of the fastest growing and most pervasive forms of environmental pollution. And a growing body of scientific research suggests that light pollution can have lasting adverse effects on both human and wildlife health. PARTIAL XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Which statements from the brochure best support the information presented in the photograph? (Select all that apply.) What We Know About: Plastic Marine Debris Most commonly used plastics do not mineralize (or go away) in the ocean and instead break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Plastics are used in many aspects of daily life, are a big part of our waste stream, and can last a long time. Many plastics are colorful and will float in water, which makes plastic debris a very visible part of the marine debris problem. The word "plastic" is used to describe a collection of artificial or manmade chemical compounds that come in about as many shapes, sizes, and colors as you can imagine!

Most commonly used plastics do not mineralize (or go away) in the ocean and instead break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Plastics are used in many aspects of daily life, are a big part of our waste stream, and can last a long time. PARTIAL XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

In which sentences from "How Light Pollution Works" does the author use figurative language to describe characteristics of types of light pollution? (Select all that apply.) How Light Pollution Works Nighttime photos of major metropolitan areas often show this in amazing intensity, with the most brilliant blankets of sky glow emitting dusky, smoldering blazes dotted with shining hotspots. Whether stringing streetlights too close together along a highway or brightening a building with midday cheer in the dead of night, practices like these can be both distracting and wasteful. This usually happens when lights aim directly into people's eyes; in other words, you see straight into the source of the light. Your neighbors might know better than to hop over your fence in the middle of the night, but do they know enough not to leave all their lights on—inside and out—in anticipation of a late night out?

Nighttime photos of major metropolitan areas often show this in amazing intensity, with the most brilliant blankets of sky glow emitting dusky, smoldering blazes dotted with shining hotspots. Whether stringing streetlights too close together along a highway or brightening a building with midday cheer in the dead of night, practices like these can be both distracting and wasteful.

Which statement best describes the way the "Plastics" article and the "What We Know About: Plastic Marine Debris" brochure show how plastics break down in a marine environment? Plastics What We Know About: Plastic Marine Debris Once plastic reaches the ocean, it does not go away or mineralize, degrading at a slower rate because of the cold water. As plastic breaks down, the pieces get smaller and smaller, turning into microplastics, which are smaller than 5mm. Once plastic reaches the ocean, it may go through the process of mineralization, which breaks it down into smaller and smaller pieces. These pieces eventually become part of the ocean to make it colorful. Sometimes these pieces are ingested, or eaten, by sea animals. Plastic is considered to be a main type of debris found in the ocean. Plastic can mineralize in some environments. This means plastic degrades, or breaks down, completely when introduced to carbon dioxide, water, and other inorganic molecules, like face wash and toothpaste. Plastic is a big part of the waste produced by humans. Most of the plastic waste makes its way to the oceans, where sea animals, such as sea turtles, mistake it for food, or sea mammals, such as whales, become entangled in the small plastic debris called microplastics and microfibers. SUBMIT FOR GRADING

Once plastic reaches the ocean, it does not go away or mineralize, degrading at a slower rate because of the cold water. As plastic breaks down, the pieces get smaller and smaller, turning into microplastics, which are smaller than 5mm.

Which options show excerpts from the section that best depict a cause-and-effect structure? (Select all that apply.) The History of the Electric Car Around this same time, many big and small automakers began exploring options for alternative fuel vehicles, including electric cars. Yet, the vehicles developed and produced in the 1970s still suffered from drawbacks compared to gasoline-powered cars. Soaring oil prices and gasoline shortages—peaking with the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo—created a growing interest in lowering the U.S.'s dependence on foreign oil and finding homegrown sources of fuel. Cheap, abundant gasoline and continued improvement in the internal combustion engine hampered demand for alternative fuel vehicles.

Soaring oil prices and gasoline shortages—peaking with the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo—created a growing interest in lowering the U.S.'s dependence on foreign oil and finding homegrown sources of fuel. Cheap, abundant gasoline and continued improvement in the internal combustion engine hampered demand for alternative fuel vehicles.

Which options correctly analyze the effectiveness of the article's chronological structure? (Select all that apply.) The History of the Electric Car Explaining the revival of interest in the electric car by using a chronological structure helps the reader to understand the role that competition played in the way events unfolded. Using a chronological structure to discuss the development of lithium-ion battery technology helps the reader to understand what the next generation of electric cars will look like. Putting the information about the development of the electric car into a chronological structure helps the reader to keep track of the important individual events leading up to the electric cars that are in production today. Putting the explanation of the gas shortage and the resulting increased interest in electric cars into a chronological structure helps the reader to see how the government got involved in solving the problem.

Putting the information about the development of the electric car into a chronological structure helps the reader to keep track of the important individual events leading up to the electric cars that are in production today. Putting the explanation of the gas shortage and the resulting increased interest in electric cars into a chronological structure helps the reader to see how the government got involved in solving the problem. P XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

If you are writing an essay titled "Affluence in 16th-Century England," what sentence are you most likely to include in the first paragraph as a context clue to the meaning of the word affluence? Some nobles owned multiple estates. Some nobles were friends with the king. Some nobles traveled throughout Europe. Some nobles spoke three languages.

Some nobles owned multiple estates.

Plastics can enter into the marine environment a number of ways: through ineffective or improper waste management, intentional or accidental dumping and littering on shorelines or at sea, or through storm water runoff. Now look at the information on the right side of the "Plastics in the Ocean" infographic. Both sources describe the causes of plastics ending up in the ocean. Based on an analysis of the information in each source, how does the information provided in the article differ from that in infographic? Plastics Plastics in the Ocean The article provides general descriptions of ways plastics enter the ocean, using text only. On the other hand, the infographic presents more detailed information about how plastics enter the ocean, using headings, text descriptions, and illustrations. The article provides detailed descriptions of ways plastics enter the ocean, using text and a photograph. On the other hand, the infographic presents basic information about how plastics enter the ocean, using only simple explanations. The article provides black-and-white drawings to describe ways plastics enter the ocean. On the other hand, the infographic presents entertaining graphics to show how plastics enter the ocean. The article provides an extensive list of ways plastics enter the ocean. On the other hand, the infographic presents a brief list about how plastics enter the ocean.

The article provides general descriptions of ways plastics enter the ocean, using text only. On the other hand, the infographic presents more detailed information about how plastics enter the ocean, using headings, text descriptions, and illustrations.

How does the overall structure of the article support the author's main point? The History of the Electric Car The article's comparison-and-contrast structure supports the author's main point that the problems of society helped to shape transportation in the past and present, and will continue to do so in the future. The article's chronological structure supports the author's main point that the electric car has undergone many changes over the years, and therefore can be expected to continue evolving in the future. The article's sequential structure supports the author's main point that the needs of society have mandated the changes in technological advances of cars, from gas-powered to steam-powered to electric. The article's cause-and-effect structure supports the author's main point that electric cars leave a much smaller carbon footprint in the environment and are beneficial to everyone's health and comfort. SAVE AND EXIT

The article's chronological structure supports the author's main point that the electric car has undergone many changes over the years, and therefore can be expected to continue evolving in the future.

In "How Much Can Electric Cars Impact Climate Change?" the author presents the argument that a paradigm shift is needed for electric cars to significantly affect climate issues. Which options clearly explain how the author uses sections to develop his argument? (Select all that apply.) How Much Can Electric Cars Impact Climate Change? The audience's questions surrounding electric cars are numerous, so the author uses sections to answer them. The author's argument contains a large amount of factual evidence, so he uses sections to simplify and emphasize the topics. The audience's opinions about conserving energy will vary from state to state, so the author uses sections to address different issues. The author's claim includes proven facts about the government's involvement in increasing production of electric cars, so the author uses sections to fully explain this trend.

The audience's questions surrounding electric cars are numerous, so the author uses sections to answer them. The author's argument contains a large amount of factual evidence, so he uses sections to simplify and emphasize the topics.

The greatest strategy for national security, more effective than having better guns and bombs than everyone else, is being a nation that does the kinds of things that make others want to do them with us. Which option effectively explains how the author uses an appeal to pathos in the excerpt to explain his point of view on the benefits of the space program? The Real Reasons We Explore Space The author appeals to the audience's fear of being left out. The author appeals to the audience's fear about national security. The author appeals to the audience's desire to have superior weaponry. The author appeals to the audience's desire to be part of something larger than themselves.

The author appeals to the audience's fear about national security.

The counselors assigned the eight and nine year old campers to their cabins. Which option revises the sentence to use hyphens correctly? The counselors assigned the eight and nine-year-old campers to their cabins. The counselors assigned the eight- and nine year old campers to their cabins. The counselors assigned the eight and nine year-old-campers to their cabins. The counselors assigned the eight- and nine-year-old campers to their cabins.

The counselors assigned the eight and nine-year-old campers to their cabins.

Which sentence uses a dash incorrectly? The days of the bike trip—Friday, Saturday, and Sunday are predicted to be sunny. Her sisters—Jill, Jennifer, and Jessa—will arrive tomorrow. Please use coasters—they are handmade—to protect the new dining table. Javier grew three inches last year—I can't believe how tall he is! SAVE/CHECK ANSWERS

The days of the bike trip—Friday, Saturday, and Sunday are predicted to be sunny.

As common as they are on our beaches and in our homes, how much do you really know about plastics? As society has developed new uses for plastics, the variety and quantity of plastic items found in the marine environment has increased dramatically. These products range from common domestic material (bags, Styrofoam cups, bottles, balloons) to industrial products (strapping bands, plastic sheeting, hard hats) to lost or discarded fishing gear (nets, buoys, traps, lines). Now look at the brochure "What We Know About: Plastic Marine Debris," which contains a table about common types of plastic, including this information: Some common types of plastic: Acronym: PET (PETE) Full name: Polyethylene terephthalate Common Example: soda bottles Acronym: PE Full name: Polyethylene Common Example: plastic bags Based on an analysis of the excerpt and the information from the brochure, how does the information provided in the excerpt differ from that in the brochure? Plastics The excerpt lists chemical effects of plastics used by society. The columns show plastics that are turned into containers. The excerpt organizes the examples of plastic into three categories: domestic material, industrial products, and lost or discarded fishing gear. The columns organize the types of plastic using their acronyms, full names, and common examples. The excerpt describes new uses society has developed for plastics. The columns list the everyday names of plastic types, their acronyms, and their chemical composition. The excerpt provides thorough explanations about the common types of plastic. The columns provide a basic explanation of each of the common types of plastic.

The excerpt organizes the examples of plastic into three categories: domestic material, industrial products, and lost or discarded fishing gear. The columns organize the types of plastic using their acronyms, full names, and common examples.

In which sentence is the word logistical used incorrectly? The logistical conclusion Bob came to after analyzing all the data was that the company should raise its prices by two percent. The logistical nightmare Gina faced at work involved figuring out how to package and mail 87 boxes in three days. Bob encountered logistical difficulties when trying to schedule everyone during the holidays. Gina brought in a party planner when she realized there were too many logistical problems to manage by herself.

The logistical conclusion Bob came to after analyzing all the data was that the company should raise its prices by two percent.

Astronomers just aren't fans of light pollution; it outshines distant incoming celestial light and interferes with their telescopes. But a wide array of animals suffers even more, their lives thrown horribly out of whack by the bright glow of light pollution. What does the author mean by "celestial light" in the excerpt? How Light Pollution Works The luminous glow emitted from the planets, the stars, and the moon in outer space. The radiant glow coming from the halo of light surrounding all natural objects on the ground and in the sky. The radiant glow coming from the sacred light that shines from the west to the east. The luminous glow emitted from artificial lights used with streetlights, on billboards, and in buildings.

The luminous glow emitted from the planets, the stars, and the moon in outer space.

In which sentences from "How Light Pollution Works" does the author appeal to the audience's sense of logos to persuade them to see how artificial lights affect animals? (Select all that apply.) How Light Pollution Works The moon serves to guide them and draw them on, but bright beach lights can easily distract them and the little turtles often head off in the wrong direction, frequently ending up the victims of passing cars. Some owls take advantage of the situation and hunt more, which increasingly drives their prey into hiding. Insects can be fatally drawn to certain wavelengths of light in droves, and it doesn't help that bats often follow to forage. Sleeping cycles, breeding cycles, migration cycles, feeding cycles—animals follow all the proper patterns of life by taking cues from the sun, the moon, the seasons and other earthly phenomenon. Unfortunately for us, we're as much a part of the animal kingdom as any sparrow or sea turtle. So although we might not realize it, light pollution affects us just as surely as it does them.

The moon serves to guide them and draw them on, but bright beach lights can easily distract them and the little turtles often head off in the wrong direction, frequently ending up the victims of passing cars. Some owls take advantage of the situation and hunt more, which increasingly drives their prey into hiding. Insects can be fatally drawn to certain wavelengths of light in droves, and it doesn't help that bats often follow to forage.

continual adj. occurring at intervals; recurring regularly or frequently continuous adj. occurring without interruption in time or sequence Which sentence demonstrates the best use of a form of continuous? The warning siren blew continuously for three long minutes. Our football team was continuously victorious, week after week. I'm continuously surprised by the number of birds in the park. The child continuously requested a glass of water before bedtime.

The warning siren blew continuously for three long minutes.

We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a State noted for strength, and we stand in need of all three, for we meet in an hour of change and challenge, in a decade of hope and fear, in an age of both knowledge and ignorance. The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds. How does Kennedy use an appeal to ethos in this excerpt to influence the audience? John F. Kennedy's Moon Speech—Rice University When Kennedy states, "in a decade of hope and fear, in an age of both knowledge and ignorance," he appeals to the audience's sense of urgency by establishing his credibility as a leader willing to lead his people through thick and thin. When Kennedy states, "We ... meet in an hour of change and challenge," he appeals to the audience's sense of pride. When Kennedy states, "We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a State noted for strength," he appeals to the audience's sense of reverence for America and its values and growth. When Kennedy states, "The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds," he appeals to the audience's sense of confidence.

When Kennedy states, "We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a State noted for strength," he appeals to the audience's sense of reverence for America and its values and growth.

It is for these reasons that I regard the decision last year to shift our efforts in space from low to high gear as among the most important decisions that will be made during my incumbency in the office of the Presidency. If your younger brother, Pete, asked you what "my incumbency in the office of the Presidency" meant, what would you most likely say to him? (Select all that apply.) You would say, "Pete, 'the most important decisions' is a context clue for the meaning of the word incumbency. That clue will help you understand the word!" You would say, "Pete, 'the office of the Presidency' is a context clue for the meaning of the word incumbency. That clue will help you understand the word!" You would say, "Pete, the best place to find the meaning of the word incumbency is the dictionary. Go look it up!" You would say, "Pete, the best place to find the meaning of the word incumbency is the thesaurus. Go look it up!"

You would say, "Pete, 'the most important decisions' is a context clue for the meaning of the word incumbency. That clue will help you understand the word!" You would say, "Pete, 'the office of the Presidency' is a context clue for the meaning of the word incumbency. That clue will help you understand the word!"

In which excerpt from "John F. Kennedy's Moon Speech—Rice University" does Kennedy appeal to the audience's sense of ethos to justify America's involvement in space exploration? John F. Kennedy's Moon Speech—Rice University William Bradford, speaking in 1630 of the founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony, said that all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage. We have felt the ground shake and the air shattered by the testing of a Saturn C-1 booster rocket, many times as powerful as the Atlas ... But this city of Houston, this State of Texas, this country of the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them. Yet the vows of this Nation can only be fulfilled if we in this Nation are first, and, therefore, we intend to be first.

William Bradford, speaking in 1630 of the founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony, said that all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage.

With her arm in a sling, Leticia found that even the simplest tasks, showering, dressing, and cooking, took her a long time to complete. Which option shows a way to clarify this sentence by revising the punctuation? With her arm in a sling, Leticia found that even the simplest tasks—showering, dressing, and cooking—took her a long time to complete. With her arm in a sling, Leticia found that—even the simplest tasks: showering, dressing, and cooking—took her a long time to complete. With her arm in a sling, Leticia found that even the simplest tasks, showering, dressing, and cooking—took her a long time to complete. With her arm in a sling, Leticia found that even the simplest tasks—showering, dressing, and cooking took her a long time to complete.

With her arm in a sling, Leticia found that even the simplest tasks—showering, dressing, and cooking—took her a long time to complete.

Which excerpts from "How Much Can Electric Cars Impact Climate Change?" represent a problem-and-solution text structure? (Select all that apply.) How Much Can Electric Cars Impact Climate Change? With the passage of a pared-down Senate Bill 350 earlier this month, the state will have to generate 50 percent of its electricity from renewable energy by 2030. No other report studies what would happen if more than half the miles traveled would be via electric power. ... Tens of millions of cars and light-trucks would have to run on battery power. More importantly, the power needed to charge them must be available. It was part of a consideration for reducing GHG levels to prevent more warming of the planet, which is causing ice sheets to shrink, sea levels to rise and record warm temperatures in the western United States, including California. California air quality rules require an increasing scale of zero-emission vehicles each year, Duvall explained. The numbers will go from 35,000 a year to double in 2018 to 15 percent of all car sales by 2025.

With the passage of a pared-down Senate Bill 350 earlier this month, the state will have to generate 50 percent of its electricity from renewable energy by 2030. No other report studies what would happen if more than half the miles traveled would be via electric power. ... Tens of millions of cars and light-trucks would have to run on battery power. More importantly, the power needed to charge them must be available.

In the Solution to Light Pollution section of "How Light Pollution Works," the author presents the argument that reducing the use of "inefficient and unnecessary lighting" can lower emissions of carbon into the atmosphere. Which options effectively explain how the author uses an appeal to logos to strengthen her argument? (Select all that apply.) How Light Pollution Works by including easy activities readers can do around the outside of their homes to reduce unneeded lighting by describing tasks readers can perform inside their homes to eliminate bad lighting practices and to use lights more effectively by encouraging readers to convince businesses to limit non-essential lighting on and around their premises by convincing readers to pay professionals to help eliminate lighting problems in their houses and around their neighborhoods

by including easy activities readers can do around the outside of their homes to reduce unneeded lighting by describing tasks readers can perform inside their homes to eliminate bad lighting practices and to use lights more effectively

When Charles Lindbergh was asked why he crossed the Atlantic, he never once answered that he wanted to win the $25,000 that New York City hotel owner Raymond Orteig offered for the first nonstop aircraft flight between New York and Paris. Which option best explains how the author uses an appeal to ethos in the excerpt to influence his audience? The Real Reasons We Explore Space by using a dollar amount to support his claim that winning is not just about money by mentioning the reason that Lindbergh gave for crossing the Atlantic by using an important American to support his claim that accomplishment is not just about money by stating the terms of the challenge of the nonstop crossing of the Atlantic

by stating the terms of the challenge of the nonstop crossing of the Atlantic

If you used a thesaurus to find an antonym of the word distraught, what word would you most likely find? calm crazy careful crabby SAVE/CHECK ANSWERS

calm

In 1879, Thomas Edison's incandescent light bulbs first illuminated a New York street, and the modern era of electric lighting began. Since then, the world has become awash in electric light. Powerful lamps light up streets, yards, parking lots, and billboards. Sports facilities blaze with light that is visible for tens of miles. Business and office building windows glow throughout the night. The author uses awash to describe the world. Other words that contain a similar connotation are inundated, overflowing, and flooded. What is the meaning of the word awash as it is used in the excerpt? Missing the Dark completely covered floating on land crammed tightly having equal amounts

completely covered

In the early part of the century, innovators in Hungary, the Netherlands and the United States—including a blacksmith from Vermont—began toying with the concept of a battery-powered vehicle and created some of the first small-scale electric cars. Which words in the sentence are context clues for the meaning of the word innovators? (Select all that apply.) created first began electric

created first P XXXXXXXXX

A problem that is shared in the brochure "What We Know About: Plastic Marine Debris" is that plastic debris is a very visible part of ocean pollution. The brochure effectively addresses this problem by _[blank]_. Which option best completes the sentence? What We Know About: Plastic Marine Debris including a list of suggested actions for reducing the amount of plastic debris ending up as ocean pollution using images of plastic debris to illustrate how these materials would be easy to clean up relating information about how researchers are studying PCBs so they can better understand the effect of PCBs on ocean wildlife providing descriptions about how plastics break down into tiny pieces that disappear into the ocean

including a list of suggested actions for reducing the amount of plastic debris ending up as ocean pollution

Each year in New York City alone, about 10,000 migratory birds are injured or killed crashing into skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, says Glenn Phillips, executive director of the New York City Audubon Society. The estimates as to the number of birds dying from collisions across North America annually range from 98 million to close to a billion. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates 5 million-50 million birds die each year from collisions with communication towers. The author appeals to the audience's sense of _[blank]_. Which option best completes the sentence? Missing the Dark pathos to influence them to be empathetic to the plight of birds that are affected by artificial lights kairos to convince them that his argument is appropriate to the current situation regarding light pollution ethos to influence them to understand that the information provided is confirmed by a viable source logos to convince them that his argument that light pollution affects all kinds of animals is logical

pathos to influence them to be empathetic to the plight of birds that are affected by artificial lights

Your mother asks about the status of your college application. You tell her, "The university emailed me and said it is a deferred decision." What does deferred mean in the sentence? postponed rejected withdrawn accepted

postponed

A pervasive odor is one that _[blank]_. Which option best completes the statement? spreads everywhere smells good disappears suddenly stinks badly

spreads everywhere

What is a synonym of the word preeminence? wealth experience preachiness supremacy

supremacy