english 262 FINAL

metaphor

Comparing one thing to an unlike thing without using like, as or than

paradox

Contradictory statement that may actually be true

satire

genre that ridicules human vice or folly in hopes of correcting it

pickwick papers

Novels and long works of nonfiction prose were published in serial form

shakespearan sonnet

consists of three quatrains and a concluding couplet rhyme scheme is a simple ABAB CDCD EFEF GG format. Works together for one theme

gothic literature

conventions of this genre included dungeons, abbeys, damsles in distress, secret corridors, and death-like states; setting greatly influential

georgian edwardian

dylan thomas

enjambment

Carrying the sense of one line of verse over to the next line without a pause

characteristics of the victorian era?

* a strenuous energy * earnestness * a conscious purpose * evangelicalism * bewilderment * obsession with respectability

characteristics of the romantic period?

* untamed nature was preferred * uniqueness of the individual becomes primary, not society * experimentation with "new" prose and poetic (lyric verses, ode, sonnets) * center of interest: The countryside * glorification of the commonplace with simple honesty * creativity and imagination became important *stress was on natural emotion

charachteristics of the modernism period?

*Disillusionment/Pessimism/Uncertainty * Vacillation of the nature of reality * Questioning human nature and identity * Portrayal of the complex variety of human behavior * Psychological exploration of the human psyche * Self-concious expressionism * Metaphysics

when was the romantic period in Britain?

1785-1830

when was the victorian age in britain?

1830-1901

when was modernism period in Britain?

1902 to present

elegy

A somber poem or song that praises or lament the dead; "To an Athlete Dying Young" is considered an example.

william blake

An English author and artist of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Blake was an early leader of romanticism. He is best known for his collections of poems Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. His poems are like potential music (lyric poetry) Corruption of beauty in nature Critic towards the factories and the Industrial revolution- called the early factories "satanic mills", also protested against the hard life the poor people lived

national exceptionalism

An idea that Britain was special in history and a duty to spread its version of civilization across the globe

Rudyard Kipling

Born in India but spent youth in English boarding school; journalist in early career; first English author to win Nobel Prize

reform bill of 1832

Extended the right to vote to all males owning property worth ten pounds or more in annual rent

Christina Rossetti

Father wrote poetry and commentary on Dante; considered one of England's "odd women;" extremely religious

villanelle

Form of poetry with a strict rhyme scheme; Thomas' "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night" is an example.

dramatic monologue

Genre where an imagined author addresses an imagined audience

ode

In ancient Greece, a lyric poem on a serious subject that develops its theme with dignified language intended to be sung. Onomatopoeia Figure of speech

bunbury

Name given to invalid relative; opportunity to avoid social obligations

penny dreadful

Name of sensational publications, such as periodicals, religious monthlies, and weekly newspapers

Percy Bysshe Shelley

One of the greatest lyrical poets Lyrical poems are a form of poetry that does not attempt to tell a story but is of a more personal nature instead. Led a very unconventional life Outspoken, skeptical Though married to Harriet Westbrook, in 1814 Shelley fell in love with Mary (later wrote Frankenstein), the sixteen-year-old daughter of William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft.

utilitarianism

Philosophy that rationalized that religion was an outdated superstition; should judge a morally correct action to the extent it gives the greatest please to the greatest number of people

utilitarism

Philosophy that rationalized that religion was an outdated superstition; should judge a morally correct action to the extent it gives the greatest please to the greatest number of people

Wilfred Owen

Poet who was severely shell shocked when shell close to him in battle exploded; stated, "I hate washy pacifists;" killed in World War I one week before war ended.

tone

Prevailing mood or atmosphere in a literary work

anaphora

Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of word groups occurring one after the other

assonance

Repetition of vowel sounds proceeded and followed by different consonant sounds

prince albert

Responsible for construction of the Great Exhibition that showcased Victorian advances

feminine rhyme

Rhyme in which the final two syllables of one line mimic the sound of the final two syllables of another line. Examples: repeat, deplete; farrow, narrow; scarlet; varlet.

queen victoria

She is England's longest reigning queen Her husband was Prince Albert of Sax-Coburg-Gotha, her German cousin. The two had a very close and affectionate relationship; Albert was instrumental in Victoria's decision making as Queen Together, they had nine children She wore black for thirty years after his death in 1861

dramatic irony

Situation of a drama that is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in a play

petrachan sonnet

Sonnet that consists of an octave (first 8 lines) with the rhyme scheme abbaabba and of a sestet (last six lines) with one of several rhyme schemes, as cdecde or cdcdcd; presents a theme then expands or solves it

interpretation of dreams

This publication changed how people saw and described rationally

married women's property act

Women's roles change in society and workplace. Enforced, and World War II demands women enter workforce.

diction

Word choice

simile

a figurative device that shows likeness or resemblance that illustrates similarity and comparability of something that is known to something unknown or to be explained. Uses "like" or "as"

byronic hero

a mythical "satanic" character created by lord byron. This character was an anti-hero, a titan (or superman) struggling against all the perceived social evils and inhumanities of the world, yet tainted and galled by some unnamed sin of his own.

George Gordon, Lord Byron

admitted to having more than 200 lovers; created the "byronic hero"

allusion

an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.

theme

as a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly.

Dylan Thomas

battle alcoholism; well known for being versatile and dynamic speaker; powerful voice captivated American audiences; his poetry is famous for its musicality; popular culture impact in that musician Bob Dylan changed his name from Zimmerman to Dylan in his honor.

psychoanalysis

challenged traditional ways of understanding humans as fundamentally rational, decision-making individuals.

William Wordsworth

composed and compiled lryical ballads, a book of poems and experiment in authorship, with his friend Samuel Taylor Coleridge

horace walpole

considered a trailblazer, authored the first gothic novel, the castle of otrano

personification

human characteristics attributed to nonhuman things or abstractions

situational irony

is a literary device that you can easily identify in literary works. Simply, it occurs when incongruity appears between expectations of something to happen, and what actually happens instead.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

is considered the literary father of the type of writing done by Edgar Allan Poe

verbal irony

is when words express something contrary to truth or someone says the opposite of what they really feel or mean

Katherine Mansfield

led rebellious life and suffered from tuberculosis; prolific writer late in life; grew up in New Zealand and educated in London; wrote "The Garden Party".

apostrophe

literary device that uses the inversion of the normal word order in phrasing; an example would be: "In Xanadi, did Kubla Khan/ A stately pleasure dome"

colonization in reverse

occurred when postwar labor shortages brought immigrants from the Caribbean, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Africa, and other regions of England's previous commonwealth moved into the country for jobs.

William Blake

poet who is known for his engravings and his paired poems in songs of innocence and songs of experience

john keats

poet who orignally sought to be a surgeon; at 21 years old, he devoted himself completely to literature; his themes focused on mortality and immorality; composed "ode on a grecian urn."

lyric poetry

poetry that presents the deep feeling and emotions of the poet; examples include sonnets, odes, and elegies

Alliteration

repetition of consonant sounds

masculine rhyme

rhyme in which the final syllable of one line mimics the sound of the final syllable of another line; ex. Black/back, hell/well, shack/black

metonymy

subtype of a metaphor; substitution of a word or phrase to stand for a word or phrase; example: in shakesphere's time, the crown was anti-catholic ("crown" stands for Queen Elizabeth)

stoicism

the endurance of pain or hardship without a display of feelings and without complaint.

Alfred, Lord Tennyson

tormented by history of mental illness in family; named poet laureate in 1850; known for his booming voice, broad

matthew Lewis

wrote the Monk

George Orwell

wrote using a pseudonym; real name was Eric Blair; born in India but moved to Britaon as youth; educated at Elite Eton Academy; major literary accomplishments included Animal Farm and 1984