English II Sem 2 - (EN202)

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

How many lines are in a Shakespearian sonnet?

Read the excerpt from Frederick Douglass's July 4, 1852, speech on the hypocrisy of American slavery. Douglass was an abolitionist and a formerly enslaved person. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future. How do the words hideous, revolting, and false most affect the tone and meaning of this passage?

They show the speaker's disgust over slavery.

What does Helmer tell Nora about their relationship and about his feelings for her?

he says that he forgives her and that their relationship will be stronger and that her helplessness makes her more attractive to him

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince. Nevertheless he ought to be slow to believe and to act, nor should he himself show fear, but proceed in a temperate manner with prudence and humanity, so that too much confidence may not make him incautious and too much distrust render him intolerable. What meaning is emphasized by the words temperate, prudence, and humanity in the paragraph?

that a prince should only be cruel when necessary

The ____ in an essay should contain the essay's topic and viewpoint.

thesis

Read the claim. Bob Dylan deserved to win the Nobel Prize. Which excerpt from "Bob Dylan, Titan of American Music, Wins 2016 Nobel Prize In Literature" provides the best supporting evidence for the claim?

"His track 'Like a Rolling Stone' has taken on mythic standing in the decades since its release; many, including Dylan himself, have pointed to it as emblematic of a sea change in American music."

Which words from the text best support a sarcastic tone? Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. BENEATHA (with a grand and bitter gesture): This, friends, is the Welcoming Committee! WALTER (dumfounded, looking at LINDNER): Is this what you came marching all the way over here to tell us? LINDNER: Well, now we've been having a fine conversation. I hope you'll hear me all the way through— WALTER (tightly): Go ahead, man. - A) "Welcoming Committee" B) "marching" C) "hear me" D) "Go ahead"

A) "Welcoming Committee"

What is the symbolism of a masquerade party?

Appearances, pretend, like a doll house

Which central ideas are developed in chapters 3 and 4 of Animal Farm? Select two options.

The pigs use language and propaganda as tools. Only the pigs are able to learn to read and write

Read the excerpt from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Why then, O brawling love! O loving hate! O anything, of nothing first create! O heavy lightness! serious vanity! Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health! Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is This love feel I, that feel no love in this. What does the speaker's use of oxymorons suggest about love?

The speaker is suggesting that love is confusing and encompasses everything all at once.

Which sentences begin with a transition? Check all that apply.

In conclusion, it is important to allow ample time for editing. Consequently, all projects must contain detailed citations. For instance, the average airspeed of birds is unexpected.

What is a stanza?

a group of lines

Credible

to be trustworthy

What do the stage directions tell the reader about Nora?

They show Nora's mood and her approach to her husband.

Which words share the same word root? Select three options.

demand command mandate

A form of irony that is understood by the audience but not by the characters in a play is

dramatic irony.

sound reasoning

reasons that are logical and make sense

connotation

the emotional feeling associated with a word

Study the editorial cartoon by John R. Rose. What evidence supports the cartoonist's perspective about expectations for children?

the long list of activities the child gives

Sufficient

to have enough

Read Shakespeare's "Sonnet 100." Where art thou, Muse, that thou forget'st so long To speak of that which gives thee all thy might? Spend'st thou thy fury on some worthless song, Darkening thy power to lend base subjects light? Return, forgetful Muse, and straight redeem In gentle numbers time so idly spent; Sing to the ear that doth thy lays esteem And gives thy pen both skill and argument. Rise, resty Muse, my love's sweet face survey, If Time have any wrinkle graven there; If any, be a satire to decay, And make Time's spoils despised every where. Give my love fame faster than Time wastes life; So thou prevent'st his scythe and crooked knife. What is the rhyme scheme of the second quatrain?

cdcd

Which words share a word root with educate? Select two options.

conduct deduction

When is it most useful to conduct an Internet search description?

during an initial evaluation of a source

Read the passage. The headmistress of the boarding school was a buttoned-up, austere woman with a tightly wound, slate-gray bun at the top of her head and clunky black shoes on her feet. She made sure that our uniforms were complete at inspection every morning, and if one of us dared to wear a warmer pair of socks than the thin, oatmeal-colored ones we were issued, there would be trouble. What does the use of the word austere imply?

that the headmistress is not a kind person

Study the editorial cartoon by Ann Telnaes. Which element contributes most to the effectiveness of this cartoon?

the cow holding the sign

to inform the reader about the products and foods that a region offers

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." This first edition is wholly unlike the so-called definitive edition of 1857. In the process of publishing seven different editions over forty years, the Grimms made vast changes in the contents and style. The stories in the first edition are closer to the oral tradition than the tales of the final, which can be regarded more as a literary collection, because Wilhelm, the younger brother, continually honed the tales so that they would resonate with a growing literary public. Their books would become second in popularity only to the Bible in German-speaking lands. By the twentieth century, they would become the most famous collection of folk and fairy tales in the western world. What is the author's purpose in writing this paragraph?

to inform the reader of the reasons for the differences between editions

When should a student writing a research-based paper directly quote a research text instead of paraphrasing or summarizing it?

when the words quoted are specific and unique

Imagery and repetition are aspects of

word choice.

Lani is conducting research to determine if learning how to play a musical instrument helps high school students perform better academically. Which of the these Internet search terms would be effective in helping Lani find the answer to her question? Check all that apply.

"mental and intellectual benefits of learning to play an instrument" "research about academic success of students who play instruments" "connection between high school test scores and playing an instrument"

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 2. CAESAR. What can be avoided Whose end is purposed by the mighty gods? Yet Caesar shall go forth, for these predictions Are to the world in general as to Caesar.30 CALPURNIA. When beggars die there are no comets seen; The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes. CAESAR. Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once. Which terms are symbols in the passage? Select two options.

"mighty gods" "beggars"

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Which statement best explains a difference between a character vs. self conflict and a character vs. character conflict? - A. A character vs. self conflict is an internal conflict, while a character vs. character conflict is an external conflict. B. A character vs. self conflict can only be inferred by the reader, while a character vs. character conflict is always explained to the reader. C. A character vs. self conflict occurs only during or after the climax, while a character vs. character conflict can occur anywhere in the plot. D. A character vs. self conflict is not outwardly expressed by the character, while a character vs. character conflict is.

A. A character vs. self conflict is an internal conflict, while a character vs. character conflict is an external conflict.

Which conflict most affects the plot in acts 1 and 2 of Julius Caesar?

Brutus trying to decide whether his love of Rome is stronger than his love for Caesar

In "By the Waters of Babylon," what conflicts does the setting present for the main character? Select three options. - A. youth versus maturity B. the struggle between good and evil C. the forces of nature versus the will of humans D. a sense of fear versus a desire to grow E. observance of society's rules or one's own ideas

C. the forces of nature versus the will of humans -and- D. a sense of fear versus a desire to grow -and- E. observance of society's rules or one's own ideas

How does the conflict between Helmer's private and public selves develop the theme that appearances can be deceiving?

Helmer acts kindly toward Mrs. Linde while she is present, but insults her when she leaves.

Read the excerpt from Luciana's personal narrative. When I was 14, my family moved from the city to a small town, where my mother got a job at the local university. By that time, I had already outgrown everyone my age. To make matters worse, when we moved, I discovered that all the kids in my neighborhood rode their bikes everywhere. I, however, had never even touched a bicycle, much less ridden one. My mother told me, "Luciana, if I had bought you a kid's bike, you would have outgrown it in five minutes. Maybe one of your classmates will teach you how to ride." I was mortified. How does this paragraph help develop the narrative? Select three options.

It introduces the characters of Luciana and her mother. It describes the setting where Luciana lives with her mother. It sets up Luciana's situation and the conflict she encounters.

Read the excerpt from Mark Twain's memoir, Life on the Mississippi. I was quaking from head to foot, and I could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far. What is the most likely meaning of the phrase "I could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far" in this sentence?

It is hyperbole that means that the author's eyes were wide with fear.

Which statement best defines the term rhetoric?

Rhetoric is the art of effective, persuasive speaking or writing.

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. If I had pursued my career in my undergraduate history major, I would likely provide you with a very academic description of what being a Latino or Latina means. For example, I could define Latinos as those peoples and cultures populated or colonized by Spain who maintained or adopted Spanish or Spanish Creole as their language of communication. You can tell that I have been very well educated. That antiseptic description, however, does not really explain the appeal of morcilla—pig's intestine—to an American-born child. It does not provide an adequate explanation of why individuals like us, many of whom are born in this completely different American culture, still identify so strongly with those communities in which our parents were born and raised. What does Sotomayor accomplish by using the words "morcilla—pig's intestine"?

Sotomayor brings the audience's attention to the uniqueness of her culture.

What are the characteristics of a theme in literature? Select two options.

Theme is established through the conflicts and their resolution. Theme is conveyed as a message about a topic related to the plot.

counter-argument/claim

an argument that goes against the writer's main claim

What is the definition of catharsis?

a process in a tragedy in which a character heals, often through a painful realization

What is the definition of situational irony?

a situation in which what happens is the opposite of what was expected to happen

Read the sentence. The English poet and playwright William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in the mid-1500s. Which terms describe the underlined portion of the sentence? Select three options.

phrase restrictive appositive

What does Nora seem to be planning in the top page of 1109?

She is planning to escape and commit suicide

Which is the best definition of rebuttal?

an explanation of why an opposing argument is false

What prediction does this excerpt best support?

Nora will decide to leave her family.

Read the scenario. The editor-in-chief of a magazine emails this list to her entire staff: ,,, Which statement about this list is most likely true?

This list is a code of ethics, because it is a set of guidelines based on ideals.

Which rhetorical technique is the speaker using?

overstatement

Which detail should most likely be cited in a historical criticism of a literary work?

C. the popular cultural trends of the time when the work was written

What is the best evaluation of the evidence Lola provides?

The evidence is relevant and sufficient because the main reason people go to college is to get jobs and support themselves.

Study the cartoon by Signe Wilkinson. How does satire create meaning in this cartoon?

The turkey heading for slaughter asking about health care critiques current healthcare systems.

As Act 2 opens, what is Nora worried about the most?

Whether Krogstad will report her to the authorities

In a narrative essay, a transitional word or phrase helps to

connect ideas.

Which details are important to consider when analyzing nuance in a text? Select two options.

connotation tone

Which punctuation serves to set dialogue apart from the rest of the text in a narrative?

quotation marks

Reasons

statements that support a claim

What is the best description of realistic fiction?

stories that are made up but might have happened in real life

author's tone

the author's attitude towards a topic/subject

Why is Nora upset over Torvald's reaction to the second letter? What did it show her about their relationship?

He only cared about his sake, not hers. It shows Torvald only cares about himself

Why won't Krogstad expose Nora for now? What does he want Torvald to do for him?

He'll keep the I.O.U. as long as Nora doesn't do anything sneaky. He wants a promotion.

How does the conversation between Mrs. Linde and Nora affect the plot?

It has a major impact, because it hints at the doctor's feelings for Nora and her attempt at manipulation.

Examine the public service ad. Which statement best explains the effect of excluding images of people from the ad?

It places the emphasis on the wasted food.

What inference does this excerpt best support?

Nora realizes that she can no longer ask Doctor Rank for help because he is in love with her.

How does Helmer say about Nora in her costume?

She was worth looking at

Which statement best describes the dramatic structure of the play A Doll's House?

The dramatic structure of A Doll's House has three acts, or plot divisions.

Study the cartoon Our Carbon Footprint by Signe Wilkinson. How does exaggeration create meaning in this cartoon?

The enormous footprint shows the extensive damage of the oil spill to the environment.

What does the law say about a wife leaving home?

The father is no longer responsible for the children

Which statements describe effective formatting of visual aids? Check all that apply.

The text is legible and easy to read. The headings and bulleted lists organize information. The most important information is displayed visually.

Which statements describe the last two lines of a Shakespearean sonnet? Select three options.

They rhyme with each other. They are referred to as a couplet. They may reinterpret the poem's meaning.

Which is the best definition of bias?

a personal opinion that is not based on evidence

Which word contains both a prefix and a suffix?

reoriented

Claims

statements related to the topic that are arguable (meaning someone could believe or think something different)

What is the purpose of the heading in this passage?

to distinguish who is telling the story

Read the excerpt from an article. Lewis Township officials have been publicly—and loudly—quarreling for what seems like forever over what to do with the 20-acre lot of land on the north side of Main Street. It seems to me that the decision is easy. A big-box retailer will bring Lewis hundreds of jobs—jobs desperately needed here. What is the writer's primary purpose for writing this article?

to persuade the audience to share the writer's point of view

Consider this claim: School uniforms should be mandatory for all students. Which statement gives the strongest evidence to support this claim?

According to the board of education, "school uniforms improve behavior, build school spirit, and develop a student's sense of belonging."

How have public service campaigns changed over time?

Advertisers have integrated new media and technologies.

Which statements best describe the conflict? Select two options.

Helmer is controlling and does not want to be seen as one who lets his wife sway or control him. Helmer does not like the way Krogstad tries to be his equal, and he wants to fire him from the bank.

How does the text "Ivy U. Law" on the board show the cartoonist's perspective?

It shows that the cartoonist thinks that many Supreme Court justices have Ivy League educations.

Which examples of situational irony does Saki use to create satire? Select two options.

The aunt wants the bachelor to learn his lesson, but she learns hers instead, and Bertha thinks that it is good to win medals for goodness, but the medals get her killed.

Which statement best describes how an author uses indirect characterization?

The author uses actions, thoughts, and speech to reveal character traits to an audience.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. In the 1400s, Spain and Portugal were competing to explore down the coast of Africa and find a sea route to Asia. That way, they could have the prized Asian spices they wanted without having to pay high prices to Venetian and Muslim middlemen. Spanish and Portuguese sailors searching for that sea route conquered the Canary Islands and the Azores. Soon they began building Muslim-style sugar plantations on the islands, some of them staffed by slaves purchased from nearby Africa. One sailor came to know these islands particularly well because he traded in "white gold"—sugar. And then, as he set off on his second voyage across the sea to what he thought was Asia, he carried sugar cane plants from Gomera, one of the Canary Islands, with him on his ship. His name was Christopher Columbus. How do the details in the passage most support the central idea?

The details describe how Spanish and Portuguese explorations helped expand the sugar trade.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Images of the dictator hung in every house next to the crucifix and Ia Virgencita with the declaration beneath: In this house Trujillo is Chief. The pale face of a young military man wearing a plumed bicorne hat and a gold-braided uniform looked down beneficently at my mother as she read her romantic novelas and dreamed of meeting the great love of her life. Sometimes in her daydreams, her great love wore the handsome young dictator's face. Never having seen him, my mother could not know the portrait was heavily retouched. What is the central idea of this paragraph?

The images of Trujillo portrayed him falsely.

What is the relationship between tone and perspective in a narrative text?

The tone can help determine the narrator's perspective.

What would be the best thesis statement for an evaluation of Dan DeLuca's argument in "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry"?

Despite his passionate argument that rock lyrics are poetry, Dan DeLuca fails to convince.

Which are conjunctive adverbs? Check all that apply.

also however then

What does Torvald want Nora to be, and do at the party?

Dress as a Neapolitan peasant-girl and dance the tarantella.

Examine the public service ad. How does this image appeal to logic?

by providing data about a specific negative impact

Which elements are associated with a logical appeal? Select three options.

facts evidence analytical theories

argument: a position or viewpoint along with the claims and evidence used to support that position

fallacy: a false or mistaken belief or claim, usually based on poor reasoning. Example: all kids are tired because the kids in my class are tired.

"At the next masquerade, I'm going to be invisible." Explain the irony in Dr. Rank's statement

it is ironic because he is going to be dead

ead the paragraph. In conclusion, the work of Foley artists is only one step in the overall filmmaking process. By adding the appropriate sound effects, Foley artists create a level of realism that helps the audience embrace the premise of the film, whether it is some crazy alien adventure or something based on everyday life. Which phrase should be revised to match the objective tone and formal style of the rest of the paragraph?

it is some crazy alien adventure

What three things must a writer use to develop a successful argument?

logical reasoning, relevant evidence, and persuasive diction

Study the editorial cartoon Total Eclipse 2017 by Nate Beeler. 8703-05-05-11-image1.png What is the purpose of this editorial cartoon?

to show that technology prevents people from directly experiencing major events

Which statement best summarizes this passage?

Islam spread widely through invading armies and voluntary conversion.

How does the interaction between the nurse and Nora advance the plot?

It demonstrates that Nora is considering leaving her children.

Read the excerpt from President Ronald Reagan's speech on the night before the 1980 presidential election. A popular novel of the '60s ended prophetically with its description of a "kindly, pleasant, greening land about to learn whether history still has a place for a nation so strangely composed of great ideals and uneasy compromise as she." That is really the question before us tonight: for the first time in our memory many Americans are asking: does history still have a place for America, for her people, for her great ideals? There are some who answer "no"; that our energy is spent, our days of greatness at an end, that a great national malaise is upon us. They say we must cut our expectations, conserve and withdraw, that we must tell our children . . . not to dream as we once dreamed. Last year I lost a friend who was more than a symbol of the Hollywood dream industry; to millions he was a symbol of our country itself. And when he died, the headlines seemed to convey all the doubt about America, all the nostalgia for a seemingly lost past. "The Last American Hero," said one headline; "Mr. America dies," said another. Well, I knew John Wayne well, and no one would have been angrier at being called the "last American hero." Just before his death, he said in his own blunt way, "Just give the American people a good cause, and there's nothing they can't lick." Duke Wayne did not believe that our country was ready for the dust bin of history, and if we'll just think about it we too will know it isn't. Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select three options.

Popular novels from the past often ask provocative questions that are important to consider today. Many Americans have given up and say that the nation is no longer great or a land of dreams. President Reagan believed that John Wayne would argue that he was not the last American hero, because there are many more.

In Enrique's Journey, Sonia Nazario tells readers about Enrique's emotional journey as he tries to leave Honduras. Why does writing about this in the form of a biography support her purpose?

She is able to give an objective account about one part of Enrique's life.

What does Sotomayor accomplish by using the words "morcilla—pig's intestine"?

Sotomayor brings the audience's attention to the uniqueness of her culture.

Which statement best describes the dramatic irony in this passage?

The audience knows that Nora is intentionally failing to dance correctly, but Helmer does not.

Which idea from this passage can be analyzed from both feminist and historical perspectives? Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. The first paragraph is a letter that Okeke sends to his son Nnaemeka. I have found a girl who will suit you admirably—Ugoye Nweke, the eldest daughter of our neighbour, Jacob Nweke. She has a proper Christian upbringing. When she stopped schooling some years ago, her father (a man of sound judgment) sent her to live in the house of a pastor where she has received all the training a wife could need. Her Sunday School teacher has told me that she reads her Bible very fluently. I hope we shall begin negotiations when you come home in December. On the second evening of his return from Lagos Nnaemeka sat with his father under a cassia tree. This was the old man's retreat where he went to read his Bible when the parching December sun had set and a fresh, reviving wind blew on the leaves.

A. how a woman could be considered "proper" in this culture during this period

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. (( [BRUTUS.] Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers, Caius... )) Why is this passage an example of verbal irony?

Brutus does not want to be a butcher but has to dismember Caesar.

What types of settings are typical of postapocalyptic fiction? Select two options.

a burned-out city a destroyed bridge

What is a universal theme?

a message about the human condition that people, regardless of differences, understand on a personal level

How does Helmer's attitude change after he reads the letter that the maid brings him?

he forgives Nora and is calm and patronizing

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and the background information on the allusion it contains. The underlined lines are an example of a

historical allusion

The tone of this speech most expresses a feeling of

frustration.

Evaluate

to judge the value of an argument in a careful and thoughtful way

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. Pressed tightly against one another, in an effort to resist the cold, our heads empty and heavy, our brains a whirlwind of decaying memories. Our minds numb with indifference. The most likely reason the author uses the word whirlwind in this excerpt is to show

rapid confusion.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. (( OCTAVIUS. Come, Antony, away! Defiance, traitors, hurl we in your teeth. )) What is the tone of this passage?

scornful

A(n) ___________________ makes clauses dependent.

subordinating conjunction

What evidence supports the cartoonist's perspective about declining participation in little league? Select two options.

the title of the cartoon at the top the response of the boy on the right

Which details in a story are most related to setting? Select three options.

time location atmosphere

Which excerpt from the passage best states the authors' claim?

"It was some of the worst labor."

What evidence from the passage best supports the theme that one's true nature is revealed in times of distress?

"Miserable creature—what have you done?"

Which sentence from Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war is an example of a bandwagon appeal?

"The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our Nation."

Which line from the poem "Monet's 'Waterlilies'" by Robert Hayden includes an allusion?

"Today as the news from Selma and Saigon"

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. When knowledge of sugar was just beginning to spread from India, from Persia, from Greece, from the great school of Jundi Shapur, cooks working for the wealthiest people treated it as a spice, blending it with other tastes. They continued to do that for another thousand years. What evidence from the passage supports the inference that sugar was expensive and not available to everyone?

"cooks working for the wealthiest people"

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. My mother must have been intrigued. She knew nothing of the horrid crimes of the dictatorship, for her parents were afraid to say anything—even to their own children—against the regime. So, as a young girl, my mother must have thought of El Jefe as a kind of movie star. She must have wanted to meet the great man. What is the central idea in this paragraph?

A) Her mother's image of the great man did not match reality.

Which statements describe characteristics of a nonrestrictive clause? Select three options. - A) It is set off by commas. B) It contains a subject and a verb. C) It is not set apart by punctuation. D) It is essential to the meaning of the sentence. E) It adds nonessential information to the sentence.

A) It is set off by commas. - and - B) It contains a subject and a verb. - and - E) It adds nonessential information to the sentence.

What evidence from the text supports the prediction that Helmer will learn the contents of the letter? Select THREE options. Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: You must not think of anything but me, either today or tomorrow; you mustn't open a single letter—not even open the letter-box— Helmer: Ah, you are still afraid of that fellow— Nora: Yes, indeed I am. Helmer: Nora, I can tell from your looks that there is a letter from him lying there. Nora: I don't know; I think there is; but you must not read anything of that kind now. Nothing horrid must come between us until this is all over. Rank: [whispers to HELMER] You mustn't contradict her. Helmer: [taking her in his arms] The child shall have her way. But tomorrow night, after you have danced— Nora: Then you will be free. [The MAID appears in the doorway to the right.] Maid: Dinner is served, ma'am. Nora: We will have champagne, Helen. Maid: Very good, ma'am. [Exit.] Helmer: Hullo!—are we going to have a banquet? Nora: Yes, a champagne banquet until the small hours. [Calls out.] And a few macaroons, Helen—lots, just for once! Helmer: Come, come, don't be so wild and nervous. Be my own little skylark, as you used. Nora: Yes, dear, I will. But go in now and you too, Doctor Rank. Christine, you must help me to do up my hair. Rank: [whispers to HELMER as they go out] I suppose there is nothing—she is not expecting anything? Helmer: Far from it, my dear fellow; it is simply nothing more than this childish nervousness I was telling you of. [They go into the right-hand room.] Nora: Well? Mrs. Linde: Gone out of town. Nora: I could tell from your face. Mrs. Linde: He is coming home tomorrow evening. I wrote a note for him. Nora: You should have let it alone; you must prevent nothing. After all, it is splendid to be waiting for a wonderful thing to happen. Mrs. Linde: What is it that you are waiting for? Nora: Oh, you wouldn't understand. Go in to them, I will come in a moment. [MRS. LINDE goes into the dining-room. NORA stands still for a little while, as if to compose herself. Then she looks at her watch.] Five o'clock. Seven hours until midnight; and then four-and-twenty hours until the next midnight. Then the Tarantella will be over. Twenty-four and seven? Thirty-one hours to live. Helmer: [from the doorway on the right] Where's my little skylark? Nora: [going to him with her arms outstretched] Here she is! - A) Helmer knows that there is a piece of mail from Krogstad in the box. B) Nora looks at her watch and tells herself she has 31 hours to live. C) Helmer thinks that Nora is nervous and dismisses her pleas about the mail. D) Mrs. Linde fails to find Krogstad so he can take back the piece of mail. E) Nora expresses her intention of having a champagne banquet.

A) Helmer knows that there is a piece of mail from Krogstad in the box. - and - C) Helmer thinks that Nora is nervous and dismisses her pleas about the mail. - and - D) Mrs. Linde fails to find Krogstad so he can take back the piece of mail.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. [ANTONY.] But here's a parchment with the seal of Caesar; I found it in his closet. 'Tis his will. Let but the commons hear this testament— Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read— And they would go and kiss dead Caesar's wounds, And dip their napkins in his sacred blood, Yea, beg a hair of him for memory, And, dying, mention it within their wills, Bequeathing it as a rich legacy Unto their issue. What is the best summary of this monologue?

Antony displays Caesar's will and says that if the people read it, they would worship Caesar so much that they would want something from him to worship as a relic.

Which details in a story are most related to setting? Select three options. - A. plot B. time C. dialogue D. location E. motivation F. atmosphere

B. time -and- D. location -and- F. atmosphere

Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. He was five years old when his mother left him. Now he is almost another person. Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." Children from Central America have been making that journey, often without their parents, for two decades. What do the excerpts have in common?

Both point out the tragic nature of situations in which children make journeys without their parents.

Read the excerpt from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. I understand the fear of war and the pain of division that afflict this continent—and I pledge to you my country's efforts to help overcome these burdens. To be sure, we in the West must resist Soviet expansion. So we must maintain defenses of unassailable strength. Yet we seek peace; so we must strive to reduce arms on both sides. Which statement best describes the impact of rhetorical techniques in this excerpt?

The use of inclusive language emphasizes hope for a better relationship in the future.

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 3, of Julius Caesar. CASSIUS. And why should Caesar be a tyrant then? Poor man, I know he would not be a wolf But that he sees the Romans are but sheep. Why is this excerpt an example of verbal irony?

Cassius actually believes that Caesar wants to be a tyrant.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. TITINIUS. O Cassius, Brutus gave the word too early, Who having some advantage on Octavius Took it too eagerly: his soldiers fell to spoil, Whilst we by Antony are all enclosed. [Enter PINDARUS] PINDARUS. Fly further off, my lord, fly further off, Mark Antony is in your tents, my lord: Fly, therefore, noble Cassius, fly far off. CASSIUS. This hill is far enough. Look, look, Titinius, Are those my tents where I perceive the fire? TITINIUS. They are, my lord. CASSIUS. Titinius, if thou lovest me, Mount thou my horse and hide thy spurs in him, Till he have brought thee up to yonder troops And here again, that I may rest assured Whether yond troops are friend or enemy. TITINIUS. I will be here again, even with a thought. What moral dilemma does this excerpt express?

Cassius must decide whether or not to send his best friend into the camp.

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. No man bears sorrow better. Portia is dead. CASSIUS. Ha! Portia? BRUTUS. She is dead. CASSIUS. How scaped I killing when I crossed you so? O insupportable and touching loss! Upon what sickness? BRUTUS. Impatient of my absence, And grief that young Octavius with Mark Antony Have made themselves so strong—for with her death That tidings came. With this, she fell distraught, And, her attendants absent, swallowed fire. Why is this excerpt an example of situational irony?

Cassius's response is unexpected because Brutus tried to protect him.

Read Shakespeare's "Sonnet 100." Where art thou, Muse, that thou forget'st so long To speak of that which gives thee all thy might? Spend'st thou thy fury on some worthless song, Darkening thy power to lend base subjects light? Return, forgetful Muse, and straight redeem5 In gentle numbers time so idly spent; Sing to the ear that doth thy lays esteem And gives thy pen both skill and argument. Rise, resty Muse, my love's sweet face survey, If Time have any wrinkle graven there;10 If any, be a satire to decay, And make Time's spoils despised every where. Give my love fame faster than Time wastes life; So thou prevent'st his scythe and crooked knife. What is the best paraphrase of line 9?

Get up and look at his lovely face.

How does the alien with the baseball bat contribute to the effectiveness of the political cartoon?

It uses humor to show that unknown factors keep damaging the probes humans send.

Read the excerpt from "The Royal House of Thebes." Some hours later, Creon in the palace was startled by a shout, "Against your orders Polyneices has been buried." He hurried out to be confronted with the guards he had set on the dead body and with Antigone. "This girl buried him," they cried. "We saw her. A thick dust-storm gave her her chance. When it cleared, the body had been buried and the girl was making an offering to the dead." "You knew my edict?" Creon asked. "Yes," Antigone replied. "And you transgressed the law?" "Your law, but not the law of Justice who dwells with the gods," Antigone said. "The unwritten laws of heaven are not of today nor yesterday, but from all time." Which universal theme is best represented in the excerpt?

Morality outweighs human laws.

Which characteristics best identify an article as an editorial? Select three options.

The author uses emotional language to support a claim. The author includes a persuasive conclusion at the end of the article. The article is written to convince others to agree with the author.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 4. PORTIA. I prithee, boy, run to the Senate House; Stay not to answer me, but get thee gone.- Why dost thou stay? LUCIUS. To know my errand, madam. PORTIA. I would have had thee there and here again 5 Ere I can tell thee what thou shouldst do there. [Aside] O constancy, be strong upon my side; Set a huge mountain 'tween my heart and tongue. I have a man's mind, but a woman's might. How hard it is for women to keep counsel! 10 [To LUCIUS] Art thou here yet? LUCIUS. Madam, what should I do? Run to the Capitol, and nothing else? And so return to you, and nothing else? PORTIA. Yes, bring me word, boy, if thy lord look well, For he went sickly forth; and take good note 15 What Caesar doth, what suitors press to him. Hark, boy, what noise is that? LUCIUS. I hear none, madam. Which conclusion does this excerpt best support?

Portia wants to take action, but she cannot.

Read the passage from act 2, scene 1, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. Kneel not, gentle Portia. . . . You are my true and honourable wife, As dear to me as are the ruddy drops That visit my sad heart. PORTIA. If this were true, then should I know this secret. . . . Tell me your counsels; I will not disclose 'em. I have made strong proof of my constancy, Giving myself a voluntary wound Here in the thigh. Can I bear that with patience, And not my husband's secrets? Which details best support the theme that loyalty to one's spouse is important? Select two options.

Portia's insistence that she will not tell Brutus's secrets to anyone Portia's self-inflicted wound to prove that she is constant

Which rules must be followed for an MLA citation to be correct? Select four options.

The author's name, if known, must be included. Both opening and closing quotation marks must be used when quoting directly from a text. The complete citation must be added to the works cited page. The author's name can be placed either before the quotation or within parentheses.

Read the passage from an argumentative essay. Vaccines are a safe and effective way to avoid harmful diseases. The proof lies in the history books—smallpox has not been seen in the United States since 1948, or anywhere else in the world since 1977. That is because smallpox vaccines eradicated the disease from the planet. Despite the obvious effectiveness of vaccination, opponents argue that vaccines can contain harmful ingredients, such as aluminum, which, in excess, may lead to neurological damage. However, until studies show a direct and irrefutable link between vaccines and harmful outcomes due to their ingredients, we should continue to give our bodies the best chance for survival by receiving vaccinations. Which statement best evaluates the effectiveness of the argument?

The argument is strong because the claim is supported by logical evidence and a counterclaim is considered.

What are the most likely meanings of the idiom "we'll cross that bridge when we come to it"? Select two options.

We are not going to do that yet. We will talk about that problem if and when it happens.

What types of evidence support inferences about characters in a play? Select three options.

characters' thoughts and actions characters' appearances and ways of dressing characters' responses to other characters

Which character in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar must decide whether or not to join the conspiracy to kill his friend Caesar?

Brutus

How does situational irony best contribute to satire?

Satire relies on situational irony to expose the difference between society's beliefs and reality.

By making inferences based on analysis of a character, the reader is able to determine a character's

motivation.

Read the paragraph. (1) Playing a team sport such as soccer or lacrosse can help a child learn important life skills, such as sportsmanship, loyalty, and discipline. (2) Sports also give children a chance to have fun with their friends. (3) However, being on a team can also put undue pressure on a child, canceling out the positive effects. (4) Generally though, the majority of children who play team sports have a positive experience, perform better in school, and develop strong relationships with others. Which sentence contains a rebuttal?

sentence 4

What reasons do the authors give to support their claim about the importance of social media in the Arab uprisings? Select two options.

the explanation that most Egyptians do not use the technology the fact that information from bit.ly links was shared around the world

Read the last two lines of Shakespeare's "Sonnet 130." And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare, As any she belied with false compare. Which context clue best supports the definition of belied as "contradicted" or "disproved"?

"false compare"

Which of these sources provide reliable information for research? Check all that apply.

.gov website scholarly article book written by an expert

How do the details in this passage support the authors' purpose?

The details about sugar's dependency on slavery help inform readers about why sugar was inexpensive.

Read the definitions. ex- = "out" im- = "in" plicit = "folded" Which sentence uses the underlined word correctly?

The research assignment came with explicit instructions on source citation.

In poetry, the term speaker refers to the

narrator

Valid

to make sense and be logical

Which elements does a strong argumentative essay always contain? Select two options.

claim evidence

Read the sentence. Sayeed Johnson, who is running for mayor, will be speaking at the city library tonight. Which terms describe the underlined portion of the sentence? Select two options.

clause phrase

Which pair of words share the same prefix?

disintegrate and disappear

Which clause completes the sentence by creating parallelism?

exercise regularly

Read the text and study the diagram. What a person eats every day is shaped by many factors, including age, situation, culture, tradition, access to food, and personal preference. Regardless, every decision a person makes about food and beverages matters. Fortunately, planning a healthy diet doesn't have to be difficult. Here are some simple things to keep in mind when building a healthy diet: • Fill up half your plate with fruits and vegetables. • Move to low-fat and fat-free dairy. • Vary your routine for eating proteins. • Make half of your grains whole grains. Which revision would make the diagram more helpful?

labels indicating the recommended percentage of each food group

Which of these are reliable Internet sources for conducting research? Check all that apply.

sites run by universities US government sites online newspaper sites

Which is the most reliable source to support a paper on the proper care of peach trees?

the article "Peach Trees" on a local university website

Which evidence from the text best supports the theme that it is better if the truth comes out?

"This unhappy secret must be disclosed; they must have a complete understanding."

What does Dr. Rank say about "those who go away?"

"Those who go away are soon forgotten."

Which sentence from Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech is the best example of hyperbole?

"Throughout the Pacific, free markets are working miracle after miracle of economic growth."

the tragic heroine

What happens in an ad hominem persuasive technique?

A person is attacked rather than an argument.

Which statements are true of external conflicts? Select three options.

A. They propel the plot of a story. -and- C. They take place between two characters in a story. -and- D. They happen when a character is at odds with society.

What is the most accurate definition of resolution? - A. a conclusion to the entire plot B. the explanation of the climax C. an event in the falling action D. the conflict and events combined

A. a conclusion to the entire plot

How does the characterization of Cyril contribute to the satire in "The Storyteller."?

through his constant questions

Who is Brutus's foil in Julius Caesar?

Cassius

Why is it helpful to examine the tone of a sonnet?

Determining the speaker's attitude toward the topic of a sonnet is essential to an accurate interpretation.

Which statements describe iambic pentameter as it is used in Shakespearean sonnets? Select two options.

Each line contains five metrical feet. In a group of two syllables, the second is stressed.

What is the definition of empirical evidence?

Empirical evidence is evidence based on scientific research.

How does Nora describe Torvald's "love?"

He thinks it's fun to be in love with her

Read the excerpts from Does My Head Look Big in This? and Persepolis. Excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This?: Forget sanity if you're the only one with a pass to sit in the back of church during service. Well, not every time. I remember once when I attended confession. I was in fourth grade. I was standing with my class in line to take the Eucharist. I wasn't supposed to be in line but I didn't feel like sitting like a loner in the back pew till the end of the service. Excerpt from Persepolis: Which statement is true about the narrators' different perspectives?

It can be difficult and confusing when you do not know why you need to do certain things.

Which statement defines denotation?

It is a word's dictionary meaning.

How does the image most support the central idea of this text?

It shows the large numbers of workers and tasks required to refine sugar.

Which statements describe a text with an argumentative structure? Select three options.

It states an opinion. It offers reasons and evidence. It acknowledges opposing claims.

Which statement best describes the structure of this passage?

It uses a problem-and-solution structure to show how people got honey without searching for bees.

Which statement describes an effective use of notes in a presentation?

Notes should be easy to follow to maintain the speaker's train of thought.

Read the claim from an argumentative essay. Bob Dylan should not have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Which sentence best states a counterclaim?

Of course, it is true that Dylan's lyrics have had an enduring impact on people around the world.

Read this example of incorrect sentence structure. Paula is moving to Chicago, winters are cold there. Which revision best corrects the sentence?

Paula is moving to Chicago, where winters are cold.

Which statement best shows how evidence related to historical events can support a claim?

Primary sources can include the exact words that witnesses used to testify at a trial.

How does Nora approach Torvald about keeping Krogstad on at the bank?

She acts like a child and says she'll do anything for him if he doesn't fire Krogstad.

In his argument in favor of starting classes later in the morning, João is addressing the counterclaim that classes should not start later because doing so would limit students' opportunity to participate in school sports and clubs. Although starting classes later might well make it impossible for students to spend as many hours on after-school sports, getting more sleep would ensure that they got more out of the time they did spend on those activities. With more sleep, their sporting performance would actually improve. Which evidence would best support João's rebuttal? Select three options.

Sleep deprivation harms memory. Overtired teens are more prone to accidents. Teens dealing from sleep deprivation lose the ability to focus.

Which statements describe what to do when writing an effective summary of a speech? Select three options.

State the speaker's central idea in your own words. Present the ideas in the same order they appear in the speech. Begin with the central idea and then include a few key details.

What claim does Taney make in this passage?

The Missouri circuit court does not have jurisdiction in the case against Sanford.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. (( OCTAVIUS. Come, come, the cause. If arguing make us sweat, )) How does the motif in this passage connect to the central idea?

The blood motif suggests that revenge will lead to violence and death.

Jamal is writing a literary analysis essay responding to this quote from F. Scott Fitzgerald: "That is part of the beauty of all literature. You discover that your longings are universal longings, that you're not lonely and isolated from anyone. You belong." Read the reason Jamal gives for his own viewpoint in the first body paragraph of his literary analysis essay. Interactions between family members are an example of a universal theme that can connect to most readers. Which sentence best serves as evidence for this reason?

The central idea in Amy Tan's "Two Kinds," the conflict between parent and child, is expressed by the daughter's retort, "You want me to be something I'm not."

What evidence supports the cartoonist's perspective about testing?

The exams are huge and are labeled "more tests" and "still more tests," showing that testing is overdone.

Which statement describes a catastrophe in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar?

The mob turns against the conspirators and defeats Brutus's armies.

Which sentence is correctly punctuated?

The observatory theater has three weekday showings—11:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m., and 3:00 p.m.

Examine the public service ads. This first ad is from 1917. This second ad is a modern ad from a website. What is the main difference between these two public service ads?

The older ad provides specific ideas, while the newer ad tells how to get more information.

Read the excerpt from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. As I looked out a moment ago from the Reichstag, that embodiment of German unity, I noticed words crudely spray-painted upon the wall, perhaps by a young Berliner, "This wall will fall. Beliefs become reality." Yes, across Europe, this wall will fall. For it cannot withstand faith; it cannot withstand truth. The wall cannot withstand freedom. How does repetition create meaning in this excerpt?

The repetition emphasizes the principles of freedom.

Which best describes a good reference for an informative essay?

The source is reliable and knowledgeable.

What is the connection between Mrs. Linde and Krogstad?

They had a relationship

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. Trina and her classmates are discussing coding. One student references a coding language that Trina is unfamiliar with, saying that she prefers it for the type of programming they are discussing. Trina responds by asking the student to explain why she likes it so that she can learn more. She asks the student how the coding language is similar to one she is already familiar with. Which statements describe what kind of listener Trina is? Select two options.

Trina is a good listener because she responds by asking questions to clarify the topic being discussed. Trina is a good listener because she uses prior knowledge to make connections that further her understanding.

Which statement from a city mayor's speech is an example of hyperbole?

Voting in the municipal election is a matter of life and death.

Which statement best summarizes the central idea in this excerpt?

We will do whatever it takes to preserve our freedom, but will get more done working together.

Which pieces of evidence are most likely empirical? Select two options.

a historical study showing that Indian workers were paid low wages research showing that planters encouraged rivalry between workers

In the introductory paragraph of a literary analysis, where should writers place their viewpoint of the quotation they analyze?

after their interpretation of the quotation

What evidence from "The Storyteller" supports the theme that pride goes before a fall? Select two options.

"'It's a very difficult thing to tell stories that children can both understand and appreciate,' she said stiffly." and "'Unhappy woman!' he observed to himself as he walked down the platform of Templecombe station; 'for the next six months or so those children will assail her in public with demands for an improper story!'"

Which quotation from the text best supports the theme that changes can be both exciting and unnerving?

"'Cause sometimes it hard to let the future begin!"

Which quotation from Amy Tan's "Two Kinds" effectively supports the universal theme that parents' expectations can lead to childhood rebellion?

"'I'm not going to play anymore,' I said nonchalantly. 'Why should I? I'm not a genius.'"

Which excerpts from "Two Kinds" show a connection between conflict and culture? Select two options.

"'Why don't you like me the way I am? I'm not a genius! I can't play the piano. And even if I could, I wouldn't go on TV if you paid me a million dollars!' I cried." "My mother slapped me. 'Who ask you be genius?' she shouted. 'Only ask you be your best. For you sake. You think I want you to be genius? Hnnh! What for! Who ask you!'"

What evidence from the passage best supports the inference that white sugar was rarer and more valuable than brown sugar? Select two options.

"The kind of sugar easiest to produce from cane is dark" and "wanted it to be as pure, sweet, and white as possible"

What does Torvald say about Mrs. Linde?

"she is a frightful bore"

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. (( CASCA. I can as well be hanged as tell the manner of it... )) Which senses does this excerpt appeal to? Select three options.

1. sight: "swooned and fell down" 2. sound: "the rabblement hooted" 3. touch: "chapped hands"

What is the definition of tone? - A) the main subject or issues that a text presents B) the speaker's attitude toward the topic or a character C) a feeling or idea associated with a word in a text D) the literal meaning or dictionary definition of a word

B) the speaker's attitude toward the topic or a character

Which excerpts from "Two Kinds" are examples of internal conflict? Select two options. - A. "America was where all my mother's hopes lay. She had come here in 1949 after losing everything in China: her mother and father, her family home, her first husband, and two daughters, twin baby girls. But she never looked back with regret. There were so many ways for things to get better." B. "In all of my imaginings, I was filled with a sense that I would soon become perfect. My mother and father would adore me. I would be beyond reproach. I would never feel the need to sulk for anything." C. "Before going to bed that night, I looked in the mirror above the bathroom sink and when I saw only my face staring back—and that it would always be this ordinary face—I began to cry. Such a sad, ugly girl! I made high-pitched noises like a crazed animal, trying to scratch out the face in the mirror." D. "My mother slapped me. 'Who ask you be genius?' she shouted. 'Only ask you be your best. For you sake. You think I want you to be genius? Hnnh! What for! Who ask you!' "'So ungrateful,' I heard her mutter in Chinese, 'If she had as much talent as she has temper, she would be famous now.'" E. "So maybe I never really gave myself a fair chance. I did pick up the basics pretty quickly, and I might have become a good pianist at that young age. But I was so determined not to try, not to be anybody different that I learned to play only the most ear-splitting preludes, the most discordant hymns."

C. "Before going to bed that night, I looked in the mirror above the bathroom sink and when I saw only my face staring back—and that it would always be this ordinary face—I began to cry. Such a sad, ugly girl! I made high-pitched noises like a crazed animal, trying to scratch out the face in the mirror." -and- E. "So maybe I never really gave myself a fair chance. I did pick up the basics pretty quickly, and I might have become a good pianist at that young age. But I was so determined not to try, not to be anybody different that I learned to play only the most ear-splitting preludes, the most discordant hymns."

Which lines from "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove provide an example of a rhyme? - A. "This is for the woman with one black wing / perched over her eyes: lovely Frida, erect" B. "her spine resides in, that flaming pillar— / this priestess in the romance of mirrors." C. "to the celluloid butterflies of her Beloved dead, / Lenin and Marx and Stalin arrayed at the footstead." D. "love a skull in the circular window / of the thumbprint searing her immutable brow."

C. "to the celluloid butterflies of her Beloved dead, / Lenin and Marx and Stalin arrayed at the footstead."

How does this line relate to the artwork? Read the line from Robert Hayden's poem "Monet's 'Waterlilies,'" then look at the painting Water Lilies by Claude Monet. O light beheld as through refracting tears. - A. It points out that the artwork addresses a sad topic. B. It explains the importance of light to supporting life. C. It compares the painting to an emotional experience. D. It suggests that the scene was painted at night.

C. It compares the painting to an emotional experience.

The way a story's narrator and characters are presented and developed is called - A. perception. B. social impact. C. characterization. D. physical setting.

C. characterization.

Erick is writing a research-based informative essay on the benefits of learning to code early in life. Which topic sentence most effectively introduces his essay?

Coding is computer programming that, when studied at a young age, can lead to future benefits.

In an interpretive literary essay, what is the purpose of commentary in body paragraphs?

Commentary explains how evidence supports the writer's viewpoints.

Which questions may be applied to a literary analysis from a historical approach? Select two options.

D. Who was the intended audience at the time of publication? -and- E. What social, political, and cultural forces prevailed when the text was written?

Which sentence best states the authors' claim in this passage?

Economic demand for sugar led to political pressure to end enslavement.

Which is the most effective thesis statement?

FDR was the greatest president because he established unprecedented measures that helped end the Great Depression.

Why won't Torvald rehire Krogstad for Nora? How do Torvald and Krogstad know each other from the past?

He already told everyone at the bank that he's firing Krogstad and if he doesn't, it'll make him seem like Nora has control over him. They were college friends and Krogstad would call Torvald by his first name at work, which is embarrassing.

What happened to Krogstad?

He was fired.

What inference does the text best support?

Helmer's self-esteem is dependent on people believing that he is not influenced by his wife.

Which inference does this passage support?

Hindu people must have valued the five substances they used as sacrifices.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. From the 1750s on, sugar transformed how Europeans ate. Chefs who served the wealthy began to divide meals up. Where sugar had previously been used either as a decoration (as in the wedding feast) or as a spice to flavor all courses, now it was removed from recipes for meat, fish, and vegetables and given its own place—in desserts. Dessert as the extremely sweet end to the meal was invented because so much sugar was available. But the wealthy were not the only ones whose meals were changing. Sugar became a food, a necessity, and the foundation of the diet for England's poorest workers. How does the use of the word transformed support the claim in this passage?

It indicates that the addition of sugar was a significant change to Europeans' diets.

What about Krogstad's letter? What does Mrs. Linde want him to do with it? What does Krogstad want to do with it?

It is still in the mailbox. She wants the letter to stay there but he will demand it back.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. (( [CASSIUS.] Two mighty eagles fell, and there they perched, Gorging and feeding from our soldiers' hands; )) How does the use of the word fresh affect the meaning of the passage?

It reveals Cassius's sense of optimism.

Read the excerpt from Persepolis. What is the central idea of these panels?

Marjane wants to be a prophet to fix the world's injustices.

Which statement is the most effective claim?

Organic foods are a healthier option than conventional foods.

How does religion relate to this? The law?

She is not sure what religion is and the law doesn't allow a woman to protect the men in her life

What does Torvald say about Nora and her costume and doing the tarantella at the party? What does he pretend?

She was perfect. He pretends Nora is his secret bride-to-be/mistress

What did Nora point out about their marriage and their relationship?

That they've never had a serious talk about anything

Why is Nora counting down until thirty hours pass?

That's how long she has left until Torvald gets the letter

Read the excerpt from chapter 8 of The Travels of Marco Polo. Hormuz is a great and splendid city on the sea, governed by a malik and with several cities and towns in subjection to it. The people are Saracens who worship Mahomet. The climate is excessively hot—so hot that the houses are fitted with ventilators to catch the wind. The ventilators are set to face the quarter from which the wind blows and let it blow into the house. This they do because they cannot endure the over-powering heat. Which statement best explains the author's perspective about living in Hormuz?

The author is impressed by the hot climate and the people's response to it.

Which rules must be followed for an MLA citation to be correct? Select four options.

Which sentence includes a restrictive clause?

The ceramic cups Birgit bought at the garage sale are all chipped.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace. . . . The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Instead, the study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. . . . Data from the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project at least somewhat supports this conclusion with its findings that the majority of Egyptians are not online. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the total population do not use the internet. When looking specifically at those with a college education, use of social media for obtaining political information is more prevalent than in other segments of the population. Though most of the country is disconnected from the internet, 84% of those who are online say they visit social networking sites for news about Egypt's political situation. These findings point to social media's important role in spreading information, but do not necessarily indicate that social media was a mobilizing force in the uprisings. Read the excerpt from "The Truth about Twitter, Facebook and the Uprisings in the Arab World" by Peter Beaumont. As commentators have tried to imagine the nature of the uprisings, they have attempted to cast them as many things: as an Arab version of the eastern European revolutions of 1989 or something akin to the Iranian revolution that toppled the Shah in 1979. Most often, though, they have tried to conceive them through the media that informed them—as the result of WikiLeaks, as "Twitter revolutions" or inspired by Facebook. All of which, as American media commentator Jay Rosen has written, has generated an equally controversialist class of article in reply, most often written far from the revolutions. These stories are not simply sceptical about the contribution of social media, but determined to deny it has played any part. Those at the vanguard of this argument include Malcolm Gladwell in the New Yorker (Does Egypt Need Twitter?), the New Statesman's Laurie Penny (Revolts Don't Have to be Tweeted) and even David Kravets of Wired.co.uk (What's Fuelling Mideast Protests? It's More Than Twitter). All have argued one way or another that since there were revolutions before social media, and it is people who make revolutions, how could it be important? Except social media has played a role. For those of us who have covered these events, it has been unavoidable. Precisely how we communicate in these moments of historic crisis and transformation is important. The medium that carries the message shapes and defines as well as the message itself. The instantaneous nature of how social media communicate self-broadcast ideas, unlimited by publication deadlines and broadcast news slots, explains in part the speed at which these revolutions have unravelled, their almost viral spread across a region. It explains, too, the often loose and non-hierarchical organisation of the protest movements unconsciously modelled on the networks of the web. Which passage provides more effective evidence, and why?

The first passage provides more effective evidence because it has data and statistics from research reports, while the second passage uses titles of articles and authors' names as evidence.

How does the image best support the text?

The image shows what a sugar plantation looked like and what brutal work enslaved people endured.

Read the sentences. The inventor initially struggled to solve the problem. She discovered an ingenious solution. Which revision uses a coordinating conjunction to combine the sentences?

The inventor initially struggled to solve the problem, but she discovered an ingenious solution.

Read the excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This? by Randa Abdel-Fattah. Now the next thing, and it's really very simple, is that while I'm not going to abandon my fashion sense—you'd better believe I'd never give up my shopping sprees—I'm sick of obsessing about my body, what guys are going to think about my cleavage and calves and shoulder-to-hip ratio. And for the love of everything that is good and holy I am really sick of worrying what people are going to think if I put on a few pounds or have a pimple. I mean, homeroom on Monday morning can be such a stress attack. Which statement best explains how the narrative tone reveals a unique perspective?

The narrator's frustration helps readers understand what it is like to be a teenager.

Read the excerpt from chapter 10 of Animal Farm. But the luxuries of which Snowball had once taught the animals to dream, the stalls with electric light and hot and cold water, and the three-day week, were no longer talked about. Napoleon had denounced such ideas as contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The truest happiness, he said, lay in working hard and living frugally. How does Orwell use irony in this excerpt?

The text shows that the animals expected a different outcome than the reality they are facing.

Which statement best explains the two possible interpretations of the sonnet?

The three quatrains satirize common poetic comparisons of one's beloved to beautiful things, suggesting that the speaker's feelings are not strong. However, the sudden reversal in tone in the final couplet surprises and moves through its sincerity and depth of feeling, suggesting strong emotions.

Which statements accurately define archetypes? Select three options.

They convey universal meanings and shared human experiences. They are universal symbols found in literature. They can include characters, plots, settings, objects, and themes.

Which statements describe both graphic novels and comic books? Select three options.

They use panels. They include images and words. They contain gutters.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The traders who came up from Italy offered items they had bought [from] Muslims, which were not available in Europe: fruits such as oranges, apricots, and figs; dyes such as cochineal, which produces a rich red; rare fabrics such as cotton and raw silk. Many of the fabrics that we know of today came to Europe via the Muslims, and their names still show their origins: damask from Damascus, muslin from Mosul, gauzes from Gaza. Which inference does this passage best support?

Traders brought not only sugar but also other valuable items to Europe.

Read this example of incorrect sentence structure. Winter is coming I need a new coat. Which revisions best correct the sentence? Select three options.

Winter is coming; I need a new coat. Winter is coming, so I need a new coat. Because winter is coming, I need a new coat.

What is imagery in a play?

a literary device that uses vivid language that appeals to the senses

Read the lines from Robert Hayden's poem "Monet's 'Waterlilies,'" and then look at the painting Water Lilies by Claude Monet. Today as the news from Selma and Saigon poisons the air like fallout, I come again to see the serene, great picture that I love. What does the poem include that the artwork does not?

an allusion to conflict

How does the authors' choice of hungry to describe the mills best support the claim?

by showing the relentless pace that enslaved people had to keep during the harvest

When revising an essay, how can a writer best connect ideas more clearly?

by using transitions to create logical relationships among the claim, reasons, and evidence

A reporter is planning to write a review of the newest restaurant in town for a city magazine. According to guidelines from the Society of Professional Journalists, what should she do before she writes the review?

dine at the restaurant without alerting the management that she is coming in to do a review

Read the sentence from "The Crab That Played with the Sea." Now, while the two were talking together, Pau Amma the Crab, who was next in the game, scuttled off sideways and stepped into the sea, saying to himself, 'I will play my play alone in the deep waters, and I will never be obedient to this son of Adam.' The underlined words are an example of

imagery.

Read this passage from Giovanna's evaluation of an argument claiming that climate change is not affected by human activity. Niemand's article on climate change in the editorial section of today's newspaper offers a weak argument. His reasoning consists of little more than unsubstantiated assertions that climate change is not affected by human activity. In an effective evaluation, which element would follow this statement?

text evidence from Niemand's argument

What was the "miracle" Nora kept hoping for? Did it happen?

that Torvald would take responsibility for her mistake and protect her and save her and this did not happen because he just got mad at her

Study the editorial cartoon by Signe Wilkinson. 8703-05-05-26-image1.png Which element is most effective in this cartoon?

the body language and expression of the snowman

Study the editorial cartoon by Ann Telnaes. 8703-05-05-25-image1.png Which element contributes most to the effectiveness of this cartoon?

the cow holding the sign

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 2, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. (( [BRUTUS.] He is not doubted—A word, Lucillius. How he received you let me be resolved. )) Which central idea is reflected in this passage?

the extent to loyalty

After the high point of a story, what leads to the conflict resolution?

the falling action

What is a couplet, in the context of a Shakespearean sonnet?

the final two lines

reasons

the main points that develop the claim

What is the best paraphrase of line 9?

Get up and look at his lovely face.

Which journalistic decisions would violate the code of ethics set by the Society of Professional Journalists? Select two options.

1. A reporter writes a story about his wife's company without revealing their relationship. 2. A magazine runs a series of articles speculating about a celebrity's medical history.

Which statements describe characteristics of a restrictive clause? Select three options.

1. It contains a subject and a verb. 2. It is not set apart by punctuation. 3. It is essential to the meaning of the sentence.

Which statement about news reports in true?

News reports include objective facts presented without bias.

Read the two passages about school uniforms. Passage 1 "What should I wear today? Will this help me fit in?" If we listen to recent studies, which reveal the impact that school uniforms have, our children no longer have to ask themselves those questions. Uniforms decrease fighting. Uniforms decrease drug use. Uniforms decrease vandalism. There is no other possible solution to fix our schools. Passage 2 When schools introduce uniforms, students become complacent, no longer interested in individuality. When schools introduce uniforms, schools lose their identities, blending in to look the same as other schools. When schools introduce uniforms, what is the true cost? The unfortunate answer will come as no surprise. Which statement compares the rhetorical techniques used in the arguments?

Passage 1 uses tricolon and an overstatement, while passage 2 uses anaphora and a rhetorical question.

Which statement best evaluates the effectiveness of the evidence in the text?

The argument is convincing because the authors use varied forms of relevant evidence, including well researched studies and verifiable data.

Read the sentence. My dog Faideaux won the county dog show. What can be concluded about Faideaux?

The speaker has more than one dog.

Which sentences correctly use commas? Select two options.

Washington was a general before becoming president, and Jackson was also a general. After his voyage in 1492, Columbus and his men arrived in what they believed to be Southeast Asia.

How should the underlined section be revised to create parallel structure?

to guide the team that will carry out their vision

Which statement best describes the theme of a fictional text?

A theme is an idea about a topic that is not directly stated.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. [CAESAR.] So in the world: 'tis furnished well with men, And men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive; Yet in the number I do know but one That unassailable holds on his rank, Unshaked of motion; and that I am he Let me a little show it even in this— That I was constant Cimber should be banished, And constant do remain to keep him so. What is the best summary of this monologue?

Caesar refuses to reverse Cimber's banishment. He says that, although the world is full of reasonable men, he is the only one who stands firm, and he will stick by his sentence to prove it.

What is the function of a claim in an argument?

to state the writer's opinion

Which question does this passage answer most effectively?

Why did Africans leave the plantations to farm elsewhere?

Which question should a reader ask to identify an author's purpose?

Why did the author write this text?

Which literary elements typically appear in a travelogue? Select three options.

a person's account of his or her experiences descriptions of sights, cultures, climates, and lands drawings, photographs, maps, or memorabilia

Read the procedural text. 19 Easy Ways to Winterize Your Home 11. Use Caulking and Weatherstripping Simple leaks can sap home energy efficiency by 5 to 30 percent a year, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. That means it pays to seal up gaps with caulking and weatherstripping. Which reader is most likely to find the photo in this document helpful?

a reader who is unfamiliar with the materials

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. [PORTIA.] It will not let you eat, nor talk, nor sleep, And could it work so much upon your shape As it hath much prevailed on your condition, I should not know you Brutus. Dear my lord, Make me acquainted with your cause of grief. BRUTUS. I am not well in health, and that is all. PORTIA. Brutus is wise, and, were he not in health, He would embrace the means to come by it. . . . [PORTIA.] You have some sick offence within your mind Which by the right and virtue of my place, I ought to know of. What tone does Portia use when speaking to Brutus?

bitter

What details from a story best help develop the theme?

character motivation and plot

Which of the these are reliable sources when conducting research? Check all that apply.

electronic textbooks local newspapers

Read the scenario. Joe, a reporter for Main Street News, covered a campaign rally for Jiya Patel, who is running for county commissioner. While at the rally, he interviewed the candidate and some audience members as his research for the article. He then wrote an article describing the rally, the candidate's platform, and the reasons her supporters believe that she is the best person for this job. When he finished, he turned his article in to his editor. As the editor reviews this story, he sees a public report on campaign donations and learns that Joe has made a sizeable contribution to Patel's campaign. What is the most ethical action for the editor to take?

explain to the reporter that the newspaper cannot run the story because of perceived bias based on donations, so the article is being reassigned

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Sometimes signs are sent by bad spirits. I waited again on the flat rock, fasting, taking no food. I was very still—I could feel the sky above me and the earth beneath. I waited till the sun was beginning to sink. Then three deer passed in the valley going east—they did not mind me or see me. There was a white fawn with them—a very great sign. Which details does the author include to describe the setting? Select two options.

waited again on the flat rock" "the sun was beginning to sink"

What is the dramatic irony in this passage?

The audience knows that Krogstad loaned Nora money, but Mrs. Linde does not know this.

Which terms describe the underlined portion of the sentence? Select three options.

phrase restrictive appositive

Poetry that does not follow a specific form and does not have a set rhyme pattern is known as

free verse.

The underlined section is referred to as a(n)

quatrain.

Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." To permanently stem this flow of children, we must address the complex root causes of violence in Honduras, as well as the demand for illegal drugs in the United States that is fueling that violence. What device supports the author's purpose, which is to show what has led to the refugee crisis?

repetition

How does Nora describe herself in relation to her father and Torvald?

she sees herself a doll child to her father and a doll wife to Torvald because they treated her like a doll

propaganda

information that is meant to stir up fear in readers

Read the passage. The panther paused to sniff the humid night air. It heard noises up ahead, but it did not recognize the sounds. The strange noises continued, and the panther became frightened. The panther crept into a cave because it was afraid. Which sentence from the passage is complex?

The panther crept into a cave because it was afraid.

Read the excerpt from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. While we pursue these arms reductions, I pledge to you that we will maintain the capacity to deter Soviet aggression at any level at which it might occur. And in cooperation with many of our allies, the United States is pursuing the Strategic Defense Initiative—research to base deterrence not on the threat of offensive retaliation, but on defenses that truly defend; on systems, in short, that will not target populations, but shield them. By these means we seek to increase the safety of Europe and all the world. Which type of appeal is used in this part of the speech?

a logical appeal

Study the editorial cartoon NFL Head Injuries by Adam Zyglis. Based on the cartoon, what statement would the cartoonist most likely agree with?

Football players face serious risks.

Which elements must be included to make a claim effective? Check all that apply.

the author's rebuttal to those who disagree the evidence that supports the author's reasons

When participating in a group discussion, a good group member maintains a balance between

speaking and listening.

Which elements of a play are considered technical elements? Select three options.

special effects scenery costumes

argument

support for an author's positions using

Read the definitions. taught taught /tôt/ verb past tense of teach, meaning to show or explain how to do something taut taut /tôt/ adj. pulled tight pours pours /pôrs/ verb moves in a continuous flow pores pores /pôrs/ verb studies intently The students were __________ that an accomplished scientist always _____ over the results of an experiment. Which homophones correctly complete the sentence?

taught, pores

Read this passage from Giovanna's evaluation of an argument claiming that climate change is not affected by human activity. In an effective evaluation, which element would follow this statement?

text evidence from Niemand's argument.

Read the body paragraph from an interpretive analysis of literary texts. Amy Tan uses figurative language in "Two Kinds" to express a young Chinese American girl's frustration with her mother's expectation of perfection. Tan's main character remembers thinking, "Such a sad, ugly girl! I made high-pitched noises like a crazed animal, trying to scratch out the face in the mirror." What should come next in this body paragraph?

a reason that supports the writer's thesis

bias

an unfair feeling that an author has for or against something

Which excerpts from "Two Kinds" are examples of internal conflict? Select two options.

"Before going to bed that night, I looked in the mirror above the bathroom sink and when I saw only my face staring back—and that it would always be this ordinary face—I began to cry. Such a sad, ugly girl! I made high-pitched noises like a crazed animal, trying to scratch out the face in the mirror." "So maybe I never really gave myself a fair chance. I did pick up the basics pretty quickly, and I might have become a good pianist at that young age. But I was so determined not to try, not to be anybody different that I learned to play only the most ear-splitting preludes, the most discordant hymns."

The image shows a glass of dirty water with a straw in it. Which caption would most effectively connect the image to the presenter's topic?

"If our water supply is not cleaned up, your next glass could look like this."

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." I looked out of another window—the great vines of their bridges were mended and god-roads went east and west. Restless, restless, were the gods and always in motion! They burrowed tunnels under rivers—they flew in the air. With unbelievable tools they did giant works—no part of the earth was safe from them, for, if they wished for a thing, they summoned it from the other side of the world. And always, as they labored and rested, as they feasted and made love, there was a drum in their ears—the pulse of the giant city, beating and beating like a man's heart. Which text evidence from the passage best supports the theme that technology can come with an environmental cost?

"No part of the earth was safe from them, for, if they wished for a thing, they summoned it from the other side of the world."

Read an excerpt from an article on filmmaking. Filmmaking can be broken down into three phases. The preproduction phase includes things such as securing financing for the film, writing the script, scouting locations, and hiring cast and crew. In the production phase the actual recording of the video and audio takes place. This phase also includes things such as setting up cameras, electricity, lights, and sound. Makeup, costume, and set designers are on hand during this phase as well. Finally, during the postproduction phase, the film is edited, sound and visual effects are inserted, and a music score is added. Which research paper would this article best support? "Discovering Filmmaking in the Twenty-First Century" "A Discussion of Filmmaking in the Modern Film Industry" "The Realities of Filmmaking in the Twenty-First Century" "Tracking the Intricacies of the Modern Filmmaking Process"

"Tracking the Intricacies of the Modern Filmmaking Process"

Read the excerpt from Justice Sotomayor's speech "A Latina Judge's Voice." For me, a very special part of my being Latina is the mucho platos de arroz, gandules y pernir—rice, beans and pork—that I have eaten at countless family holidays and special events. My Latina identity also includes, because of my particularly adventurous taste buds, morcilla, pig intestines; patitas de cerdo con garbanzo, pigs' feet with beans; and Ia lengua y orejas de cuchifrito, pigs' tongue and ears. I bet the Mexican-Americans in this room are thinking that Puerto Ricans have unusual food tastes. Some of us, like me, do. How does the speaker's use of Spanish names for food most affect the tone and meaning of this excerpt?

A) It shows her strong connection to her heritage.

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. First, as Professor Martha Minnow has noted, there can never be a universal definition of wise. Second, I would hope that a wise Latina woman with the richness of her experiences would more often than not reach a better conclusion than a white male who hasn't lived that life. What is the purpose of Sotomayor's use of the word wise?

A) to emphasize the value of a Latina woman's experience

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Then I saw their fate come upon them and that was terrible past speech. It came upon them as they walked the streets of their city. I have been in the fights with the Forest People—I have seen men die. But this was not like that. When gods war with gods, they use weapons we do not know. It was fire falling out of the sky and a mist that poisoned. It was the time of the Great Burning and the Destruction. They ran about like ants in the streets of their city—poor gods, poor gods! Then the towers began to fall. A few escaped—yes, a few. The legends tell it. But, even after the city had become a Dead Place, for many years the poison was still in the ground. I saw it happen, I saw the last of them die. It was darkness over the broken city and I wept. Which theme is best established by the conflict in this passage?

Advances in technology can lead to devastation.

Which phrases from the poem "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove appeal to the sense of sight? Select two options. - A. "her Beloved Dead" B. "This is for the woman" C. "erect / among parrots" D. "wildflowers entwining the plaster corset" E. "she lay down in pain"

C. "erect / among parrots" -and- D. "wildflowers entwining the plaster corset"

Read the definitions. rung \ ˈrəŋ \ [Middle English; Old English hrung or crossbar] noun 1. one of the crosspieces of a ladder 2. the cross supports on the underside of a chair 3. a level of hierarchy wrung \ˈrəŋ\ [Middle English; Old English wringan; German ringan, "to struggle"] transitive verb 1. past tense of the verb wring, meaning to squeeze or twist dry 2. past tense of the verb wring, meaning to extract or obtain by twisting and compressing 3. past tense of the verb wring, meaning to affect painfully Which sentences use wrung correctly? Choose two options

He wrung as much water out of the towel as he could before hanging it up. When she heard the news, she wrung her hands in frustration.

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. When at last a grayish light appeared on the horizon, it revealed a tangle of human shapes, heads sunk deeply between the shoulders, crouching, piled one on top of the other, like a cemetery covered with snow. In the early dawn light, I tried to distinguish between the living and those who were no more. But there was barely a difference. My gaze remained fixed on someone who, eyes wide open, stared into space. His colorless face was covered with a layer of frost and snow. Which statement best describes the atmosphere the author creates?

It is a nightmarish atmosphere.

Read the claim. Human bodies have developed over time to support a vegetarian diet. Read the counterclaim. Humans have eaten meat along with plants for more than two million years, contributing to our successful evolution. Read the rebuttal. Evolution is the process of development over history, meaning that change in diet is constant. Which statement best analyzes the rebuttal?

It is ineffective because it does not logically point out a flaw in the counterclaim.

Why does Helmer tell Mrs. Linde she should embroider rather than knit?

It looks prettier

Read the passage from Animal Farm. Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. He did his work in the same slow obstinate way as he had done it in Jones's time, never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. About the Rebellion and its results he would express no opinion. When asked whether he was not happier now that Jones was gone, he would say only "Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey," and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer. How does the central idea of this passage—that older generations are less excited about rebellion than younger ones—serve as social commentary?

It points out the overenthusiasm and zealousness of the younger generation.

Read this excerpt from an argument supporting the claim that the government should limit the amount of sugar in sugary drinks. (1) Consuming too much sugar can lead to dangerous medical conditions. (2) For example, people may develop obesity, tooth decay, or adult-onset diabetes. Which statement most accurately describes the relationship between the ideas in the two sentences?

Sentence 2 provides supporting evidence for the reason stated in sentence 1.

Read the excerpt from a credible source for Mirai's research-based essay on the effects of the declining bee population. Honeybees play a major role in the pollination of produce sold in the United States. Without the prolific support of honeybees, the nation's agricultural economy will suffer losses as great as those in the bee population. What would be the most effective way for Mirai to include this research in her essay?

She should quote the second sentence directly, because it establishes important supporting evidence in a unique way.

What is the main reason a speaker might use exclusive language?

to highlight differences between opposing sides

Read the passage from a debate speech. The current trade situation in this nation is unacceptable. We continue to lose money to other nations, while those nations prosper. I have a detailed plan to get our country—and its people—back on the right track. My opponent, who uses her time to spread lies and rumors while eating nice dinners bought by you taxpayers, does not even have a plan. I question her priorities. Which statement best explains why the evidence provided in the text is a fallacy?

The speaker uses an ad hominem argument by attacking an opponent's honesty.

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. We received no food. We lived on snow; it took the place of bread. The days resembled the nights, and the nights left in our souls the dregs of their darkness. The train rolled slowly, often halted for a few hours, and continued. It never stopped snowing. We remained lying on the floor for days and nights, one on top of the other, never uttering a word. We were nothing but frozen bodies. Our eyes closed, we merely waited for the next stop, to unload our dead. How do the underlined words and phrases affect the tone of the excerpt? Select two options.

They demonstrate the despair of the situation. They reflect an attitude of being resigned to one's fate.

What evidence from the text best supports the theme that it is important to have independence?

"I must stand quite alone, if I am to understand myself and everything about me."

Which sentence uses a narrative technique to develop a character?

"Maybe," Hannah smirked, "you could just tell her I'm a trapeze artist in my spare time."

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." How shall I tell what I saw? There was no smell of man left, on stone or metal. Nor were there many trees in that wilderness of stone. There are many pigeons, nesting and dropping in the towers—the gods must have loved them, or, perhaps, they used them for sacrifices. There are wild cats that roam the god-roads, green-eyed, unafraid of man. At night they wail like demons but they are not demons. The wild dogs are more dangerous, for they hunt in a pack, but them I did not meet till later. Everywhere there are the carved stones, carved with magical numbers or words. Which textual evidence indicates that John's journey into the Place of the Gods will continue?

"but them I did not meet till later"

What evidence from the passage best supports the inference that Europe was dangerous for merchants to travel to before the 1100s?

"guaranteed the safety of any merchant"

Read the excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This? by Randa Abdel-Fattah. Because it's pretty hard to walk around with people staring at your "towel-head" and not feel kind of pleased with yourself if you manage to get through the stares and comments with your head held high. That's when this warm feeling buzzes through you and you smile to yourself, knowing God's watching you, knowing that He knows you're trying to be strong and please Him. Like you're both in on a private joke and something special and warm and extraordinary is happening and nobody else in the world knows about it because it's your own experience, your own personal friendship with your Creator. I guess when I'm not wearing the hijab I feel like I'm missing out. I feel cheated out of that special bond. Which phrases from the excerpt best support the narrator's confident tone? Select three options.

"head held high" "smile to yourself" "special bond"

Read the passage from act 2, scene 1, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] And to speak truth of Caesar, I have not known when his affections swayed More than his reason. But 'tis a common proof That lowliness is young ambition's ladder, Whereto the climber-upward turns his face; But when he once attains the upmost round, He then unto the ladder turns his back, Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees By which he did ascend. So Caesar may. Then lest he may, prevent. And since the quarrel Will bear no colour for the thing he is, Fashion it thus: that what he is, augmented, Would run to these and these extremities; And therefore think him as a serpent's egg Which, hatched, would as his kind grow mischievous, And kill him in the shell. Which piece of evidence best supports the theme that power can corrupt people?

"scorning the base degrees / By which he did ascend"

Which questions best help determine whether a news source is reputable and objective? Select three options.

In what order does the news source choose to present the headlines? Does the news source use language that might lead to an emotional response? What type of language do the reporters use in the published news stories?

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. OCTAVIUS. Come, come, the cause. If arguing make us sweat, The proof of it will turn to redder drops. Look, I draw a sword against conspirators. When think you that the sword goes up again? Never, till Caesar's three and thirty wounds Be well avenged, or till another Caesar Have added slaughter to the sword of traitors. How does Shakespeare's use of the word slaughter rather than murder affect the meaning of the passage?

It emphasizes the savagery of the assassins' actions toward Caesar.

Read this excerpt from the poem "Monet's 'Waterlilies'" by Robert Hayden. Here space and time exist in light the eye like the eye of faith believes. The seen, the known dissolve in iridescence, become illusive flesh of light that was not, was, forever is. O light beheld as through refracting tears. Here is the aura of that world each of us has lost. Here is the shadow of its joy. What is the best evidence that this poem is written in free verse?

It has no set meter.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. MESSENGER. Prepare you, generals. The enemy comes on in gallant show. Their bloody sign of battle is hung out, And something to be done immediately. ANTONY. Octavius, lead your battle softly on, Upon the left hand of the even field. OCTAVIUS. Upon the right hand, I; keep thou the left. How does the use of the word gallant add to the meaning of the sentence?

It suggests that the enemy is courageous.

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: You seemed to me to imply that with me you might have been quite another man. Krogstad: I am certain of it. Mrs. Linde: Is it too late now? Krogstad: Christine, are you saying this deliberately? Yes, I am sure you are. I see it in your face. Have you really the courage, then—? Mrs. Linde: I want to be a mother to someone, and your children need a mother. We two need each other. Nils, I have faith in your real character—I can dare anything together with you. Krogstad [grasps her hands]. Thanks, thanks, Christine! Now I shall find a way to clear myself in the eyes of the world. Ah, but I forgot— How does the conflict in this passage develop a theme?

Mrs. Linde resolves the conflict by committing to a new life with Krogstad, which develops the theme that new beginnings are always possible.

A student is completing a research-based informative essay on the history of presidential campaigns. Which steps take place in the prewriting stage? Select three options.

The student analyzes the writing prompt to establish a purpose for writing. The student creates an outline with topics, reasons, and supporting evidence. The student synthesizes information from articles about Abraham Lincoln's campaign.

How would the tone change if the word hideous replaced the word raggedy? Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. BENEATHA (laughingly noticing what her mother is doing): Mama, what are you doing? MAMA: Fixing my plant so it won't get hurt none on the way . . . BENEATHA: Mama, you going to take that to the new house? MAMA: Un-huh— BENEATHA: That raggedy-looking old thing? MAMA (stopping and looking at her): It expresses ME! RUTH (with delight, to BENEATHA): So there, Miss Thing! - A) Beneatha would be showing anger instead of expressing her sadness about the plant. B) Beneatha would be telling a hilarious joke instead of making a mildly humorous comment. C) Beneatha would be telling the truth to her mother instead of sparing her feelings. D) Beneatha would be harshly criticizing her mother instead of gently teasing her.

D) Beneatha would be harshly criticizing her mother instead of gently teasing her.

How does Ibsen use dramatic irony to create the suspense in this passage? Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: [putting her arms round her neck] Dear old Anne, you were a good mother to me when I was little. Nurse: Little Nora, poor dear, had no other mother but me. Nora: And if my little ones had no other mother, I am sure you would—What nonsense I am talking! [Opens the box.] Go in to them. Now I must—. You will see tomorrow how charming I shall look. - A) Nora does not know that the nurse was her only mother, but the audience does. B) Nora does not know if she will leave her children, but the audience knows that she will. C) The nurse does not understand how important she is to Nora, but Nora does. D) The nurse does not know that Nora will leave her children, but the audience does.

D) The nurse does not know that Nora will leave her children, but the audience does.

What is the theme of a text? - A) the writer's selection of particular words and phrases to convey tone and meaning B) the attitude of a work of literature or other text toward a certain subject or topic C) the subject or area of concern on which a work of literature or other text focuses D) the message a text conveys about a topic that could apply to other literature or to life

D) the message a text conveys about a topic that could apply to other literature or to life

Read the excerpt from chapter 8 of The Travels of Marco Polo. You may take it for a fact that the people of this country live on dates and salt fish, of which they enjoy abundant supplies. But admittedly there are some among them, men of wealth and consequence, who eat foods of better quality. Which statement best reflects the author's opinion about dates and salt fish?

Dates and salt fish are not high-quality foods.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. BRUTUS. Ay, Casca. Tell us what hath chanced today, That Caesar looks so sad.225 CASCA. Why, you were with him, were you not? BRUTUS. I should not then ask Casca what had chanced. CASCA. Why, there was a crown offered him: and being offered him, he put it by with the back of his hand, thus; and then the people fell a-shouting.230 What does the symbol of a crown represent in this excerpt?

a position of power

If there are errors in the mechanics of an essay, the writer should revise the essay's grammar. organization. style. tone.

grammar

Read the excerpt from "Ain't I a Woman?" a speech given by Sojourner Truth, a formerly enslaved person, in 1851. Then that little man in black there, he says women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Christ wasn't a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him. If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them.

frustration.

Why does Krogstad think Mrs. Linde got rid of him? What reasons does she give for breaking off their relationship?

he thinks she got rid of him because she is heartless and wanted money but she says that she needed the money to help her family(brothers and mother)

What information can be found in both a dictionary and a thesaurus? Select two options.

parts of speech definitions

What is the best definition of the term values?

principles or standards of behavior

Which element best illustrates the central idea of these panels?

the teacher's annoyed expression and crossed arms

Which statements use rhetorical devices? Select two options.

B).Without a solution, we are in trouble. Without a solution, the trouble will be great. C).We do not need a solution right away, since two days is plenty of time to solve this global issue.

How do the authors develop the claim in the two passages?

Both passages support the claim that human rights became more important than property rights in the early 1800s.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2 Which statement best summarizes the conflict in this passage?

Brutus has been acting strangely because he has a lot on his mind that is troubling him.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. CASSIUS. 'Tis just; And it is very much lamented, Brutus,60 That you have no such mirrors as will turn Your hidden worthiness into your eye, That you might see your shadow. I have heard Where many of the best respect in Rome— Except immortal Caesar—speaking of Brutus,65 And groaning underneath this age's yoke, Have wished that noble Brutus had his eyes. Which summary of the passage is the most accurate?

Cassius says that it is too bad Brutus cannot see his hidden greatness and that he has heard many nobles speak of Brutus when complaining about the current government's problems.

What is the best paraphrase of line 12?

Like everyone, she walks on the ground.

What is the central idea of the first quatrain?

My mistress is not a perfect beauty.

Which sentence best uses parallel structure?

My sisters are all artistic—Patricia writes, Mary sculpts, and Elizabeth composes.

What is the authors' claim in this passage?

The Indians' demonstration and act of resistance was a successful strategy to change laws.

Read Shakespeare's "Sonnet 19." Devouring Time, blunt thou the lion's paws, And make the earth devour her own sweet brood; Pluck the keen teeth from the fierce tiger's jaws, And burn the long-liv'd phoenix, in her blood; Make glad and sorry seasons as thou fleets,5 And do whate'er thou wilt, swift-footed Time, To the wide world and all her fading sweets; But I forbid thee one most heinous crime: O! carve not with thy hours my love's fair brow, Nor draw no lines there with thine antique pen;10 Him in thy course untainted do allow For beauty's pattern to succeeding men. Yet, do thy worst old Time: despite thy wrong, My love shall in my verse ever live young. Which is the best paraphrase of the line 9?

Do not make my love look older.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 1. (( FLAVIUS. But wherefore art not in thy shop today? Why dost thou lead these men about the streets? )) Which quotations from this excerpt are examples of imagery? Select two options

1. "Have you not made a universal shout, / That Tiber trembled underneath her banks" 2. "And do you now strew flowers in his way, / That comes in triumph over Pompey's blood?"

What is an author's claim?

an opinion or viewpoint in a persuasive text

Study the cartoon More Beaches Reported with Unhealthy Contaminants by Don Landgren Jr. 8703-05-05-07-image1.png How does the cartoonist use an analogy to express his viewpoint in this cartoon?

The cartoonist compares the shark's illness to food poisoning to show that pollution affects wildlife.

Which statement is the best summary of the theme in this passage?

Unintentional betrayal can lead to severe consequences.

What type of appeal depends on the perceived credibility or authority of the source?

ethical appeal

irrelevant evidence

evidence that is not directly related to the claim; it can weaken the claim

What elements does a strong literary analysis always contain? Select two options.

1. a thesis statement 2. supporting evidence

Which steps are part of the process of citing supporting details? Select four options.

1. finding repeated words and phrases 2. determining the central idea 3. looking for facts and examples 4. considering all the evidence

What types of irony are used in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar? Select three options.

1. situational irony 2. dramatic irony 3. verbal irony

Which statement best describes an effective counterclaim to the claim in this passage?

Because Dred Scott and his family were born in the United States, they are citizens with all the rights granted by the Constitution.

What are types of external conflict in literature? Select three options.

Character vs. society character vs. nature character vs. character

Read the sentence. The children, who were lucky, got presents. Which statements accurately describe the sentence? Select two options.

The sentence contains a nonrestrictive clause. All of the children got presents.

What does Dr. Rank leave for the Helmers in their mailbox?

a business card with a black cross on it

When I go rock climbing, I prefer climbing in landscapes that present a challenge. What type of sentence is this?

a complex sentence

What is foreshadowing?

a literary technique that gives hints about the future and builds suspense in a drama

Read the excerpt from Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. Which best describes the type of appeal used in this part of the speech?

a logical appeal

Which multimedia element would most appeal to an audience's emotions in a presentation about global warming?

a photo of a dried-up lake and a photo of a family swimming in the lake before it dried up

Read the reason from a body paragraph of an interpretive literary analysis. In William Shakespeare's Hamlet, the main character's indecisiveness and inability to remove an evil king from power causes the deaths of several other characters, leading to his own death. What evidence should be added to the sample paragraph to support the reason?

a quotation from Hamlet that gives an example of a death caused by indecision

Which element would be most appropriate for a multimedia presentation on the causes of animal extinction?

a short video clip about a few animals that were recently declared extinct

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. [CASSIUS.] Coming from Sardis, on our former ensign Two mighty eagles fell, and there they perched, Gorging and feeding from our soldiers' hands; Who to Philippi here consorted us. This morning are they fled away and gone, And in their steads do ravens, crows, and kites Fly o'er our heads and downward look on us, As we were sickly prey. Their shadows seem A canopy most fatal, under which Our army lies ready to give up the ghost. What motif appears in this passage?

an omen that predicts misfortune for Cassius's army

Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." To permanently stem this flow of children, we must address the complex root causes of violence in Honduras, as well as the demand for illegal drugs in the United States that is fueling that violence. The purpose of the underlined phrase in the excerpt is to show that the consequences of violence in Honduras and drug demand in the US

are continuous.

Read the passage. The man at the gas station gave me directions and then kept on chatting, telling me about the weather to come and places to stay nearby. His laconic wife simply nodded her head, occasionally correcting him on his lefts and rights and finally telling me I'd best be on my way if I wanted to reach town by sunset. Based on context clues in the passage, what is the most likely meaning of laconic? Select two options.

brief concise

Kealey will participate in a classroom discussion in which students share their results from a week-long chemistry experiment. Which actions can Kealey take to prepare for the discussion? Select three options.

bringing notes about her findings supporting her findings with evidence reading and reviewing classroom materials

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. CASCA. Why, there was a crown offered him: and being offered him, he put it by with the back of his hand, thus; and then the people fell a-shouting.230 BRUTUS. What was the second noise for? CASCA. Why, for that too. CASSIUS. They shouted thrice. What was the last cry for? CASCA. Why, for that too. BRUTUS. Was the crown offered him thrice?235 CASCA. Ay, marry, was't; and he put it by thrice, every time gentler than other; and at every putting by, mine honest neighbours shouted. What kind of conflict does this passage best illustrate?

character vs. society

A line of reasoning that presents the opposite side of the author's argument is called a

counterclaim

frustration.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 2. (( CALPURNIA. When beggars die there are no comets seen; The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes. )) What does the symbol of comets represent in this excerpt?

glory

Study the chart of prefixes. Which prefixes would most likely be used in a word where the definition involved something exaggerated? Select three options.

hyper- mega- ultra-

How many times have Helmer and Nora talked seriously in their eight year marriage?

once(the moment right now in the Act) but never up to this point

Which motivators are examples of extrinsic motivation? Select three options.

receiving good grades paying discount prices getting a reward

Read the paragraph. (1) Baseball is unique because it is the only sport in America that does not have a time clock—although tennis and softball are not timed, either. (2) Instead, games last for nine innings, unless there is a tie after the ninth, in which case they go extra innings. (3) Nine-inning games last an average of three hours. (4) Extra innings tack on time to an already long game, but the end is always the most exciting part. (5) Most people in the US watch baseball and are fans of their hometown team. Which sentence should be revised to eliminate conflicting information?

sentence 1

Which sentence states DeLuca's claim?

sentence 6

What is the definition of tone?

the attitude of a text toward the subject and theme

Which goal does this passage address?

the goal of explaining why the majority of Indians stayed in the colonies

What can a writer describe about two characters to help develop their personalities?

their communication

Read the stanza from "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove. This is for the woman with one black wing perched over her eyes: lovely Frida, erect among parrots, in the stern petticoats of the peasant, who painted herself a present— wildflowers entwining the plaster corset her spine resides in, that flaming pillar— this priestess in the romance of mirrors. Read the underlined phrase. What is the most likely reason the poet includes this metaphor?

to describe a prominent feature of Frida's face

What is the purpose of dialogue in a narrative essay?

to develop characters by displaying their interactions

Read the excerpt from chapter 8 of The Travels of Marco Polo. Here again good incense grows in profusion—I will tell you how. It is produced by trees of no great size, like little fir trees. They are gashed with knives in various places, and out of these gashes oozes the incense. Some of it even oozes from the tree itself without any gashing, in consequence of the great heat that prevails. What is most likely the author's purpose for including this detail about Dhofar?

to educate readers about how incense is made in Dhofar

Trace

to identify in order the claims, reasons, and evidence of an argument

Examine the page from a public service campaign website. Why might a public service campaign about recycling include a video game like this one? Select two options.

to reach a young audience to teach players about recycling

What is the best definition of satire?

writing that uses ridicule to draw attention to an issue or make a point

Which quotations from chapter 7 of Night convey an atmosphere of panic? Select two options.

"Father! Father! Wake up. They're going to throw you outside." "And I started to hit him harder and harder."

Examine the page from a public service campaign website. Which words from this campaign best indicate the target audience?

"I am a witness"

Which statements best reflect the difference between a memoir and a biography? Select two options.

A memoir uses first-person point of view, while a biography uses third-person point of view. A memoir expresses the author's thoughts and feelings about events, while a biography is the story of someone's life as told by another person.

Which claim do both passages support?

Abolitionists used powerful speeches and presentations to engage people and persuade them to join the abolitionists' cause.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. (( TITINIUS. O Cassius, Brutus gave the word too early, Who having some advantage on Octavius )) What moral dilemma does this excerpt express?

Cassius must decide whether or not to send his best friend into the camp.

Which statement best describes a text with a cause-and-effect structure?

It explains why something occurs.

Read the excerpt from Persepolis. Which details best help develop the central idea of the panels? Select three options.

Marjane says she is the last prophet. Several people kneel at Marjane's feet. Marjane has a star around her face.

What is the claim in this excerpt?

Social media affected the Arab Spring, but its impact was not what the news media originally thought it was.

Read the passage. Social media is here to stay. No amount of complaining by a generation who cannot even turn on a computer will change the fact that we live in a social media world. Increasing access to social media for people who are unfamiliar with it or afraid of using it should be the first step toward making the playing field a bit more even for everyone. The author is thinking of adding one of these sentences to the end of the passage. Which sentence contains a fallacy?

The global community has a strong access model, and we don't want to be left behind.

What is the central idea of this page?

The maid was a child, like Marjane.

What is a monologue?

a long address given by a character in a story, movie, or play

What is anecdotal evidence?

a personal story or historical example.

bringing notes about her findings supporting her findings with evidence reading and reviewing classroom materials

When analyzing an argument, which elements should you focus on most? Select three options.

claim reasons evidence

The evidence in this passage could best be described as

logical evidence showing that sugar farming was changing because of laws and low prices.

The term extrinsic motivation refers to reasons to act that

originate in the character's outside environment.

Rany is conducting research to support his claim that happy people are more productive in their jobs than unhappy people, and he finds this text in a reliable source. (1) There are many different factors that affect workplace productivity. (2) Research tells us that an employee's level of happiness can impact how he or she performs. (3) In fact, one study showed that people who identified as being happy are twelve percent more productive than their colleagues. (4) An employee's interest level in a given subject or task and ability level are other factors that play a role in how that person does his or her job. Which sentence contains a detail that best supports Rany's claim?

sentence 3

Study the editorial cartoon by Signe Wilkinson. Which details best support the purpose of this editorial cartoon? Select three options.

the "will work for air conditioning" sign the rat sweating on the sidewalk the comfortable man in the air-conditioned car

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [Enter the Ghost of CAESAR] How ill this taper burns! Ha! Who comes here? I think it is the weakness of mine eyes That shapes this monstrous apparition. It comes upon me. Art thou any thing? Art thou some god, some angel, or some devil, That makest my blood cold and my hair to stare? Speak to me what thou art. GHOST. Thy evil spirit, Brutus. BRUTUS. Why comest thou? GHOST. To tell thee thou shalt see me at Philippi. BRUTUS. Well; then I shall see thee again? GHOST. Ay, at Philippi. BRUTUS. Why, I will see thee at Philippi then. [Exit GHOST] What central idea does this passage develop?

the impact of fate

Why does Roosevelt use repetition in his request for a declaration of war?

to emphasize the threat posed by Japan

When a text encourages the reader to believe or do something, the author's purpose is

to persuade.

Read the sentence. The clouds gathering on the horizon were an inauspicious sign for the outdoor class, so rather than risk getting caught in a downpour, Dara decided to bring the class indoors. Based on context clues in the sentence, what is the most likely meaning of inauspicious?

unfavorable

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: When you introduced him to me yesterday, he declared he had often heard my name mentioned in this house; but afterwards I noticed that your husband hadn't the slightest idea who I was. So how could Doctor Rank—? Nora: That is quite right, Christine. Torvald is so absurdly fond of me that he wants me absolutely to himself, as he says. At first he used to seem almost jealous if I mentioned any of the dear folk at home, so naturally I gave up doing so. But I often talk about such things with Doctor Rank, because he likes hearing about them. Mrs. Linde: Listen to me, Nora. You are still very like a child in many things, and I am older than you in many ways and have a little more experience. Let me tell you this—you ought to make an end of it with Doctor Rank.

xxx Nora will tell Doctor Rank that she does not love him

Which elements of a play are considered technical elements? Select THREE options. - A) gestures B) special effects C) scenery D) costumes E) vocalizations

B) special effects - and - C) scenery - and - D) costumes

Which scenario is an example of extrinsic motivation? - A. The doorbell rang, but Manny didn't answer; he felt too exhausted for visitors. B. When the temperature suddenly dropped, Lacey ran into a heated shop to warm up. C. After she cheated on the exam, Crystal's guilt finally drove her to confess to her teacher. D. Kenji's love of animals led him to volunteer at the wildlife rescue organization every weekend.

B. When the temperature suddenly dropped, Lacey ran into a heated shop to warm up.

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. A neighborhood watch association is having a discussion about installing street lamps around the perimeter of a playground. The discussion moves on to cost, and the head of the association asks if anyone has had the chance to research pricing. Simone comments that installing street lamps around a playground that closes after dark is a waste of money. Tatiana presents some information about the city's rising crime rates. Brandon shares pricing information about some energy-efficient sodium lamps and suggests a neighborhood development grant they can apply for to cover the costs. Char asks Juana if she ever repaired her fence, and Juana responds by telling her how much the repair cost. Who is demonstrating active listening skills?

Brandon

What conflict does Krogstad introduce?

Krogstad tries to blackmail Nora into getting Helmer to keep him at the bank by exposing her forgery.

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince. And of all princes, it is impossible for the new prince to avoid the imputation of cruelty, owing to new states being full of dangers. Hence Virgil, through the mouth of Dido, excuses the inhumanity of her reign owing to its being new, saying: "Res dura, et regni novitas me talia cogunt Moliri, et late fines custode tueri."(*) Nevertheless he ought to be slow to believe and to act, nor should he himself show fear, but proceed in a temperate manner with prudence and humanity, so that too much confidence may not make him incautious and too much distrust render him intolerable. . . . against my will, my fate A throne unsettled, and an infant state, Bid me defend my realms with all my pow'rs, And guard with these severities my shores. Which statement best evaluates Machiavelli's argument?

Machiavelli effectively argues that new princes must be cruel and cautious in order to protect their new kingdoms.

Read the passage. The salaries of athletes who take part in professional sports are well earned and well deserved. These athletes benefit more than just fans like me. In a recent survey, 92 percent of children stated that they viewed at least one athlete as a role model; 75 percent go on to state that they learn about fair play and sportsmanship from professional athletes. While not all athletes exhibit sportsmanship, most kids focus on athletes with admirable traits, since 76 percent of children surveyed agree that it is never okay to taunt an opponent. Which statement best evaluates the evidence used in this argument?

The author presents empirical evidence, then uses logical evidence to highlight the connection between the data and the claim.

How does the characterization of the children create satire?

They are pleased to learn that the prince chooses pigs over flowers.

In this passage, how do the authors use historical details to support the claim that US political leaders' positions on slavery impacted the relations between the United States and Haiti? Select three options.

by quoting Thomas Jefferson's views on the dangers of enslaved Haitians rebelling by describing John Adams's actions to support Haiti in its fight against the French by illustrating Thomas Jefferson's view that the Haitian rebellion could lead to a rebellion of the enslaved in America

"An exit should always be effective, but that's what I can't get Nora to grasp." Is Nora's final exit effective?

yes because she is gone

Which words from the passage have negative connotations that support the author's point? Select three options.

"chemicals" "disease" "obesity"

-the expression "Best Beloved" -the clause "you can look them out on the map"

Describe the "miracle" was waiting for?

She was hoping for Torvald to take the blame for her crime

Which line from "Monet's 'Waterlilies'" by Robert Hayden best demonstrates the speaker's regret about the effects of violence and destruction in the world?

"Here is the shadow of its joy."

What reasons does Warren provide in this passage to support the claim? Select three options.

1. The policy of segregation increases a sense of inferiority because it is a law. 2. Racially segregated schools take away educational benefits from African Americans. 3. The policy of segregation makes African American children feel inferior.

Why did Mrs. Linde break up with Krogstad when they were young?

Economic necessity

Read the passage from the All Men Are Created Equal section of Sugar Changed the World. To say that "all men are equal" in 1716, when slavery was flourishing in every corner of the world and most eastern Europeans themselves were farmers who could be sold along with the land they worked, was like announcing that there was a new sun in the sky. In the Age of Sugar, when slavery was more brutal than ever before, the idea that all humans are equal began to spread—toppling kings, overturning governments, transforming the entire world. Sugar was the connection, the tie, between slavery and freedom. In order to create sugar, Europeans and colonists in the Americas destroyed Africans, turned them into objects. Just at that very same moment, Europeans—at home and across the Atlantic—decided that they could no longer stand being objects themselves. They each needed to vote, to speak out, to challenge the rules of crowned kings and royal princes. How could that be? Why did people keep speaking of equality while profiting from slaves? In fact, the global hunger for slave-grown sugar led directly to the end of slavery. Following the strand of sugar and slavery leads directly into the tumult of the Age of Revolutions. For in North America, then England, France, Haiti, and once again North America, the Age of Sugar brought about the great, final clash between freedom and slavery. Read the passage from the Serfs and Sweetness section of Sugar Changed the World. In the 1800s, the Russian czars controlled the largest empire in the world, and yet their land was caught in a kind of time warp. While the English were building factories, drinking tea, and organizing against the slave trade, the vast majority of Russians were serfs. Serfs were in a position very similar to slaves'—they could not choose where to live, they could not choose their work, and the person who owned their land and labor was free to punish and abuse them as he saw fit. In Russia, serfdom only finally ended in 1861, two years before Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. Not only were Russian farms run on unfree labor, but they used very simple, old-fashioned methods of farming. Like the English back in the time of Henry III, all Russians aside from the very wealthy still lived in the Age of Honey—sugar was a luxury taken out only when special guests came to visit. Indeed, as late as 1894, when the average English person was eating close to ninety pounds of sugar a year, the average Russian used just eight pounds. In one part of Russia, though, the nobles who owned the land were interested in trying out new tools, new equipment, and new ideas about how to improve the soil. This area was in the northern Ukraine just crossing into the Russian regions of Voronigh and Hurst. When word of the breakthrough in making sugar reached the landowners in that one more advanced part of Russia, they knew just what to do: plant beets. Cane sugar had brought millions of Africans into slavery, then helped foster the movement to abolish the slave trade. In Cuba large-scale sugar planting began in the 1800s, brought by new owners interested in using modern technology. Some of these planters led the way in freeing Cuban slaves. Now beet sugar set an example of modern farming that helped convince Russian nobles that it was time to free their millions of serfs. Which claim do both passages support?

Economic demand for sugar was the most important factor in ending servitude and serfdom worldwide.

Read the excerpt from "The Royal House of Thebes." There were seven champions to attack the seven gates of Thebes, and seven others within as bold to defend them. Eteocles defended the gate which Polyneices attacked, and Antigone and Ismene within the palace waited to hear which had killed the other. But before any decisive combat had taken place, a youth in Thebes not yet grown to manhood had died for his country and in his death had shown himself the noblest of all. This was Creon's younger son, Menoeceus. How does the archetype presented in the excerpt support the universal theme of loyalty to one's country?

Eteocles defends Thebes against his own brother, proving his loyalty.

Which sentence correctly uses parallel structure?

The boss wants to know who can take the late shift tonight, who can open tomorrow morning, and who can work on the holiday.

Read the excerpt from Persepolis. What is the central idea of this page?

The maid was a child, like Marjane.

Read the passage. (1) Social media is here to stay. (2) No amount of complaining by an older generation who cannot even turn on a computer will change the fact that we live in a social media world. (3) Increasing access to social media for people who are afraid to use it or unwilling to try it should be the first step toward making the playing field a bit more even for everyone. What fallacy does this argument use?

an ad hominem attack

Which type of evidence would most likely include a testimonial?

anecdotal

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. Reggie is acting as moderator for a group discussion about the marching band's fall fundraiser. The students in attendance hope to raise enough money to travel to California and march in the Rose Parade. What can Reggie can do to be a successful moderator? Select three options

ask contributors questions in order to get clarification identify facts that help support members' opinions provide an agenda that helps keep the discussion on track

Read the sentence. The shopkeeper smiled at David as if he were just telling a joke, but his disparaging comments made David feel insulted and embarrassed. Based on context clues in the sentence, what is the most likely meaning of disparaging? Select two options.

belittling uncomplimentary

Which elements of a play are considered literary elements? Select three options.

characters and dialogue setting and plot stage directions

Read the prompt for Alina's paper. Write an informative essay explaining the evolution of communication technology, from the invention of the telephone to the modern use of communication devices. The best way for Alina to gather evidence to develop her paper is to research the different models of current communications devices. communications devices available over the last century. inventors of the various types of communication technology. pros and cons of video-conferencing communication technology.

communications devices available over the last century.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. OCTAVIUS. Now, Antony, our hopes are answered. You said the enemy would not come down, But keep the hills and upper regions. It proves not so; their battles are at hand. They mean to warn us at Philippi here, Answering before we do demand of them. ANTONY. Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I know Wherefore they do it: they could be content To visit other places; and come down With fearful bravery, thinking by this face To fasten in our thoughts that they have courage; But 'tis not so. What tone does Antony use when speaking to Octavius?

confident

How does Torvald react to reading the letter? What does he say about Krogstad?

he gets really, really angry and says that Krogstad is unscrupulous(dishonest, bad person) and now he has to do what Krogstad says

Read the excerpt from " The Royal House of Thebes ." Antigone and Ismene heard with horror what Creon had decided. To Ismene, shocking as it was, overwhelming her with anguish for the pitiful dead body and the lonely, homeless soul, it seemed, nevertheless, that nothing could be done except to acquiesce [to accept without protest]. She and Antigone were utterly alone. All Thebes was exulting that the man who had brought war upon them should be thus terribly punished. "We are women," she told her sister. "We must obey. We have no strength to defy the State." "Choose your own part," Antigone said. "I go to bury the brother I love." "You are not strong enough," Ismene cried. "Why, then when my strength fails," Antigone answered, "I will give up." She left her sister; Ismene dared not follow her. What makes Antigone a rebel?

her decision to go bury her brother, with or without Ismene

Which aspects of a story best help the reader understand the author's purpose? Select three options.

imagery repetition tone

Which public-speaking behavior would be most distracting for an audience?

pacing back and forth

evidence

this is what the author uses to develop their claims and reasons; it can include examples, research/survey results, statistics, case studies, expert opinions, and direct quotations

Read the excerpt from Takoda's narrative. The start of school on the reservation was always hectic. I couldn't hear myself think above the talking and laughing, and it didn't seem like any of us were ready to trade our summers for book reports and math worksheets. What started as a chorus of whispers from desk to desk cranked up to almost a roar, with no teacher in sight. When the door opened, all conversation stopped. A tall, bearded man strode into the room and slapped a lesson planner onto his desk. The entire class sucked in their breath, and I could hardly believe my eyes. It was my uncle Mahkah. Which elements of a personal narrative would make the most sense for Takoda to include next? Select two option

some dialogue that helps to develop the character of Uncle Mahkah a flashback to a previous interaction between Takoda and Uncle Mahkah

When revising an informative essay draft, writers must ensure they have

supported their thesis with details.

When developing the paragraphs in an essay, why should the writer include information about sources for all quoted information?

to avoid plagiarism

Why would dashes be used in a sentence? Select three options.

to emphasize particular information to indicate the importance of certain ideas to set off nonessential elements containing commas

Read the corporate document. All employees of Cozy Clothes Ltd. are entitled to a 40 percent discount on regularly priced merchandise and a 20 percent discount on sale-priced merchandise. To apply this discount to an employee purchase, please follow this procedure: 1. Enter the purchaser's employee ID number into the cash register when prompted. 2. Apply the appropriate discount. 3. Apply sales tax. 4. Print an additional copy of the sales receipt. Initial both copies. 5. Add the additional copy to the register drawer to be included with the nightly closeout report. What is the purpose of the numbering in this document?

to indicate steps in a process

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The diamond and the house: two family treasures, two parts of the story of sugar. We realized that our two family stories—Marina's great-grandparents, brought to Guyana to replace slaves, and Marc's aunt's grandfather, helping to refine an alternative to that same sugar—were just the beginning of a much larger story about a remarkable substance. It is a story of the movement of millions of people, of fortunes made and lost, of brutality and delight—all because of tiny crystals stirred into our coffee, twirled on top of a cake. Sugar, we began to see, changed the world. What is the purpose of this passage?

to link the authors' families to sugar

Read the example sentence and study the chart of word parts. Javed constantly tries to aggrandize his family, always depicting them as heroes. What is the definition of aggrandize?

to make appear larger in status

What purposes does the prologue serve? Select three options.

to provide background information to discuss events leading up to what happens in the text to offer a perspective on events in the text

What is the purpose of this section of text?

to provide the history of sugar cane use

Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. Enrique puts Chiapas behind him. He still has far to go, but he has faced the beast eight times now, and he has lived through it. It is an achievement, and he is proud of it. The excerpt refers to Chiapas as "the beast." What is the purpose of using this metaphor in the excerpt?

to show how threatening travel through Chiapas is

Delineate

to trace and describe in detail the development of an argument

Read the passage from a story in The Arabian Nights Entertainments. The fisherman was very unhappy. "What an unlucky man I am to have freed you! I implore you to spare my life." "I have told you," said the genius, "that it is impossible. Choose quickly; you are wasting time." The fisherman began to devise a plot. "Since I must die," he said, "before I choose the manner of my death, I conjure you on your honour to tell me if you really were in that vase?" "Yes, I was," answered the genius. "I really cannot believe it," said the fisherman. "That vase could not contain one of your feet even, and how could your whole body go in? I cannot believe it unless I see you do the thing." Then the genius began to change himself into smoke, which, as before, spread over the sea and the shore, and which, then collecting itself together, began to go back into the vase slowly and evenly till there was nothing left outside. Then a voice came from the vase which said to the fisherman, "Well, unbelieving fisherman, here I am in the vase; do you believe me now?" The fisherman's motivation is to

try to find a way to stay alive.

Study the cartoon Bubble Sheets, by Greg Kearney. What evidence supports the cartoonist's perspective about testing?

The exams are huge and are labeled "more tests" and "still more tests," showing that testing is overdone.

Why does Nora decide to leave Torvald and their children?

To discover herself

thesis statement

a sentence that states the central idea, claim, or main point to be made in a piece of writing

What is the rhyme scheme of the second quatrain?

cdcd

Which goal does this passage best address?

the goal of explaining to readers how Indians were taken advantage of

Read the lines from Robert Hayden's poem "Monet's 'Waterlilies,'" then look at the detail from Claude Monet's painting Water Lilies. Today as the news from Selma and Saigon poisons the air like fallout, I come again to see the serene, great picture that I love. Why does the speaker like to view Monet's Water Lilies?

to escape unpleasant news

What elements does an effective interpretation of a quotation in a literary analysis always contain? Select three options.

1. an explanation of the meaning in the interpretation 2. an explanation of the author's viewpoint 3. an explanation of the connection to literature

What elements does a strong body paragraph in a literary analysis always contain? Select three options.

1. an introduction to a text 2. reasons that support a viewpoint 3. supporting evidence and commentary

Read the two headlines. Protestors Continue Rally Despite Police Requests to Stop Attempts to Shut Down Rally Met with Civil Disobedience Which statement best compares the two headlines?

Headlines 1 and 2 both use clear, objective language.

Examine the public service ads. This first ad is from 1917. This second ad is an excerpt of a poster from the US Department of Agriculture's website. The brightly colored text is hyperlinked to other websites. How do these two advertisements demonstrate that public service campaigns have changed over time?

The first ad relies on the print medium, while the second is interactive.

Read the procedural document. Under normal use, a vehicle's cabin air filter should be replaced every 8-12months. Replacing the cabin air filter is a minor task, taking only a few minutes, but skipping it altogether is bad for your health. It can even reduce the life of your vehicle's air-conditioning system. To change your vehicle's cabin air filter, follow these simple steps: 1. Open the glove box. Remove the screw and slide the hook out as shown. 2. Push in each side of the glove box to disconnect it. 3. Remove the filter case by holding both sides. 4. Remove the filter from the filter case. 5. Inspect the filter surface. If the filter is just moderately dusty, you can clean it by blowing compressed air from the reverse side. Do not wash or oil the filter. If the filter is dirty, it should be replaced. How do the images help the reader understand how to perform the final steps of the procedure? Select two options.

The image shows where to hold the filter case when removing it. The image shows that it is helpful to wear gloves when removing the filter.

Which news report is most likely to be a reliable source?

a news report that includes emotional language in a direct quotation

Which statements are examples of ethics? Select two options.

Journalists must double-check all sources used in an article. Journalists must research and report the news without bias.

Read Colin's argument... Nowadays, one often hears complaints... Is Colin's evidence relevant to his claim?

No, because it is about flying drones being a sport, not about privacy issues.

Read the passage. (1) State leaders must ensure the safety of all citizens by stopping the construction of landfills. (2) Piles of garbage in an area close to homes can cause harmful diseases. (3) My uncle lived very close to a landfill and recently became very ill. (4) I am certain that many of his neighbors have also suffered due to the harmful nature of the landfill. What is the most accurate analysis of the reason presented in the second sentence?

The reason is not logically sound, because the writer does not include strong factual evidence.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace. . . . . . . The study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. . . . Data from the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project at least somewhat supports this conclusion with its findings that the majority of Egyptians are not online. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the total population do not use the internet. When looking specifically at those with a college education, use of social media for obtaining political information is more prevalent than in other segments of the population. Though most of the country is disconnected from the internet, 84% of those who are online say they visit social networking sites for news about Egypt's political situation. These findings point to social media's important role in spreading information, but do not necessarily indicate that social media was a mobilizing force in the uprisings. How do the authors use statistics to support their claim?

to show that even though social media use was limited, it was often directly connected to politics

Read the passage. The cost of health care is rising in America. The amount that an average family must pay for insurance has increased by 3 percent in just two years. For families buying insurance on an exchange or privately, the increase is an astounding 25 percent. At this rate, health care, which includes visits to a typical family doctor, specialists for anything from a knee injury to cancer, and the emergency room, will be unaffordable for most Americans in 10 years or sooner. I know this because my family is an average American family—and we are worried. Which statement describes the claim?

Health insurance is becoming too expensive for most American families to afford.

Read the text and study the diagram. What a person eats every day is shaped by many factors, including age, situation, culture, tradition, access to food, and personal preferences. Regardless, every decision a person makes about food and beverages matters. Fortunately, planning a healthy diet doesn't have to be difficult. Here are some simple things to keep in mind when building a healthy diet: • Fill up half your plate with fruits and vegetables. • Move to low-fat and fat-free dairy. • Vary your routine for eating proteins. • Make half of your grains whole grains. Which statement best describes the purpose of the graphic feature in this document?

It shows the proportions of types of foods that make a balanced meal.

Read the sentence that starts the concluding paragraph of a literary analysis essay on a quotation by F. Scott Fitzgerald. F. Scott Fitzgerald's quotation provides an important perspective on literature and its purpose. He said about literature's role, "That is part of the beauty of all literature. You discover that your longings are universal longings, that you're not lonely and isolated from anyone. You belong." He believed that literature presents universal themes and ideas. What should be added to the paragraph to make it a strong conclusion? Select three options.

a summary of the essay's main points a rephrasing of the thesis a mention of other texts that support the thesis

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. ANTONY. Therefore I took your hands, but was indeed Swayed from the point by looking down on Caesar. Friends am I with you all, and love you all, Upon this hope: that you shall give me reasons Why and wherein Caesar was dangerous. What is the central idea of this excerpt?

Antony will be friends with the conspirators if they tell him why they killed his beloved Caesar.

Read the passage from a speech by President Barack Obama. Good afternoon. Mr. Secretary General; Your Excellencies, we are here because, right now, in crowded camps and cities around the world, there are families—from Darfur in Chad, Palestinians in Lebanon, Afghans in Pakistan, Colombians in Ecuador—who've endured years—in some cases, decades—as refugees, surviving on rations and aid, and who dream of someday, somehow, having a home of their own. We're here because, right now, there are young girls . . . like my daughters . . . who are just as precious and just as gifted—like the 16-year-old refugee from Myanmar that I met in Malaysia—who've suffered unspeakable abuse . . . girls who pray at night that someone might rescue them from their torment.

What evidence does President Obama use to support the claim that the child-refugee problem needs to be addressed and fixed? Select two options. C).Obama uses logical evidence, since it is reasonable to state that refugees want homes of their own E).Obama uses anecdotal evidence, since he shares a personal experience he has had with a refugee.

Read the passage. (1) Ask young people today if they know of anyone who has had smallpox, and they might ask, "What's smallpox?" (2) That is because this disease was eradicated from the planet decades ago, thanks to vaccinations. (3) Despite the obvious effectiveness of vaccination, opponents of this procedure argue that humans are better off fighting diseases on their own without adding anything potentially harmful to their bodies. (4) Still, the American Academy of Pediatrics says that vaccines can be 99 percent effective, and the Centers for Disease Control claims that, over a 10-year period, vaccines allowed 322 million children to avoid illnesses. (5) So the next time someone tells you that vaccines are poisoned apples that will lead to a fate like Snow White's, counter their argument with the facts. (6) The bottom line is that vaccines are safe to use and save lives. How can the writer use understatement in this passage?

by adding the phrase "so a few lives might be saved" to the end of sentence 4

What is the difference between a Supreme Court opinion and a Supreme Court dissent?

An opinion is a Supreme Court decision that the majority of the judges agree with, while a dissent disagrees with the decision.

What did Anne-Mari have to do (concerning children) when she was younger? Why? How did this make their conversation about children ironic?

Give away her child. She got pregnant, she had to take care of Nora and the father wasn't around so she had to give her child away so he/she could have a good life. This is ironic because Nora is thinking of running away so her children can have a good life.

Which scenario is an example of a theme for a story?

Good always triumphs over evil in the end.

What is Sotomayor's intended purpose in posing three powerful questions in a row?

Sotomayor wants the audience to pose serious questions of their own about diversity on the bench.

Which sentence uses dashes correctly?

Sydney draws visitors from all around the world to see its iconic architectural masterpiece—the Sydney Opera House.

What are the characteristics of a successful group discussion? Select two options.

The discussion allows all group members to share their points of view. The discussion encourages group members with conflicting views to speak up.

Read the corporate document. Upon becoming customers of TopGuide Financial Group, all clients agree to the following: Information provided by employees of TopGuide Financial Group is subject to change without notice. Any opinions therein are solely those of the author and may not reflect the views of TopGuide. TopGuide reserves the right to monitor, retain, and disclose all electronic communications, including email, that pass through its servers and communication systems. Which text feature, if added, would best aid the reader's understanding of this passage?

a heading that indicates the text's purpose

Consider this image. Which type of multimedia presentation would this image best enhance?

a persuasive presentation about joining chess club

What should a strong conclusion in a literary analysis always include? Select three options.

a restatement of the quotation a rephrased thesis statement a summary of the main points

Read the excerpt from Kennedy's inaugural address. To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required—not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. What is the main type of appeal that Kennedy uses in this excerpt?

an emotional appeal to emphasize the United States' commitment to justice

sufficient evidence

enough evidence to develop the claim

How is foreshadowing most useful to the audience?

it helps them make predicitions

Argument

the author's viewpoint about the topic of an essay or speech that sets forth claims, reasons, and evidence

Which topic is best suited for a formal discussion?

the contents of a new textbook

In the context of poetry, what is the best definition of tone?

the speaker's attitude toward the subject of the poem

Which excerpt from "The Storyteller" best supports the theme that the purpose of stories is to entertain?

"'At any rate,' said the bachelor, collecting his belongings preparatory to leaving the carriage, 'I kept them quiet for ten minutes, which was more than you were able to do.'"

Which sentence contains an error in pronoun-antecedent agreement?

If attendees have questions, she should stop at the information counter.

What is the key difference between a central idea and a motif?

A central idea is abstract, while a motif is concrete.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. [CASSIUS.] For once, upon a raw and gusty day, The troubled Tiber chafing with her shores, Said Caesar to me "Darest thou, Cassius, now Leap in with me into this angry flood,110 And swim to yonder point?" Upon the word, Accoutred as I was, I plungèd in And bade him follow. So indeed he did. The torrent roared, and we did buffet it With lusty sinews, throwing it aside,115 And stemming it with hearts of controversy. But ere we could arrive the point proposed, Caesar cried 'Help me, Cassius, or I sink!' Which details should be included in a paraphrase of the passage? Select three options.

Caesar asked Cassius to jump into the river with him. Cassius leapt into the river and Caesar followed. Caesar needed Cassius to save him from drowning.

Emotional Appeal: Writers rely on two means of persuasion: appealing to the reader's common sense and appealing to the reader's emotions. When writers use only emotional appeals, they do not provide facts or information to convince the reader to believe them. instead, they hope to make the reader so upset, excited, or scared that the reader will just agree with them. Example:think of those poor, exhausted kids getting up at dawn every morning and shuffling to school half asleep!

Rebut: to claim or prove that something is untrue or false Refute: to prove a statement, position, or claim is wrong or false Relevant: having to do with the matter being considered; pertinent. When writers use claims and evidence that is irrelevant, or not relevant, they weaken their argument. Tracing an argument: identifying and exploring how an argument is made in an essay, a speech, or other text

What is the main purpose of a speech bubble in a graphic novel

It illustrates internal thoughts.

Which statements are true of realistic fiction? Select three options.

"The conflicts are common problems with believable outcomes" "The setting is an environment that reflects the real word as it is" "The theme provides relatable messages about everyday life"

Which sentence includes a nonrestrictive clause?

Camels, which sway from side to side as they walk, are often called ships of the desert.

Read the two passages from Sugar Changed the World. The abolitionists were brilliant. They created the most effective public relations campaign in history, inventing techniques that we use to this day. When he spoke, Clarkson brandished whips and handcuffs used on slaves; he published testimonials from sailors and ship doctors who described the atrocities and punishments on slave ships. When Olaudah Equiano published his memoir, he educated his readers about the horrors of the slave trade. And then, when the English began to understand what slavery really was, Clarkson and others organized what we would call a boycott of "the blood-sweetened beverage." Slave labor was valuable because it produced cheap sugar that everyone wanted to buy. But if people stopped buying that sugar, the whole slave system would collapse. In the years leading up to the American Revolution, the women of New England refused to buy English products and English tea. The loss of income made London rescind some of the taxes it had imposed on America. Now this same tactic—boycotting—was used to fight slavery. Some 400,000 English people stopped buying the sugar that slaves grew and harvested. Instead, they bought loaves of sugar that carried a label that said, "Produced by the labor of FREEMEN"—the sugar came from India. Back in England, Clarkson and his friends saw their chance: France was no longer in the midst of a revolution, and Napoleon's sugar dreams had failed. England now had no excuse; the abolitionists would force their countrymen to face the question: Was England a nation built on Christian beliefs or on treating people as property? In 1806, the antislavery forces brought a new bill before Parliament that would limit British involvement in the slave trade. Some of the most powerful testimony in favor of the bill came from former army officers who had been to the Caribbean and had seen the courage of the former slaves and the horrors of slavery. The slaves spoke through the testimony of the very men who had gone to fight them. One member of Parliament told his colleagues of the tortures he had seen in the islands. Slavery was not an abstraction, an economic force, a counter in the game of world politics—it was the suffering of men and women. Members of Parliament were being confronted with the reality of slavery, just as audiences at Clarkson's lectures were when he showed shackles and whips. While Parliament debated the new bill, Clarkson and his allies went on lecturing, talking, changing minds all across England. They succeeded. Newspapers reported that even in Bristol, a port city with a harbor filled with slave ships, "the popular sentiment has been very strongly expressed against the continuance of that traffick in human flesh." William Wilberforce, another leader of the abolitionist cause, felt the new mood in his country. "God can turn the hearts of men," he marveled. Many members of Parliament recognized the same change in the "sense of the nation." In 1807 a bill to ban all English involvement in slave trading passed the House of Commons, then the House of Lords. At precisely noon on March 25, King George III signed the law. Which claim do both passages support?

Abolitionists used powerful speeches and presentations to engage people and persuade them to join the abolitionists' cause.

How does a writer support a counterclaim after stating it? Select three options. - A) by begging the claim B) by restating the original claim C) by providing reasons D) by describing the topic E) by supporting it with evidence

B) by restating the original claim - and - C) by providing reasons - and - E) by supporting it with evidence

Which statements about a moral dilemma apply to the character of Mark Antony? Select two options.

He has to decide whether to go to war with the conspirators. He has to decide whether or not to support the assassins.

Read a citation for an informative essay below. Jones, Adam. Government and Justice in Ancient Rome. Los Angeles: Liberty Press, 2011. Print. What information is missing from the citation?

The source is not numbered.

Read this excerpt from a works cited page for an informative essay. Works Cited Ferry, Christopher. Racial Change in Civil War America. New York: Sunspot Press, 2011. Print. "Underground Railroad." World Book Online. 2012. Web. 20 December 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar574420&st=underground+railroad>. Which best describes the two citations?

The two citations provide information on how to locate the sources.

Who does Krogstad blame for making him go back to "his old ways?"

Torvald.

Which headlines can be considered objective? Select two options.

University Athletic Director Resigns amid Controversy Softball League Umpire Admits Error on Final Play

denotation

the dictionary definition of a word

persuasive language

words and phrases used to affect how a reader thinks or feels

Which sentences use description to develop the narrator's personality? Select three options.

"I remember that song, and it always makes me feel a little sad to hear it," I admitted to Rosie. I knelt down next to the woman's dog and said, "He's a beautiful dog. What's his name?" "You just say that because you're jealous," I said to Marty as I put my license back in my wallet.

Which scenarios are examples of internal conflict? Select two options.

1. a character feeling guilty 2. a character weighing options

Read the excerpt from "The Story of a Warrior Queen." At last the Roman leader was so downcast with his many defeats that he went himself to the British camp, bearing in his hand a green branch as a sign of peace. When Boadicea was told that an ambassador from the Romans wished to speak to her, she replied proudly, "My sword alone shall speak to the Romans." And when the Roman leader asked for peace, she answered, "You shall have peace, peace, but no submission. A British heart will choose death rather than lose liberty. There can be peace only if you promise to leave the country." Which action best supports the idea that Boadicea is a warrior?

Boadicea tells the Roman leader that she will speak with her sword.

How are the narrators' perspectives similar? Select three options.

Both narrators are uncertain about wearing a religious head covering. Both narrators possess pride in their faith. Both narrators have a deep faith in God.

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 3, of Julius Caesar. [CASSIUS.] Cassius from bondage will deliver Cassius. Therein, ye gods, you make the weak most strong; Therein, ye gods, you tyrants do defeat. Nor stony tower, nor walls of beaten brass, Nor airless dungeon, nor strong links of iron, Can be retentive to the strength of spirit; But life, being weary of these worldly bars, Never lacks power to dismiss itself. If I know this, know all the world besides, That part of tyranny that I do bear I can shake off at pleasure. [Thunder still] CASCA. So can I. So every bondman in his own hand bears The power to cancel his captivity. How does Cassius's proclamation affect Casca?

Casca says that he will also fight Caesar's rise to power

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 1. [FLAVIUS.] See whether their basest metal be not moved.60 They vanish tongue-tied in their guiltiness. Go you down that way towards the Capitol; This way will I. Disrobe the images, If you do find them decked with ceremonies. MARULLUS. May we do so?65 You know it is the feast of Lupercal. FLAVIUS. It is no matter; let no images Be hung with Caesar's trophies. I'll about, And drive away the vulgar from the streets: So do you too, where you perceive them thick. Which paraphrase of the passage is the most accurate?

Flavius hopes that he has changed the high spirits of the people in the streets and sends them away before Caesar sees them. He instructs Marullus to go toward the capitol, while he himself goes the other way to take down any images of Caesar or decorations on his statues. Marullus wants to know if that is OK, because everyone is celebrating the feast of Lupercal. Flavius does not care, and he tells Marullus to do as he says and send the crowds home.

ead the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. SOOTHSAYER. Beware the ides of March. CAESAR. What man is that? BRUTUS. A soothsayer bids you beware the ides of March. CAESAR. Set him before me; let me see his face. CASSIUS. Fellow, come from the throng; look upon Caesar.25 CAESAR. What say'st thou to me now? Speak once again. SOOTHSAYER. Beware the ides of March. This passage is an example of

Foreshawoding

Read the paragraph that Deepak wrote to explain how he used a checklist to revise his paper. I checked my transitions to make sure they made sense. I also reread my sentences to determine whether they were too similar in style and length. I fixed a couple to add variety. I found one or two words that needed extended definitions and added them. I made sure that I summarized all research evidence throughout the paper. Besides the revisions listed in the paragraph, what else can Deepak do to strengthen his paper?

He should use more than one technique to integrate his evidence.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: What are you going to do? Helmer: [looking among his papers] Settle it. [Enter MAID.] Look here; take this letter and go downstairs with it at once. Find a messenger and tell him to deliver it, and be quick. The address is on it, and here is the money. Maid: Very well, sir. [Exit with the letter.] Helmer: [putting his papers together] Now then, little Miss Obstinate. Nora: [breathlessly]. Torvald—what was that letter? Helmer: Krogstad's dismissal. Nora: Call her back, Torvald! There is still time. Oh Torvald, call her back! Do it for my sake—for your own sake—for the children's sake! Do you hear me, Torvald? Call her back! You don't know what that letter can bring upon us. Helmer: It's too late. Nora: Yes, it's too late. Helmer: My dear Nora, I can forgive the anxiety you are in, although really it is an insult to me. It is, indeed. Isn't it an insult to think that I should be afraid of a starving quill-driver's vengeance? But I forgive you nevertheless, because it is such eloquent witness to your great love for me. [Takes her in his arms.] And that is as it should be, my own darling Nora. Come what will, you may be sure I shall have both courage and strength if they be needed. You will see I am man enough to take everything upon myself. Nora: [in a horror-stricken voice]. What do you mean by that? Helmer: Everything, I say— Nora: [recovering herself] You will never have to do that. Helmer: That's right. Well, we will share it, Nora, as man and wife should. That is how it shall be. [Caressing her.] Are you content now? There! There! Not these frightened dove's eyes! The whole thing is only the wildest fancy! Now, you must go and play through the Tarantella and practise with your tambourine. I shall go into the inner office and shut the door, and I shall hear nothing; you can make as much noise as you please. [Turns back at the door.] And when Rank comes, tell him where he will find me. [Nods to her, takes his papers and goes into his room, and shuts the door after him.] How does the interaction between Helmer and Nora advance the plot?

Helmer thinks that Nora is afraid his reputation will suffer, heightening the suspense about her real secret.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Sugar was the connection, the tie, between slavery and freedom. In order to create sugar, Europeans and colonists in the Americas destroyed Africans, turned them into objects. Just at that very same moment, Europeans—at home and across the Atlantic—decided that they could no longer stand being objects themselves. They each needed to vote, to speak out, to challenge the rules of crowned kings and royal princes. How could that be? Why did people keep speaking of equality while profiting from slaves? In fact, the global hunger for slave-grown sugar led directly to the end of slavery. Following the strand of sugar and slavery leads directly into the tumult of the Age of Revolutions. For in North America, then England, France, Haiti, and once again North America, the Age of Sugar brought about the great, final clash between freedom and slavery. Based on this excerpt, the authors are most likely to attempt to answer which question?

How did the Age of Sugar differ from the Age of Revolutions?

Which sentence most likely comes from a narrative essay?

I looked up at the audience and tried to swallow my fear, wiping my sweaty hands on my skirt.

Read the counterclaim from an argumentative essay. Bob Dylan's lyrics are just as effective without musical accompaniment. Which reason would best refute the counterclaim?

It is impossible to separate song lyrics from the music that accompanies them.

Read the claim. Children should avoid playing violent video games that could have a negative influence; instead, they should play nonviolent games, of which there are thousands available. Read the counterclaim. Because there is no proven link between violence in video games and real-life violence, children should, with adult supervision, be given the opportunity to play any video games they choose. Read the rebuttal. While the proof of a link is debatable, what is not debatable is the foolishness of allowing children to choose whatever video game they would like, since it empowers children unnecessarily. Which statement best analyzes the rebuttal?

It is ineffective because it does not provide a logical reason for opposing the counterclaim.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. (( OCTAVIUS. So I hope. I was not born to die on Brutus' sword. )) How does the word peevish help the reader understand Cassius's feeling toward Octavius?

It reveals a deeper level of contempt when he insults Octavius.

How would the tone change if the word sarcastically replaced the stage direction absurdly?

Mama would be mocking the hat and Travis's gift instead of saying that she is pleased with his gesture.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Not only were Russian farms run on unfree labor, but they used very simple, old-fashioned methods of farming. Like the English back in the time of Henry III, all Russians aside from the very wealthy still lived in the Age of Honey—sugar was a luxury taken out only when special guests came to visit. Indeed, as late as 1894, when the average English person was eating close to ninety pounds of sugar a year, the average Russian used just eight pounds. What inference does the passage best support?

Most Russians in the 1890s were not wealthy.

Which statement best describes a cause-and-effect relationship in a play?

One action is a cause, which leads to another action that is the effect of the first action.

Read the excerpts from "The Royal House of Thebes" and " The Story of a Warrior Queen." "You knew my edict?" Creon asked. "Yes," Antigone replied. "And you transgressed the law?" "Your law, but not the law of Justice who dwells with the gods," Antigone said. "The unwritten laws of heaven are not of today nor yesterday, but from all time." -"The Royal House of Thebes" But although the Romans were clever, they sometimes did stupid things. They thought very little of their own women, and they did not understand that many of the women of Britain were as brave and as wise as the men, and quite as difficult to conquer. -"The Story of a Warrior Queen" Which theme do the two passages have in common?

One must follow one's own moral code, no matter the price.

Beatriz is writing an argument to support her claim that Bob Dylan deserved to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Read this paragraph from her argumentative essay. (1) Dylan's poetry has commented insightfully on politics, society, and the human condition. (2) He spoke out against war when the United States was fighting in Vietnam. (3) He called on the older generation to recognize and join in social change during the civil rights movement. (4) He has put into words the feelings of isolation and longing that all individuals keep hidden. (5) He has told iconic stories that speak to all human experience. (6) Dylan skillfully uses literary devices such as metaphor, imagery, and allusion. Which statements best describe her paragraph? Select three options.

Sentence 1 offers a logical reason that supports Beatriz's claim. Sentences 2-5 could be supported by relevant examples of Dylan's lyrics. Sentence 6 introduces a new reason rather than evidence that supports the main idea of this paragraph.

How does the characterization of the aunt contribute to the satire?

She misinterprets the reactions of others.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Some of the enslaved took the next step. Running away from the sugar plantations, or attacking them in force, was another kind of statement. When the enslaved Africans could not stand their lives anymore, they risked everything to run or to fight. There was just one way for the owners to silence their workers: by making the price of flight or rebellion too high. Spreading terror was the job of the overseer. How does the author's use of the word silence affect the tone?

Silence has a negative connotation, indicating that the owners would not tolerate protests.

What claim do the authors make in this passage?

Sugar plantations were violent systems, but sugar also led some people to reject slavery.

Read the excerpt from John F. Kennedy's inaugural address. Now the trumpet summons us again—not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need—not as a call to battle, though embattled we are—but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, "rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation"—a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself. Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort? In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility—I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it—and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. Which statement best explains Kennedy's message in this excerpt?

The United States is prepared to protect freedom.

What evidence do the authors include to support the central idea of this passage?

The burning of certificates and the repeal of the Black Act show that the Indians reclaimed their power.

Read the passage from "Two Kinds." Three days after watching The Ed Sullivan Show, my mother told me what my schedule would be for piano lessons and piano practice. She had talked to Mr. Chong, who lived on the first floor of our apartment building. Mr. Chong was a retired piano teacher and my mother had traded housecleaning services for weekly lessons and a piano for me to practice on every day, two hours a day, from four until six. When my mother told me this, I felt as though I had been sent to hell. I whined and then kicked my foot a little when I couldn't stand it anymore. "Why don't you like me the way I am? I'm not a genius! I can't play the piano. And even if I could, I wouldn't go on TV if you paid me a million dollars!" I cried. My mother slapped me. "Who ask you be genius?" she shouted. "Only ask you be your best. For you sake. You think I want you to be genius? Hnnh! What for! Who ask you!" "So ungrateful," I heard her mutter in Chinese, "If she had as much talent as she has temper, she would be famous now." Which statement

The conflict is external and takes place between the narrator and her mother over whether the narrator will learn to play piano.

Study the cartoon by James Silk. 8703-05-05-08-image1.png How do the ice float and the text create meaning?

The image and the text work together to show the destructive consequences of human activity.

Hannah is writing an argument about free speech on the internet. Read her claim. The danger is that protection will turn into censorship, eroding our constitutional right to freedom of speech. What reasons can Hannah use to support her claim? Select two options.

The internet is one place people can speak their minds without fear. It is impossible to know whether the people we entrust with the job of judging online content will act in our best interests.

Which sentence in the passage contains an allusion? D). Sentence 5

What do you think of Mrs. Linde?

although she is being nosy, she is just trying to help

Read the passage from "Two Kinds." In spite of these warning signs, I wasn't worried. Our family had no piano and we couldn't afford to buy one, let alone reams of sheet music and piano lessons. So I could be generous in my comments when my mother bad-mouthed the little girl on TV. "Play note right, but doesn't sound good! No singing sound," complained my mother. "What are you picking on her for?" I said carelessly. "She's pretty good. Maybe she's not the best, but she's trying hard." I knew almost immediately I would be sorry I said that. "Just like you," she said. "Not the best. Because you not trying." She gave a little huff as she let go of the sound dial and sat down on the sofa. The little Chinese girl sat down also to play an encore of "Anitra's Dance" by Grieg. I remember the song, because later on I had to learn how to play it. What conflict occurs in the passage?

an external conflict between the narrator and her mother over whether the girl on television is playing well

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. FLAVIUS. It is no matter; let no images Be hung with Caesar's trophies. I'll about, And drive away the vulgar from the streets: So do you too where you perceive them thick.70 These growing feathers plucked from Caesar's wing Will make him fly an ordinary pitch, Who else would soar above the view of men And keep us all in servile fearfulness. [Exeunt] What does the symbol of growing feathers represent in this excerpt?

arrogance

Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." This would allow life-or-death decisions to be made within hours by Homeland Security officials, even though studies have shown that border patrol agents fail to adequately screen Mexican children to see if they are being sexually exploited by traffickers or fear persecution, as the agents are supposed to do. Why would they start asking Central American children key questions needed to prove refugee status? The United States expects other countries to take in hundreds of thousands of refugees on humanitarian grounds. Countries neighboring Syria have absorbed nearly 3 million people. Jordan has accepted in two days what the United States has received in an entire month during the height of this immigration flow—more than 9,000 children in May. The United States should also increase to pre-9/11 levels the number of refugees we accept to 90,000 from the current 70,000 per year and, unlike in recent years, actually admit that many. Which elements of the excerpt indicate that it is an editorial? Select two options.

evidence to support an opinion words with strong connotations

Khaled has found a reliable chart that reports statistics on the increase of drought conditions in the United States. He plans to use this graphic in his presentation on climate change. Which piece of information must be included with the graphic?

its publisher and date of publication

Read the passage. (1) Wearing school uniforms has a positive impact on students' attitudes toward their education. (2) Both recent studies and interviews with school administrators demonstrate that uniforms have a direct impact on school pride. (3) Some researchers have found that uniforms do not improve attendance or academic achievement. (4) Regardless, having a uniform could boost students' confidence and reduce their stress, two factors that will inevitably make their learning more productive. (5) Eliminating a focus on appearance will help students focus on what truly matters. Which sentence is a counterclaim?

sentence 3

What do the stage directions in a play tell the reader?

the setting, the characters' actions, and the characters' expressions

In a sentence, what is parallel structure?

the use of consistent patterns that keep the elements in a series in the same form

Read the passage. (1) Ask young people today if they know of anyone who has had smallpox, and they might ask, "What's smallpox?" (2) That is because this disease was eradicated from the planet decades ago, thanks to vaccinations. (3) Despite the obvious effectiveness of vaccination, opponents of this procedure argue that humans are better off fighting diseases on their own without adding anything potentially harmful to their bodies. (4) Still, the American Academy of Pediatrics says that vaccines can be 99 percent effective, and the Centers for Disease Control claims that, over a 10-year period, vaccines allowed 322 million children to avoid illnesses. (5) So the next time someone tells you that vaccines are poisoned apples that will lead to a fate like Snow White's, counter their argument with the facts. (6) The bottom line is that vaccines are safe to use and save lives. Which sentence in the passage contains an allusion?

sentence 5

Why won't Mrs. Linde allow Krogstad to call his letter back?

she thinks the truth should come out to help the relationship between Nora and Torvald

If biblio is a word root meaning "book," and phil means "love," what is the best definition of bibliophile in the sentence below? Elena was a bibliophile, so she amassed a library of thousands of books over the course of her life.

someone who adores books

Evidence

supports the reason and gives proof to the claim with factual information

Read Shakespeare's "Sonnet 19." Devouring Time, blunt thou the lion's paws, And make the earth devour her own sweet brood; Pluck the keen teeth from the fierce tiger's jaws, And burn the long-liv'd phoenix, in her blood; Make glad and sorry seasons as thou fleets, And do whate'er thou wilt, swift-footed Time, To the wide world and all her fading sweets; But I forbid thee one most heinous crime: O! carve not with thy hours my love's fair brow, Nor draw no lines there with thine antique pen; Him in thy course untainted do allow For beauty's pattern to succeeding men. Yet, do thy worst old Time: despite thy wrong, My love shall in my verse ever live young. Which features make this an example of a Shakespearean sonnet? Select three options.

the abab, cdcd, efef, gg rhyme scheme the widespread use of iambic pentameter the use of three quatrains followed by a couplet

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. (( [BRUTUS.] Messala, I have here receivèd letters, That young Octavius and Mark Antony Come down upon us. . . . )) What is the central idea of this excerpt?

the ruthlessness of power

Relevant

to be clearly connected

Read the excerpt from chapter 8 of The Travels of Marco Polo. Many marketable commodities are produced here. And many ships come here laden with cloth of gold and various silken fabrics, and much else besides that I will not attempt to specify, and exchange them for local products. They arrive and depart with full cargoes and the merchants make a handsome profit on the transaction. Why does the author include information about trade in this text?

to illustrate the wealth and commercial success of the region

Study the editorial cartoon by John Branch. 8703-05-05-14-image1.png What is the cartoonist's purpose in this cartoon?

to persuade readers that plastic bags negatively affect people and the environment

What are the most effective ways to format a visual aid? Select two options.

using a legible font in a color that is easy to read providing a clear, concise caption for a photo

Read the sentence. When he gave his speech to younger audiences, Jake knew that it would be prudent to avoid sharing stories that might be considered inappropriate for children. Based on context clues in the passage, what is the most likely meaning of prudent? Select three options.

using good judgment being cautious ensuring appropriateness

What evidence supports the conclusion that "The Storyteller" uses satire to impart the theme that adults should respect children's intelligence? Select two options.

"'Oh, look at those cows!' exclaimed the aunt. Nearly every field along the line had contained cows or bullocks, but she spoke as though she were drawing attention to a rarity.""'The story began badly,' said the smaller of the small girls, 'but it had a beautiful ending.' "'It is the most beautiful story that I ever heard,' said the bigger of the small girls, with immense decision. "'It is the only beautiful story I have ever heard,' said Cyril."

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Nevertheless, we make a beginning. It is not for the metal alone we go to the Dead Places now—there are the books and the writings. They are hard to learn. And the magic tools are broken—but we can look at them and wonder. At least, we make a beginning. And, when I am chief priest we shall go beyond the great river. We shall go to the Place of the Gods—the place newyork—not one man but a company. We shall look for the images of the gods and find the god ASHING and the others—the gods Lincoln and Biltmore and Moses. But they were men who built the city, not gods or demons. They were men. I remember the dead man's face. They were men who were here before us. We must build again. Which quotation from the passage best supports the theme that humans have a natural desire to learn about the world?

"And the magic tools are broken—but we can look at them and wonder."

Which quotation from "Little Red Riding Hood" explains the theme?

"As long as I live, I will never by myself leave the path, to run into the wood, when my mother has forbidden me to do so."

What evidence in the excerpt supports Schwartz's claim? Select three options.

"But after all that, 13 percent of adult Americans say they would absolutely refuse to even try recycled water, according to a recent study in the journal Judgment and Decision Making." "'A small minority of people are very offended by this, and can slow it down or stop it because of legal and political forces,' said Paul Rozin, a psychology professor at the University of Pennsylvania who studies revulsion and a co-author of the study." "Opponents of reusing water have long had the upper hand, said Paul Slovic, a professor of psychology at the University of Oregon, because of the 'branding problem.'"

Which sentences most likely belong in the resolution paragraph of a narrative? Select two options.

"I can replace the window," he said, putting his arm around my shoulders, "but I can't replace you." The audience stood up, cheering wildly, and I've never felt so relieved in my life.

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." When I saw my father again, I prayed and was purified. He touched my lips and my breast, he said, "You went away a boy. You come back a man and a priest." I said, "Father, they were men! I have been in the Place of the Gods and seen it! Now slay me, if it is the law—but still I know they were men." He looked at me out of both eyes. He said, "The law is not always the same shape—you have done what you have done. I could not have done it my time, but you come after me. Tell!" Which excerpt from this passage best supports the theme that traditions and laws must adapt to new times?

"I could not have done it my time, but you come after me"

What evidence supports the serious nature of the sonnet? Select two options.

"I love to hear her speak" "And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare"

Which context clues support the definition of Muse as an "inspiration for writing poetry"? Select three options.

"Spend'st thou thy fury on some worthless song" "the ear that doth thy lays esteem" "gives thy pen both skill and argument"

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. "Throw out all the dead! Outside, all the corpses!" The living were glad. They would have more room. Volunteers began the task. They touched those who had remained on the ground. "Here's one! Take him!" The volunteers undressed him and eagerly shared his garments. Then, two "gravediggers" grabbed him by the head and feet and threw him from the wagon, like a sack of flour. In this passage, the author's viewpoint is that the situation causes people to act in ways that are unfeeling and disrespectful toward those who have died. What evidence supports this viewpoint? Select two options.

"The living were glad. They would have more room." "Then, two 'gravediggers' grabbed him by the head and feet and threw him from the wagon, like a sack of flour."

Which statement best supports the author's purpose in "Children of the Drug Wars," which is to persuade readers that the United States should do more to help immigrant children from Honduras?

"These children are facing threats similar to the forceful conscription of child soldiers by warlords in Sudan or during the civil war in Bosnia. Being forced to sell drugs by narcos is no different from being forced into military service."

Which lines from the poem "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove provide an example of alliteration?

"among parrots, in the stern petticoats of the peasant, / who painted herself a present-"

Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." By sending these children away, "you are handing them a death sentence," says José Arnulfo Ochoa Ochoa, an expert in Honduras with World Vision International, a Christian humanitarian aid group. This abrogates international conventions we have signed and undermines our credibility as a humane country. It would be a disgrace if this wealthy nation turned its back on the 52,000 children who have arrived since October, many of them legitimate refugees. Which phrase from the excerpt contains words with strong connotations that help describe the seriousness of the situation?

"handing them a death sentence"

Which lines from "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove provide an example of a rhyme?

"to the celluloid butterflies of her Beloved dead, / Lenin and Marx and Stalin arrayed at the footstead."

How do the stage directions best support the theme that the truth can never be hidden? Select two options.

-When Nora wraps her shawl around herself, she is attempting to hide from Helmer and symbolically keep her secrets hidden. -When Helmer stands with the open letter, he is showing Nora that he knows of her actions and wants to confront her.

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. (( BRUTUS. Remember March, the ides of March, remember. Did not great Julius bleed for justice' sake? )) Which evidence from the text supports the conclusion that Brutus and Cassius are in conflict? Select two options.

1. "Brutus, bay not me. / I'll not endure it." 2. "Away, slight man!"

Which claims are supported by relevant evidence? Select two options.

1. Drinking coffee is good for you. Two recent studies have shown that coffee drinkers live longer. 2. Students should use e-books. Many suffer from back trouble from carrying so many books in their backpack.

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. (( BRUTUS. Bear with me, good boy, I am much forgetful. Canst thou hold up thy heavy eyes a while, )) What does this interaction reveal about Brutus's character? Select two options.

1. He has trouble relaxing. 2. He treats his servants humanely.

Why do authors use causal relationships in plays? Select three options.

1. to create mystery and tension 2. to propel the plot forward 3. to keep the story engaging

What is the structure of a Shakespearean sonnet?

A Shakespearean sonnet has three quatrains and ends with a couplet.

How did Dr. Rank announce his "death?"

A black cross on his calling cards

Which statement best describes the rebel archetype?

A rebel archetype is someone who lives by his or her own moral code.

Read the excerpt from a speech to the school board about the art department. Art is the foundation of what it means to be a human. So many things try to push their way into being more important. We need to refocus ourselves and reevaluate our priorities. We should not cut the funding to the school's art department, because the students will suffer. Everyone thinks that art class is just fun and games. We always think that we need to prioritize everything else first. But it is everything else that will suffer when we lack art and beauty in our lives. Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select two options.

A) "Art is the foundation of what it means to be a human." B) "We should not cut the funding to the school's art department, because the students will suffer."

Read Ahmad's argument in favor of changing the minimum driving age from 16 to 15. Every year, millions of teenagers look forward to the freedom of earning their driver's license. It has been proven over time that teenagers are fully responsible by the time they are 15, and making teens wait until they are 16 to obtain a driver's license is wrong. Many teenagers play sports, work jobs, and have an active social life when they are 15. It would be beneficial to the functioning of society if these people were able to independently drive themselves around. Parents agree, too. Most people believe that the streets would be safer if the minimum driving age were reduced to 15. What is the best evaluation of Ahmad's reasoning?

A) It is illogical because it relies on faulty reasoning.

Which sentence best uses parallel structure? - A) My sisters are all artistic—Patricia writes, Mary sculpts, and Elizabeth composes. B) My sisters are all artistic—Patricia writes poetry, Mary sculpts, and Elizabeth composes music. C) My sisters are all artistic—Patricia is a poet, Mary makes sculptures, and Elizabeth composes music. D) My sisters are all artistic—Patricia creates poems, Mary creates sculptures, and Elizabeth is a composer.

A) My sisters are all artistic—Patricia writes, Mary sculpts, and Elizabeth composes.

Which statement accurately summarizes the opinion of the court? Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system. Whatever may have been the extent of psychological knowledge at the time of Plessy v. Ferguson, this finding is amply supported by modern authority. Any language in Plessy v. Ferguson contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. - A) The doctrine of "separate but equal" takes away African American citizens' rights to an equal public education. B) The doctrine of "separate but equal" shows that equal facilities provide equal opportunities. C) A sense of inferiority affects children's motivation to learn in a segregated system. D) Plessy v. Ferguson is based on dated psychological knowledge that should be rejected.

A) The doctrine of "separate but equal" takes away African American citizens' rights to an equal public education.

Which statement best explains how the conventions of plot and setting contribute to the theme? Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde [looking at her watch]: Not yet—and the time is nearly up. If only he does not—. [Listens again.] Ah, there he is. [Goes into the hall and opens the outer door carefully. Light footsteps are heard on the stairs. She whispers.] Come in. There is no one here. Krogstad [in the doorway]: I found a note from you at home. What does this mean? Mrs. Linde: It is absolutely necessary that I should have a talk with you. Krogstad: Really? And is it absolutely necessary that it should be here? Mrs. Linde: It is impossible where I live; there is no private entrance to my rooms. Come in; we are quite alone. The maid is asleep, and the Helmers are at the dance upstairs. - A) The use of letters and secret meetings develops the theme that hiding the truth will eventually lead to hardship. B) The use of questions develops the theme that the truth can be discovered only by asking the right questions. C) The use of doorways develops the theme that being too open about the truth can cause conflict and heartache. D) The use of conversations beginning abruptly develops the theme that getting to the point will always reveal the truth.

A) The use of letters and secret meetings develops the theme that hiding the truth will eventually lead to hardship.

How does the author develop a social issue in this passage? Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Speak low. Suppose Torvald were to hear! He mustn't on any account—no one in the world must know, Christine, except you. Mrs. Linde: But what is it? Nora: Come here. [Pulls her down on the sofa beside her.] Now I will show you that I too have something to be proud and glad of. It was I who saved Torvald's life. Mrs. Linde: "Saved"? How? Nora: I told you about our trip to Italy. Torvald would never have recovered if he had not gone there— Mrs. Linde: Yes, but your father gave you the necessary funds. Nora: [smiling] Yes, that is what Torvald and all the others think, but— Mrs. Linde: But— Nora: Papa didn't give us a shilling. It was I who procured the money. - A) by introducing the conflict that Nora is proud of her accomplishment but has to keep it secret B) by introducing the conflict that Nora's father loaned them the money to save Torvald's life C) by showing that a long-term stay in Italy made Torvald healthier and thus saved his life D) by showing that Torvald would not have recovered on his own if he had not received help from others

A) by introducing the conflict that Nora is proud of her accomplishment but has to keep it secret

Which elements should a reader consider when summarizing a theme? Select FOUR options. - A) conflicts B) the number of characters C) word choice D) tone E) the amount of dialogue F) characters' responses

A) conflicts - and - C) word choice - and - D) tone - and - F) characters' responses

Which connotations are associated with the word representative as it is used in this passage? Select TWO options. Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. WALTER (amiably, as he sits himself easily on a chair, leaning forward on his knees with interest and looking expectantly into the newcomer's face): What can we do for you, Mr. Lindner! LINDNER (some minor shuffling of the hat and briefcase on his knees): Well—I am a representative of the Clybourne Park Improvement Association— WALTER (pointing): Why don't you sit your things on the floor? LINDNER: Oh—yes. Thank you. (He slides the briefcase and hat under the chair.) And as I was saying—I am from the Clybourne Park Improvement Association and we have had it brought to our attention at the last meeting that you people—or at least your mother—has bought a piece of residential property at—(He digs for the slip of paper again.)—four o six Clybourne Street . . . WALTER: That's right. Care for something to drink? Ruth, get Mr. Lindner a beer. LINDNER (upset for some reason): Oh—no, really. I mean thank you very much, but no thank you. - A) official B) exceptional C) authoritative D) legislative E) manipulative

A) official - and - C) authoritative

What widely accepted archetype of the late 1800s does this text challenge? Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Krogstad: But, tell me, wasn't it for that very purpose that you asked me to meet you here? Mrs. Linde: In my first moment of fright, it was. But twenty-four hours have elapsed since then, and in that time I have witnessed incredible things in this house. Helmer must know all about it. This unhappy secret must be disclosed; they must have a complete understanding between them, which is impossible with all this concealment and falsehood going on. Krogstad: Very well, if you will take the responsibility. But there is one thing I can do in any case, and I shall do it at once. - A) the man as a ruler B) the man as a trickster C) the woman as a mother D) the woman as a caregiver

A) the man as a ruler

Why would dashes be used in a sentence? Select three options. - A) to emphasize particular information B) to introduce a list of words or phrases C) to set off introductory words or phrases D) to indicate the importance of certain ideas E) to set off nonessential elements containing commas

A) to emphasize particular information - and - D) to indicate the importance of certain ideas - and - E) to set off nonessential elements containing commas

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Periodically, Trujillo would demand a tribute, and they would acquiesce. A tax, a dummy vote, a portrait on the wall. To my father and other men in the country, the most humiliating of these tributes was the occasional parade in which women were made to march and turn their heads and acknowledge the great man as they passed the review stand. If you did not march, your cédula would not be stamped, and without a stamped identification card, you could do nothing; in particular, you could not obtain your passport to leave the country under the pretext of wanting to study heart surgery. This was the second escape—this time with his whole family—that my father was planning. The day came when my mother had to march. Which statement best explains how the author develops the central idea throughout the passage?

Alvarez shows that refusing to obey Trujillo's requests could be dangerous.

Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select two options.

Animals bred through pet shops suffer health problems. People need to adopt animals instead of going to pet shops.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. SERVANT. Thus, Brutus, did my master bid me kneel. Thus did Mark Antony bid me fall down, And, being prostrate, thus he bade me say. "Brutus is noble, wise, valiant, and honest. Caesar was mighty, bold, royal, and loving. Say I love Brutus, and I honour him. Say I feared Caesar, honoured him, and loved him. If Brutus will vouchsafe that Antony May safely come to him and be resolved How Caesar hath deserved to lie in death, Mark Antony shall not love Caesar dead So well as Brutus living, but will follow The fortunes and affairs of noble Brutus Thorough the hazards of this untrod state With all true faith." So says my master Antony. What is the best summary of this monologue?

Antony sends his servant to respectfully tell Brutus that Antony loves and honors him, as he did Caesar. Then the servant says that if Antony can safely come and inquire about Caesar's death, then Antony will be loyal to Brutus.

What would most likely be discussed in a feminist criticism of Chinua Achebe's work?

B. his portrayal of gender roles

What is the best definition of intrinsic motivation?

B. reasons to act that come from within a character

Read the excerpts from Does My Head Look Big in This? and Persepolis. Excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This?: At Hidaya the hijab was part of the uniform. But I used to take it off as soon as I stepped outside the school gates because man oh man do you need guts to get on public transportation with it on. At the end of the school day the trains would be absolutely packed with schoolkids. I could keep wearing it if I hopped on with a group of Hidaya students because I wouldn't feel so exposed. But the problem was that I had to change trains to get home and there was no way I had the courage to go the distance alone with it on. Excerpt from Persepolis: What do the tone and perspective of these excerpts reveal about the narrators' attitudes toward being different? Select three options.

Being different from everyone around you can be hard. Being different from everyone around you is a fact of life. Being different from everyone around you can cause separation.

Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." These children are facing threats similar to the forceful conscription of child soldiers by warlords in Sudan or during the civil war in Bosnia. Being forced to sell drugs by narcos is no different from being forced into military service. Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. The MS gangsters decide to retaliate and throw the gangster off the train. Enrique refuses to participate, creating a rift. "If you are MS, you have to kill 18th Streeters. And if you are 18th Street, you must kill MS. I wasn't like that," Enrique says. After the fight with his friends, halfway through Chiapas, the gang members stop riding with Enrique. That night, without their protection, the six men beat him on top of the train. How is the author's purpose similar in both excerpts?

Both describe situations in which people are expected to commit crimes or face violence.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. (( BRUTUS. Be patient till the last. Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear. )) How does Brutus's reason for giving his monologue compare to Antony's reason for giving his?

Brutus announces that he wants to explain why he killed Caesar, while Antony says that he is simply there to give Caesar a proper burial.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. It must be by his death: and for my part I know no personal cause to spurn at him But for the general. He would be crowned: How that might change his nature, there's the question. It is the bright day that brings forth the adder, And that craves wary walking. Crown him that, And then I grant we put a sting in him That at his will he may do danger with. Th' abuse of greatness is when it disjoins Remorse from power. And to speak truth of Caesar, I have not known when his affections swayed More than his reason. But 'tis a common proof That lowliness is young ambition's ladder, Whereto the climber-upward turns his face; But when he once attains the upmost round, He then unto the ladder turns his back, Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees By which he did ascend. So Caesar may. Then lest he may, prevent. And since the quarrel Will bear no colour for the thing he is, Fashion it thus: that what he is, augmented, Would run to these and these extremities; And therefore think him as a serpent's egg Which, hatched, would as his kind grow mischievous, And kill him in the shell. How does the characterization of Caesar in this passage connect to the central idea of the passage?

Brutus decides to join the conspiracy against Caesar because he fears that Caesar will become ruthless once he has absolute power.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. (( BRUTUS. Grant that, and then is death a benefit. So are we Caesar's friends, that have abridged )) What is the best summary of this monologue?

Brutus says that death is a benefit and that they did Caesar a favor by killing him, because that means he had less time to worry about dying. Then he asks everyone to bathe their hands and swords in Caesar's blood so that they can walk to the marketplace, crying, "Peace, freedom and liberty!"

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. What means this shouting? I do fear the people Choose Caesar for their king. CASSIUS. Ay, do you fear it? Then must I think you would not have it so. BRUTUS. I would not, Cassius; yet I love him well. But wherefore do you hold me here so long? What is it that you would impart to me? If it be aught toward the general good, Set honour in one eye and death i'th' other, And I will look on both indifferently; For let the gods so speed me as I love The name of honour more than I fear death. What is the effect of Cassius's question to Brutus?

Brutus tells Cassius that Caesar should not be king.

Karol is writing an argumentative essay for his high school paper. Read his claim. Classes should not begin before 9 a.m. Which statements provide the best evidence to support his claim? Select two options.

C) When teenagers get enough sleep, fewer use drugs or become depressed. D) Students who drive to school when tired are more likely to have accidents.

Which quotation from the poem "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove includes an allusion? - A. "Each night she lay down in pain and rose" B. "And rose to her easel, the hundred dogs panting" C. "Diego's / love a skull in the circular window" D. "of the thumbprint searing her immutable brow"

C. "Diego's / love a skull in the circular window"

What is anecdotal evidence? - A) a statistic or piece of data B) a comparison or analogy C) a professional or expert's testimony D) a personal story or historical example

D) a personal story or historical example

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 1. (( CASSIUS. But it is doubtful yet, Whether Caesar will come forth today or no; )) Which conclusion does this excerpt best support?

Decius strongly believes that he can get Caesar to go to the Capitol.

Read the scenario, then answer the question. A city planner thinks that reconfiguring the business district's busy downtown streets to allow for bike lanes is important and is worth the large cost. The lanes will help drivers and cyclists avoid accidents, and they will make the downtown area more attractive to bike commuters. Which fact best supports the city planner's opinion?

Designated bike lanes have reduced traffic-related accidents by 43 percent in other cities.

Which statement best describes the way this interaction affects the plot?

Doctor Rank's admission of love prolongs the suspense because now Nora cannot ask him for help.

Read the excerpt from chapter 2 of Night. And so an hour or two passed. Another scream jolted us. The woman had broken free of her bonds and was shouting louder than before: "Look at the fire! Look at the flames! Flames everywhere . . ." Once again, the young men bound and gagged her. When they actually struck her, people shouted their approval: "Keep her quiet! Make that madwoman shut up. She's not the only one here . . ." She received several blows to the head, blows that could have been lethal. Her son was clinging desperately to her, not uttering a word. He was no longer crying. In this excerpt, the author shows how terrible conditions can cause people to be unsympathetic to the pain of others. How does the memoir genre enable the author to achieve this purpose?

He is able to share his observations about one event in depth.

He wrung as much water out of the towel as he could before hanging it up. When she heard the news, she wrung her hands in frustration.

Read the writing prompt. Drones are becoming a bigger part of everyday life. The rules and regulations for using drones are not yet fully established. Write a research-based essay discussing the many uses of drones, the potential future uses of drones, and the laws that are being discussed to regulate their use. Which research question would be most effective for this topic?

How are drones currently used, and how will drone technology and legislation affect their future?

Read the last paragraph of an argument in favor of censoring content on social media. _____ social media content can be offensive, violent, and vicious. In many cases it has led to harmful acts. Censorship of social media is no longer a topic for philosophical debate. It is time to take action to protect ourselves and our children. Which transitional words or phrases best fit in the blank? Select two options.

In conclusion, To summarize,

Read the body paragraph from an essay on sound effects in film. Stretch a piece of waxed paper until it's taut. Next, place it in front of the microphone. Then, pour uncooked rice onto the paper. This results in a sizzling sound that can be used for cooking on a hot stove or frying bacon. To provide a smooth transition at the beginning of the paragraph, what is the most effective sentence to add? For example, it's easy to create a sizzling sound. As a result, try creating a sizzling sound. Therefore, you can make a sizzling sound. In conclusion, you can generate a sizzling sound.

It is not As a result, try creating a sizzling sound. i believe it is For example, it's easy to create a sizzling sound. but im not sure

Why does Nora call herself a "doll-wife" and a "doll-child?"

Like a doll, you choose what it wears, what it says, acts, and thinks. She has been controlled her entire life.

Read the passage from act 5, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [TITINIUS.] Why didst thou send me forth, brave Cassius? Did I not meet thy friends, and did not they Put on my brows this wreath of victory, And bid me give it thee? Didst thou not hear their shouts? Alas, thou hast misconstrued everything! But hold thee, take this garland on thy brow. Thy Brutus bid me give it thee, and I Will do his bidding. Brutus, come apace, And see how I regarded Caius Cassius. By your leave, gods,—this is a Roman's part: Come, Cassius' sword, and find Titinius' heart. Which theme is best expressed by the text evidence in the excerpt?

Loyalty to one's superior is more important than life.

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Krogstad: If it were as you say, why did you write to me as you did at the time? Mrs. Linde: I could do nothing else. As I had to break with you, it was my duty also to put an end to all that you felt for me. Krogstad [wringing his hands]. So that was it. And all this—only for the sake of money! Mrs. Linde: You must not forget that I had a helpless mother and two little brothers. We couldn't wait for you, Nils; your prospects seemed hopeless then. Which theme is best developed through the events described in this passage?

Monetary concerns can sometimes outweigh personal desires.

What does Mrs. Linde say needs to happen in the Helmer household?

Nora and Torvald need to straighten out their lives, be honest, enough secrecy

From Nora's conversation with Anne-Marie, describe her relationship with her children.

Nora's wondering if she should abandon her children for their sake. Since she is always with them, it'll make it hard for her.

Read the two passages. Passage 1 Raising the minimum wage for workers will provide a significant boost to the economy. For example, changing the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour would add $22 billion to the economy by increasing people's purchasing power. Household spending would increase by $48 billion in one year with a similar minimum wage increase. Increased earnings lead to increased spending and a greater demand for products and services. This phenomenon then leads to the need for more workers and, thereby, job growth. Passage 2 The current federal minimum wage for workers is $7.25. If the government increased that by $1.75, studies show that household spending would also increase—by $48 billion annually. An economic move like this makes too much sense to ignore. A rise in household spending would mean an expansion in the profits of many businesses, including small businesses. As a small-business owner, I would certainly welcome the extra income. The last time the minimum wage was increased, my profit margin increased substantially. My fellow small-business owners experienced a similar profit growth that year. Which passage provides more effective evidence, and why?

Passage 2 is more effective because the evidence is logical and is supported by anecdotes.

Read the excerpt from Persepolis. 8703-05-02-06.png What is the central idea of these panels?

Satrapi's mother feared for her life.

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." The frown on the bachelor's face was deepening to a scowl. He was a hard, unsympathetic man, the aunt decided in her mind. She was utterly unable to come to any satisfactory decision about the grass in the other field. How does the characterization of the aunt contribute to the satire?

She misinterprets the reactions of others.

Which examples are compound sentences? Select three options.

The French drink strong black coffee mixed with hot milk; the Italians drink small cups of espresso. According to my Spanish teacher, Basques have a unique culture, and their language is unrelated to any other world language. My aunt and uncle love to travel in their camper, and they can stop wherever they want to.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. Upon the whole, therefore, it is the judgment of this court, that it appears by the record before us that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen of Missouri, in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution; and that the Circuit Court of the United States, for that reason, had no jurisdiction in the case, and could give no judgment in it. Its judgment for the defendant must, consequently, be reversed, and a mandate issued, directing the suit to be dismissed for want of jurisdiction.

The Missouri circuit court does not have jurisdiction in the case against Sanford.

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." "You don't seem to be a success as a storyteller," said the bachelor suddenly from his corner. The aunt bristled in instant defense at this unexpected attack. "It's a very difficult thing to tell stories that children can both understand and appreciate," she said stiffly. "I don't agree with you," said the bachelor. "Perhaps you would like to tell them a story," was the aunt's retort. "Tell us a story," demanded the bigger of the small girls. "Once upon a time," began the bachelor, "there was a little girl called Bertha, who was extraordinarily good." The children's momentarily-aroused interest began at once to flicker; all stories seemed dreadfully alike, no matter who told them. Which statement best explains the situational irony that occurs in the passage?

The aunt does not expect the bachelor to tell a story, but he does.

Which statement best explains the situational irony that occurs in the passage?

The aunt tells a story with a moral, but the children ignore the lesson.

Read the excerpt from an essay about fairy tales. The Grimms' fairy tales address the experiences of people who are living in difficult situations. For example, there is the story of Rapunzel. There is also the story of Hansel and Gretel, who had to escape their house in order to find food and were locked out. Which revision would best help the author support the thesis more effectively?

The author should explain how Rapunzel's story fits into the thesis.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. During my early teen years in this country, I knew very little about what was actually going on in the Dominican Republic. Whenever Ia situación on the island came up, my parents spoke in hushed voices. In December 1960, four months after our arrival, Time magazine reported the murder of the three Mirabal sisters, who along with their husbands had started the national underground Dominican Republic. My parents confiscated the magazine. To our many questions about what was going on, my mother always had the ready answer, "En boca cerrada no entran moscas." No flies fly into a closed mouth. Later, I found out that this very saying had been scratched on the lintel of the entrance of the SIM's torture center at La Cuarenta. What is the central idea of this paragraph?

The author's parents were afraid to discuss murders or events in the Dominican Republic.

Which statement about Dhofar from chapter 8 of The Travels of Marco Polo shows an objective perspective?

The city has many other cities and towns under its sway."

How does Nora's conflict in this excerpt best demonstrate a difference between life in the late 1800s and life today?

The conflict demonstrates that women are expected to remain in the roles assigned to them.

How do the details in this passage support the central idea?

The details provide examples of how France gradually became a place for worldwide trade.

Study the cartoon Bubble Sheets, by Greg Kearney. 8703-05-05-13-image1.png What evidence supports the cartoonist's perspective about testing?

The exams are huge and are labeled "more tests" and "still more tests," showing that testing is overdone.

Read the transportation fare chart. How does the transportation fare chart support the purpose of this document? Select two options.

The fare chart provides additional details about the RTA Reduced Fare permit. The fare chart helps riders determine if fare assistance is available.

Read the citation below, which is from a computer file. 3 "Underground Railroad." World Book Online. 2012. Web. 20 December 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar574420&st=underground+railroad>. Which best explains why "2012" appears twice in the citation?

The first appearance tells when the article was produced, while the second appearance tells when the article was cited by the essay writer.

Review the workplace document. Sorting Instructions for Hardware Orders How are the graphic features included in this workplace document helpful?

The illustrations help employees correctly sort the items by showing what they look like.

Study the image. Which statements best describe this advertisement? Select three options.

The image appeals to feelings and emotions. The target audience is potential pet owners. It promotes one method of animal adoption.

The policy of segregation increases a sense of inferiority because it is a law. Racially segregated schools take away educational benefits from African Americans. The policy of segregation makes African American children feel inferior.

Read the poem "Monet's 'Waterlilies'" by Robert Hayden. Today as the news from Selma and Saigon poisons the air like fallout, I come again to see the serene, great picture that I love. Here space and time exist in light the eye like the eye of faith believes. The seen, the known dissolve in iridescence, become illusive flesh of light that was not, was, forever is. O light beheld as through refracting tears. Here is the aura of that world each of us has lost. Here is the shadow of its joy. What evidence supports the conclusion that the poem is written in free verse? Select two options.

There is no rhyme scheme. The lines are unequal in length.

How do Sotomayor's descriptions of her family most likely affect readers?

They give readers images of the importance of family.

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince. And that prince who, relying entirely on their promises, has neglected other precautions, is ruined; because friendships that are obtained by payments, and not by greatness or nobility of mind, may indeed be earned, but they are not secured, and in time of need cannot be relied upon; and men have less scruple in offending one who is beloved than one who is feared, for love is preserved by the link of obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their advantage; but fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails. In the context of the passage, what is the connotation of beloved and love?

They suggest weakness, since Machiavelli argues the bonds of love are easily broken.

Which inference does this passage best support?

Traders brought not only sugar but also other valuable items to Europe.

Read the passage. Size matters when you are hosting a conference. Trenton Place is the largest convention center in the country, boasting 2.6 million square feet of space. Over the course of a year, Trenton Place will host over three million visitors for public exhibitions and trade shows. Trenton Place is also home to Big Sky Theater. The theater is one of the largest theaters in the city, equipped to host concerts, plays, and seminars. What is the best use of ellipses to shorten the passage?

Trenton Place is also home to Big Sky Theater. . . . one of the largest theaters in the city, equipped to host concerts, plays, and seminars.

When writing an informative essay, the best way to make sure Internet information is reliable is to use

URLs ending in .gov, .org, or .edu.

Study the anti-smoking poster created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Which statement best evaluates the purpose of using a baby in the photograph on the poster?

Using the baby plays into a human instinct to protect young children from harm.

Yael is writing an essay about the development of folk tales. Read the excerpt from her essay. Every culture throughout time has had its own folk tales, which were first transmitted from person to person with the technology available at the time. Folk tales began as an oral tradition. With the invention of written language, folk tales were recorded by community scribes, until 1450, when the printing press was invented. The result was a wider distribution of folk tales, which were collected in books. Based on the beginning of Yael's essay, how does the structure support her central idea?

Yael gives details in chronological order, which supports her central idea by showing development.

If the word rudiment is defined as a fundamental principle or skill, and the suffix -ary is defined as "of or relating to," what does the term rudimentary education mean?

a basic education

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation for the claim that virtual reality technology is a useful tool in the study of medicine. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which multimedia aid provides the best support for this claim?

a brief video clip of a medical school professor discussing a specific case of using virtual reality

What is a counterclaim?

a refutation of a claim, with evidence

What elements should be included in a paragraph that evaluates a writer's argument? Select three options.

a summary of the writer's claim an analysis of the writer's concluding statements an analysis of the writer's reasons and evidence

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 3, of Julius Caesar. [CASSIUS.] Now know you, Casca, I have moved already Some certain of the noblest-minded Romans To undergo with me an enterprise Of honourable dangerous consequence. And I do know by this, they stay for me In Pompey's Porch. For now this fearful night There is no stir or walking in the streets; And the complexion of the element In favour's like the work we have in hand, Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible. What causes Cassius to delay killing Caesar?

a violent storm

Which keywords would be most effective to find research on the development of potential cures for human aging? Select three options.

aging AND research AND cure old AND age AND research AND remedy aging AND cure AND potential AND research AND humans

Which source would be most reliable for researching the most effective types of physical activity for high school students?

an article from a university that uses advanced statistics to determine the total calorie loss for 10 different physical activities

Leila is preparing a presentation on how an increase in college expenses affects students' career decisions. After researching student loans, she creates a table showing an increase in the amount of money that students borrow to pay for college. Which element could Leila most effectively integrate with her chart for her presentation?

an audio clip of an interview with graduates in debt, discussing their current jobs

Read the workplace document. Date: January 15, 2018 From: Jamal Louis, Regional Manager of Cozy Clothes Ltd. To: All Cozy Clothes Ltd. employees Beginning February 1, employees returning clothing and accessories to the store may not receive a cash refund. Instead, a store credit will be issued in the form of a gift certificate. Please remember that all of the rules for a customer return still apply. Only items purchased less than six weeks ago are eligible for return. Additionally, returns cannot be made without a receipt or the credit card with which the item was originally purchased. Which text elements show that this is a workplace document? Select four options.

an explanation of a key detail in a company policy a line showing the date the document was sent a reference to the employer as the sender a direct address to the company's employees

Read the passage from "Two Kinds." In fact, in the beginning, I was just as excited as my mother, maybe even more so. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size. I was a dainty ballerina girl standing by the curtains, waiting to hear the right music that would send me floating on my tiptoes. I was like the Christ child lifted out of the straw manger, crying with holy indignity. I was Cinderella stepping from her pumpkin carriage with sparkly cartoon music filling the air. In all of my imaginings, I was filled with a sense that I would soon become perfect. My mother and father would adore me. I would be beyond reproach. I would never feel the need to sulk for anything. But sometimes the prodigy in me became impatient. "If you don't hurry up and get me out of here, I'm disappearing for good," it warned. "And then you'll always be nothing." What conflict is indicated by the underlined sentences?

an internal conflict within the narrator, who wants to be a prodigy but has not found the right activity

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. CASSIUS. Why, now, blow wind, swell billow, and swim bark! The storm is up, and all is on the hazard. The storm imagery functions as what motif in the play?

an omen suggesting a tragic end to the battle

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The seeds for this system were sown in 1823 in the sugar colony of British Guiana—now Guyana—where John Gladstone, father of the future British prime minister William Gladstone, owned over a thousand slaves. John Smith, a young and idealistic English preacher who had recently come to the area, was becoming popular with those slaves. His inspiring sermons retold the story of Moses leading the Jews out of Egypt and to freedom. The sugar workers listened and understood: Smith was speaking not about the Bible, but about the present. That summer, after hearing one of Smith's sermons, over three thousand slaves grabbed their machetes, their long poles, and rose up against their masters. The governor of the colony rushed toward the burning plantations, where he met a group of armed slaves, and asked them what they wanted. "Our rights," came the reply. Here was Haiti—and for that matter America and France—all over again. The slaves insisted they were not property; like the Jews in Egypt, they were God's children, who were owed their basic human rights. The evidence of enslaved people's revolt and fight for freedom is

anecdotal, because it tells a narrative about enslaved people taking action for basic human rights.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The sugar that piled up on the docks near the plantations was something new in the world: pure sweetness, pure pleasure, so cheap that common people could afford it. Scientists have shown that people all over the world must learn to like salty tastes, sour tastes, mixed tastes. But from the moment we are born, we crave sweetness. Cane sugar was the first product in human history that perfectly satisfied that desire. And the bitter lives of the enslaved Africans produced so much sugar that pure sweetness began to spread around the world. How do the authors support their claim and purpose with their choice of words?

by repeating the words pure, sweetness, and tastes

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. For an African, whether you were sent to the Caribbean or South America, you were now part of the sugar machine. And it did not much matter where your ship landed. You could be working the fertile fields of Brazil or the hills of Jamaica; the brutal cycle of making sugar was much the same. If the terrain was not too rocky or hilly, you might be part of a group of slaves who drove teams of oxen to draw plows across the fields. On rougher ground, you were sent out to clear a space five inches deep and five feet square. Then you dug holes for the cane shoots in the cleared squares. You needed to work quickly and without stopping. Overseers watched closely to make sure of that, beating slaves who did not carve out at least twenty-eight holes an hour on one French island. The painstaking work had just one aim: to plant a crop that would end up taking the life of every worker who touched it. As Equiano explained, the sugar slaves could hardly rest even when their day was done. How do the authors create a tone that develops their claim and purpose?

by using words with negative connotations, such as brutal

by using words with negative connotations, such as hacked and merciless

Based on context clues, what is the meaning of graven in these lines?

carved

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 1, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [ANTONY.] And now, Octavius, Listen great things—Brutus and Cassius Are levying powers. We must straight make head. Therefore let our alliance be combined, Our best friends made, our means stretched, And let us presently go sit in council, How covert matters may be best disclosed, And open perils surest answerèd. OCTAVIUS. Let us do so: for we are at the stake, And bayed about with many enemies; And some that smile have in their hearts, I fear, Millions of mischiefs. What type of conflict does this interaction describe?

character vs. society

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." When Jacob (b. 1785) and Wilhelm (b. 1786) began collecting folk tales and songs at the beginning of the nineteenth century, they were precocious students at the University of Marburg, still in their teens. They grew up quite fast, plagued by money problems and caring for their siblings—their father died in 1796, leaving the once middle-class family in poverty. Their situation was further aggravated by the rampant Napoleonic Wars. Jacob interrupted his studies to serve the Hessian War Commission, although Wilhelm passed his law exams and found work as a low-paid librarian in the royal library. In 1807, Jacob lost his position with the War Commission, when the French occupied Kassel, but he was then hired as a librarian for the new King Jérome, Napoleon's brother, who now ruled Westphalia. Amidst all the upheavals, their mother died in 1808, and Jacob and Wilhelm became fully responsible for their three younger brothers and sister. Which structure is used in this excerpt?

chronological

What steps best help a reader determine the central idea of a text? Select three options.

citing evidence from the text to support the conclusion distinguishing between key details and minor details restating the most important points in the text in one's own words

relevant evidence

evidence that is directly related to the claim

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. SOOTHSAYER. Beware the ides of March. CAESAR. What man is that? BRUTUS. A soothsayer bids you beware the ides of March. CAESAR. Set him before me; let me see his face. CASSIUS. Fellow, come from the throng; look upon Caesar.25 CAESAR. What say'st thou to me now? Speak once again. SOOTHSAYER. Beware the ides of March. This passage is an example of

foreshadowing.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Twenty-three years earlier, King Louis XIV had issued a set of rules that defined slavery as legal in the French sugar islands. But when two slaves managed to reach France, he freed them—saying they became free "as soon as they [touched] the soil" of France. The judges sided with Pauline—she was real to them, human, not a piece of property. For Pauline's judges, as for King Louis, slavery far off across the seas was completely different from enslaved individuals in France. Which words best create a positive, hopeful tone?

free, real, and human

What does Mrs. Linde propose she and Krogstad should do?

get married and take care of each other

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 2. CALPURNIA. When beggars die there are no comets seen; The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes. What does the symbol of comets represent in this excerpt?

glory

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and the background information on the allusion it contains. Excerpt: CASSIUS. There's a bargain made. Now know you, Casca, I have moved already Some certain of the noblest-minded Romans To undergo with me an enterprise Of honourable dangerous consequence. And I do know by this, they stay for me In Pompey's Porch. For now this fearful night There is no stir or walking in the streets; And the complexion of the element In favour's like the work we have in hand, Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible. Background information: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, known in English as Pompey the Great, was a Roman general and political leader. Together with Caesar and Crassus, Pompey ruled as a member of the first Roman triumvirate. As a leader, Pompey was a capable administer and worked to help Rome grow and prosper. Among other projects, he built a large amphitheater in Rome. This amphitheater was named after him, and its annex became known as Pompey's Porch. During this time, Pompey married Caesar's daughter, Julia. After her death, however, Pompey and Caesar began to grow apart, and within a few years, Pompey sided with the senate against Caesar. War followed. In 48 BCE, Pompey's armies were defeated, and he was murdered by former allies who were afraid of Caesar's power. The underlined lines are an example of a

historical allusion

The tone of this speech could best be described as expressing a feeling of

hope.

Where is the best place to find complete information about the sources for a research paper using the MLA citation format?

in the works cited at the end of the paper

Read the passage. Hana's ambivalence about the trip was understandable. She wanted to visit her parents' country of birth, but she was worried that it would be difficult for her family to get back into the country when they came home. Based on context clues in the excerpt, what is the most likely meaning of ambivalence?

indecisiveness

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 2, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and the information in the paragraph below it. Excerpt: ANTONY. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; The good is oft interrèd with their bones. So let it be with Caesar. Background information: "The Evil That Men Do" is the title of a song by the English heavy metal band Iron Maiden. The lyrics of the chorus say that people's evil deeds live on. To emphasize the point, Iron Maiden

invokes a common cultural allusion.

Is Helmer's remark, "an exit should always be effective, but that's what I can't get Nora to grasp," ironic? Explain

it is ironic because she does have an effective exit and he had no idea that she was going to leave him

What evidence do the authors include to support the central idea that Indian workers and formerly enslaved people became rivals?

logical evidence that Indian workers and formerly enslaved people did not get along with one another because wages went down

Which term is a synonym for atmosphere?

mood

Read the excerpt from The Travels of Marco Polo and study the map. When the traveler leaves Kuh-banan he goes for fully eight days through a desert. . . . After these eight days he reaches a province called Tun and Kain, where there are cities and towns in plenty. It is situated on the northern borders of Persia. There is an immense plain here, in which stands the Solitary Tree, which the Christians call the Dry Tree. Based on the excerpt and the map, what makes the journey to Kain difficult?

mountains and dry conditions

In a group discussion, a successful presenter distinguishes between fact and opinion. Unlike opinions, the facts in a presentation are

objective

Which group is most likely planning to participate in a formal discussion?

public-policy planners meeting to discuss changes to a state-run health program

Read the excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This? by Randa Abdel-Fattah. I hate the fact that I had to leave Hidaya. But it only goes up to tenth grade because it doesn't have enough funding to offer eleventh and twelfth grades. My best friends, Leila Okulgen and Yasmeen Khan, moved on to a public high school close to Coburg, where they live. I begged my parents to let me go with them but Mom and Dad insisted that I go to a private school. What is the narrator's tone in this passage?

regretful

Strong transitions in an informative essay

show readers how reasons support claims.

Read the example sentence. Since the taxis and buses were out of service, the tourist town decided to begin using rickshaws, which were inexpensive, relied primarily on physical strength, and led to a new source of employment. Based on the context, what is the meaning of rickshaws?

small vehicles pulled by one person on foot or on a bicycle

Examine the public service ad. Who is most likely the intended audience for this public service campaign?

students who did not complete high school

According to the dictionary, -ment can refer to an action, a place, or a state resulting from an action. This definition is useful to know because -ment functions as a

suffix.

Study the editorial cartoon Recycling? Bah! by Don Landgren Jr. 8703-05-05-17-image1.png What is the cartoonist's perspective in this cartoon?

that we are destroying our planet because we are lazy

Which details best support the purpose of this editorial cartoon? Select three options.

the "will work for air conditioning" sign the rat sweating on the sidewalk the comfortable man in the air-conditioned car

Read the first three paragraphs of Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. Beyond Congress, who is his primary intended audience?

the American public

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The arkatis (recruiters) who were hired by shipping companies were Indians themselves; they knew villagers would not want to cross the water. But they also knew where there were hungry, desperate people. So they fanned out to the countryside and began to look for strong men. Bharath, who was about to leave for Trinidad, later explained how that happened. His version of English is hard to understand, but it is how the Indians began to speak on the islands. "E no tell e I go chinedad you know . . . e no tell e no come back, e no greet mumma fadder again." ("He did not tell me I was going to Trinidad, you know. He didn't tell me I would never come back, or never see my mother and father again.") Which goal does this passage best address?

the goal of explaining to readers how Indians were taken advantage of

Which topic is most likely to be the subject of a public service campaign?

the importance of using seat belts

What is the central idea of a text?

the main point the author is trying to make

What are the central ideas in a play?

the most important points an author wants to convey

Which is the best definition of the word tone?

the narrator's attitude toward the subject matter and audience

Read the sentence. Then, like fluffy bits of cotton candy, the pink clouds floated away until they disappeared from view when they passed the horizon. Which section of the sentence is an independent clause?

the pink clouds floated away

claim

the point the writer is making/arguing

Read the excerpt from Maryam's personal narrative. The vertical garden that Mr. Lopez taught me how to build not only changed the way we eat, but it helped my family spend less on groceries. When the school board accepted my proposal to start a program to teach families to grow their own food, I knew just who to call to help me make it work. Working with Mr. Lopez helped me speak up about the things I believe in, and I hope that my ideas about helping our neighborhood have access to good food will result in a positive change. Which part of the narrative does this paragraph most likely come from?

the reflection

What is the claim in an argumentative text?

the statement that takes a position on an issue or controversy

Read the outline. I. Introduction A. Quotation and interpretation B. Thesis statement II. First text A. Reason and connection B. Commentary Which element from the first text is missing?

the supporting evidence

Read the excerpt from Persepolis. 8703-05-02-04.png Which element best illustrates the central idea of these panels?

the teacher's annoyed expression and crossed arms

Study the editorial cartoon Participation in Youth Sports Down by Dan Landgren Jr. What evidence supports the cartoonist's perspective about declining participation in little league? Select two options.

the title of the cartoon at the top the response of the boy on the right

Read the excerpt from "The Crab That Played with the Sea." Before the High and Far-Off Times, O my Best Beloved, came the Time of the Very Beginnings; and that was in the days when the Eldest Magician was getting Things ready. First he got the Earth ready; then he got the Sea ready; and then he told all the Animals that they could come out and play. And the Animals said, 'O Eldest Magician, what shall we play at?' and he said, 'I will show you. He took the Elephant—All-the-Elephant-there-was—and said, 'Play at being an Elephant,' and All-the-Elephant-there-was played. He took the Beaver—All-the-Beaver-there-was—and said, 'Play at being a Beaver,' and All-the Beaver-there-was played. He took the Cow—All-the-Cow-there-was—and said, 'Play at being a Cow,' and All-the-Cow-there-was played. He took the Turtle—All-the-Turtle-there-was—and said, 'Play at being a Turtle,' and All-the-Turtle-there-was played. One by one he took all the beasts and birds and fishes and told them what to play at. Based on the details in the excerpt, what is its primary purpose?

to entertain

Read the excerpt from chapter 2 of Night. Lying down was not an option, nor could we all sit down. We decided to take turns sitting. There was little air. The lucky ones found themselves near a window; they could watch the blooming countryside flit by. After two days of travel, thirst became intolerable, as did the heat. What is the purpose of this passage?

to establish the setting as a moving train

Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." If many children don't meet strict asylum criteria but face significant dangers if they return, the United States should consider allowing them to stay using humanitarian parole procedures we have employed in the past, for Cambodians and Haitians. It may be possible to transfer children and resettle them in other safe countries willing to share the burden. What is the author's purpose in this excerpt?

to express an opinion about US asylum policies

Read the sentence. In film production, it is the role of directors to envision the script that tells a story, to develop an artistic lens that enhances their ideas, and _guiding the team that will carry out their vision_ How should the underlined section be revised to create parallel structure?

to guide the team that will carry out their vision

paraphrase

to retell someone else's ideas or information in one's own words

How can a writer edit a narrative to include vivid imagery? Select three options.

use specific, strong verbs in place of general ones use descriptive words that appeal to the reader's senses use active voice to show instead of tell the reader

Read the passage from act 5, scene 4, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. ANTONY. This is not Brutus, friend, but, I assure you, A prize no less in worth. Keep this man safe. Give him all kindness. I had rather have Such men my friends than enemies. Go on, And see whether Brutus be alive or dead, And bring us word unto Octavius' tent How everything is chanced. Which piece of evidence best expresses the theme of this passage?

"I had rather have / Such men my friends than enemies."

Read the passage from act 5, scene 4, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. (( ANTONY. This is not Brutus, friend, but, I assure you, )) Which piece of evidence best expresses the theme of this passage?

"I had rather have / Such men my friends than enemies."

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Nevertheless, as I made the raft, the tears ran out of my eyes. The Forest People could have killed me without fight, if they had come upon me then, but they did not come. When the raft was made, I said the sayings for the dead and painted myself for death. My heart was cold as a frog and my knees like water, but the burning in my mind would not let me have peace. As I pushed the raft from the shore, I began my death song—I had the right. It was a fine song. Which textual evidence best supports the analysis that the setting develops the author's acceptance of death?

"The Forest People could have killed me without fight."

Which sentence best describes the relationship between a counterclaim and a rebuttal?

A counterclaim states an opposing viewpoint to the claim, which a rebuttal fairly and logically addresses.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 2. CALPURNIA. Caesar, I never stood on ceremonies, Yet now they fright me. There is one within, Besides the things that we have heard and seen, 15 Recounts most horrid sights seen by the watch. A lioness hath whelpéd in the streets, And graves have yawned, and yielded up their dead. Fierce fiery warriors fight upon the clouds, In ranks and squadrons and right form of war, 20 Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol. The noise of battle hurtled in the air, Horses did neigh, and dying men did groan, And ghosts did shriek and squeal about the streets. O Caesar, these things are beyond all use, 25 And I do fear them. Which quotations from this excerpt are examples of imagery? Select three options.

A lioness hath whelpèd in the streets." "Fierce fiery warriors fight upon the clouds." "The noise of battle hurtled in the air."

Which best describes a strong research question for an informative essay?

A strong research question goes beyond common knowledge, inspires curiosity, and can be discussed in several paragraphs.

What is the definition of connotation?

Connotation is the emotion or idea that is associated with a word.

Read the line from Robert Hayden's poem "Monet's 'Waterlilies,'" then look at the painting Water Lilies by Claude Monet. O light beheld as through refracting tears. How does this line relate to the artwork?

It compares the painting to an emotional experience.

How does the heading help the reader understand the central idea of this passage?

It informs the reader that the text will focus on a specific school.

Which statement best describes the resolution of "Sleeping Beauty"?

The Queen throws herself into the pit of reptiles.

Which situation is an example of dramatic irony?

The audience knows all about the plot to kill Caesar, but Caesar himself knows nothing.

Read the scenario. The editor-in-chief of a magazine emails this list to her entire staff: Seek the truth without bias. Always fact-check your information. Never compromise your principles. Which statement about this list is most likely true?

This list is a code of ethics, because it is a set of guidelines based on ideals.

Which elements does strong narrative writing always contain? Check all that apply.

a description of events a clear point of view a connection to an outline

Consider this claim from an editorial. Candidate Wilkins is the best choice for state representative because of her ability to inspire young people to vote. Which examples of evidence would best support this claim? Select three options.

a live television report from a youth fundraiser for Wilkins's campaign a printed transcript of a campaign speech given by Wilkins at a local high school a graph showing an increase in social media posts from young people about Wilkins during the campaign

Which text features would be most helpful to support the central idea of the passage? Select two options.

a map showing the spread of Islam through much of the ancient world and a timeline showing the spread of Muhammad's teachings

Read the chart. HOMOPHONE MEANING by beside or near buy to purchase something bye expression that is short for goodbye Choose the correct homophones to complete the sentence. Jiya went to the shop _____ the dentist's office to _____ materials for her project.

by, buy

What is the white space between and around panels in a graphic novel?

gutters

In acts 1 and 2 of Julius Caesar, with whom is Brutus most in conflict?

himself

In a group discussion, a successful presenter distinguishes between fact and opinion. Unlike opinions, the facts in a presentation are

objective.

Read the sentence. When cotton clothing is permeated, or soaked through, with water, it stays wet and can freeze in cold weather. Based on context clues in the sentence, what is the most likely meaning of permeated?

saturated

Read the example. If you want to know how Dickens's last novel would end. What common error in sentence construction is evident in this example?

sentence fragment

Read the sentence. Lori is as strong as an ox, so I'm sure it will be no problem for her to help you bring those boxes up to the third floor. What type of figurative language is the phrase "as strong as an ox"?

simile

When analyzing an argument, which element should you identify first?

the claim

Read the excerpt from "The Story of a Warrior Queen." When Boadicea saw that all hope was gone, she called her daughters to her. "My children," she said sadly, as she took them by the hand and drew them towards her, "my children, it has not pleased the gods of battle to deliver us from the power of the Romans. But there is yet one way of escape." Tears were in her blue eyes as she kissed her daughters. She was no longer a queen of fury but a loving mother. Which archetype does Boadicea, the queen of the Britons, best represent?

the tragic heroine

Study the cartoon Modern Window Shopping by Nate Beeler. Which ideas do the people in the cartoon represent? Select two options.

the use of the Internet for everything the shift of retail from storefronts to devices

What is the best definition of the term "characterization"?

the way an author presents a character to readers

evaluate argument

to assess an author's arguments to see if they are relevant and sufficient

Ad hominem attack: an attack on a person rather than on his or her argument. an ad hominen attack is a fallacy (see definition) and weakens an argument. Example: Kristin: I think school should start later so kids will be more rested at school.Steve: of course you'd say that. You just want to sleep in

facts, statistics, examples, and comparisons that show why a claim should be believed. Example: a 2012 study by the National Sleep institute found that 47 percent of kids aren't getting enough sleep.

Which type of evidence is an example of testimony?

eyewitness accounts

How does the photograph help the reader understand the text?

It shows how enslaved people were exposed to the outside elements and weather.

"Tracking the Intricacies of the Modern Filmmaking Process"

Which event is part of the exposition in "Cinderella"?

An invitation to the prince's ball arrives.

Read the passage from \Animal Farm. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace out A, B, C, D, in the dust with his great hoof, and then would stand staring at the letters with his ears back, sometimes shaking his forelock, trying with all his might to remember what came next and never succeeding. On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H, but by the time he knew them, it was always discovered that he had forgotten A, B, C, and D. Finally he decided to be content with the first four letters, and used to write them out once or twice every day to refresh his memory. What is the central idea of this passage?

Boxer is unable to learn the alphabet.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. BRUTUS. Into what dangers would you lead me, Cassius, That you would have me seek into myself For that which is not in me?70 CASSIUS. Therefore, good Brutus, be prepared to hear. And since you know you cannot see yourself So well as by reflection, I, your glass, Will modestly discover to yourself That of yourself which you yet know not of.75 And be not jealous on me, gentle Brutus. Were I a common laugher, or did use To stale with ordinary oaths my love To every new protester; if you know That I do fawn on men and hug them hard80 And after scandal them: or if you know That I profess myself in banqueting To all the rout: then hold me dangerous. Which statement best summarizes the conflict in this passage?

Brutus suspects that Cassius's flattery is fueled by intentions that will put him at risk, and Cassius assures Brutus that he is honest and trustworthy.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] Hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear. Believe me for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour, that you may believe. Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses, that you may the better judge. [ANTONY.] You all did love him once, not without cause: What cause withholds you then to mourn for him? O judgment, thou art fled to brutish beasts, And men have lost their reason! Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, And I must pause till it come back to me. Which statement best compares the two monologues?

Brutus uses simple language and logic, whereas Antony uses imagery and emotional language.

What does Dr. Rank say are the results of his test?

he says death is certain

Why won't Nora ask Dr. Rank for the money?

He's in love with her.

Which statements best describe a text with a compare-and-contrast structure? Select three options.

It contains words such as although, similarly, and yet. It describes similarities between two or more things. It discusses differences between two or more things.

ead the text and review the chart. The standard plank test is an easy way to measure the strength and endurance of your core muscles. You can perform the test at home. All you need is a stopwatch and a partner. To perform the standard plank test: •Move into the plank position, positioning feet and hands on the floor as if doing a push-up. •Hold this "up" position as long as possible, being careful to keep your back straight and flat. •Have a partner time how long you can hold the pose. The timer should be stopped when your hips begin to sag or rise. How does the performance chart included in this document help clarify the standard plank test procedure?

It helps test takers interpret and evaluate their test results.

Which statements best describe a text with a problem-and-solution structure? Select two options.

It identifies an issue to be resolved. It contains words such as answer, difficulty, and therefore.

What are the characteristics of a formal discussion? Select three options.

It is led in a methodical and procedural way. It uses specialized, subject-specific language. It requires preparation in the form of research or review.

Study the editorial cartoon by Signe Wilkinson. How does the text "Ivy U. Law" on the board show the cartoonist's perspective?

It shows that the cartoonist thinks that many Supreme Court justices have Ivy League educations.

Read the passage and study the drawing from Sugar Changed the World. 8703-03-02-07.jpg How does the image most support the central idea of this text?

It shows the large numbers of workers and tasks required to refine sugar.

Study the editorial cartoon Mars Probe by Mike Keefe. 8703-05-05-21-image1.png How does the alien with the baseball bat contribute to the effectiveness of the political cartoon?

It uses humor to show that unknown factors keep damaging the probes humans send.

Claim: a statement that supports a position. Example: If school started later, kids would get more sleep

Opposing Viewpoint: a position that is the opposite of another position

Which statement would best conclude an evaluation of Dan DeLuca's argument in "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry"?

Overall, DeLuca's wide-ranging evidence will prove that rock lyrics are indeed poetry.

Passage 1 Many people think that standardized testing is unnecessary; however, standardized testing is the only way to measure student achievement. Viewing student testing only from a student's perspective is missing the point. If we think of it in practical terms, we can see that testing students gives us a baseline to assist those students in their areas of greatest need. Without standardized testing, that assistance would not be possible. Passage 2 Students experience anxiety during standardized testing. Everyone knows this, and everyone should realize that no child deserves to feel unnecessary stress. Imagine one of your own children suffering through the rigors of a week—or more—of testing. Imagine that anxiety, even though there were clearly alternatives available to avoid it. This is just one of the many reasons to eliminate standardized testing in our schools. How do the fallacies in the first passage differ from the fallacies in the second?

Passage 1 contains a false dilemma, while passage 2 contains a bandwagon appeal.

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: [calls out from his room]. Is that my little lark twittering out there? Nora: [busy opening some of the parcels]. Yes, it is! Helmer: Is it my little squirrel bustling about? Nora: Yes! Helmer: When did my squirrel come home? Nora: Just now. [Puts the bag of macaroons into her pocket and wipes her mouth.] Come in here, Torvald, and see what I have bought. Helmer: Don't disturb me. [A little later, he opens the door and looks into the room, pen in hand.] Bought, did you say? All these things? Has my little spendthrift been wasting money again? Nora: Yes but, Torvald, this year we really can let ourselves go a little. This is the first Christmas that we have not needed to economize. Helmer: Still, you know, we can't spend money recklessly. Nora: Yes, Torvald, we may be a wee bit more reckless now, mayn't we? Just a tiny wee bit! You are going to have a big salary and earn lots and lots of money. Helmer: Yes, after the New Year; but then it will be a whole quarter before the salary is due. Which inference about Nora does this passage best support?

She is glad that she finally has money to spend on gifts for the holidays.

Manjit is writing an argumentative essay to support her claim that her high school should not start classes before 9 a.m. This is one of her reasons. Teenagers learn better if they have had enough sleep. Which evidence best supports the reason?

Teenagers who are tired are often tardy or fall asleep in class.

What does she say would be the "greatest miracle?"

That they can one day have a genuine marriage.

How do the authors use English history to support the claim that many people joined the antislavery movement for moral reasons?

The authors provide a primary-source quotation from a British abolitionist named William Wilberforce.

Read the headline. Governor Raids Funding for After-School Programs for Preschoolers Which statement best evaluates the objectivity of the headline?

The headline is not objective because the word raids adds emotion to the language.

Read the passage and study the image from Sugar Changed the World. Caption: Based on drawings from around 7000 BCE, this image depicts rock climbers finding honey in cliffs. This is the earliest known form of honey collecting. (Eva Crane, World History of Beekeeping and Honey Hunting). . . . A rock drawing in Spain from about 7000 B.C. shows a man who has climbed a hillside, found a crevice holding a hive, and is reaching in to grab the honey. Indeed, a lucky wanderer in just about any part of Europe, Africa, or Asia that wasn't covered with ice could stumble on a hive and—at the risk of some stings—come away with a treat. (People in the Americas had no bees, so used syrups made from maple trees, agave cactus, or mashed fruits for their sweeteners.) Then someone figured out that you didn't have to be lucky. You could hollow out a log near bees, and they would make it their home. You could "keep" bees—you didn't have to find them. How does the image support the text?

The image shows how ancient people collected honey before beekeeping began.

Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. The train passes into northern Chiapas. Enrique sees men with hoes tending their corn and women inside their kitchens patting tortillas into shape. Cowboys ride past and smile. Fieldworkers wave their machetes and cheer the migrants on: "Qué bueno!" Mountains draw closer. Plantain fields soften into cow pastures. Enrique's train slows to a crawl. Monarch butterflies flutter alongside, overtaking his car. How do the underlined phrases support the author's purpose?

They show that the worst part of the train ride may be over.

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: [calls out from his room]. Is that my little lark twittering out there? Nora: [busy opening some of the parcels]. Yes, it is! Helmer: Is it my little squirrel bustling about? Nora: Yes! Helmer: When did my squirrel come home? Nora: Just now. [Puts the bag of macaroons into her pocket and wipes her mouth.] Come in here, Torvald, and see what I have bought. Helmer: Don't disturb me. [A little later, he opens the door and looks into the room, pen in hand.] Bought, did you say? All these things? Has my little spendthrift been wasting money again? Nora: Yes but, Torvald, this year we really can let ourselves go a little. This is the first Christmas that we have not needed to economize. How do the stage directions in brackets affect the meaning of the text?

They show the reader that Torvald thinks that Nora bought too much.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. Minors of the Negro race, through their legal representatives, seek the aid of the courts in obtaining admission to the public schools of their community on a nonsegregated basis. In each instance, they had been denied admission to schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to race. This segregation was alleged to deprive the plaintiffs of the equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment. In each of the cases other than the Delaware case, a three-judge federal district court denied relief to the plaintiffs on the so-called "separate but equal" doctrine announced by this Court in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537. Under that doctrine, equality of treatment is accorded when the races are provided substantially equal facilities, even though these facilities be separate. In the Delaware case, the Supreme Court of Delaware adhered to that doctrine, but ordered that the plaintiffs be admitted to the white schools because of their superiority to the Negro schools. Which statement best describes the passage?

Warren gives a history of segregation in America, then explains how the students fit into that history.

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. Mrs. Park's biology class is discussing the components of healthy garden soil. One student mentions that her community garden has a compost pile and that members of the garden can use the compost for free. She says that she uses the compost now and has found it to be much more effective than fertilizers sold at the store. Which follow-up question best demonstrates attention to the topic and point of view of the speaker?

What differences have you noticed about your garden since switching to compost?

Read the sentence. Because of the high winds, the fire may spread rapidly, and we have been ordered to evacuate. What type of sentence is this?

a compound sentence

Read the sentence. The tracking party followed their prey to the river, but there they lost the trail, even though they had several bloodhounds with them. What type of sentence is this?

a compound-complex sentence

Read the paragraph. In conclusion, the work of Foley artists is only one step in the overall filmmaking process. By adding the appropriate sound effects, Foley artists create a level of realism that helps the audience embrace the premise of the film, whether it is some crazy alien adventure or something based on everyday life. Which is the best thing the writer could add to improve the conclusion? a sentence about where the term Foley came from a quote from a Foley artist about how fun it is to work in film a question about where Foley artists record sounds a speculation about the continued importance of Foley work

a speculation about the continued importance of Foley work

Read the passage from a speech by President Barack Obama. Mr. Secretary General; Your Excellencies, we are here because, right now, in crowded camps and cities around the world, there are families . . . who've endured years . . . as refugees, surviving on rations and aid, and who dream of someday, somehow, having a home of their own. We're here because, right now, there are young girls . . . who've suffered unspeakable abuse . . . who pray at night that someone might rescue them from their torment. . . . We are here because, right now, there are mothers separated from their children—like the woman in a camp in Greece, who held on to her family photographs . . . and who said "my breath is my children . . . every day I am dying 10, 20, 30 times." Which rhetorical device does Obama use in this passage?

anaphora

The character who opposes the protagonist is the

antagonist

persuasive/argumentative text

attempts to persuade or convince readers to accept a certain view or take a specific action

Which type of fallacy uses circular reasoning to support an argument?

begging the claim

Read the excerpt from President Ronald Reagan's speech on the night before the 1980 presidential election. I believe we can embark on a new age of reform in this country and an era of national renewal. An era that will reorder the relationship between citizen and government, that will make government again responsive to people, that will revitalize the values of family, work, and neighborhood and that will restore our private and independent social institutions. The tone of this speech could best be described as expressing a feeling of

hope

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." Though it is impossible to clarify fully why certain tales were deleted or placed in footnotes in later editions, we do know that "Death and the Goose Boy" was omitted because of its baroque literary features; "The Strange Feast," because of its close resemblance to "Godfather Death"; "The Stepmother," because of its fragmentary nature and cruelty; and "The Faithful Animals," because it came from the Siddhi-Kür, a collection of Mongolian tales. From the first edition in 1812/1815 to the final one in 1857, the Grimms received numerous versions of tales already in their collection and new tales from strangers, friends, and colleagues, and they often decided to replace one tale with another version, to delete some of the tales, or to include variants in their footnotes. Which key details best support the main idea in this paragraph? Select three options.

"...'Death and the Goose Boy' was omitted because of its baroque literary features;" "'The Stepmother' [was omitted] because of its fragmentary nature and cruelty;" "...'The Faithful Animals' [was omitted] because it came from the Siddhi-Kür...."

Read the introductory paragraph from a literary analysis essay. In "A Life with Books," Julian Barnes writes, "When you read a great book, you don't escape from life, you plunge deeper into it." Barnes believes that literature allows readers to connect more deeply with their lives by reading about people whose experiences mirror their own. We can learn from literature how to approach difficulties in our own lives and face them head on, finding redemption. Conflict leading to reconciliation can provide important lessons to the reader, as shown in "Two Kinds" by Amy Tan and The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston. Which quotations from Amy Tan's story "Two Kinds" best serve as evidence for the thesis on reconciliation? Select two options.

"A few years ago, she offered to give me the piano, for my thirtieth birthday." "And after I played them both a few times, I realized they were two halves of the same song."

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The Muslims worked out a new form of farming to handle sugar, which came to be called the sugar plantation. A plantation was not a new technology but, rather, a new way of organizing planting, growing, cutting, and refining a crop. On a regular farm there may be cows, pigs, and chickens; fields of grain; orchards filled with fruit—many different kinds of foods to eat or sell. By contrast, the plantation had only one purpose: to create a single product that could be grown, ground, boiled, dried, and sold to distant markets. Since one cannot live on sugar, the crop grown on plantations could not even feed the people who harvested it. Never before in human history had farms been run this way, as machines designed to satisfy just one craving of buyers who could be thousands of miles away. On a plantation there were large groups of workers—between fifty and several hundred. The mill was right next to the crop, so that growing and grinding took place in the same spot. Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim?

"A plantation was not a new technology but, rather, a new way of organizing planting, growing, cutting, and refining a crop."

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 1. PORTIA. If this were true, then should I know this secret. I grant I am a woman, but withal A woman that Lord Brutus took to wife. I grant I am a woman, but withal A woman well reputed, Cato's daughter.5 Think you I am no stronger than my sex, Being so fathered and so husbanded? Tell me your counsels; I will not disclose 'em. I have made strong proof of my constancy, Giving myself a voluntary wound10 Here in the thigh. Can I bear that with patience, And not my husband's secrets? BRUTUS. O ye gods, Render me worthy of this noble wife! [Knocking within] Hark, hark, one knocks. Portia, go in a while,15 And by and by thy bosom shall partake The secrets of my heart. All my engagements I will construe to thee, All the charactery of my sad brows. Leave me with haste.20 Which line from the text best supports the conclusion that Brutus intends to tell Portia about his plans?

"And by and by thy bosom shall partake / The secrets of my heart."

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 1. PORTIA. If this were true, then should I know this secret. I grant I am a woman, but withal A woman that Lord Brutus took to wife. I grant I am a woman, but withal A woman well reputed, Cato's daughter. 5 Think you I am no stronger than my sex, Being so fathered and so husbanded? Tell me your counsels; I will not disclose 'em. I have made strong proof of my constancy, Giving myself a voluntary wound 10 Here in the thigh. Can I bear that with patience, And not my husband's secrets? BRUTUS. O ye gods, Render me worthy of this noble wife! [Knocking within] Hark, hark, one knocks. Portia, go in a while, 15 And by and by thy bosom shall partake The secrets of my heart. All my engagements I will construe to thee, All the charactery of my sad brows. Leave me with haste. 20 Which line from the text best supports the conclusion that Brutus intends to tell Portia about his plans?

"And by and by thy bosom shall partake / The secrets of my heart."

Read the excerpt from "The Crab That Played with the Sea." Then the little girl-daughter put up her little soft brown arms with the beautiful white shell bracelets and said, 'O Eldest Magician! when my father here talked to you at the Very Beginning, and I leaned upon his shoulder while the beasts were being taught their plays, one beast went away naughtily into the Sea before you had taught him his play. And the Eldest Magician said, 'How wise are little children who see and are silent! What was the beast like?' And the little girl-daughter said, 'He was round and he was flat; and his eyes grew upon stalks; and he walked sideways like this; and he was covered with strong armour upon his back.' And the Eldest Magician said, 'How wise are little children who speak truth! Now I know where Pau Amma went. Give me the paddle!' So he took the paddle; but there was no need to paddle, for the water flowed steadily past all the islands till they came to the place called Pusat Tasek—the Heart of the Sea—where the great hollow is that leads down to the heart of the world, and in that hollow grows the Wonderful Tree, Pauh Janggi, that bears the magic twin nuts. Then the Eldest Magician slid his arm up to the shoulder through the deep warm water, and under the roots of the Wonderful Tree he touched the broad back of Pau Amma the Crab. And Pau Amma settled down at the touch, and all the Sea rose up as water rises in a basin when you put your hand into it. 'Ah!' said the Eldest Magician. 'Now I know who has been playing with the Sea;' and he called out, 'What are you doing, Pau Amma?' And Pau Amma, deep down below, answered, 'Once a day and once a night I go out to look for my food. Once a day and once a night I return. Leave me alone.' Then the Eldest Magician said, 'Listen, Pau Amma. When you go out from your cave the waters of the Sea pour down into Pusat Tasek, and all the beaches of all the islands are left bare, and the little fish die, and Raja Moyang Kaban, the King of the Elephants, his legs are made muddy. When you come back and sit in Pusat Tasek, the waters of the Sea rise, and half the little islands are drowned, and the Man's house is flooded, and Raja Abdullah, the King of the Crocodiles, his mouth is filled with the salt water.' Which group of sentences from the excerpt best demonstrates the author's reason for writing?

"And the Eldest Magician said, 'How wise are little children who see and are silent! What was the beast like?' And the little girl-daughter said, 'He was round and he was flat; and his eyes grew upon stalks; and he walked sideways like this; and he was covered with strong armour upon his back.'" "And the Eldest Magician said, 'How wise are little children who speak truth! Now I know where Pau Amma went. Give me the paddle!'"

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 2, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [ANTONY.] For Brutus is an honourable man, So are they all, all honourable men— Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honourable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome, Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill. Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honourable man. You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And sure he is an honourable man. Which piece of evidence best expresses the theme that even people with strong morals make mistakes?

"Brutus says he was ambitious, / And sure he is an honourable man."

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] Th' abuse of greatness is when it disjoins Remorse from power. And to speak truth of Caesar, I have not known when his affections swayed More than his reason. But &lquo;tis a common proof That lowliness is young ambition's ladder, Whereto the climber-upward turns his face; But when he once attains the upmost round, He then unto the ladder turns his back, Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees By which he did ascend. So Caesar may. Then lest he may, prevent. And since the quarrel Will bear no colour for the thing he is, Fashion it thus: that what he is, augmented, Would run to these and these extremities; And therefore think him as a serpent's egg Which, hatched, would as his kind grow mischievous, And kill him in the shell. Which quotations support the central idea that Brutus thinks Caesar needs to be killed before he becomes dangerous? Select three options.

"But 'tis a common proof / That lowliness is young ambition's ladder" "Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees / By which he did ascend" "And therefore think him as a serpent's egg / Which, hatched, would as his kind grow mischievous, / And kill him in the shell."

Read the excerpt from "Water Flowing from Toilet to Tap May Be Hard to Swallow." The processes at Orange County and most other plants that clean the water include microfiltration that strains out anything larger than 0.2 microns, removing almost all suspended solids, bacteria and protozoa. After that comes reverse osmosis, which involves forcing the water across a membrane, which removes other impurities, including viruses, pharmaceuticals and dissolved minerals. A zap with powerful ultraviolet light and a bit of hydrogen peroxide disinfects further and neutralize other small chemical compounds. But after all that, 13 percent of adult Americans say they would absolutely refuse to even try recycled water, according to a recent study in the journal Judgment and Decision Making. "A small minority of people are very offended by this, and can slow it down or stop it because of legal and political forces," said Paul Rozin, a psychology professor at the University of Pennsylvania who studies revulsion and a co-author of the study. Opponents of reusing water have long had the upper hand, said Paul Slovic, a professor of psychology at the University of Oregon, because of the "branding problem." What evidence in the excerpt supports Schwartz's claim? Select three options.

How does Torvald describe Nora talking about "scientific research?" Again, how does he think of her?

"Come now — little Nora talking about scientific research!" He thinks it's cute that she would be that smart. Torvald treats his wife as an inferior

In "Water Flowing from Toilet to Tap May Be Hard to Swallow," what reasons does Schwartz give to support his claim? Select two options.

"Enticing people to drink recycled water, however, requires getting past what experts call the 'yuck' factor." "People tend to judge risk emotionally, he said, and a phrase like 'toilet to tap' can undercut earnest explanations."

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Slave owners fought back, arguing that owners should be able to list their slaves as property when they arrived in France and take them with them when they left. Though most parts of France agreed to this, lawmakers in Paris hesitated. Pierre Lemerre the Younger made the case for the slaves. "All men are equal," he insisted in 1716—exactly sixty years before the Declaration of Independence. To say that "all men are equal" in 1716, when slavery was flourishing in every corner of the world and most eastern Europeans themselves were farmers who could be sold along with the land they worked, was like announcing that there was a new sun in the sky. In the Age of Sugar, when slavery was more brutal than ever before, the idea that all humans are equal began to spread—toppling kings, overturning governments, transforming the entire world. Sugar was the connection, the tie, between slavery and freedom. In order to create sugar, Europeans and colonists in the Americas destroyed Africans, turned them into objects. Just at that very same moment, Europeans—at home and across the Atlantic—decided that they could no longer stand being objects themselves. They each needed to vote, to speak out, to challenge the rules of crowned kings and royal princes. How could that be? Why did people keep speaking of equality while profiting from slaves? In fact, the global hunger for slave-grown sugar led directly to the end of slavery. Following the strand of sugar and slavery leads directly into the tumult of the Age of Revolutions. For in North America, then England, France, Haiti, and once again North America, the Age of Sugar brought about the great, final clash between freedom and slavery. Which excerpt from the passage best states the authors' claim?

"Following the strand of sugar and slavery leads directly into the tumult of the Age of Revolutions."

"For an African, whether you were sent to the Caribbean or South America, you were now part of the sugar machine."

Which quotations from "The Crab That Played with the Sea" convey a comic tone? Select two options.

"He took the Elephant—All-the-Elephant-there-was—and said, 'Play at being an Elephant.'" "All-the-Cow-there-was . . . licked her tongue round a whole forest at a time."

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nurse: Oh well, young children easily get accustomed to anything. Nora: Do you think so? Do you think they would forget their mother if she went away altogether? Nurse: Good heavens!—went away altogether? Nora: Nurse, I want you to tell me something I have often wondered about—how could you have the heart to put your own child out among strangers? Nurse: I was obliged to, if I wanted to be little Nora's Nurse. Nora: Yes, but how could you be willing to do it? Nurse: What, when I was going to get such a good place by it? A poor girl who has got into trouble should be glad to. Besides, that wicked man didn't do a single thing for me. What evidence from the text best supports the theme that society can put mothers in impossible situations?

"How could you have the heart to put your own child out among strangers?"

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. O Cassius, I am sick of many griefs. CASSIUS. Of your philosophy you make no use, If you give place to accidental evils. BRUTUS. No man bears sorrow better. Portia is dead. CASSIUS. Ha! Portia? BRUTUS. She is dead. CASSIUS. How scaped I killing when I crossed you so? O insupportable and touching loss! Upon what sickness? BRUTUS. Impatient of my absence, And grief that young Octavius with Mark Antony Have made themselves so strong—for with her death That tidings came. With this, she fell distraught, And, her attendants absent, swallowed fire. CASSIUS. And died so? BRUTUS. Even so. CASSIUS. O ye immortal gods! [Enter LUCIUS, with wine and taper] BRUTUS. Speak no more of her. Give me a bowl of wine. In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius. CASSIUS. My heart is thirsty for that noble pledge. Fill, Lucius, till the wine o'erswell the cup; I cannot drink too much of Brutus' love. Which evidence from the text supports the conclusion that Cassius and Brutus have reconciled? Select two options.

"How scaped I killing when I crossed you so? / O insupportable and touching loss!" "My heart is thirsty for that noble pledge. / Fill, Lucius, till the wine o'erswell the cup"

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Surely, that was enough to do, and live. Surely it was enough to spend the night upon the cliff. The Forest People themselves do not come near. Yet, all through the night, I knew that I should have to cross the river and walk in the places of the gods, although the gods ate me up. My magic did not help me at all and yet there was a fire in my bowels, a fire in my mind. When the sun rose, I thought, "My journey has been clean. Now I will go home from my journey." But, even as I thought so, I knew I could not. If I went to the Place of the Gods, I would surely die, but, if I did not go, I could never be at peace with my spirit again. It is better to lose one's life than one's spirit, if one is a priest and the son of a priest. Which quotation best explains why the narrator continues his journey to the Place of the Gods?

"I could never be at peace with my spirit again."

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." I went north—I did not try to hide myself. When a god or a demon saw me, then I would die, but meanwhile I was no longer afraid. My hunger for knowledge burned in me—there was so much that I could not understand. After a while, I knew that my belly was hungry. I could have hunted for my meat, but I did not hunt. It is known that the gods did not hunt as we do—they got their food from enchanted boxes and jars. Sometimes these are still found in the Dead Places—once, when I was a child and foolish, I opened such a jar and tasted it and found the food sweet. But my father found out and punished me for it strictly, for, often, that food is death. Now, though, I had long gone past what was forbidden, and I entered the likeliest towers, looking for the food of the gods. Which sentence from the passage supports the theme that breaking the rules may be necessary for growth?

"I had long gone past what was forbidden, and I entered the likeliest towers, looking for the food of the gods."

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Helmer [walking up and down]: He had so grown into our lives. I can't think of him as having gone out of them. He, with his sufferings and his loneliness, was like a cloudy background to our sunlit happiness. Well, perhaps it is best so. For him, anyway. [Standing still.] And perhaps for us too, Nora. We two are thrown quite upon each other now. [Puts his arms round her.] My darling wife, I don't feel as if I could hold you tight enough. Do you know, Nora, I have often wished that you might be threatened by some great danger, so that I might risk my life's blood, and everything, for your sake. What evidence from the passage best supports the theme that society placed expectations on men and women based on gender?

"I have often wished that you might be threatened by some great danger, so that I might risk my life's blood, and everything, for your sake."

What evidence from the passage best supports the theme that society placed expectations on men and women based on gender?

"I have often wished that you might be threatened by some great danger, so that I might risk my life's blood, and everything, for your sake."

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." It was close and dry and dusty in the house of the gods. I have said the magic was gone but that is not true—it had gone from the magic things but it had not gone from the place. I felt the spirits about me, weighing upon me. Nor had I ever slept in a Dead Place before—and yet, tonight, I must sleep there. When I thought of it, my tongue felt dry in my throat, in spite of my wish for knowledge. Almost I would have gone down again and faced the dogs, but I did not. Which text evidence from the passage supports the theme that even nonliving things contain a life force? Select two options.

"I have said the magic was gone but that is not true—it had gone from the magic things but it had not gone from the place." "I felt the spirits about me, weighing upon me."

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 5, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] Night hangs upon mine eyes; my bones would rest, That have but laboured to attain this hour. . . . I prithee, Strato, stay thou by thy lord. Thou art a fellow of a good respect. Thy life hath had some smatch of honour in it. Hold then my sword, and turn away thy face While I do run upon it. Wilt thou, Strato? STRATO. Give me your hand first. Fare you well, my lord. BRUTUS. Farewell, good Strato. . . . Caesar, now be still: I killed not thee with half so good a will. Which piece of evidence best supports the theme that dignity has a high cost?

"I killed not thee with half so good a will."

Read the passage from act 5, scene 4, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. Come hither, good Volumnius. List a word. VOLUMNIUS. What says my lord? BRUTUS. Why this, Volumnius. The ghost of Caesar hath appeared to me Two several times by night—at Sardis once, And this last night, here in Philippi fields. I know my hour is come. VOLUMNIUS. Not so, my lord. BRUTUS. Nay, I am sure it is, Volumnius. Thou seest the world, Volumnius, how it goes. Our enemies have beat us to the pit; [Low alarums] It is more worthy to leap in ourselves Than tarry till they push us. Good Volumnius, Thou know'st that we two went to school together. Even for that, our love of old, I prithee, Hold thou my sword hilts, whilst I run on it. VOLUMNIUS. That's not an office for a friend, my lord. Which piece of evidence best supports the theme that one should accept fate rather than fight it?

"I know my hour is come."

Read the passage from act 5, scene 4, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. Farewell to you, and you, and you, Volumnius. Strato, thou hast been all this while asleep. Farewell to thee too, Strato. Countrymen, My heart doth joy that yet in all my life I found no man but he was true to me. I shall have glory by this losing day, More than Octavius and Mark Antony By this vile conquest shall attain unto. So fare you well at once, for Brutus' tongue Hath almost ended his life's history. Night hangs upon mine eyes; my bones would rest, That have but laboured to attain this hour. [Alarum. Cry within, "Fly, fly, fly!"] CLITUS. Fly, my lord, fly! BRUTUS. Hence, I will follow. [Exeunt CLITUS, DARDANIUS, and VOLUMNIUS] I prithee, Strato, stay thou by thy lord. Thou art a fellow of a good respect. Thy life hath had some smatch of honour in it. Hold then my sword, and turn away thy face While I do run upon it. Wilt thou, Strato? STRATO. Give me your hand first. Fare you well, my lord. BRUTUS. Farewell, good Strato. [Runs on his sword] Caesar, now be still: I killed not thee with half so good a will. What evidence from this passage supports the theme that there can be honor in defeat? Select three options.

"I shall have glory by this losing day." "I killed not thee with half so good a will." "Hold then my sword, and turn away thy face."

What evidence from the text best supports the theme that the roles of women are defined by society?

"I will advise you and direct you. I should not be a man if this womanly helplessness did not just give you a double attractiveness in my eyes."

Which quotation from Julius Caesar is an example of a literary allusion?

"I, as Aeneas our great ancestor / Did from the flames of Troy upon his shoulder / The old Anchises bear, so from the waves of Tiber / Did I the tirèd Caesar." (act 1, scene 2)

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. ANTONY. O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low? Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure? Fare thee well.— I know not, gentlemen, what you intend— Who else must be let blood, who else is rank. If I myself, there is no hour so fit As Caesar's death hour, nor no instrument Of half that worth as those your swords, made rich With the most noble blood of all this world. I do beseech ye, if you bear me hard, Now, whilst your purpled hands do reek and smoke, Fulfil your pleasure. Live a thousand years, I shall not find myself so apt to die. No place will please me so, no mean of death, As here by Caesar, and by you cut off, The choice and master spirits of this age. Which quotations support the central idea that if Antony were to be killed, he would be honored to die now, after Caesar? Select three options.

"If I myself, there is no hour so fit / As Caesar's death hour, nor no instrument / Of half that worth as those your swords" "Live a thousand years, / I shall not find myself so apt to die." "No place will please me so, no mean of death, / As here by Caesar, and by you cut off"

Which details would best fit in a summary of this passage? Select two options.

"In India . . . it was used as an offering in religious and magical ceremonies" and "the first written record of sugar"

What evidence in "The Storyteller." best highlights the flaws in the aunt in order to create satire? Select three options.

"In a low, confidential voice, interrupted at frequent intervals by loud, petulant questionings from her listeners, she began an unenterprising and deplorably uninteresting story about a little girl who was good." and "'It's a very difficult thing to tell stories that children can both understand and appreciate,' she said stiffly."

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." My raft went whirling downstream toward the Bitter Water. I looked after it, and thought if it had trod me under, at least I would be safely dead. Nevertheless, when I had dried my bowstring and re-strung it, I walked forward to the Place of the Gods. It felt like ground underfoot; it did not burn me. It is not true what some of the tales say, that the ground there burns forever, for I have been there. Here and there were the marks and stains of the Great Burning, on the ruins, that is true. But they were old marks and old stains. It is not true either, what some of our priests say, that it is an island covered with fogs and enchantments. It is not. It is a great Dead Place—greater than any Dead Place we know. Everywhere in it there are god-roads, though most are cracked and broken. Everywhere there are the ruins of the high towers of the gods. How shall I tell what I saw? I went carefully, my strung bow in my hand, my skin ready for danger. There should have been the wailings of spirits and the shrieks of demons, but there were not. It was very silent and sunny where I had landed—the wind and the rain and the birds that drop seeds had done their work—the grass grew in the cracks of the broken stone. Which details best reveal the setting of the passage? Select two options.

"It is a great Dead Place—greater than any Dead Place we know." "Everywhere there are the ruins of the high towers of the gods."

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. As a weeder, your job was to carefully pick away the undergrowth that could choke the cane stalks and stop them from growing tall enough, or that might attract vermin. Cleaning and weeding was done as many as three times while the cane grew, and it was some of the worst labor. A weeder spent ten to fourteen hours a day bent over with a hoe, digging out the unwanted growths at the base of the knobby cane stalks, ignoring the rats that might scuttle over his or her feet or the bladelike leaves that slashed at the worker's wrists and arms. Rats were everywhere—the records from one plantation in Jamaica report three thousand of them captured in just six months. Which excerpt from the passage best states the authors' claim?

"It was some of the worst labor."

Read the passage from "Two Kinds." Last week I sent a tuner over to my parents' apartment and had the piano reconditioned, for purely sentimental reasons. My mother had died a few months before and I had been getting things in order for my father, a little bit at a time. I put the jewelry in special silk pouches. The sweaters she had knitted in yellow, pink, bright orange—all the colors I hated—I put those in moth-proof boxes. I found some old Chinese silk dresses, the kind with little slits up the sides. I rubbed the old silk against my skin, then wrapped them in tissue and decided to take them home with me. What evidence supports the idea that the narrator's motivation is intrinsic?

"Last week I sent a tuner over to my parents' apartment and had the piano reconditioned, for purely sentimental reasons."

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. A piece fell into our wagon. I decided not to move. Anyway, I knew that I would not be strong enough to fight off dozens of violent men! I saw, not far from me, an old man dragging himself on all fours. He had just detached himself from the struggling mob. He was holding one hand to his heart. At first I thought he had received a blow to his chest. Then I understood: he was hiding a piece of bread under his shirt. With lightning speed he pulled it out and put it to his mouth. His eyes lit up, a smile, like a grimace, illuminated his ashen face. And was immediately extinguished. A shadow had lain down beside him. And this shadow threw itself over him. Stunned by the blows, the old man was crying: "Meir, my little Meir! Don't you recognize me . . . You're killing your father . . . I have bread . . . for you too . . . for you too . . ." In this passage, the author suggests that cruelty can occur when people face horrible conditions. Which evidence best supports this viewpoint? Select two options.

"Meir, my little Meir! Don't you recognize me . . . You're killing your father . . . I have bread . . . for you too . . . for you too . . ." "A shadow had lain down beside him. And this shadow threw itself over him."

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Helmer [reeling]: True? Is this true, that I read here? Horrible! No, no—it is impossible that it can be true. Nora: It is true. I have loved you above everything else in the world. Helmer: Oh, don't let us have any silly excuses. Nora [taking a step towards him]: Torvald—! Helmer: Miserable creature—what have you done? Nora: Let me go. You shall not suffer for my sake. You shall not take it upon yourself. Helmer: No tragic airs, please. [Locks the hall door.] Here you shall stay and give me an explanation. Do you understand what you have done? Answer me! Do you understand what you have done? What evidence from the passage best supports the theme that one's true nature is revealed in times of distress?

"Miserable creature—what have you done?"

Which excerpt is an example of situational irony in Saki's "The Storyteller"?

"Most of the aunt's remarks seemed to begin with 'Don't,' and nearly all of the children's remarks began with 'Why?' The bachelor said nothing out loud. 'Don't, Cyril, don't,' exclaimed the aunt, as the small boy began smacking the cushions of the seat, producing a cloud of dust at each blow."

"Never having seen him, my mother could not know the portrait was heavily retouched."

Read the passage from act 5, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. CASSIUS. Come down; behold no more. O coward that I am, to live so long, To see my best friend ta'en before my face! [PINDARUS descends] Come hither, sirrah: in Parthia did I take thee prisoner, And then I swore thee, saving of thy life, That whatsoever I did bid thee do Thou shouldst attempt it. Come now, keep thine oath. Now be a freeman, and, with this good sword, That ran through Caesar's bowels, search this bosom. Stand not to answer: here, take thou the hilts, And when my face is covered, as 'tis now, Guide thou the sword. Which quotation from the passage best supports the theme that feelings of guilt are difficult to escape?

"O coward that I am, to live so long, / To see my best friend ta'en before my face!"

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. A stream of pale ash-colored syrup gushed out from the mills, bubbling white with foam. The liquid rushed down a wooden gutter directly into the boiling house, a building of massive furnaces and cauldrons, where the syrup was heated and strained and turned into crystals. A giant copper kettle—often about four feet across and three feet deep—waited for the pale river. This was the first in a series of ever-smaller cauldrons, and beneath each gaped what the Brazilians called the "great open mouths"—the huge furnaces that had to be constantly filled with the wood that workers had chopped down and hauled to be ready for this moment. The boiling house was as perilous as the mills, for if a person nodded off for a second, he or she could slip into a bubbling vat. Mammoth fires burned in the "mouths," clouds of steam billowed above the kettles, and the heat was so intense that the boiling houses had to be sprayed with water so they would not go up in flames. Then there was the smell, or rather, the stench of the boiling liquid. As the [sugar cane] juice boiled, a foul scum rose to the top—which a slave had to keep skimming off with a long-handled ladle. Over and over again the liquid had to be strained and purified, even as it kept boiling, boiling, boiling in the copper vats. Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim that sugar processing was a long and difficult process?

"Over and over again the liquid had to be strained and purified."

Read the excerpt from "The Crab That Played with the Sea." And Pau Amma? You can see when you go to the beach, how all Pau Amma's babies make little Pusat Taseks for themselves under every stone and bunch of weed on the sands; you can see them waving their little scissors; and in some parts of the world they truly live on the dry land and run up the palm trees and eat cocoa-nuts, exactly as the girl-daughter promised. But once a year all Pau Ammas must shake off their hard armour and be soft—to remind them of what the Eldest Magician could do. And so it isn't fair to kill or hunt Pau Amma's babies just because old Pau Amma was stupidly rude a very long time ago. Oh yes! And Pau Amma's babies hate being taken out of their little Pusat Taseks and brought home in pickle-bottles. That is why they nip you with their scissors, and it serves you right! Which evidence best supports the conclusion that the narrator is telling this story with a particular child in mind?

"Pau Amma's babies hate being taken out of their little Pusat Taseks and brought home in pickle-bottles. That is why they nip you with their scissors, and it serves you right!"

Torvald's reaction is to describe their new relationship as what?

"Playtime's over. Now for the schooling." He's going to teach her how to be a good wife.

Read the claim from Dan DeLuca's editorial "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry." Are rock lyrics poetry? The answer must be yes. Which excerpt from the article provides evidence that supports this claim?

"Salman Rushdie, a Nobel candidate himself, called Dylan 'the brilliant inheritor of the bardic tradition.'"

Read the excerpt from "Social Media Made the Arab Spring, But Couldn't Save It" by Jessi Hempel. Today, governments take an aggressive hand in shutting down digital channels people use to organize against them. In Egypt, for example, where 26 million people are on Facebook (up from 4.7 million people in 2011), security forces arrested three people who administered nearly two dozen Facebook pages, according to Egyptian media reports. It also detained activists who had been involved in prior protests. And at the end of December, the government shut down Facebook's Free Basics service, which had offered free Internet services to Egyptians on mobile phones. More than 3 million people had signed up for the program in just two months, according to Facebook. Meanwhile Turkey has made 805 requests for tweets to be removed since 2012, according to Twitter's most recent transparency report; more than half were made last year. Which quotations from the excerpt provide evidence to support the claim that governments have responded to criticism delivered through social media? Select three options.

"Security forces arrested three people who administered nearly two dozen Facebook pages." "Facebook's Free Basics service . . . had offered free Internet services to Egyptians on mobile phones." "Meanwhile Turkey has made 805 requests for tweets to be removed since 2012."

Which excerpt from the poem "Girl Powdering Her Neck" by Cathy Song is an example of a simile?

"She dips a corner of her sleeve / like a brush into water"

Read the excerpt from "The Open Window." "Her great tragedy happened just three years ago," said the child; "that would be since your sister's time." "Her tragedy?" asked Framton; somehow in this restful country spot tragedies seemed out of place. "You may wonder why we keep that window wide open on an October afternoon," said the niece, indicating a large French window that opened on to a lawn. "It is quite warm for the time of the year," said Framton; "but has that window got anything to do with the tragedy?" "Out through that window, three years ago to a day, her husband and her two young brothers went off for their day's shooting. They never came back. In crossing the moor to their favourite snipe-shooting ground they were all three engulfed in a treacherous piece of bog. It had been that dreadful wet summer, you know, and places that were safe in other years gave way suddenly without warning. Their bodies were never recovered. That was the dreadful part of it." Here the child's voice lost its self-possessed note and became falteringly human. "Poor aunt always thinks that they will come back some day, they and the little brown spaniel that was lost with them, and walk in at that window just as they used to do. That is why the window is kept open every evening till it is quite dusk. Poor dear aunt, she has often told me how they went out, her husband with his white waterproof coat over his arm, and Ronnie, her youngest brother, singing, 'Bertie, why do you bound?' as he always did to tease her, because she said it got on her nerves. Do you know, sometimes on still, quiet evenings like this, I almost get a creepy feeling that they will all walk in through that window—" She broke off with a little shudder. It was a relief to Framton when the aunt bustled into the room with a whirl of apologies for being late in making her appearance. "I hope Vera has been amusing you?" she said. "She has been very interesting," said Framton. "I hope you don't mind the open window," said Mrs. Sappleton briskly; "my husband and brothers will be home directly from shooting, and they always come in this way. They've been out for snipe in the marshes today, so they'll make a fine mess over my poor carpets. So like you men-folk, isn't it?" She rattled on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of birds, and the prospects for duck in the winter. To Framton it was all purely horrible. What is an example of situational irony in the excerpt?

"She rattled on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of birds, and the prospects for duck in the winter. To Framton it was all purely horrible."

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. If you walked down Beekman Street in New York in the 1750s, you would come to a general store owned by Gerard Beekman—his family gave the street its name. The products on his shelves showed many of the ways sugar was linking the world. Beekman and merchants like him shipped flour, bread, corn, salted beef, and wood to the Caribbean. They brought back sugar, rum, molasses, limes, cocoa, and ginger. Simple enough; but this trade up and down the Atlantic coast was part of a much larger world system. Textbooks talk about the Triangle Trade: Ships set out from Europe carrying fabrics, clothes, and simple manufactured goods to Africa, where they sold their cargoes and bought people. The enslaved people were shipped across the Atlantic to the islands, where they were sold for sugar. Then the ships brought sugar to North America, to be sold or turned into rum—which the captains brought back to Europe. But that neat triangle—already more of a rectangle—is completely misleading. Beekman's trade, for example, could cut out Europe entirely. British colonists' ships set out directly from New York and New England carrying the food and timber that the islands needed, trading them for sugar, which the merchants brought back up the coast. Then the colonists traded their sugar for English fabrics, clothes, and simple manufactured goods, or they took their rum directly to Africa to buy slaves—to sell to the sugar islands. English, North American, French, and Dutch ships competed to supply the Caribbean plantations and buy their sugar. And even all these boats filling the waters of the Atlantic were but one part of an even larger system of world trade. Africans who sold other Africans as slaves insisted on being paid in fabrics from India. Indeed, historians have discovered that some 35 percent of the cargo typically taken from Europe to Africa originally came from India. What could the Europeans use to buy Indian cloth? The Spanish shipped silver from the mines of Bolivia to Manila in the Philippines, and bought Asian products there. Any silver that English or French pirates could steal from the Spanish was also ideal for buying Asian cloth. So to get the fabrics that would buy the slaves that could be sold for sugar for the English to put into their tea, the Spanish shipped silver to the Philippines, and the French, English, and Dutch sailed east to India. What we call a triangle was really as round as the globe. Which evidence best supports the authors' claim and purpose?

"Simple enough; but this trade up and down the Atlantic coast was part of a much larger world system."

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of "the internet, mobile phones, and social media" in the protests. Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace based on an extensive content analysis of bit.ly links from the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Bahrain. Bit.ly links, or short URLs, are predominantly used in social media such as Twitter. The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Instead, the study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. "New [or social] media outlets that use bit.ly links are more likely to spread information outside of the region than inside it, acting like a megaphone more than a rallying cry." Which excerpt from the passage best supports the authors' claim?

"Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings."

Which quotation from "The Story of the Fisherman" in The Arabian Nights Entertainments supports the theme that cleverness trumps wrath?

"That vase could not contain one of your feet even, and how could your whole body go in? I cannot believe it unless I see you do the thing."

Read the introduction to Dan DeLuca's argument. Bob Dylan is the songwriter who opened up the doors of possibility to all who followed. He was the mysterious bard with a guitar who sent out a clarion call—first as the acoustic Voice of His Generation, then as the plugged-in rocker who remained a master of the unexpected for five decades—that the words pop singers sang were worthy of being taken seriously. "Dylan was a revolutionary," Bruce Springsteen said in his 1988 speech inducting Dylan into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. "The way that Elvis freed your body, Bob freed your mind." Early masterpieces such as "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall" and "Visions Of Johanna" and "Like A Rolling Stone" fueled a debate: Are rock lyrics poetry? The answer must be yes, because on Thursday, Dylan was awarded the highest honor for a writer: the Nobel Prize in literature. The Swedish Academy, in making him the first American winner since novelist Toni Morrison in 1993, cited him for "having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition." Which statement summarizes DeLuca's claim?

"The Swedish Academy . . . cited him for 'having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.'"

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." The smaller girl created a diversion by beginning to recite "On the Road to Mandalay." She only knew the first line, but she put her limited knowledge to the fullest possible use. She repeated the line over and over again in a dreamy but resolute and very audible voice; it seemed to the bachelor as though some one had had a bet with her that she could not repeat the line aloud two thousand times without stopping. Whoever it was who had made the wager was likely to lose his bet. "Come over here and listen to a story," said the aunt, when the bachelor had looked twice at her and once at the communication cord. The children moved listlessly towards the aunt's end of the carriage. Evidently her reputation as a storyteller did not rank high in their estimation. In a low, confidential voice, interrupted at frequent intervals by loud, petulant questionings from her listeners, she began an unenterprising and deplorably uninteresting story about a little girl who was good, and made friends with every one on account of her goodness, and was finally saved from a mad bull by a number of rescuers who admired her moral character. Which instances of situational irony occur in the passage? Select two options.

"The children moved listlessly towards the aunt's end of the carriage." "In a low, confidential voice, interrupted at frequent intervals by loud, petulant questionings from her listeners, she began an unenterprising and deplorably uninteresting story about a little girl who was good."

Read the excerpt from "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre'" by Mark Memmott. Writer and Middlebury College professor Julia Alvarez, the daughter of Dominicans and someone who lived there as a child, said on Tell Me More today that the killings must be acknowledged and testified to. "We can't change the present or the future unless we acknowledge what has happened," she told guest host Celeste Headlee. "There's no place on this planet anymore where that should be happening. It's time that the people themselves say . . . 'that's enough.'" Which details support Alvarez's ideas about the situation in her home country? Select two options.

"The daughter of Dominicans" - "Acknowledge what has happened"

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. We all got up. We all pulled our soaked blankets tighter around our shoulders. And we tried to take a few steps, to shuffle back and forth, in place. Suddenly, a cry rose in the wagon, the cry of a wounded animal. Someone had just died. Others, close to death, imitated his cry. And their cries seemed to come from beyond the grave. Soon everybody was crying. Groaning. Moaning. Cries of distress hurled into the wind and the snow. The lament spread from wagon to wagon. It was contagious. And now hundreds of cries rose at once. The death rattle of an entire convoy with the end approaching. All boundaries had been crossed. Nobody had any strength left. And the night seemed endless. Which sentence from the passage best supports the author's viewpoint that the situation is hopeless?

"The death rattle of an entire convoy with the end approaching."

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Cutting cane was hard work, but it was nothing like what came next: Piles of freshly cut cane had to be fed into the ever-turning mill wheels, until they were completely crushed. The owners insisted that during the work hours the grinding never stop, no matter what. The mills were most often tended by women who were doing dangerous work while getting almost no rest. That was a very bad combination. An ax was often propped up near the rollers so if a slave closed her eyes for a second while pushing the cane, her arm could be hacked off before she was pulled through the merciless grinders. Guests at sugar plantations often remarked on how many one-armed people they saw. Day after day, week after week, month after month, the cane was cut, hauled to the mill, and fed through the rollers. The mills kept going as long as there was cane to grind—the season varied between four and ten months, depending on the local growing conditions. A visitor who came to Brazil in 1630 described the scene: "People the color of the very night, working briskly and moaning at the same time without a moment of peace or rest, whoever sees all the confused and noisy machinery . . . will say that this indeed is the image of Hell." Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim that a frantic pace made working conditions even worse?

"The owners insisted that during the work hours the grinding never stop, no matter what."

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: Nora! [Goes up to her and takes her playfully by the ear.] The same little featherhead! Suppose, now, that I borrowed fifty pounds today, and you spent it all in the Christmas week, and then on New Year's Eve a slate fell on my head and killed me, and— Nora: [putting her hands over his mouth]. Oh! don't say such horrid things. Helmer: Still, suppose that happened, —what then? Nora: If that were to happen, I don't suppose I should care whether I owed money or not. Helmer: Yes, but what about the people who had lent it? Nora: They? Who would bother about them? I should not know who they were. Helmer: That is like a woman! But seriously, Nora, you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing. There can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt. We two have kept bravely on the straight road so far, and we will go on the same way for the short time longer that there need be any struggle. Nora: [moving towards the stove]. As you please, Torvald. Helmer: [following her]. Come, come, my little skylark must not droop her wings. What is this! Is my little squirrel out of temper? [Taking out his purse.] Nora, what do you think I have got here? Which lines support the inference that Torvald sometimes treats Nora like a child? Select three options.

"The same little featherhead!" "That is like a woman!" "What is this! Is my little squirrel out of temper?"

Read the passage from Hans Christian Andersen's "The Princess and the Pea." Once upon a time there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess; but she would have to be a real princess. He travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere could he get what he wanted. There were princesses enough, but it was difficult to find out whether they were real ones. There was always something about them that was not as it should be. So he came home again and was sad, for he would have liked very much to have a real princess. One evening a terrible storm came on; there was thunder and lightning, and the rain poured down in torrents. Suddenly a knocking was heard at the city gate, and the old king went to open it. It was a princess standing out there in front of the gate. But, good gracious! What a sight the rain and the wind had made her look. The water ran down from her hair and clothes; it ran down into the toes of her shoes and out again at the heels. And yet she said that she was a real princess. "Well, we'll soon find that out," thought the old queen. But she said nothing, went into the bed-room, took all the bedding off the bedstead, and laid a pea on the bottom; then she took twenty mattresses and laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses. Which quotation from the passage best supports the theme that looks can be deceiving?

"The water ran down from her hair and clothes; it ran down into the toes of her shoes and out again at the heels."

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Then I saw the dead god. He was sitting in his chair, by the window, in a room I had not entered before and, for the first moment, I thought that he was alive. Then I saw the skin on the back of his hand—it was like dry leather. The room was shut, hot and dry—no doubt that had kept him as he was. At first I was afraid to approach him—then the fear left me. He was sitting looking out over the city—he was dressed in the clothes of the gods. His age was neither young nor old—I could not tell his age. But there was wisdom in his face and great sadness. You could see that he would have not run away. He had sat at his window, watching his city die—then he himself had died. But it is better to lose one's life than one's spirit—and you could see from the face that his spirit had not been lost. I knew, that, if I touched him, he would fall into dust—and yet, there was something unconquered in the face. Which detail most effectively creates an atmosphere of decay?

"Then I saw the skin on the back of his hand—it was like dry leather."

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The English public, now consuming some eighteen pounds of sugar a year, knew little about the lives of the enslaved Africans whose labor sweetened their meals. Worse yet, every Englishman who hammered the wood, sewed the sails, manufactured the rope for slave ships, or built the barrels to hold slave-harvested sugar made his money from the slave trade. The English were getting richer because Africans were being turned into property. Clarkson and others who believed as he did, who in the coming decades would be called abolitionists, realized that while that link gave the English a stake in slavery, it also gave the antislavery forces an opportunity. If they could reverse the flow—make the horrors of slavery visible to those who benefited from it—they might be able to end the vile practice forever. The abolitionists were brilliant. They created the most effective public relations campaign in history, inventing techniques that we use to this day. When he spoke, Clarkson brandished whips and handcuffs used on slaves; he published testimonials from sailors and ship doctors who described the atrocities and punishments on slave ships. When Olaudah Equiano published his memoir, he educated his readers about the horrors of the slave trade. And then, when the English began to understand what slavery really was, Clarkson and others organized what we would call a boycott of "the blood-sweetened beverage." Which excerpt from the passage best states the authors' claim?

"They created the most effective public relations campaign in history, inventing techniques that we use to this day."

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. No one interviewed the Africans who labored in the sugar fields to ask them about their hard labor. They were meant to work and die. But there is one way we can hear them. The Africans invented music, dances, and songs that carry on the pulse, the beat, of their lives. (To hear examples of music from the sugar lands, go to www.sugarchangedtheworld.com.) In Puerto Rico, bomba is a form of music and dance that the sugar workers invented. It is a kind of conversation in rhythm involving a woman, the man dancing with her, and the drummers who watch her and find the right rhythm for her movements. A master coming by would see dancing—no words of anger or rebellion. But as she moved and swayed, as the drummers "spoke" back in their beats, the workers were saying that they were not just labor, not just bodies born to work and die. Instead, they were alive and speaking to one another in movements and sounds that were all their own. In Cuba, sugar workers told their stories in the words and sounds of rumba. As one song said, "The boss does not want me to play the drum." Overseers feared the slaves were using drums to send messages and spread thoughts of rebellion. Similarly, in Brazil there is a dance called Maculelê, which some trace to the sugar fields. Maculelê is danced with sticks or sugar cane stalks, and it looks very much like training for combat. On many of the sugar islands, Africans created similar dances in which people spin, jump, and seem to menace each other, then, just on the beat, click sticks and twirl away. The dances were a way of imitating warfare without actually defying the master. Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim and purpose that enslaved people were more than mercilessly treated workers?

"They were not just labor, not just bodies born to work and die."

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Krogstad [with a searching look at her]. Is that what it all means?—that you want to save your friend at any cost? Tell me frankly. Is that it? Mrs. Linde: Nils, a woman who has once sold herself for another's sake, doesn't do it a second time. Krogstad: I will ask for my letter back. Mrs. Linde: No, no. Krogstad: Yes, of course I will. I will wait here until Helmer comes; I will tell him he must give me my letter back—that it only concerns my dismissal—that he is not to read it— Mrs. Linde: No, Nils, you must not recall your letter. Krogstad: But, tell me, wasn't it for that very purpose that you asked me to meet you here? Mrs. Linde: In my first moment of fright, it was. But twenty-four hours have elapsed since then, and in that time I have witnessed incredible things in this house. Helmer must know all about it. This unhappy secret must be disclosed; they must have a complete understanding between them, which is impossible with all this concealment and falsehood going on. Krogstad: Very well, if you will take the responsibility. But there is one thing I can do in any case, and I shall do it at once. Which evidence from the text best supports the theme that it is better if the truth comes out?

"This unhappy secret must be disclosed; they must have a complete understanding."

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. When my sisters and I cared too much about our appearance, my mother would tell us how Trujillo's vanity knew no bounds. How in order to appear taller, his shoes were specially made abroad with built-in heels that added inches to his height. How plumes for his Napoleonic hats were purchased in Paris and shipped in vacuum-packed boxes to the Island. How his uniforms were trimmed with tassels and gold epaulettes and red sashes, pinned with his medals, crisscrossing his chest. How he costumed himself in dress uniforms and ceremonial hats and white gloves—all of this in a tropical country where men wore guayaberas in lieu of suit jackets, short-sleeved shirts worn untucked so the body could be ventilated. My mother could go on and on. Which quotation provides the best evidence for the central idea of this excerpt?

"Trujillo's vanity knew no bounds."

Which quotation from Julius Caesar is an example of a historical allusion? "MARULLUS. But what trade art thou? Answer me directly. / COBBLER. A trade, sir, that I hope I may use with a safe / conscience, which is indeed, sir, a mender of bad soles." (act 1, scene 1) "These growing feathers plucked from Caesar's wing / Will make him fly an ordinary pitch, / Who else would soar above the view of men / And keep us all in servile fearfulness." (act 1, scene 1) "CASSIUS. And why should Caesar be a tyrant then? / Poor man, I know he would not be a wolf / But that he sees the Romans are but sheep. / He were no lion, were not Romans hinds." (act 1, scene 3) "What tributaries follow him to Rome / To grace in captive bonds his chariot wheels? / You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things! / O, you hard hearts, you cruel men of Rome, / Knew you not Pompey?" (act 1, scene 1)

"What tributaries follow him to Rome / To grace in captive bonds his chariot wheels? / You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things! / O, you hard hearts, you cruel men of Rome, / Knew you not Pompey?" (act 1, scene 1)

Read the passage from chapter 2 of Animal Farm. But at this moment the three cows, who had seemed uneasy for some time past, set up a loud lowing. They had not been milked for twenty-four hours, and their udders were almost bursting. After a little thought, the pigs sent for buckets and milked the cows fairly successfully, their trotters being well adapted to this task. Soon there were five buckets of frothing creamy milk at which many of the animals looked with considerable interest. "What is going to happen to all that milk?" said someone. "Jones used sometimes to mix some of it in our mash," said one of the hens. "Never mind the milk, comrades!" cried Napoleon, placing himself in front of the buckets. "That will be attended to. The harvest is more important. Comrade Snowball will lead the way. I shall follow in a few minutes. Forward, comrades! The hay is waiting." So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared. Which quotation from this passage is the best example of foreshadowing?

"When they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared."

Read the passage from A Doll's House Nora: [breathlessly]. Torvald—what was that letter? Helmer: Krogstad's dismissal. Nora: Call her back, Torvald! There is still time. Oh Torvald, call her back! Do it for my sake—for your own sake—for the children's sake! Do you hear me, Torvald? Call her back! You don't know what that letter can bring upon us. Helmer: It's too late. Nora: Yes, it's too late. Helmer: My dear Nora, I can forgive the anxiety you are in, although really it is an insult to me. It is, indeed. Isn't it an insult to think that I should be afraid of a starving quill-driver's vengeance? But I forgive you nevertheless, because it is such eloquent witness to your great love for me. [Takes her in his arms.] And that is as it should be, my own darling Nora. Come what will, you may be sure I shall have both courage and strength if they be needed. You will see I am man enough to take everything upon myself. Nora: [in a horror-stricken voice]. What do you mean by that? Helmer: Everything, I say— Nora: [recovering herself] You will never have to do that. Which evidence supports the inference that Nora is afraid of what Torvald will say if Krogstad tells him about her forgery?

"You don't know what that letter can bring upon us."

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Helmer: My dear Nora, I can forgive the anxiety you are in, although really it is an insult to me. It is, indeed. Isn't it an insult to think that I should be afraid of a starving quill-driver's vengeance? But I forgive you nevertheless, because it is such eloquent witness to your great love for me. [Takes her in his arms.] And that is as it should be, my own darling Nora. Come what will, you may be sure I shall have both courage and strength if they be needed. You will see I am man enough to take everything upon myself. Nora: [in a horror-stricken voice]. What do you mean by that? Helmer: Everything, I say— Nora: [recovering herself] You will never have to do that. Helmer: That's right. Well, we will share it, Nora, as man and wife should. That is how it shall be. [Caressing her.] Are you content now? There! There! Not these frightened dove's eyes! The whole thing is only the wildest fancy! Now, you must go and play through the Tarantella and practise with your tambourine. I shall go into the inner office and shut the door, and I shall hear nothing; you can make as much noise as you please. [Turns back at the door.] And when Rank comes, tell him where he will find me. [Nods to her, takes his papers and goes into his room, and shuts the door after him.] What evidence from the text best supports the theme that men are expected to be providers and protectors?

"You will see I am man enough to take everything upon myself."

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. In the 1100s, the richest Europeans slowly began to add more flavor to their food—because of a series of fairs and wars. A smart count in the Champagne region of France guaranteed the safety of any merchant coming to sell or trade at the markets in the lord's lands. Soon word spread, and the fairs flourished. Starting around 1150, the six Champagne fairs became the one place where Europeans could buy and sell products from the surrounding world—a first step in connecting them to the riches and tastes beyond. Fortress Europe was slowly opening up. What evidence from the passage best supports the inference that Europe was dangerous for merchants to travel to before the 1100s?

"because of a series of fairs and wars"

Which words and phrases in the sonnet indicate that the tone is satirical? Select two options.

"black wires" "reeks"

What evidence from the passage supports the inference that sugar was expensive and not available to everyone?

"cooks working for the wealthiest people"

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Perhaps because she had innocently revered him, my mother was now doubly revolted by this cold-blooded monster. He became something of an obsession with her—living as she was by then in exile with my father, isolated from her family who were still living on the Island. As my sisters and I were growing up, Trujillo and his excesses figured in many of my mother's cautionary tales. Which details does the author include to support the central idea about how her mother felt about the dictator? Select three options.

"doubly revolted" "obsession" "cautionary tales"

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. But it is in India, where it was used as an offering in religious and magical ceremonies, that we have the first written record of sugar. Long before the first pyramids were built in Egypt, the ancient Sumerians traded with the people of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, who lived along the Indus River. Unfortunately, we are still not able to read the writings left behind from those ancient cities. So the first documents telling us about life in that region come from a much later period. These Hindu sacred teachings were probably first gathered together sometime between 1500 and 900 B.C., and were carefully memorized. Only hundreds of years later were they finally written down. The Hindu writings tell us of a religion in which fire was extremely important. People believed that the gods gave fire to human beings. Yet fire was also a way for humans to reach the gods. By placing offerings in a special fire, a priest could turn them into smoke and send them on to the gods. Five ingredients were selected for this special burning: milk, cheese, butter, honey, and sugar cane. Which details would best fit in a summary of this passage? Select two options.

"in India . . . it was used as an offering in religious and magical ceremonies" "the first written record of sugar"

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. By the time my mother married my father, however, she knew all about the true nature of the dictatorship. Thousands had lost their lives in failed attempts to return the country to democracy. Family friends, whom she had assumed had dropped away of their own accord, turned out to have been disappeared. My father had been lucky. As a young man, he had narrowly escaped to Canada after the plot he had participated in as a student failed. This was to be the first of two escapes. That same year, 1937, El Generalísimo ordered the overnight slaughter of some eighteen thousand Haitians, who had come across the border to work on sugarcane plantations for slave wages. Which details does the author include to support the central idea about the result of the dictatorship? Select two options.

"lost their lives" "slaughter"

Read the excerpt from Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. Which phrases from the excerpt include loaded words intended to evoke a sense of fear? Select two options.

"premeditated invasion" "grave danger"

Which phrases from the text best show the narrator's attitude? Select three options.

"so exposed" "no way I had the courage" "need guts"

What evidence from the passage best supports the inference that sugar cane had special significance in the ancient era? Select three options.

"sugar cane was now an ingredient in ceremonies involving fire", "Perhaps that transformation itself seemed magical", and "sugar cane is called ikshu, which means 'something that people want'"

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. On a plantation there were large groups of workers—between fifty and several hundred. The mill was right next to the crop, so that growing and grinding took place in the same spot. And all the work was governed by extremely tight, rigid discipline. The Muslims began to put together the rules for this new kind of farming. Both they and the Christians experimented with using their slaves to run the plantations. At first many of the slaves working sugar plantations in the Mediterranean were Russians, or anyone captured in war. But even all this careful organization did not solve the second problem with sugar. What evidence from the passage best supports the inference that making sugar was difficult? Select two options.

"the work was governed by extremely tight, rigid discipline" "careful organization did not solve the second problem with sugar"

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. With the rise of Islam, Egypt became the world's great sugar laboratory. The kind of sugar easiest to produce from cane is dark—the color comes from molasses, which also makes that form of sugar spicy and even bitter. What we call molasses is just a natural part of the first grinding of sugar cane into syrup. Sugar refiners drain out the dark molasses to use by itself and are left with relatively white sugar. The noble and wealthy, who could afford sugar, wanted it to be as pure, sweet, and white as possible. The Egyptians figured out how to meet that need. What evidence from the passage best supports the inference that white sugar was rarer and more valuable than brown sugar? Select two options.

"wanted it to be as pure, sweet, and white as possible" "The kind of sugar easiest to produce from cane is dark"

Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. MAMA: Lord have mercy, baby. You done gone and bought your grandmother a hat? TRAVIS (very proud): Open it! She does and lifts out an elaborate, but very elaborate, wide gardening hat, and all the adults break up at the sight of it. RUTH: Travis, honey, what is that? TRAVIS (who thinks it is beautiful and appropriate): It's a gardening hat! Like the ladies always have on in the magazines when they work in their gardens. BENEATHA (giggling fiercely): Travis—we were trying to make Mama Mrs. Miniver—not Scarlett O'Hara! MAMA (indignantly): What's the matter with you all! This here is a beautiful hat! (Absurdly.) I always wanted me one just like it! Which word or phrase from the text best supports the idea that the adults think the hat is inappropriate?

(giggling fiercely)

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Nora: And I—how am I fitted to bring up the children? Helmer: Nora! Nora: Didn't you say so yourself a little while ago—that you dare not trust me to bring them up? Helmer: In a moment of anger! Why do you pay any heed to that? Nora: Indeed, you were perfectly right. I am not fit for the task. There is another task I must undertake first. I must try and educate myself—you are not the man to help me in that. I must do that for myself. And that is why I am going to leave you now. Helmer [springing up]: What do you say? Nora: I must stand quite alone, if I am to understand myself and everything about me. It is for that reason that I cannot remain with you any longer. Which 1800s societal expectation does the excerpt most challenge?

*NOT* Women were obligated to share the same opinions as men.

Which descriptions are examples of archetypes? Select three options.

-a recurring model for a setting that is accepted by most people -a reflection of the traditions common throughout a society -a character who is an embodiment of the human experience

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 2. (( CALPURNIA. Caesar, I never stood on ceremonies,... )) Which quotations from this excerpt are examples of imagery? Select three options.

1. "A lioness hath whelped in the streets." 2. "Fierce fiery warriors fight upon the clouds." 3. "The noise of battle hurtled in the air."

How are paraphrasing and summarizing similar? Select three options.

1. They include details of the text. 2. They are written with new words. 3. They include the main idea of the original text.

Which sentences correctly use parentheses? Select two options.

1. We went to the state fair (held in the state capital) for the first time this year. 2. For my birthday, my parents got me tickets to Hamilton (my favorite musical!).

Has can you infer a character's motivation? Select three options.

1. by identifying a specific thought, feeling, or action 2. by making a logical guess about motive based on clues and your previous knowledge 3. by looking for and citing evidence in the text as to why the character might think, feel, or act that way.

How does a writer support a counterclaim after stating it? Select three options.

1. by restating the original claim 2. by providing reasons 3. by supporting it with evidence.

Read the body paragraphs from an essay on sound effects in film. 1. Here comes the fun part. You get to use all those props to create sound effects. So start breaking that celery and crunching that cellophane! 2. You'll need to be prepared before you start recording. Planning ahead is crucial. Make a list of everything in the film scene that could make a noise, whether it's a piece of clothing rustling or a bunch of leaves skittering. 3. Now that you've got your list, it's time to assemble your "noisemakers." You can find useful information online for what to use to make the best sounds. For example, to make the sound of walking on snow, you put corn starch in a leather pouch. What is the most logical way to organize these body paragraphs?

2, 3, 1

Read this source of information. (1) American youth have school commitments and extracurricular activities. (2) Many also enjoy leisure activities, such as reading and playing video games. (3) The US Department of Agriculture recommends that young people ages 6-17 should engage in 60 minutes of physical activity each day. (4) The specific amount of activity needed for a healthy lifestyle depends on daily caloric intake. Which sentence from the source best supports the reason "recreational sports are valuable because youth need to exercise daily"?

Read these sentences from Paco's evaluation of Dan DeLuca's argument in the article "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry." (1) In addition to quoting comments about Dylan's contributions to literature, DeLuca examines Dylan's writing and its influences. (2) Despite a somewhat confusing presentation of evidence, in the end, DeLuca's argument is convincing. (3) In his article, DeLuca attempts to come to grips with the decades-old question "Are rock lyrics poetry?" (4) He claims that this question has been answered with a resounding yes by the Nobel committee, who awarded their literary prize to singer-songwriter Bob Dylan for his collective literary works, most of which are song lyrics. In which order should the sentences appear?

3 - 4 - 1 - 2

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. Let us not forget that wise men like Oliver Wendell Holmes and Justice Cardozo voted on cases which upheld both sex and race discrimination in our society. Until 1972, no Supreme Court case ever upheld the claim of a woman in a gender discrimination case. I, like Professor Carter, believe that we should not be so myopic as to believe that others of different experiences or backgrounds are incapable of understanding the values and needs of people from a different group. Many are so capable. As Judge Cedarbaum pointed out to me, nine white men on the Supreme Court in the past have done so on many occasions and on many issues, including Brown. However, to understand takes time and effort, something that not all people are willing to give. For others, their experiences limit their ability to understand the experiences of others. Others simply do not care. Hence, one must accept the proposition that a difference there will be by the presence of women and people of color on the bench. Personal experiences affect the facts that judges choose to see. My hope is that I will take the good from my experiences and extrapolate them further into areas with which I am unfamiliar. I simply do not know exactly what that difference will be in my judging. But I accept there will be some based on my gender and my Latina heritage. Which statement from the passage best summarizes the central idea in this excerpt?

A) "We should not be so myopic as to believe that others of different experiences or backgrounds are incapable of understanding the values and needs of people from a different group."

Which statements best describe the conflict? Select TWO options. Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Helmer: And it is just by interceding for him that you make it impossible for me to keep him. It is already known at the Bank that I mean to dismiss Krogstad. Is it to get about now that the new manager has changed his mind at his wife's bidding— Nora: And what if it did? Helmer: Of course!—if only this obstinate little person can get her way! Do you suppose I am going to make myself ridiculous before my whole staff, to let people think that I am a man to be swayed by all sorts of outside influence? I should very soon feel the consequences of it, I can tell you! And besides, there is one thing that makes it quite impossible for me to have Krogstad in the Bank as long as I am manager. Nora: Whatever is that? Helmer: His moral failings I might perhaps have overlooked, if necessary— Nora: Yes, you could—couldn't you? Helmer: And I hear he is a good worker, too. But I knew him when we were boys. It was one of those rash friendships that so often prove an incubus in afterlife. I may as well tell you plainly, we were once on very intimate terms with one another. But this tactless fellow lays no restraint on himself when other people are present. On the contrary, he thinks it gives him the right to adopt a familiar tone with me, and every minute it is "I say, Helmer, old fellow!" and that sort of thing. I assure you it is extremely painful for me. He would make my position in the Bank intolerable. - A) Helmer is controlling and does not want to be seen as one who lets his wife sway or control him. B) Krogstad controls Helmer, and he does not want people to know about his past with Helmer. C) Helmer does not like the way Krogstad tries to be his equal, and he wants to fire him from the bank. D) Nora controls Helmer, and thinks that Krogstad is not as bad as Helmer believes he is. E) Krogstad controls Nora, thinks that Nora is irresponsible, and wants to hide his past with Helmer.

A) Helmer is controlling and does not want to be seen as one who lets his wife sway or control him. - and - C) Helmer does not like the way Krogstad tries to be his equal, and he wants to fire him from the bank

What dramatic irony occurs in this passage? Select TWO options. Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Helmer: Krogstad's dismissal. Nora: Call her back, Torvald! There is still time. Oh Torvald, call her back! Do it for my sake—for your own sake—for the children's sake! Do you hear me, Torvald? Call her back! You don't know what that letter can bring upon us. Helmer: It's too late. Nora: Yes, it's too late. Helmer: My dear Nora, I can forgive the anxiety you are in, although really it is an insult to me. It is, indeed. Isn't it an insult to think that I should be afraid of a starving quill-driver's vengeance? But I forgive you nevertheless, because it is such eloquent witness to your great love for me. [Takes her in his arms.] And that is as it should be, my own darling Nora. Come what will, you may be sure I shall have both courage and strength if they be needed. You will see I am man enough to take everything upon myself. Nora: [in a horror-stricken voice]. What do you mean by that? Helmer: Everything, I say— Nora: [recovering herself] You will never have to do that. - A) Helmer thinks that Nora's worry about him is related to his reputation and is a sign of her love for him, while the audience knows that it is the risk she took to get a loan that shows her love. B) Nora thinks that Helmer will be furious with her for taking out a loan to help him, but the audience knows that Helmer loves Nora enough to forgive her for committing a crime to save him. C) Nora thinks that Krogstad has written in the letter that she is having an affair, and is afraid that Helmer will find out, while the audience knows that Krogstad has written about the loan. D) Helmer thinks that Krogstad is angry at Nora, and he wants to protect his wife, while the audience knows that it is Nora who is angry at Krogstad and has inside information about his lies. E) Helmer thinks that Krogstad's vengeance will be against him, but the audience knows that Krogstad will take vengeance against Nora and her reputation as an honest woman.

A) Helmer thinks that Nora's worry about him is related to his reputation and is a sign of her love for him, while the audience knows that it is the risk she took to get a loan that shows her love. - and - E) Helmer thinks that Krogstad's vengeance will be against him, but the audience knows that Krogstad will take vengeance against Nora and her reputation as an honest woman.

Which statement best compares Nora and Mrs. Linde's traits? Read the passage from A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: Listen to me, Nora dear. Haven't you been a little bit imprudent? Nora: [sits up straight] Is it imprudent to save your husband's life? Mrs. Linde: It seems to me imprudent, without his knowledge, to— Nora: But it was absolutely necessary that he should not know! My goodness, can't you understand that? It was necessary he should have no idea what a dangerous condition he was in. It was to me that the doctors came and said that his life was in danger, and that the only thing to save him was to live in the south. Do you suppose I didn't try, first of all, to get what I wanted as if it were for myself? I told him how much I should love to travel abroad like other young wives; I tried tears and entreaties with him; I told him that he ought to remember the condition I was in, and that he ought to be kind and indulgent to me; I even hinted that he might raise a loan. That nearly made him angry, Christine. He said I was thoughtless, and that it was his duty as my husband not to indulge me in my whims and caprices—as I believe he called them. Very well, I thought, you must be saved—and that was how I came to devise a way out of the difficulty— Mrs. Linde: And did your husband never get to know from your father that the money had not come from him? Nora: No, never. Papa died just at that time. I had meant to let him into the secret and beg him never to reveal it. But he was so ill then—alas, there never was any need to tell him. Mrs. Linde: And since then have you never told your secret to your husband? Nora: Good Heavens, no! How could you think so? A man who has such strong opinions about these things! And besides, how painful and humiliating it would be for Torvald, with his manly independence, to know that he owed me anything! It would upset our mutual relations altogether; our beautiful happy home would no longer be what it is now. - A) Nora believes that lying with good intentions is fine, while Mrs. Linde believes that lying to one's husband is wrong. B) Nora believes that it is never prudent for a wife to tell her husband what she does with money, while Mrs. Linde thinks that only small lies are acceptable. C) Mrs. Linde is a spendthrift, while Nora is frugal with the money she is given and reports back to her husband about every penny. D) Mrs. Linde is frugal and dishonest, while Nora spends a lot and is honest with her husband about where she gets money for extras.

A) Nora believes that lying with good intentions is fine, while Mrs. Linde believes that lying to one's husband is wrong.

Read the excerpt from "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry." Dylan is of course enormously influential. Springsteen, who referred to him as "The Father of My Country" in his new Born To Run memoir, is one of many who were once known as "New Dylans." Every singer- songwriter with a personal story to tell owes him a debt, and hearing the above lines read or sung aloud, with their knack for internal rhyme, call up inevitable parallels to the dense playful language of rap. The Nobel is given for a body of work, and comes with a prize of 8 million Swedish kronor, which translates into approximately $900,000. Which evidence in this paragraph supports the idea that Dylan is extremely influential? Select three options.

A) Springsteen referred to Dylan as "The Father of My Country." B) Many artists were known as "New Dylans." C) Dylan's use of internal rhyme is echoed in rap music.

Which statement best serves as a counterclaim to the claim in this passage? Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them. - A) Taney fails to provide any actual evidence for his statements that African Americans were universally considered inferior. B) Taney cannot use states' rights to claim that the plaintiff is not a citizen, because citizenship is federal. C) Taney's argument that emancipated people were still controlled by whites is false because they were free. D) Taney's argument that African Americans were not citizens is false because their ancestors were forced to come here.

A) Taney fails to provide any actual evidence for his statements that African Americans were universally considered inferior.

How do the stage directions in brackets affect the meaning of the text? Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Really! Did a big dog run after you? But it didn't bite you? No, dogs don't bite nice little dolly children. You mustn't look at the parcels, Ivar. What are they? Ah, I daresay you would like to know. No, no—it's something nasty! Come, let us have a game! What shall we play at? Hide and Seek? Yes, we'll play Hide and Seek. Bob shall hide first. Must I hide? Very well, I'll hide first. [She and the children laugh and shout, and romp in and out of the room; at last NORA hides under the table, the children rush in and out for her, but do not see her; they hear her smothered laughter, run to the table, lift up the cloth and find her. Shouts of laughter. She crawls forward and pretends to frighten them. Fresh laughter. Meanwhile there has been a knock at the hall door, but none of them has noticed it. The door is half opened, and KROGSTAD appears, he waits a little; the game goes on.] Krogstad: Excuse me, Mrs. Helmer: Nora: [with a stifled cry, turns round and gets up on to her knees] Ah! what do you want? Krogstad: Excuse me, the outer door was ajar; I suppose someone forgot to shut it. Nora: [rising] My husband is out, Mr. Krogstad. - A) They show that Nora goes from playing happily with her children to being startled by Krogstad, an unwelcome visitor. B) They show that Nora, the children, and Krogstad are on the stage at the same time and are communicating with one another. C) They show that Nora has to take care of her children without the help of her husband, Torvald, and resents it greatly. D) They show that Krogstad is familiar to the family and is a frequent visitor, so he can walk in without knocking.

A) They show that Nora goes from playing happily with her children to being startled by Krogstad, an unwelcome visitor.

Which 1800s societal expectation does the excerpt most challenge? Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Nora: And I—how am I fitted to bring up the children? Helmer: Nora! Nora: Didn't you say so yourself a little while ago—that you dare not trust me to bring them up? Helmer: In a moment of anger! Why do you pay any heed to that? Nora: Indeed, you were perfectly right. I am not fit for the task. There is another task I must undertake first. I must try and educate myself—you are not the man to help me in that. I must do that for myself. And that is why I am going to leave you now. Helmer [springing up]: What do you say? Nora: I must stand quite alone, if I am to understand myself and everything about me. It is for that reason that I cannot remain with you any longer. - A) Women were expected to raise children and be caregivers. B) Women were supposed to educate themselves without assistance. C) Women were obligated to share the same opinions as men. D) Women were required to forgive men's emotions, especially anger.

A) Women were expected to raise children and be caregivers.

When are commas normally used? Select three options. - A) after introductory phrases and clauses B) around restrictive phrases and clauses C) around nonrestrictive phrases and clauses D) before the conjunction joining independent clauses E) before the conjunction introducing a dependent clause

A) after introductory phrases and clauses - and - C) around nonrestrictive phrases and clauses - and - D) before the conjunction joining independent clauses

How does the author use Nora to explore a social issue? Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Good gracious, can't you understand? There was no old gentleman at all; it was only something that I used to sit here and imagine, when I couldn't think of any way of procuring money. But it's all the same now; the tiresome old person can stay where he is, as far as I am concerned; I don't care about him or his will either, for I am free from care now. [Jumps up.] My goodness, it's delightful to think of, Christine! Free from care! To be able to be free from care, quite free from care; to be able to play and romp with the children; to be able to keep the house beautifully and have everything just as Torvald likes it! And, think of it, soon the spring will come and the big blue sky! Perhaps we shall be able to take a little trip—perhaps I shall see the sea again! Oh, it's a wonderful thing to be alive and be happy. [A bell is heard in the hall.] - A) by exploring the benefits of living with no debt B) by showing that living debt-free is impossible C) by highlighting how easy it is to borrow money D) by showing that happiness consists of more than living debt-free

A) by exploring the benefits of living with no debt

Which connotations are associated with the phrase "worked up"? Select THREE options. Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. LINDNER (looking around at the hostile faces and reaching and assembling his hat and briefcase): Well—I don't understand why you people are reacting this way. What do you think you are going to gain by moving into a neighborhood where you just aren't wanted and where some elements—well—people can get awful worked up when they feel that their whole way of life and everything they've ever worked for is threatened. - A) concerned B) apologetic C) anxious D) angry E) exhausted

A) concerned - and - C) anxious - and - D) angry

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. And yet, for all the hardships and prejudice, most Indians decided to stay in the colonies even after their contracts ended. By the end of the 1800s, only a quarter of the indentures sailed back to India after their five years were over. Sometimes this was because they were still too poor. Others told tales of returning only to be spurned by their villages for having broken caste or to be preyed upon by relatives who stole their money. Most of those who stayed in the New World, though, chose to do so because it offered a new life. And in the late 1800s, the authorities began to make a new offer to Indian workers. If they remained in the Caribbean, they could get a small plot of land of their own. After putting in their time in sugar, they could begin to farm for themselves. Which goal does this passage address?

A) the goal of explaining why the majority of Indians stayed in the colonies

Which questions may be applied to literary analysis from a feminist approach? Select three options.

A. How is the relationship between men and women portrayed? -and- B. Does the literature depict patriarchy uncritically or challenge it? -and D. Do characterizations reflect a traditional social hierarchy?

What is a stanza? - A. a group of lines B. a pattern of rhyming words at the ends of lines C. words that appeal to the senses D. words with regular patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables

A. a group of lines

Which conflicts are revealed in the passage? Select two options. Read the passage from "Two Kinds." "You want me to be something that I'm not!" I sobbed. "I'll never be the kind of daughter you want me to be!" "Only two kinds of daughters," she shouted in Chinese. "Those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind! Only one kind of daughter can live in this house. Obedient daughter!" "Then I wish I weren't your daughter. I wish you weren't my mother," I shouted. As I said these things I got scared. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last. "Too late change this," said my mother shrilly. And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted see it spill over. And that's when I remembered the babies she had lost in China, the ones we never talked about. "Then I wish I'd never been born!" I shouted. "I wish I were dead! Like them." - A. an internal conflict within the narrator, who is frightened by the extremity of her anger at her mother B. an external conflict between the narrator, who is demanding independence, and her mother, who is demanding obedience C. an external conflict between the narrator and her mother over whether or not the narrator will continue to live at home D. an internal conflict within the narrator's mother, who cannot decide whether to throw her daughter out of the family home E. an external conflict between the narrator, who wants to be the kind of daughter her mother wants, and her mother, who thinks that's impossible

A. an internal conflict within the narrator, who is frightened by the extremity of her anger at her mother -and- B. an external conflict between the narrator, who is demanding independence, and her mother, who is demanding obedience

What cultural value is revealed through the mother's words? Read the passage from "Two Kinds." "You want me to be something that I'm not!" I sobbed. "I'll never be the kind of daughter you want me to be!" "Only two kinds of daughters," she shouted in Chinese. "Those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind! Only one kind of daughter can live in this house. Obedient daughter!" - A. the Chinese value that children should obey their parents B. the US value that children should be what their parents choose C. the Chinese value that parents should encourage independence in children D. the US value that parents should allow their children to lead independent lives

A. the Chinese value that children should obey their parents

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. No one could have seen it at the time, but the invention of beet sugar was not just a challenge to cane. It was a hint—just a glimpse, like a twist that comes about two thirds of the way through a movie—that the end of the Age of Sugar was in sight. For beet sugar showed that in order to create that perfect sweetness you did not need slaves, you did not need plantations, in fact you did not even need cane. Beet sugar was a foreshadowing of what we have today: the Age of Science, in which sweetness is a product of chemistry, not whips. In 1854 only 11 percent of world sugar production came from beets. By 1899 the percentage had risen to about 65 percent. And beet sugar was just the first challenge to cane. By 1879 chemists discovered saccharine—a laboratory-created substance that is several hundred times sweeter than natural sugar. Today the sweeteners used in the foods you eat may come from corn (high-fructose corn syrup), from fruit (fructose), or directly from the lab (for example, aspartame, invented in 1965, or sucralose—Splenda—created in 1976). Brazil is the land that imported more Africans than any other to work on sugar plantations, and in Brazil the soil is still perfect for sugar. Cane grows in Brazil today, but not always for sugar. Instead, cane is often used to create ethanol, much as corn farmers in America now convert their harvest into fuel. Which sentence best states the authors' claim in this passage?

Advances in the production of sweeteners hastened the end of involuntary servitude.

Read the definitions. lean \ˈlēn\ [Middle English lenen; Old English hleoian; German hlinēn] verb 1. to bend from a vertical position 2. to rely on for support or inspiration 3. to incline in opinion, taste, or desire lien \ˈlē-ən\ [Anglo-French lien; Latin ligament, from ligare, "to bind"] noun 1. a legal claim on the property of another person until a debt has been paid back Which sentences use lean correctly? Select two options.

After the earthquake in Crete, the water tower leans more than 15 degrees to the right. The voters are leaning toward the mayoral candidate with more government experience.

Alexander the Great continued exploring even though his Greek soldiers quit.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Passage A: Given this mandate of silence, I was a real thorn in my mother's side. She had named me, her second of four daughters, after herself—so we shared the same name. Of all her babies, she reports, l was the best behaved, until l learned to talk. Then, I would not shut up. I always had to answer her back when I disagreed with her. Childhood was rocky, but adolescence was a full-fledged war. Passage B: Unfortunately for my mother, I grew up to be a writer publishing under my maiden name. Which statement correctly analyzes how the passages work together to create a central idea?

Alvarez contrasts her mother's insistence on silence with her own desire to tell stories.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Passage A: Given this mandate of silence, I was a real thorn in my mother's side. Passage B: Unfortunately for my mother, I grew up to be a writer publishing under my maiden name. . . . When I published a first novel with a strong autobiographical base, she did not talk to me for months. Passage C: When the [second] novel came out, I decided to go ahead and risk her anger. I inscribed a copy to both Mami and Papi with a note: "Thank you for having instilled in me through your sufferings a desire for freedom and justice." . . . . Days later, my mother called me up to tell me she had just finished the novel. "You put me back in those days. It was like I was reliving it all," she said sobbing. "I don't care what happens to us! I'm so proud of you for writing this book." I stood in my kitchen in Vermont, stunned, relishing her praise and listening to her cry. It was one of the few times since l had learned to talk that I did not try to answer my mother back. If there is such a thing as genetic justice that courses through the generations and finally manifests itself full-blown in a family moment, there it was. How does the author develop the central idea across these passages?

Alvarez describes events in her childhood to show how the relationship between her and her mother was strained, but improved as she grew older.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. My mother, especially, lived in terror of the consequences of living as free citizens. In New York City, before Trujillo was killed, Dominican exiles gathered around the young revolutionary Juan Bosch planning an invasion of the Island. Every time my father attended these meetings, my mother would get hysterical. If the SIM found out about my father's activities, family members remaining behind were likely to be in danger. Even our own family in New York could suffer consequences. Five years earlier, in 1955, Galindez, an exile anti-Trujillo teaching at Columbia University, had disappeared from a New York subway. The same thing could happen to us. I don't know if my father complied or just got too busy trying to make a living in this country. But after a few months of hotheaded attendance, he dropped out of these political activities and his silence deepened. Which statement best analyzes how the author develops the central idea across the paragraphs?

Alvarez explains that, although her parents reacted differently to the stress they endured, both became silent about the dictatorship.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Passage A: In December 1960, four months after our arrival, Time magazine reported the murder of the three Mirabal sisters, who along with their husbands had started the national underground Dominican Republic. My parents confiscated the magazine. To our many questions about what was going on, my mother always had the ready answer, "En boca cerrada no entran moscas." No flies fly into a closed mouth. Later, I found out that this very saying had been scratched on the lintel of the entrance of the SIM's torture center at La Cuarenta. Passage B: The novel would be a fictional retelling of the story of three Mirabal sisters, contemporaries of my mother, whose murder had been reported in that confiscated Time magazine. This time, my mother warned, I was not just going to anger family members, but I would be directly responsible for their lives. There were still old cronies of the dictator around who would love an excuse to go after my family, after my father, after her. This was one of the hardest challenges I had ever had to face as a writer. If my mother were indeed speaking the truth, could I really put my work above the lives of human beings? But if I shut up, wouldn't I still be fanning the members of the dictatorship with its continuing power of censorship and control over the imagination of many Dominicans? What central idea do these excerpts work together to develop?

Alvarez grappled with the issue of writing a novel about a dangerous subject.

Read the excerpts from the beginning, middle, and end of "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Passage A: Perhaps because I was spared, at ten, from the dictatorship my parents endured most of their lives, I often imagine what it must have been like for them growing up under the absolute rule of Generalísimo Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. Passage B: I knew very little about what was actually going on in the Dominican Republic. Whenever la situación on the island came up, my parents spoke in hushed voices. Passage C: Then I started to work on my second novel. My mother heard from one of my sisters that I was writing about the dictatorship. . . . . . . Days later, my mother called me up to tell me she had just finished the novel. "You put me back in those days. It was like I was reliving it all," she said sobbing. "I don't care what happens to us! I'm so proud of you for writing this book." How does the author develop the central idea across these excerpts?

Alvarez shows how her lifelong fascination with her parents' life under the dictatorship was the basis for her writing.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Passage A: And so, long after we had left, my parents were still living in the dictatorship inside their own heads. Even on American soil, they were afraid of awful consequences if they spoke out or disagreed with authorities. The First Amendment right to free speech meant nothing to them. Silence about anything "political" was the rule in our house. Passage B: My mother, especially, lived in terror of the consequences of living as free citizens. In New York City, before Trujillo was killed, Dominican exiles gathered around the young revolutionary Juan Bosch planning an invasion of the Island. Every time my father attended these meetings, my mother would get hysterical. If the SIM found out about my father's activities, family members remaining behind were likely to be in danger. Even our own family in New York could suffer consequences. Which statement best analyzes how the author develops the central idea across the two passages?

Alvarez shows how her parents' fears about the dictatorship affected their thoughts and actions even when they lived in the United States.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Periodically, Trujillo would demand a tribute, and they would acquiesce. A tax, a dummy vote, a portrait on the wall. To my father and other men in the country, the most humiliating of these tributes was the occasional parade in which women were made to march and turn their heads and acknowledge the great man as they passed the review stand. If you did not march, your cédula would not be stamped, and without a stamped identification card, you could do nothing; in particular, you could not obtain your passport to leave the country under the pretext of wanting to study heart surgery. This was the second escape—this time with his whole family—that my father was planning. The day came when my mother had to march. The parade went on for hours in the hot sun until my mother was sure she was going to faint. Her feet were swollen and hurting. The back of her white dress was damp with sweat. Finally when she thought she could not go one more step, the grandstand came into sight, a clutter of dress uniforms, a vague figure on the podium. Which statement best analyzes how the author develops the central idea across the paragraphs?

Alvarez traces how Trujillo demanded the tributes, how her family reacted, and how it was finally her mother's turn to pay tribute

Which sentences contain dependent clauses? Select two options.

Alyssa is graduating next year, and so is my sister. We're leaving soon, so you'd better hurry if you want to go with us.

Read the excerpts from Does My Head Look Big in This? and Persepolis. Excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This?: My best friends, Leila Okulgen and Yasmeen Khan, moved on to a public high school close to Coburg, where they live. I begged my parents to let me go with them but Mom and Dad insisted that I go to a private school. I tried everything. At first I sucked up to them big time, making them coffee after dinner, offering to set the table before Mom had a chance to ask me, letting them watch PBS documentaries when I wanted to watch Big Brother. That didn't work. So I turned political, ranting about them perpetuating the snobby bourgeoisie power trip of our educational system which forges aristocratic divisions between social classes (I got that from a PBS documentary). Talk about having no compassion or social conscience. They just laughed at me and gave me a pile of literature about the school. Excerpt from Persepolis: Which statement is true about the narrators' different perspectives?

Amal and Marjane are both interested in taking what they have learned about politics and social class and applying it to their own situation.

Read the excerpts from Does My Head Look Big in This? and Persepolis. Excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This?: When I was in elementary school, different-colored socks were enough to get you teased. So when you're a non-pork-eating, Eid-celebrating Mossie (as in taunting nickname for Muslim, not mosquito) with an unpronounceable last name and a mother who picks you up from school wearing a hijab and Gucci shades and drives a car with an "Islam means peace" bumper sticker, a quiet existence is impossible. Excerpt from Persepolis: What different perspectives do the narrators' tones reveal?

Amal is not ashamed of her wealth, but Marjane is.

Read the passage. Paul seems to know everyone in this town, and is always amenable to a chat when I run into him. Paul's father, a docile man, works with him at the bookstore. Which statement best explains the nuance between amenable and docile?

Amenable suggests that Paul is an open, social person, while docile implies that his father is kind but quiet.

Read the sentence from an interpretive literary analysis. Amy Tan describes Jing-mei's mother's efforts to get her to become a prodigy: "I soon found out why Old Chong had retired from teaching piano. He was deaf." Which revision of this sentence most accurately uses a literary term?

Amy Tan points out the irony in Jing-mei's mother's efforts to get her to become a prodigy: "I soon found out why Old Chong had retired from teaching piano. He was deaf."

Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. "I shall not call in a native doctor." Nnaemeka's father was known to be obstinately ahead of his more superstitious neighbours in these matters. "I will not be another Mrs. Ochuba. If my son wants to kill himself let him do it with his own hands. It is not for me to help him." "But it was her fault," said Madubogwu. "She ought to have gone to an honest herbalist. She was a clever woman, nevertheless." "She was a wicked murderess," said Jonathan who rarely argued with his neighbours because, he often said, they were incapable of reasoning. "The medicine was prepared for her husband, it was his name they called in its preparation and I am sure it would have been perfectly beneficial to him. It was wicked to put it into the herbalist's food, and say you were only trying it out." What are the benefits of analyzing this passage from more than one perspective? Select two options.

Analyzing the passage from a feminist perspective would likely provide insights on how a woman like Mrs. Ochuba would be treated in the Ibo culture of that time. Analyzing the passage from a historical perspective would likely provide insights on how Ibo people of the time viewed native medicine.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. By the 1800s, it was clear that the Age of Sugar—that combination of enslavement, factories, and global trade—was replacing the Age of Honey, when people ate local foods, lived on the land of their ancestors, and valued tradition over change. Sugar was the product of the slave and the addiction of the poor factory worker—the meeting place of the barbarism of overseers such as Thomas Thistlewood and the rigid new economy. And yet, for that very reason, sugar also became the lynchpin of the struggle for freedom. When we talk about Atlantic slavery, we must describe sugar Hell; and yet that is only part of the story. Africans were at the heart of this great change in the economy, indeed in the lives of people throughout the world. Africans were the true global citizens—adjusting to a new land, a new religion, even to other Africans they would never have met in their homelands. Their labor made the Age of Sugar—the Industrial Age—possible. We should not see the enslaved people simply as victims, but rather as actors—as the heralds of the interconnected world in which we all live today. And indeed, it was when the enslaved Africans began to speak—in words and in actions—when Europeans began to see them as human, that the Age of Sugar also became the Age of Freedom. Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim and purpose?

And indeed, it was when the enslaved Africans began to speak—in words and in actions—when Europeans began to see them as human, that the Age of Sugar also became the Age of Freedom."

Read the passage and study the map from Sugar Changed the World. When the Haitians defeated the French armies, Napoleon lost control of the world's most productive sugar islands and with it his dream of great sugar profits. As a result, Napoleon had no use for the land in North America he had so recently obtained from Spain. Napoleon did, though, need money to pay for his wars. That is why he sold the vast Louisiana Territory to Jefferson for the bargain price of just fifteen million dollars. What textbooks call the Louisiana Purchase should really be named the Sugar Purchase. Americans obtained the middle part of what would become their nation because the Haitians achieved their freedom. But, paradoxically, that gave Haitian slave owners a new home. As sugar planters fled from the revolution in Haiti, some moved to Cuba's Oriente Province, others to North America—to Louisiana. How does the map help develop the central idea that the Louisiana Purchase had profound effects on sugar and the United States?

Answer is A

Read the passage from Animal Farm. That evening Squealer explained privately to the other animals that Napoleon had never in reality been opposed to the windmill. On the contrary, it was he who had advocated it in the beginning, and the plan which Snowball had drawn on the floor of the incubator shed had actually been stolen from among Napoleon's papers. The windmill was, in fact, Napoleon's own creation. Why, then, asked somebody, had he spoken so strongly against it? Here Squealer looked very sly. That, he said, was Comrade Napoleon's cunning. He had seemed to oppose the windmill, simply as a maneuver to get rid of Snowball, who was a dangerous character and a bad influence. Now that Snowball was out of the way, the plan could go forward without his interference. This, said Squealer, was something called tactics. He repeated a number of times, "Tactics, comrades, tactics!" skipping round and whisking his tail with a merry laugh. The animals were not certain what the word meant, but Squealer spoke so persuasively, and the three dogs who happened to be with him growled so threateningly, that they accepted his explanation without further questions. How does Orwell use Squealer's explanation to support his purpose?

Answer might be A?

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As he was fortunate, I rejoice at it. As he was valiant, I honour him. But as he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honour for his valour, and death for his ambition. What is the effect of Brutus's speech that claims that Caesar's ambition led to his death?

Antony exposes Brutus's folly by showing how Caesar did not seek to be king.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. ANTONY. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; The good is oft interrèd with their bones. So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious. If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hath Caesar answered it. What are the central ideas of this excerpt? Select two options.

Antony only wants to bury Caesar; he is not there to tell everyone how great Caesar was. The mistakes men make are remembered after their deaths, but their merits die with them.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. [ANTONY.] First, Marcus Brutus, will I shake with you— Next, Caius Cassius, do I take your hand— Now, Decius Brutus, yours;—now yours, Metellus;— Yours, Cinna;—and my valiant Casca, yours;— Though last, not last in love, yours, good Trebonius. Gentlemen all,—alas, what shall I say? My credit now stands on such slippery ground That one of two bad ways you must conceit me: Either a coward or a flatterer. That I did love thee, Caesar, O, 'tis true. If then thy spirit look upon us now, Shall it not grieve thee dearer than thy death, To see thy Antony making his peace, Shaking the bloody fingers of thy foes— Most noble!—In the presence of thy corse? What is the best summary of this monologue?

Antony shakes the hands of all the conspirators and says he knows that his love for Caesar puts him in an unstable position. Then he imagines that it would break Caesar's heart to see Antony making peace with his assassins.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. ANTONY. Post back with speed, and tell him [Octavius] what hath chanced. Here is a mourning Rome, a dangerous Rome, No Rome of safety for Octavius yet. Hie hence and tell him so.—Yet stay awhile. Thou shalt not back till I have borne this corpse Into the market-place. There shall I try In my oration how the people take The cruel issue of these bloody men; According to the which, thou shalt discourse To young Octavius of the state of things. Lend me your hand. [Exeunt with CAESAR's body] What is the best summary of this monologue?

Antony tells Octavius's servant to tell Octavius what has happened and to say that Rome is not safe for Octavius yet. Antony tells him to hurry, but then tells him to wait until after he takes Caesar's body to the marketplace to see how the people react to his eulogy.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. ANTONY. O pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, That I am meek and gentle with these butchers! Thou art the ruins of the noblest man That ever livèd in the tide of times. Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood! Over thy wounds now do I prophesy— Which like dumb mouths do ope their ruby lips To beg the voice and utterance of my tongue— A curse shall light upon the limbs of men; Domestic fury and fierce civil strife Shall cumber all the parts of Italy; Blood and destruction shall be so in use, And dreadful objects so familiar, That mothers shall but smile when they behold< Their infants quartered with the hands of war, All pity choked with custom of fell deeds; And Caesar's spirit, ranging for revenge, With Ate by his side come hot from hell, Shall in these confines with a monarch's voice Cry "Havoc!" and let slip the dogs of war, That this foul deed shall smell above the earth With carrion men, groaning for burial. What are the central ideas of this soliloquy? Select three options.

Antony wants Caesar to forgive him for being nice to his conspirators. Antony predicts that the land will be bloodied by men fighting men. Antony expects Caesar's ghost to seek retribution for the wrongs done.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 3, scene 2. ANTONY. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend1445 me your ears. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; The good is oft interrèd with their bones. So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious.1450 If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hath Caesar answered it. Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest— For Brutus is an honourable man, So are they all, all honourable men—1455 Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honourable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome,1460 Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill. Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,1465 And Brutus is an honourable man. You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition? Which conclusion does this excerpt best support?

Antony wants to make the people angry by defending Caesar.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. Even by the rule of that philosophy By which I did blame Cato for the death Which he did give himself—I know not how, But I do find it cowardly and vile For fear of what might fall so to prevent The time of life—arming myself with patience To stay the providence of some high powers That govern us below. Why does Shakespeare most likely use arming as opposed to a word like providing?

Arming suggests that Brutus will face whatever happens with strength.

Read the excerpt from act 1 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: Yes, but your father gave you the necessary funds. Nora: [smiling] Yes, that is what Torvald and all the others think, but— Mrs. Linde: But— Nora: Papa didn't give us a shilling. It was I who procured the money. Mrs. Linde: You? All that large sum? Nora: Two hundred and fifty pounds. What do you think of that? Mrs. Linde: But, Nora, how could you possibly do it? Did you win a prize in the Lottery? Nora: [contemptuously] In the Lottery? There would have been no credit in that. Mrs. Linde: But where did you get it from, then? Nora: [humming and smiling with an air of mystery]. Hm, hm! Aha! Mrs. Linde: Because you couldn't have borrowed it. Nora: Couldn't I? Why not? Mrs. Linde: No, a wife cannot borrow without her husband's consent. Nora: [tossing her head] Oh, if it is a wife who has any head for business—a wife who has the wit to be a little bit clever— How does this excerpt best develop the theme that society places limits on the roles of women?

As a woman, Nora cannot borrow money, but she does so behind her husband's back in order to save him.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Since sugar had to pass through many hands before it reached the fairs, it was expensive and hard to get. King Henry III of England, for example, liked sugar. Yet there was little he could do to satisfy his craving. He wrote to one official in 1226 asking if he could possibly obtain three pounds of the precious substance—at a cost of about 450 modern dollars. He later appealed to a mayor, hoping he might be able to get four more pounds of the rare grains. And finally, by 1243, he managed to buy three hundred pounds. The fairs lasted until the 1300s, when Venice came to dominate European trade with the Muslim world. The Venetians greatly expanded the sugar trade, so much so that a hundred years after Henry III's reign, the English were able to buy thousands of pounds of the sweet stuff each year. Which inference does this passage support?

As sugar became increasingly available to the English, they wanted to acquire even more of it.

What evidence from the text best supports the theme that society places limits on the roles of women? Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Helmer: Listen to her, Mrs. Linde! She had danced her Tarantella, and it had been a tremendous success, as it deserved—although possibly the performance was a trifle too realistic—a little more so, I mean, than was strictly compatible with the limitations of art. But never mind about that! The chief thing is, she had made a success—she had made a tremendous success. Do you think I was going to let her remain there after that, and spoil the effect? No, indeed! I took my charming little Capri maiden—my capricious little Capri maiden, I should say—on my arm; took one quick turn round the room; a curtsey on either side, and, as they say in novels, the beautiful apparition disappeared. An exit ought always to be effective, Mrs. Linde; but that is what I cannot make Nora understand. Pooh! this room is hot. [Throws his domino on a chair, and opens the door of his room.] Hullo! it's all dark in here. Oh, of course—excuse me—. - A) "She had danced her Tarantella, and it had been a tremendous success." B) "I took my charming little Capri maiden . . . on my arm." C) "An exit ought always to be effective, Mrs. Linde." D) "But that is what I cannot make Nora understand.

B) "I took my charming little Capri maiden . . . on my arm."

When are colons used? Select three options. - A) A colon separates clauses in a series. B) A colon signals that a list follows. C) A colon appears in 12-hour time notations. D) A colon is used after an introductory phrase. E) A colon follows the greeting in a formal letter.

B) A colon signals that a list follows. - and - C) A colon appears in 12-hour time notations. - and - E) A colon follows the greeting in a formal letter.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. On the day the coolies were to depart, each one was given a "tin ticket," an identification disk, hung around the neck or strapped to the arm. The enslaved Africans who were taken to the sugar plantations lost their names; they were meant to be pure property. The Indian indentures were lied to, they were tricked, they were no more than cheap labor to keep the plantations running—but they were still individuals. Each of their names was carefully recorded in account books. What claim do the authors make in this passage?

B) Indians retained some of their individuality by being able to keep their names.

How does the playwright use dialogue to develop the message in this passage? Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. LINDNER: Yes—that's the way we feel out in Clybourne Park. And that's why I was elected to come here this afternoon and talk to you people. Friendly like, you know, the way people should talk to each other and see if we couldn't find some way to work this thing out. As I say, the whole business is a matter of caring about the other fellow. Anybody can see that you are a nice family of folks, hard-working and honest I'm sure. (BENEATHA frowns slightly, quizzically, her head tilted regarding him.) Today everybody knows what it means to be on the outside of something. And of course, there is always somebody who is out to take advantage of people who don't always understand. WALTER: What do you mean? LINDNER: Well—you see our community is made up of people who've worked hard as the dickens for years to build up that little community. They're not rich and fancy people; just hard-working, honest people who don't really have much but those little homes and a dream of the kind of community they want to raise their children in. Now, I don't say we are perfect and there is a lot wrong in some of the things they want. But you've got to admit that a man, right or wrong, has the right to want to have the neighborhood he lives in a certain kind of way. And at the moment the overwhelming majority of our people out there feel that people get along better, take more of a common interest in the life of the community, when they share a common background. I want you to believe me when I tell you that race prejudice simply doesn't enter into it. It is a matter of the people of Clybourne Park believing, rightly or wrongly, as I say, that for the happiness of all concerned that our Negro families are happier when they live in their own communities. BENEATHA (with a grand and bitter gesture): This, friends, is the Welcoming Committee! WALTER (dumfounded, looking at LINDNER): Is this what you came marching all the way over here to tell us? . . . . RUTH: Lord have mercy, ain't this the living gall! - A) Beneatha's use of sarcasm shows how people can unintentionally hurt those they care about. B) Lindner's good manners and polite words show that segregation can be subtle and indirect. C) The rapid pace of Beneatha, Walter, and Ruth's dialogue shows that direct confrontation is the best way to resolve differences. D) Walter's questions and Ruth's exclamation develop the message that communication breakdowns are often the fault of both parties.

B) Lindner's good manners and polite words show that segregation can be subtle and indirect.

Which themes are best demonstrated by the evidence in this passage? Select TWO options. Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: I could not endure life without work. All my life, as long as I can remember, I have worked, and it has been my greatest and only pleasure. But now I am quite alone in the world—my life is so dreadfully empty and I feel so forsaken. There is not the least pleasure in working for one's self. Nils, give me someone and something to work for. - A) Mrs. Linde's need for Krogstad to give things to her demonstrates the theme "a lack of independence has costs." B) Mrs. Linde's desire to work to support her family demonstrates the theme "making sacrifices to support others is worth it." C) Mrs. Linde's view of her and Krogstad's family life demonstrates the theme "the family unit can oppress women." D) Mrs. Linde's view of her past decisions demonstrates the theme "a lack of love and family can make one feel purposeless." E) Mrs. Linde's choice to pursue a life supporting Krogstad demonstrates the theme "society demands women be caregivers."

B) Mrs. Linde's desire to work to support her family demonstrates the theme "making sacrifices to support others is worth it." - and - D) Mrs. Linde's view of her past decisions demonstrates the theme "a lack of love and family can make one feel purposeless."

What claim does Taney make in this passage? Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. Upon the whole, therefore, it is the judgment of this court, that it appears by the record before us that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen of Missouri, in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution; and that the Circuit Court of the United States, for that reason, had no jurisdiction in the case, and could give no judgment in it. Its judgment for the defendant must, consequently, be reversed, and a mandate issued, directing the suit to be dismissed for want of jurisdiction. - A) As a citizen of Missouri, Sanford can pursue a case against Scott. B) The Missouri circuit court does not have jurisdiction in the case against Sanford. C) Scott should pursue his case against Sanford in a state other than Missouri. D) Scott is a citizen of the United States, but not of the state of Missouri.

B) The Missouri circuit court does not have jurisdiction in the case against Sanford.

Which statement best describes the dramatic irony in this passage? Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Rank: Let me play for her. Helmer [getting up]. Yes, do. I can correct her better then. [RANK sits down at the piano and plays. NORA dances more and more wildly. HELMER has taken up a position beside the stove, and during her dance gives her frequent instructions. She does not seem to hear him; her hair comes down and falls over her shoulders; she pays no attention to it, but goes on dancing. Enter MRS. LINDE:] Mrs. Linde: [standing as if spell-bound in the doorway] Oh!— Nora: [as she dances] Such fun, Christine! Helmer: My dear darling Nora, you are dancing as if your life depended on it. Nora: So it does. Helmer: Stop, Rank; this is sheer madness. Stop, I tell you! [RANK stops playing, and NORA suddenly stands still. HELMER goes up to her.] I could never have believed it. You have forgotten everything I taught you. Nora: [throwing away the tambourine]. There, you see. Helmer: You will want a lot of coaching. Nora: Yes, you see how much I need it. You must coach me up to the last minute. Promise me that, Torvald! Helmer: You can depend on me. - A) The audience knows that the tarantella is supposed to be wildly fast, but Helmer does not. B) The audience knows that Nora is intentionally failing to dance correctly, but Helmer does not. C) The audience knows that Helmer does not know how to dance, but Nora does not know this. D) The audience knows that Doctor Rank loves Nora, but Helmer does not know that he does.

B) The audience knows that Nora is intentionally failing to dance correctly, but Helmer does not.

Which examples correctly use colons? Select two options. - A) I need to buy: milk, eggs, and bacon. B) To whom it may concern: C) These islands are on the tour: Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao. D) Let's all welcome Dimas Guzman: tonight's winner. E) We visited: France, Belgium, and Germany.

B) To whom it may concern: - and - C) These islands are on the tour: Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. In the sugar colonies, the wounds of slavery were never far beneath the surface. The Africans who had worked in sugar quickly left the plantations and tried to farm or moved to nearby towns. As one planter said, it made no sense to believe that "the Negro would become a grateful and cheerful free laborer on the soil which had been watered by his tears in slavery." But what could the former slaves do? Every Indian who accepted the paltry wages specified in the indenture contract lowered the price an African could charge for his labor. Which question does this passage answer most effectively?

B) Why did Africans leave the plantations to farm elsewhere?

Read the passage from an argumentative essay. (1) Bernie Sanders has argued that no one should have to pay tuition to go to college. (2) This will only increase the tax burden on the middle classes. To improve the relationship between ideas, the writer should revise sentence 2 by

B) adding "however" to the beginning of the sentence.

When analyzing an argument, which elements should you focus on most? Select three options. - A) counterclaim B) claim C) reasons D) dissent E) evidence

B) claim - and - C) reasons - and - E) evidence

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Underneath the clash over rights, laws, and work rules, there was a deeper truth that the planters were sensing: The Age of Sugar was ending. On the one hand, the work on the plantations was now guided by a web of laws and rules that even an Indian coolie like Bechu could use to challenge the owners. Workers were individuals, not property. On the other hand, world sugar prices were plummeting. Owners no longer had the economic clout of being a mainstay of the economy. Instead, smaller plantations were going bankrupt. The old ways were simply not working anymore. Why were sugar prices falling? Because of competition from another part of the world. The evidence in this passage could best be described as

B) logical evidence showing that sugar farming was changing because of laws and low prices.

Read the example. A phone rang in the concert hall the orchestra stopped playing. What common sentence-construction error does this show?

B) run-on sentence

Which element in this passage tells the reader who the characters are? Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: And when she heard you had been appointed manager of the Bank—the news was telegraphed, you know—she travelled here as quick as she could. Torvald, I am sure you will be able to do something for Christine, for my sake, won't you? Helmer: Well, it is not altogether impossible. I presume you are a widow, Mrs. Linde? Mrs. Linde: Yes. Helmer: And have had some experience of book-keeping? Mrs. Linde: Yes, a fair amount. Helmer: Ah! well, it's very likely I may be able to find something for you— Nora: [clapping her hands] What did I tell you? What did I tell you? Helmer: You have just come at a fortunate moment, Mrs. Linde. Mrs. Linde: How am I to thank you? Helmer: There is no need. [Puts on his coat.] But today you must excuse me— Rank: Wait a minute; I will come with you. [Brings his fur coat from the hall and warms it at the fire.] - A) the dialogue B) the speaker tags C) the stage directions D) the characters' actions

B) the speaker tags

What does the narrator's response to the setting reveal about his character? Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." After a time, I myself was allowed to go into the dead houses and search for metal. So I learned the ways of those houses—and if I saw bones, I was no longer afraid. The bones are light and old—sometimes they will fall into dust if you touch them. But that is a great sin. - A. He is pessimistic due to his experiences. B. He gains knowledge through experience. C. He always does what he is told. D. He will always remain extremely timid.

B. He gains knowledge through experience.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. (( BRUTUS. Let 'em enter. [Exit LUCIUS] )) Which statement best explains how Brutus's tragic flaw reveals the theme that citizens are persuaded by charismatic leaders?

Because Brutus is easily manipulated by others, he falls for Cassius's flattery and joins the conspiracy.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. It will be observed, that the plea applies to that class of persons only whose ancestors were negroes of the African race, and imported into this country, and sold and held as slaves. The only matter in issue before the court, therefore, is, whether the descendants of such slaves, when they shall be emancipated, or who are born of parents who had become free before their birth, are citizens of a State, in the sense in which the word "citizen" is used in the Constitution of the United States. . . . . . . The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States.

Because Dred Scott and his family were born in the United States, they are citizens with all the rights granted by the Constitution

Because Dred Scott and his family were born in the United States, they are citizens with all the rights granted by the Constitution.

Read the excerpts from Does My Head Look Big in This? and Persepolis. Excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This?: At Hidaya the hijab was part of the uniform. But I used to take it off as soon as I stepped outside the school gates because man oh man do you need guts to get on public transportation with it on. At the end of the school day the trains would be absolutely packed with schoolkids. I could keep wearing it if I hopped on with a group of Hidaya students because I wouldn't feel so exposed. But the problem was that I had to change trains to get home and there was no way I had the courage to go the distance alone with it on. Excerpt from Persepolis: 8703-05-02-25.png What do the tone and perspective of these excerpts reveal about the narrators' attitudes toward being different? Select three options.

Being different from everyone around you can be hard. Being different from everyone around you is a fact of life. Being different from everyone around you can cause separation.

Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. WALTER (as he dances with RUTH): You know, when these New Negroes have their convention— (Pointing at his sister.)—that is going to be the chairman of the Committee on Unending Agitation. (He goes on dancing, then stops.) Race, race, race! . . . Girl, I do believe you are the first person in the history of the entire human race to successfully brainwash yourself. (BENEATHA breaks up and he goes on dancing. He stops again, enjoying his tease.) Damn, even the N double A C P takes a holiday sometimes! (BENEATHA and RUTH laugh. He dances with RUTH some more and starts to laugh and stops and pantomimes someone over an operating table.) I can just see that chick someday looking down at some poor cat on an operating table and before she starts to slice him, she says . . . (Pulling his sleeve back maliciously.) "By the way, what are your views on civil rights down there? . . ." He laughs at her again and starts to dance happily. The bell sounds. BENEATHA: Sticks and stones may break my bones but . . . words will never hurt me! How does the playwright develop the theme in this passage?

Beneatha's reaction to Walter's teasing shows that even family members who see the world differently can get along with one another.

Read the excerpt from "The Story of a Warrior Queen." After Boadicea had been so cruelly and unjustly treated, she burned with anger against the Romans. Her heart was full only of thoughts of revenge. She called her people together, and, standing on a mound of earth so that they could see and hear her, she made a speech to them. She told them first how shamefully the Romans had behaved to her, their Queen. Then, like Caractacus, she reminded them how their forefathers had fought against Julius Caesar, and had driven the Romans away for a time at least. "Is it not better to be poor and free than to have great wealth and be slaves?" she asked. "And the Romans take not only our freedom but our wealth. They want to make us both slaves and beggars. Let us rise. O brothers and sisters, let us rise, and drive these robbers out of our land! Let us kill them every one! Let us teach them that they are no better than hares and foxes, and no match for greyhounds! We will fight, and if we cannot conquer, then let us die—yes, every one of us—die rather than submit." How does the archetype presented in the excerpt support the universal theme of freedom above life?

Boadicea's warrior archetype leads her to fight the Romans and die if necessary.

Which statement best describes the role of body language in a presentation?

Body language allows a presenter to interact with visuals and convey enthusiasm for the topic.

Read the excerpts from "The Royal House of Thebes" and "The Story of a Warrior Queen." Antigone and Ismene heard with horror what Creon had decided. To Ismene, shocking as it was, overwhelming her with anguish for the pitiful dead body and the lonely, homeless soul, it seemed, nevertheless, that nothing could be done except to acquiesce [to accept without protest]. She and Antigone were utterly alone. All Thebes was exulting that the man who had brought war upon them should be thus terribly punished. "We are women," she told her sister. "We must obey. We have no strength to defy the State." "Choose your own part," Antigone said. "I go to bury the brother I love." -"The Royal House of Thebes" "Is it not better to be poor and free than to have great wealth and be slaves?" she [Boadicea] asked. "And the Romans take not only our freedom but our wealth. They want to make us both slaves and beggars. Let us rise. O brothers and sisters, let us rise, and drive these robbers out of our land! Let us kill them every one! Let us teach them that they are no better than hares and foxes, and no match for greyhounds! We will fight, and if we cannot conquer, then let us die—yes, every one of us—die rather than submit." -"The Story of a Warrior Queen" How do the archetypes in these passages support the universal theme that one's values are worth risking one's life for?

Both Antigone and Boadicea are heroines who choose their values over their lives, knowing they may die in the process.

Read the two excerpts from act 3, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As he was fortunate, I rejoice at it. As he was valiant, I honour him. But as he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honour for his valour, and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a bondman? [ANTONY.] Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honourable man. You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And sure he is an honourable man. Which statement best compares the two monologues?

Both Brutus and Antony ask rhetorical questions to make points.

Read the workplace documents. Introducing Incur for Travel Reservations and Bookings Incur is a cloud-based travel and expense application. Employees are required to use Incur when booking travel and are encouraged to download the mobile application for tracking expenses and receipts when on the go. To set up your Incur account, contact Megan in accounting to request login credentials and a temporary password. Be sure to change your password when setting up your account. If you are unfamiliar with Incur, please first visit "Get Started with Incur - Incur Learning Services" at http://www.incurtraining.com/pr/get-started and watch the "Demonstration of Incur Travel and Expense" video located under the section "Learn the Basics." Links to other useful tutorials are located at the bottom of this page for quick and easy reference. Guidelines for Using Ground Transportation Unless traveling with a client, employees must use the most economical ground transit option available when traveling to and from airports, bus stations, and rail terminals. The following modes of ground transportation should always be considered first: Buses, subways, and taxis Ride-sharing services Personal cars** As explained in the Group Travel section of this document, employees traveling to the same location should share ground transportation to and from the airport whenever possible. **Private car services require management approval and should be used only when a more economical mode of transportation is not available. How do these documents work together to help a reader who is traveling for work?

Both documents give readers information about the rules for booking travel.

How is Nora's relationship with her husband the same as it was with her father?

Both molded her into what they wanted her to be.

Read the two passages from Sugar Changed the World. Slave owners fought back, arguing that owners should be able to list their slaves as property when they arrived in France and take them with them when they left. Though most parts of France agreed to this, lawmakers in Paris hesitated. Pierre Lemerre the Younger made the case for the slaves. "All men are equal," he insisted in 1716—exactly sixty years before the Declaration of Independence. To say that "all men are equal" in 1716, when slavery was flourishing in every corner of the world and most eastern Europeans themselves were farmers who could be sold along with the land they worked, was like announcing that there was a new sun in the sky. In the Age of Sugar, when slavery was more brutal than ever before, the idea that all humans are equal began to spread—toppling kings, overturning governments, transforming the entire world. Sugar was the connection, the tie, between slavery and freedom. Clarkson and others who believed as he did, who in the coming decades would be called abolitionists, realized that while that link gave the English a stake in slavery, it also gave the antislavery forces an opportunity. If they could reverse the flow—make the horrors of slavery visible to those who benefited from it—they might be able to end the vile practice forever. The abolitionists were brilliant. They created the most effective public relations campaign in history, inventing techniques that we use to this day. When he spoke, Clarkson brandished whips and handcuffs used on slaves; he published testimonials from sailors and ship doctors who described the atrocities and punishments on slave ships. When Olaudah Equiano published his memoir, he educated his readers about the horrors of the slave trade. And then, when the English began to understand what slavery really was, Clarkson and others organized what we would call a boycott of "the blood-sweetened beverage." Which statement best explains how the authors develop their claim across the two passages?

Both passages use evidence to show that knowledge of the extreme brutality of the sugar trade changed viewpoints about enslavement.

Read the two passages from Sugar Changed the World. Knowing that their slaves were likely to die by the time they reached their thirties, Louisiana sugar planters were extremely selective—they bought only healthy-looking young men in their late teens. On average, the men purchased in Louisiana were an inch taller than the people bought in the other slave states. Those teenagers made up seven to eight out of every ten slaves brought to America's sugar Hell. The others were younger teenage girls, around fifteen to sixteen years old. Their job, for the rest of their short lives, was to have children. Elizabeth Ross Hite knew that, for sure, "all de master wanted was fo' dem wimmen to hav children." Enslaved children would be put to work or sold. The overseer S.B. Raby explained, "Rachel had a 'fine boy' last Sunday. Our crop of negroes will I think make up any deficiencies there may be in the cane crop." That is, a master could sell any slaves who managed to live, if he needed more money than he could make from sugar. Jazz was born in Louisiana. Could it be that a population of teenagers, almost all of them male, were inspired to develop their own music as a way to speak, to compete, to announce who they were to the world? Bomba in Puerto Rico, Maculelê in Brazil, jazz in Louisiana—all gave people a chance to be alive, to be human, to have ideas, and dreams, and passions when their owners claimed they were just cogs in machinery built to produce sugar. The sugar workers in Hawaii were not enslaved—they chose to come. But they still lived hard lives: Hawai'i, Hawai'i I came seeing the dream But my tears now flow In the canefields When the Africans were brought to work in sugar, they had to form new families, learn new languages—they had to find ways to blend their new lives with what they recalled from their homelands. The holehole bushi hint at one way sugar workers have always found strength and comfort: My husband cuts the cane I carry the stalks from the field Together, the two of us We get by Which statement best explains how the authors develop their claim across the two passages?

Both passages use facts and details to support the claim that sugar workers in different places used music to express themselves and relieve the pressures of brutal work.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Slave labor was valuable because it produced cheap sugar that everyone wanted to buy. But if people stopped buying that sugar, the whole slave system would collapse. In the years leading up to the American Revolution, the women of New England refused to buy English products and English tea. The loss of income made London rescind some of the taxes it had imposed on America. Now this same tactic—boycotting—was used to fight slavery. Some 400,000 English people stopped buying the sugar that slaves grew and harvested. Instead, they bought loaves of sugar that carried a label that said, "Produced by the labor of FREEMEN"—the sugar came from India. When the English looked at the sugar they used every day, Clarkson and the other abolitionists made them see the blood of the slaves who had created it. The very fact that slave-made sugar was so popular made it harder for the English to ignore the reality of slavery. Sugar was a bridge—like the sneakers and T-shirts and rugs that, today, we know are made by sweatshop labor. If you wanted the product, abolitionists forced you to think about how it was made. Slavery—a practice as ancient as human civilization—was becoming unacceptable, a form of inhumanity people could no longer tolerate. Which sentence best states the authors' claim in this passage?

Boycotting was an effective and persuasive tool in the fight against slavery.

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. CASSIUS. Hath Cassius lived To be but mirth and laughter to his Brutus When grief and blood ill-tempered vexeth him? BRUTUS. When I spoke that, I was ill-tempered too. CASSIUS. Do you confess so much? Give me your hand. BRUTUS. And my heart too. CASSIUS. O Brutus! BRUTUS. What's the matter? CASSIUS. Have not you love enough to bear with me When that rash humour which my mother gave me Makes me forgetful? BRUTUS. Yes, Cassius, and from henceforth, When you are over-earnest with your Brutus, He'll think your mother chides, and leave you so. How does the characterization in this passage connect to its central idea?

Brutus and Cassius's honest sentiment and humor reflect the central idea of the importance of friendship.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. The exhalations whizzing in the air Give so much light that I may read by them. [Opens the letter and reads] "Brutus, thou sleep'st. Awake, and see thyself. Shall Rome, etc.? Speak, strike, redress."— "Brutus, thou sleep'st. Awake!" Such instigations have been often dropped Where I have took them up. "Shall Rome, etc.?" Thus must I piece it out: Shall Rome stand under one man's awe? What, Rome? My ancestors did from the streets of Rome The Tarquin drive when he was called a king. "Speak, strike, redress!" Am I entreated To speak and strike? O Rome, I make thee promise, If the redress will follow, thou receivest Thy full petition at the hand of Brutus! What effect does the letter have on Brutus?

Brutus decides to join the conspiracy to kill Caesar.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 3, scene 2. [BRUTUS.] If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As he was fortunate, I rejoice at it. As he was valiant, I honour him. But as he was ambitious, I slew him. Which paraphrase of the passage is the best?

Brutus explains that if people ask why he killed Caesar, he will tell them that it is not because he did not love Caesar, but because he loved Rome more. He asks the people, "Would you rather have Caesar alive, and we all die as slaves, or Caesar dead, and we die free?" He says he is sad because he and Caesar were friends. He honors Caesar's bravery, but Caesar was too ambitious, so he had to be killed.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. BRUTUS. Cassius, Be not deceived. If I have veiled my look, I turn the trouble of my countenance Merely upon myself. Vexèd I am Of late with passions of some difference,45 Conceptions only proper to myself, Which give some soil, perhaps, to my behaviours. But let not therefore my good friends be grieved— Among which number, Cassius, be you one— Nor construe any further my neglect50 Than that poor Brutus, with himself at war, Forgets the shows of love to other men. Which statement best summarizes the conflict in this passage?

Brutus has been acting strangely because he has a lot on his mind that is troubling him.

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] With this, she fell distraught, And, her attendants absent, swallowed fire. CASSIUS. And died so? BRUTUS. Even so. CASSIUS. O ye immortal gods! [Enter LUCIUS, with wine and taper] BRUTUS. Speak no more of her. Give me a bowl of wine. In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius. CASSIUS. My heart is thirsty for that noble pledge. Fill, Lucius, till the wine o'erswell the cup; I cannot drink too much of Brutus' love. [Exit LUCIUS. Enter TITINIUS, with MESSALA] BRUTUS. Come in, Titinius; welcome, good Messala. Now sit we close about this taper here, And call in question our necessities. CASSIUS. Portia, art thou gone? BRUTUS. No more, I pray you. What moral dilemma does Brutus confront in this excerpt?

Brutus lets go of his anger toward Cassius and forgives him.

Brutus must decide whether to help in the plot to kill Caesar.

Read the two excerpts from act 4, scene 3, and act 5, scene 5, of Julius Caesar. CASSIUS. Ha! Portia? BRUTUS. She is dead. CASSIUS. How scaped I killing when I crossed you so? O insupportable and touching loss! Upon what sickness? BRUTUS. Impatient of my absence, And grief that young Octavius with Mark Antony Have made themselves so strong—for with her death That tidings came. With this, she fell distraught, And, her attendants absent, swallowed fire. BRUTUS. Why this, Volumnius. The ghost of Caesar hath appeared to me Two several times by night—at Sardis once, And this last night, here in Philippi fields. I know my hour is come. VOLUMNIUS. Not so, my lord. BRUTUS. Nay, I am sure it is, Volumnius. Thou seest the world, Volumnius, how it goes. Our enemies have beat us to the pit, [Low alarums] It is more worthy to leap in ourselves Than tarry till they push us. Good Volumnius, Thou know'st that we two went to school together. Even for that, our love of old, I prithee, Hold thou my sword hilts, whilst I run on it. . . . So fare you well at once, for Brutus' tongue Hath almost ended his life's history. Night hangs upon mine eyes; my bones would rest, That have but laboured to attain this hour. . . . I prithee, Strato, stay thou by thy lord. Thou art a fellow of a good respect. Thy life hath had some smatch of honour in it. Hold then my sword, and turn away thy face While I do run upon it. Wilt thou, Strato? Which statement best compares Brutus's remarks at the death of his wife, Portia, to his words before his own death?

Brutus reacts more matter-of-factly about his own death than he does about Portia's.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. O ye gods, Render me worthy of this noble wife! [Knocking within] Hark, hark, one knocks. Portia, go in a while, And by and by thy bosom shall partake The secrets of my heart. All my engagements I will construe to thee, All the charactery of my sad brows. Leave me with haste. [Exit PORTIA] Which statement best explains Brutus's motivation in this scene?

Brutus wants to keep Portia out of the conspiracy to protect her.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. (( BRUTUS. O ye gods, Render me worthy of this noble wife!... )) Which statement best explains Brutus's motivation in this scene?

Brutus wants to keep Portia out of the conspiracy to protect her.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. CASSIUS. Ay, do you fear it? Then must I think you would not have it so. BRUTUS. I would not, Cassius; yet I love him well. But wherefore do you hold me here so long?90 What is it that you would impart to me? If it be aught toward the general good, Set honour in one eye and death i'th' other, And I will look on both indifferently; For let the gods so speed me as I love95 The name of honour more than I fear death. Which prediction about the plot does this passage most support?

Brutus will take his own life.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [PORTIA.] You've ungently, Brutus, Stole from my bed; and yesternight at supper You suddenly arose, and walked about Musing and sighing, with your arms across, And when I asked you what the matter was, You stared upon me with ungentle looks. I urged you further; then you scratched your head, And too impatiently stamped with your foot. Yet I insisted, yet you answered not, But with an angry wafture of your hand Gave sign for me to leave you. So I did, Fearing to strengthen that impatience Which seemed too much enkindled, and withal Hoping it was but an effect of humour, Which sometime hath his hour with every man. It will not let you eat, nor talk, nor sleep, And could it work so much upon your shape As it hath much prevailed on your condition, I should not know you Brutus. Dear my lord, Make me acquainted with your cause of grief. BRUTUS. I am not well in health, and that is all. PORTIA. Brutus is wise, and, were he not in health, He would embrace the means to come by it. . . . You have some sick offence within your mind Which by the right and virtue of my place, I ought to know of. And upon my knees, I charm you by my once-commended beauty, By all your vows of love, and that great vow Which did incorporate and make us one, That you unfold to me, your self, your half, Why you are heavy, and what men tonight Have had resort to you—for here have been Some six or seven, who did hide their faces Even from darkness. BRUTUS. Kneel not, gentle Portia. . . . You are my true and honourable wife, As dear to me as are the ruddy drops That visit my sad heart. What conflict does Portia describe in her interaction with Brutus?

Brutus's internal conflict about a secret plot

By contrasting the outcomes of Spartan and Roman conquests, Machiavelli provides evidence to support his claim that a prince must destroy a free city in order to hold it.

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: Because such an atmosphere of lies infects and poisons the whole life of a home. Each breath the children take in such a house is full of the germs of evil. Nora: [coming nearer him] Are you sure of that? Helmer: My dear, I have often seen it in the course of my life as a lawyer. Almost everyone who has gone to the bad early in life has had a deceitful mother. Nora: Why do you only say—mother? Helmer: It seems most commonly to be the mother's influence, though naturally a bad father's would have the same result. Every lawyer is familiar with the fact. This Krogstad, now, has been persistently poisoning his own children with lies and dissimulation; that is why I say he has lost all moral character. [Holds out his hands to her.] That is why my sweet little Nora must promise me not to plead his cause. Give me your hand on it. Come, come, what is this? Give me your hand. There now, that's settled. I assure you it would be quite impossible for me to work with him; I literally feel physically ill when I am in the company of such people. How does the author use the character of Helmer to develop the idea of gender inequality?

By rebuking deceitful mothers, Helmer demonstrates the belief that women's primary responsibility was raising children.

Read the excerpt from chapter 8 of The Travels of Marco Polo and study the map. [This] is an island lying about 1,000 miles south of Socotra. The people are Saracens who worship Mahomet. They have four sheikhs—that is to say, four elders—who exercise authority over the whole island. You must know that this island is one of the biggest and best in the whole world. It is said to measure about 4,000 miles in circumference. The people live by trade and industry. More elephants are bred here than in any other province; and I assure you that not so many elephant tusks are sold in all the rest of the world put together as in this island and that of Zanzibar. Which labeled location is the place where more elephants are bred than anywhere else, according to the excerpt?

C - Madagascar

What evidence from the passage best supports the theme that one's true nature is revealed in times of distress? Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Helmer [reeling]: True? Is this true, that I read here? Horrible! No, no—it is impossible that it can be true. Nora: It is true. I have loved you above everything else in the world. Helmer: Oh, don't let us have any silly excuses. Nora [taking a step towards him]: Torvald—! Helmer: Miserable creature—what have you done? Nora: Let me go. You shall not suffer for my sake. You shall not take it upon yourself. Helmer: No tragic airs, please. [Locks the hall door.] Here you shall stay and give me an explanation. Do you understand what you have done? Answer me! Do you understand what you have done? - A) "True? Is this true, that I read here?" B) "No, no—it is impossible that it can be true." C) "Miserable creature—what have you done?" D) "Here you shall stay and give me an explanation."

C) "Miserable creature—what have you done?"

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. When the novel came out, I decided to go ahead and risk her anger. I inscribed a copy to both Mami and Papi with a note: "Thank you for having instilled in me through your sufferings a desire for freedom and justice." I mailed the package and—what I seldom do except in those moments when I need all the help I can get—I made the sign of the cross as I exited the post office. Days later, my mother called me up to tell me she had just finished the novel. "You put me back in those days. It was like I was reliving it all," she said sobbing. "I don't care what happens to us! I'm so proud of you for writing this book." I stood in my kitchen in Vermont, stunned, relishing her praise and listening to her cry. It was one of the few times since l had learned to talk that I did not try to answer my mother back. If there is such a thing as genetic justice that courses through the generations and finally manifests itself full-blown in a family moment, there it was. How does the author develop the central idea across these paragraphs?

C) Alvarez explains how her mother's reaction to her novel provoked a rare moment of peace between them.

Which statement best describes an effective counterclaim to the claim in this passage? Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. It will be observed, that the plea applies to that class of persons only whose ancestors were negroes of the African race, and imported into this country, and sold and held as slaves. The only matter in issue before the court, therefore, is, whether the descendants of such slaves, when they shall be emancipated, or who are born of parents who had become free before their birth, are citizens of a State, in the sense in which the word "citizen" is used in the Constitution of the United States. . . . . . . The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. - A) Because Dred Scott's parents were born outside the United States, he is not considered to be a citizen with all the rights granted by the Constitution. B) Because Dred Scott was the child of enslaved people, he is considered to be of a different class than citizens, according to the Constitution. C) Because Dred Scott and his family were born in the United States, they are citizens with all the rights granted by the Constitution. D) Because Dred Scott lives in a free state, he is considered to be a citizen with all the rights granted by the Constitution.

C) Because Dred Scott and his family were born in the United States, they are citizens with all the rights granted by the Constitution.

Which statement best compares the two passages? Read the two passages from A Raisin in the Sun. Passage 1: RUTH: You know what I'm going to do soon as I get in that new house? BENEATHA: What? RUTH: Honey—I'm going to run me a tub of water up to here . . . (With her fingers practically up to her nostrils.) And I'm going to get in it—and I am going to sit . . . and sit . . . and sit in that hot water and the first person who knocks to tell me to hurry up and come out— BENEATHA: Gets shot at sunrise. RUTH (laughing happily): You said it, sister! Passage 2: MAMA (eying the box, which is obviously a gift): What is that? WALTER (taking it from RUTH and putting it on the table in front of MAMA): Well—what you all think? Should we give it to her? RUTH: Oh—she was pretty good today. MAMA: I'll good you— She turns her eyes to the box again. BENEATHA: Open it, Mama She stands up, looks at it, turns and looks at all of them, and then presses her hands together and does not open the package. WALTER (sweetly): Open it, Mama. It's for you. (MAMA looks in his eyes. It is the first present in her life without its being Christmas. Slowly she opens her package and lifts out, one by one, a brand-new sparkling set of gardening tools. WALTER continues, prodding.) Ruth made up the note—read it . . . MAMA (picking up the card and adjusting her glasses): "To our own Mrs. Miniver—Love from Brother, Ruth, and Beneatha." Ain't that lovely . . . TRAVIS (tugging at his father's sleeve): Daddy, can I give her mine now? WALTER: All right, son. (TRAVIS flies to get his gift.) MAMA: Now I don't have to use my knives and forks no more . . . - A) The first passage hints that the family members misunderstand one another, and the second passage confirms it. B) The first passage hints that the family members are easily distracted in conversations, and the second passage confirms it. C) Both passages show that the family members enjoy celebrating life's simple pleasures. D) Both passages show that the family members are poor but are generous with one another.

C) Both passages show that the family members enjoy celebrating life's simple pleasures.

Based on this passage, which statement is the best inference about Torvald's character? Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: What are little people called that are always wasting money? Nora: Spendthrifts—I know. Let us do as you suggest, Torvald, and then I shall have time to think what I am most in want of. That is a very sensible plan, isn't it? Helmer: [smiling] Indeed it is—that is to say, if you were really to save out of the money I give you, and then really buy something for yourself. But if you spend it all on the housekeeping and any number of unnecessary things, then I merely have to pay up again. Nora: Oh but, Torvald— Helmer: You can't deny it, my dear little Nora. [Puts his arm round her waist.] It's a sweet little spendthrift, but she uses up a deal of money. One would hardly believe how expensive such little persons are! Nora: It's a shame to say that. I do really save all I can. Helmer: [laughing] That's very true,—all you can. But you can't save anything! Nora: [smiling quietly and happily] You haven't any idea how many expenses we skylarks and squirrels have, Torvald. - A) He thinks that Nora is keeping secrets from him and chides her for lying. B) He is not very generous and does not want Nora to spend money. C) He loves his wife, but he treats her like a child rather than an adult. D) He does not know Nora well enough to know what to buy her.

C) He loves his wife, but he treats her like a child rather than an adult.

How does the interaction between the nurse and Nora advance the plot? Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nurse: What, out again? In this horrible weather? You will catch cold, ma'am, and make yourself ill. Nora: Well, worse than that might happen. How are the children? Nurse: The poor little souls are playing with their Christmas presents, but— Nora: Do they ask much for me? Nurse: You see, they are so accustomed to have their mamma with them. Nora: Yes, but, nurse, I shall not be able to be so much with them now as I was before. Nurse: Oh well, young children easily get accustomed to anything. Nora: Do you think so? Do you think they would forget their mother if she went away altogether? Nurse: Good heavens!—went away altogether? - A) It reveals that the nurse would make a better mother than Nora. B) It conveys that Nora does not trust what the nurse says. C) It demonstrates that Nora is considering leaving her children. D) It shows that Nora's children would be OK without her.

C) It demonstrates that Nora is considering leaving her children.

Read the sentence. Sami especially enjoyed the brownies, which were chewy, chocolatey, and jam-packed with crunchy walnuts. Which statement best explains how the underlined clause conveys meaning?

C) It is a relative clause describing the qualities of the brownies.

What conflict does Krogstad introduce? Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: [quickly] He mustn't get the letter. Tear it up. I will find some means of getting money. Krogstad: Excuse me, Mrs. Helmer, but I think I told you just now— Nora: I am not speaking of what I owe you. Tell me what sum you are asking my husband for, and I will get the money. Krogstad: I am not asking your husband for a penny. Nora: What do you want, then? Krogstad: I will tell you. I want to rehabilitate myself, Mrs. Helmer; I want to get on; and in that your husband must help me. For the last year and a half I have not had a hand in anything dishonourable, amid all that time I have been struggling in most restricted circumstances. I was content to work my way up step by step. Now I am turned out, and I am not going to be satisfied with merely being taken into favour again. I want to get on, I tell you. I want to get into the Bank again, in a higher position. Your husband must make a place for me— Nora: That he will never do! Krogstad: He will; I know him; he dare not protest. And as soon as I am in there again with him, then you will see! Within a year I shall be the manager's right hand. It will be Nils Krogstad and not Torvald Helmer who manages the Bank. Nora: That's a thing you will never see! Krogstad: Do you mean that you will—? Nora: I have courage enough for it now. Krogstad: Oh, you can't frighten me. A fine, spoilt lady like you— Nora: You will see, you will see. Krogstad: Under the ice, perhaps? Down into the cold, coal-black water? And then, in the spring, to float up to the surface, all horrible and unrecognisable, with your hair fallen out— Nora: You can't frighten me. Krogstad: Nor you me. People don't do such things, Mrs. Helmer. Besides, what use would it be? I should have him completely in my power all the same. Nora: Afterwards? When I am no longer— Krogstad: Have you forgotten that it is I who have the keeping of your reputation? [NORA stands speechlessly looking at him.] Well, now, I have warned you. Do not do anything foolish. When Helmer has had my letter, I shall expect a message from him. And be sure you remember that it is your husband himself who has forced me into such ways as this again. I will never forgive him for that. Goodbye, Mrs. Helmer. [Exit through the hall.] - A) Krogstad tells Nora that he has written a letter telling Helmer about her affair with the doctor. B) Krogstad refuses to forgive Helmer unless Nora finds a way to come up with more money. C) Krogstad tries to blackmail Nora into getting Helmer to keep him at the bank by exposing her forgery. D) Krogstad plans to take Helmer's job managing the bank and ruin Nora's reputation while doing so.

C) Krogstad tries to blackmail Nora into getting Helmer to keep him at the bank by exposing her forgery.

Which statement could best be used as an effective counterclaim to this claim? Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question then arises, whether the provisions of the Constitution, in relation to the personal rights and privileges to which the citizen of a State should be entitled, embraced the negro African race, at that time in this country, or who might afterwards be imported, who had then or should afterwards be made free in any State; and to put it in the power of a single State to make him a citizen of the United States, and endue him with the full rights of citizenship in every other State without their consent? Does the Constitution of the United States act upon him whenever he shall be made free under the laws of a State, and raised there to the rank of a citizen, and immediately clothe him with all the privileges of a citizen in every other State, and in its own courts? - A) States should decide who is free and who is not. B) A person who is free in one state cannot be a citizen. C) Taney cannot deny Scott citizenship because it is a federal right. D) Other states should have a say over one state's decision.

C) Taney cannot deny Scott citizenship because it is a federal right.

What is the dramatic irony in this passage? Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: Listen to me, Nora. You are still very like a child in many things, and I am older than you in many ways and have a little more experience. Let me tell you this—you ought to make an end of it with Doctor Rank. Nora: What ought I to make an end of? Mrs. Linde: Of two things, I think. Yesterday you talked some nonsense about a rich admirer who was to leave you money— Nora: An admirer who doesn't exist, unfortunately! But what then? Mrs. Linde: Is Doctor Rank a man of means? Nora: Yes, he is. Mrs. Linde: And has no one to provide for? Nora: No, no one; but— Mrs. Linde: And comes here everyday? Nora: Yes, I told you so. Mrs. Linde: But how can this well-bred man be so tactless? Nora: I don't understand you at all. Mrs. Linde: Don't prevaricate, Nora. Do you suppose I don't guess who lent you the two hundred and fifty pounds? - A) The audience knows that Nora and Doctor Rank are having an affair, but Nora denies it. B) The audience knows that Mrs. Linde is jealous of Nora, but Nora does not know this. C) The audience knows that Krogstad loaned Nora money, but Mrs. Linde does not know this. D) The audience knows that Doctor Rank loaned Nora money, but Nora denies this.

C) The audience knows that Krogstad loaned Nora money, but Mrs. Linde does not know this.

Which statement best describes how an author uses indirect characterization? - A) The author uses explicit statements to tell the audience about a character. B) The author uses scenery and lighting to tell the audience about a character. C) The author uses actions, thoughts, and speech to reveal character traits to an audience. D) The author uses other characters' thoughts to reveal character traits to an audience.

C) The author uses actions, thoughts, and speech to reveal character traits to an audience.

Which sentence correctly uses parallel structure? - A) The boss wants to know who can take the late shift tonight, open tomorrow morning, and who can work on the holiday. B) The boss wants to know who wants the late shift tonight, who can open tomorrow morning, and if you will work on the holiday. C) The boss wants to know who can take the late shift tonight, who can open tomorrow morning, and who can work on the holiday. D) The boss wants to know who can take the late shift tonight, who can open tomorrow morning, and which of us wants to work on the holiday.

C) The boss wants to know who can take the late shift tonight, who can open tomorrow morning, and who can work on the holiday.

Which sentence includes a restrictive clause? - A) I often see my middle school English teacher shopping at the mall. B) The English novelist Charles Dickens also wrote plays and articles. C) The ceramic cups Birgit bought at the garage sale are all chipped. D) American literature, which we study in 11th grade, is my favorite subject.

C) The ceramic cups Birgit bought at the garage sale are all chipped.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Workers could not leave the plantation unless they had a pass. And if they did decide to explore on their own, without permission, they could be thrown in jail, sentenced to hard labor, or lose some of their hard-earned wages. A charge of "idling" in the fields could result in the loss of a whole week's wages. Worse, if they dared rebel or protest, their contract could be transferred to another estate. And there were still complaints of flogging or mysterious deaths. Life, as the historian Hugh Tinker noted, was like being a prisoner on parole. Which question does this passage answer most effectively?

C) What was life actually like for indentured Indians?

How do the stage directions best support the theme that the truth can never be hidden? Select TWO options. Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Helmer [kissing her on the forehead]: Goodnight, my little singing-bird. Sleep sound, Nora. Now I will read my letters through. [He takes his letters and goes into his room, shutting the door after him.] Nora [gropes distractedly about, seizes HELMER'S domino, throws it round her, while she says in quick, hoarse, spasmodic whispers]: Never to see him again. Never! Never! [Puts her shawl over her head.] Never to see my children again either—never again. Never! Never!—Ah! the icy, black water—the unfathomable depths—If only it were over! He has got it now—now he is reading it. Goodbye, Torvald and my children! [She is about to rush out through the hall, when HELMER opens his door hurriedly and stands with an open letter in his hand.]

C) When Nora wraps her shawl around herself, she is attempting to hide from Helmer and symbolically keep her secrets hidden - and - E) When Helmer stands with the open letter, he is showing Nora that he knows of her actions and wants to confront her.

Which text evidence from the passage best supports the theme that technology can come with an environmental cost? Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." I looked out of another window—the great vines of their bridges were mended and god-roads went east and west. Restless, restless, were the gods and always in motion! They burrowed tunnels under rivers—they flew in the air. With unbelievable tools they did giant works—no part of the earth was safe from them, for, if they wished for a thing, they summoned it from the other side of the world. And always, as they labored and rested, as they feasted and made love, there was a drum in their ears—the pulse of the giant city, beating and beating like a man's heart. - A. "I looked out of another window—the great vines of their bridges were mended and god-roads went east and west." B. "They burrowed tunnels under rivers—they flew in the air." C. "No part of the earth was safe from them, for, if they wished for a thing, they summoned it from the other side of the world." D. "There was a drum in their ears—the pulse of the giant city, beating and beating like a man's heart."

C. "No part of the earth was safe from them, for, if they wished for a thing, they summoned it from the other side of the world."

Which words from "Monet's 'Waterlilies'" by Robert Hayden most appeals to the sense of sight? - A. "poisons the air" B. "I come again to see" C. "through refracting tears" D. "the seen, the known"

C. "through refracting tears"

Which words from "Monet's 'Waterlilies'" by Robert Hayden most appeals to the sense of sight? - A. "poisons the air" B. "I come again to see" C. "through refracting tears" D. "the seen, the known"

C. "through refracting tears"

Which details does the author include to describe the setting? Select two options. Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Sometimes signs are sent by bad spirits. I waited again on the flat rock, fasting, taking no food. I was very still—I could feel the sky above me and the earth beneath. I waited till the sun was beginning to sink. Then three deer passed in the valley going east—they did not mind me or see me. There was a white fawn with them—a very great sign. - A. "fasting, taking no food" B. "signs sent by bad spirits" C. "waited again on the flat rock" D. "did not mind me or see me" E. "the sun was beginning to sink"

C. "waited again on the flat rock" -and- E. "the sun was beginning to sink"

Which statement about this passage best explains that the village culture is patriarchal? Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. "Have you written to your dad yet?" asked Nene one afternoon as she sat with Nnaemeka in her room at 16 Kasanga Street, Lagos. "No. I've been thinking about it. I think it's better to tell him when I get home on leave!" "But why? Your leave is such a long way off yet—six whole weeks. He should be let into our happiness now." Nnaemeka was silent for a while, and then began very slowly as if he groped for his words: "I wish I were sure it would be happiness to him." "Of course it must," replied Nene, a little surprised. "Why shouldn't it?" "You have lived in Lagos all your life, and you know very little about people in remote parts of the country." "That's what you always say. But I don't believe anybody will be so unlike other people that they will be unhappy when their sons are engaged to marry." "Yes. They are most unhappy if the engagement is not arranged by them. In our case it's worse—you are not even an Ibo." This was said so seriously and so bluntly that Nene could not find speech immediately. In the cosmopolitan atmosphere of the city it had always seemed to her something of a joke that a person's tribe could determine whom he married.

C. Fathers in small villages arrange marriages for their children.

How does this passage define the traditional roles of men and women? Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. "Father," began Nnaemeka suddenly, "I have come to ask for forgiveness." "Forgiveness? For what, my son?" he asked in amazement. "It's about this marriage question." "Which marriage question." "I can't—we must—I mean it is impossible for me to marry Nweke's daughter." "Impossible? Why?" asked his father. "I don't love her." "Nobody said you did. Why should you?" he asked. "Marriage today is different . . ." "Look here, my son," interrupted his father, "nothing is different. What one looks for in a wife are a good character and a Christian background." Nnaemeka saw there was no hope along the present line of argument. "Moreover," he said, "I am engaged to marry another girl who has all of Ugoye's good qualities, and who . . ." His father did not believe his ears. "What did you say?" he asked slowly and disconcertingly. "She is a good Christian," his son went on, "and a teacher in a Girls' School in Lagos." "Teacher, did you say? If you consider that a qualification for a good wife, I should like to point out to you, Emeka, that no Christian woman should teach. St. Paul in his letter to the Corinthians says that women should keep silence."

C. Men make decisions, and women accept those decisions.

Which statement about historical context is most relevant to the passage? Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. In this conversation, Nnaemeka speaks first, and Nene speaks second. "You have lived in Lagos all your life, and you know very little about people in remote parts of the country." "That's what you always say. But I don't believe anybody will be so unlike other people that they will be unhappy when their sons are engaged to marry." "Yes. They are most unhappy if the engagement is not arranged by them. In our case it's worse—you are not even an Ibo." This was said so seriously and so bluntly that Nene could not find speech immediately. In the cosmopolitan atmosphere of the city it had always seemed to her something of a joke that a person's tribe could determine whom he married. At last she said, "You don't really mean that he will object to your marrying me simply on that account? I had always thought you Ibos were kindly disposed to other people." "So we are. But when it comes to marriage, well, it's not quite so simple. And this," he added, "is not peculiar to the Ibos. If your father were alive and lived in the heart of Ibibio-land he would be exactly like my father."

C. People in large cities and rural villages had different opinions of how people should choose marriage partners.

Which statement best explains the conflict revealed in the passage? Read the passage from "Two Kinds." Three days after watching The Ed Sullivan Show, my mother told me what my schedule would be for piano lessons and piano practice. She had talked to Mr. Chong, who lived on the first floor of our apartment building. Mr. Chong was a retired piano teacher and my mother had traded housecleaning services for weekly lessons and a piano for me to practice on every day, two hours a day, from four until six. When my mother told me this, I felt as though I had been sent to hell. I whined and then kicked my foot a little when I couldn't stand it anymore. "Why don't you like me the way I am? I'm not a genius! I can't play the piano. And even if I could, I wouldn't go on TV if you paid me a million dollars!" I cried. My mother slapped me. "Who ask you be genius?" she shouted. "Only ask you be your best. For you sake. You think I want you to be genius? Hnnh! What for! Who ask you!" "So ungrateful," I heard her mutter in Chinese, "If she had as much talent as she has temper, she would be famous now." - A. The conflict is internal within the narrator, who has to choose between playing music and going on television. B. The conflict is internal within the narrator's mother, who cannot decide whether her daughter is talented or not. C. The conflict is external and takes place between the narrator and her mother over whether the narrator will learn to play piano. D. The conflict is external and takes place between the narrator's mother and Mr. Chong over the payment for the narrator's piano lessons.

C. The conflict is external and takes place between the narrator and her mother over whether the narrator will learn to play piano.

How does the dialogue support the theme of the passage? Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." That is all of my story, for then I knew he was a man—I knew then that they had been men, neither gods nor demons. It is a great knowledge, hard to tell and believe. They were men—they went a dark road, but they were men. I had no fear after that—I had no fear going home, though twice I fought off the dogs and once I was hunted for two days by the Forest People. When I saw my father again, I prayed and was purified. He touched my lips and my breast, he said, "You went away a boy. You come back a man and a priest." I said, "Father, they were men! I have been in the Place of the Gods and seen it! Now slay me, if it is the law—but still I know they were men." - A. The dialogue supports the theme that wisdom comes from obeying one's parents, because it shows how the narrator has followed the same path as his father. B. The dialogue supports the theme that only the fittest survive, because it details how the narrator avoids being killed by the Forest People. C. The dialogue supports the theme that knowledge is gained by taking risks, because it illustrates that the narrator makes a discovery by breaking the rules. D. The dialogue supports the theme that learning the truth is not always easy, because it highlights that the narrator is upset by the idea that the gods were men.

C. The dialogue supports the theme that knowledge is gained by taking risks, because it illustrates that the narrator makes a discovery by breaking the rules.

Which statements best describe differences in the style of the two works? Read Rita Dove's poem "Sonnet in Primary Colors," then study Frida Kahlo's painting Self-Portrait with Monkey and Parrot. This is for the woman with one black wing perched over her eyes: lovely Frida, erect among parrots, in the stern petticoats of the peasant, who painted herself a present— wildflowers entwining the plaster corset her spine resides in, that flaming pillar— this priestess in the romance of mirrors. Each night she lay down in pain and rose to the celluloid butterflies of her Beloved Dead, Lenin and Marx and Stalin arrayed at the footstead. And rose to her easel, the hundred dogs panting like children along the graveled walks of the garden, Diego's love a skull in the circular window of the thumbprint searing her immutable brow. - A. The painting pays attention to details of Kahlo's physical appearance, while the poem does not. B. The poem portrays the painter as serious, while the painting does not. C. The poem reveals details that explain Kahlo's facial expressions, while the painting does not. D. The painting uses imagery that tells of Kahlo's connection to nature, while the poem does not.

C. The poem reveals details that explain Kahlo's facial expressions, while the painting does not.

Read the stanza from "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove. This is for the woman with __one_black_wing_perched_over her_eyes__: lovely Frida, erect among parrots, in the stern petticoats of the peasant, who painted herself a present— wildflowers entwining the plaster corset her spine resides in, that flaming pillar— this priestess in the romance of mirrors. Read the underlined phrase. What is the most likely reason the poet includes this metaphor?

C. to describe a prominent feature of Frida's face

Read the underlined phrase. What is the most likely reason the poet includes this metaphor? Read the stanza from "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove. This is for the woman with one black wing perched over her eyes: lovely Frida, erect among parrots, in the stern petticoats of the peasant, who painted herself a present— wildflowers entwining the plaster corset her spine resides in, that flaming pillar— this priestess in the romance of mirrors. - A. to tell about the way that Frida's hair moves B. to indicate that Frida has a keen sense of sight C. to describe a prominent feature of Frida's face D. to suggest that Frida has birdlike qualities

C. to describe a prominent feature of Frida's face

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. CAESAR. Calpurnia! CASCA. Peace, ho! Caesar speaks. CAESAR. Calpurnia! CALPURNIA. Here, my lord. CAESAR. Stand you directly in Antonio's way5 When he doth run his course.—Antonio! ANTONY. Caesar, my lord? CAESAR. Forget not, in your speed, Antonio, To touch Calpurnia, for our elders say The barren, touchèd in this holy chase,10 Shake off their sterile curse. Which ideas would best fit in a summary of this passage? Select two options.

Caesar asks Antony to give Calpurnia luck to conceive. Caesar and Calpurnia have not yet had children.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. (( [CAESAR.] So in the world: 'tis furnished well with men, And men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive; )) What is the best summary of this monologue?

Caesar refuses to reverse Cimber's banishment. He says that, although the world is full of reasonable men, he is the only one who stands firm, and he will stick by his sentence to prove it.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. CASCA. I know not what you mean by that, but I am sure265 Caesar fell down. If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, according as he pleased and displeased them, as they use to do the players in the theatre, I am no true man. BRUTUS. What said he when he came unto himself?270 CASCA. Marry, before he fell down, when he perceived the common herd was glad he refused the crown, he plucked me open his doublet and offered them his throat to cut. An I had been a man of any occupation, if I would not have taken him at a word,275 I would I might go to hell among the rogues. And so he fell. Which prediction about the plot does this passage most support?

Caesar will be killed by his people.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. (( CAESAR. I must prevent thee, Cimber. These couchings and these lowly courtesies )) What is the central idea of this excerpt?

Caesar will not reverse the exile of Cimber's brother in response to begging and flattery

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. CAESAR. I must prevent thee, Cimber. These couchings and these lowly courtesies Might fire the blood of ordinary men, And turn preordinance and first decree Into the law of children. Be not fond To think that Caesar bears such rebel blood That will be thawed from the true quality With that which melteth fools: I mean sweet words, Low-crookèd courtesies, and base spaniel fawning. Thy brother by decree is banished. If thou dost bend and pray and fawn for him, I spurn thee like a cur out of my way. Know Caesar doth not wrong but with just cause, Nor without cause will he be satisfied. What is the central idea of this excerpt?

Caesar will not reverse the exile of Cimber's brother in response to begging and flattery.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 1. [FLAVIUS.] See whether their basest mettle be not moved.60 They vanish tongue-tied in their guiltiness. Go you down that way towards the Capitol; This way will I. Disrobe the images, If you do find them decked with ceremonies. MARULLUS. May we do so?65 You know it is the feast of Lupercal. FLAVIUS. It is no matter; let no images Be hung with Caesar's trophies. I'll about, And drive away the vulgar from the streets: So do you too, where you perceive them thick. What do the images of disrobing statues of Caesar and taking down his trophies suggest about Caesar?

Caesar will soon be stripped of his position of power.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 1. (( [FLAVIUS.] See whether their basest mettle be not moved. 60 They vanish tongue-tied in their guiltiness. )) What do the images of disrobing statues of Caesar and taking down his trophies suggest about Caesar?

Caesar will soon be stripped of his position of power.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. [FLAVIUS.] See whether their basest mettle be not moved. 60 They vanish tongue-tied in their guiltiness. Go you down that way towards the Capitol; This way will I. Disrobe the images, If you do find them decked with ceremonies. MARULLUS. May we do so? 65 You know it is the feast of Lupercal. FLAVIUS. It is no matter; let no images Be hung with Caesar's trophies. I'll about, And drive away the vulgar from the streets: So do you too, where you perceive them thick. What do the images of disrobing statues of Caesar and taking down his trophies suggest about Caesar?

Caesar will soon be stripped of his position of power.

Read the excerpt from "Water Flowing from Toilet to Tap May Be Hard to Swallow." As California scrambles for ways to cope with its crippling drought and the mandatory water restrictions imposed last month by Gov. Jerry Brown, an array of ideas that were long dismissed as too controversial, expensive or unpleasant are getting a second look. One is to conserve more water; another is to turn nearby and abundant sources of water, like the Pacific Ocean, into drinking water through desalination. Yet another is to recycle the water Californians have already used. And therein lies a marketing challenge that can be even greater than the technological one. Which statement best summarizes the writer's claim?

California may have a hard time convincing residents to drink recycled wastewater.

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 3, of Julius Caesar. (( [CASSIUS.] Cassius from bondage will deliver Cassius... )) How does Cassius's proclamation affect Casca?

Casca says that he will also fight Caesar's rise to power.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. CASSIUS. Now, most noble Brutus, The gods today stand friendly, that we may, Lovers in peace, lead on our days to age. But since the affairs of men rest still incertain, Let's reason with the worst that may befall. If we do lose this battle, then is this The very last time we shall speak together: What are you then determinèd to do? What does Cassius's description of Brutus as noble rather than the synonym aristocratic tell us about his feelings toward Brutus?

Cassius calls him noble to suggest positive qualities such as dignity and generosity.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. [CASSIUS.] And this man Is now become a god, and Cassius is A wretched creature, and must bend his body If Caesar carelessly but nod on him.125 He had a fever when he was in Spain, And when the fit was on him, I did mark How he did shake. 'Tis true, this god did shake. His coward lips did from their colour fly, And that same eye whose bend doth awe the world130 Did lose his lustre. I did hear him groan: Ay, and that tongue of his that bade the Romans Mark him and write his speeches in their books, "Alas," it cried "Give me some drink, Titinius," As a sick girl. Ye gods, it doth amaze me60135 A man of such a feeble temper should So get the start of the majestic world, And bear the palm alone. According to this passage, why is Cassius so frustrated with Caesar?

Cassius cannot believe that a weakling like Caesar has become so great.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. According to this passage, why is Cassius so frustrated with Caesar?

Cassius cannot believe that a weakling like Caesar has become so great.

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 3, of Julius Caesar. CASSIUS. I know where I will wear this dagger then: Cassius from bondage will deliver Cassius. Given Cassius's statement about himself here, which hypothetical action would be an example of situational irony? Select two options.

Cassius ends up being a victim of Mark Antony's wrath. Cassius ends up causing the thing he tries to escape.

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." "This is a very strong dream," he said." It may eat you up." "I am not afraid," I said and looked at him with both eyes. My voice sounded thin in my ears but that was because of the smoke. He touched me on the breast and the forehead. He gave me the bow and the three arrows. "Take them," he said. "It is forbidden to travel east. It is forbidden to cross the river. It is forbidden to go to the Place of the Gods. All these things are forbidden." "All these things are forbidden," I said, but it was my voice that spoke and not my spirit. He looked at me again. "My son," he said. "Once I had young dreams. If your dreams do not eat you up, you may be a great priest. If they eat you, you are still my son. Now go on your journey." Which theme is best supported by the resolution described in this passage?

Change is necessary to achieve growth.

Which claim is the most effective for the argument that the minimum age to get a driver's license should be changed to 18?

Changing the minimum driving age to 18 would mean safer roads for everyone, since less-experienced drivers are more likely to have accidents.

How do conflicts throughout a story most affect the plot?

Conflicts lead to more plot events as well as character reactions.

Study the cartoon Modern Window Shopping by Nate Beeler. What meaning is revealed through the use of an analogy in this cartoon?

Consumers are trading retail store shopping for online shopping.

What evidence from the passage best supports the theme that society placed expectations on men and women based on gender? Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Helmer [walking up and down]: He had so grown into our lives. I can't think of him as having gone out of them. He, with his sufferings and his loneliness, was like a cloudy background to our sunlit happiness. Well, perhaps it is best so. For him, anyway. [Standing still.] And perhaps for us too, Nora. We two are thrown quite upon each other now. [Puts his arms round her.] My darling wife, I don't feel as if I could hold you tight enough. Do you know, Nora, I have often wished that you might be threatened by some great danger, so that I might risk my life's blood, and everything, for your sake. - A) "I can't think of him as having gone out of them. He, with his sufferings and his loneliness, was like a cloudy background to our sunlit happiness." B) "And perhaps for us too, Nora. We two are thrown quite upon each other now." C) "My darling wife, I don't feel as if I could hold you tight enough." D) "I have often wished that you might be threatened by some great danger, so that I might risk my life's blood, and everything, for your sake."

D) "I have often wished that you might be threatened by some great danger, so that I might risk my life's blood, and everything, for your sake."

What evidence from the text best supports the theme that it is important to have independence? Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Nora: Alas, Torvald, you are not the man to educate me into being a proper wife for you. Helmer: And you can say that! Nora: And I—how am I fitted to bring up the children? Helmer: Nora! Nora: Didn't you say so yourself a little while ago—that you dare not trust me to bring them up? Helmer: In a moment of anger! Why do you pay any heed to that? Nora: Indeed, you were perfectly right. I am not fit for the task. There is another task I must undertake first. I must try and educate myself—you are not the man to help me in that. I must do that for myself. And that is why I am going to leave you now. Helmer [springing up]: What do you say? Nora: I must stand quite alone, if I am to understand myself and everything about me. It is for that reason that I cannot remain with you any longer. - A) "Alas, Torvald, you are not the man to educate me into being a proper wife for you." B) "Didn't you say so yourself a little while ago—that you dare not trust me to bring them up?" C) "Indeed, you were perfectly right. I am not fit for the task." D) "I must stand quite alone, if I am to understand myself and everything about me."

D) "I must stand quite alone, if I am to understand myself and everything about me."

Which statement best compares the two passages? Read the two passages from A Raisin in the Sun. Passage 1: RUTH: Why don't you answer the door, man? WALTER (suddenly bounding across the floor to embrace her): 'Cause sometimes it hard to let the future begin! (Stooping down in her face.) I got wings! You got wings! All God's children got wings! He crosses to the door and throws it open. Standing there is a very slight little man in a not-too-prosperous business suit and with haunted frightened eyes and a hat pulled down tightly, brim up, around his forehead. . . . WALTER leans deep in the man's face, still in his jubilance. When I get to heaven gonna put on my wings, Gonna fly all over God's heaven . . . Passage 2: WALTER (turning madly, as though he is looking for WILLY in the very room): Willy! . . . Willy . . . don't do it . . . Please don't do it . . . Man, not with that money . . . Man, please, not with that money . . . Oh, God . . . Don't let it be true . . . (He is wandering around, crying out for WILLY and looking for him or perhaps for help from God.) Man . . . I trusted you . . . Man, I put my life in your hands . . . (He starts to crumple down on the floor as RUTH just covers her face in horror. MAMA opens the door and comes into the room, with BENEATHA behind her.) Man . . . (He starts to pound the floor with his fists, sobbing wildly.) THAT MONEY IS MADE OUT OF MY FATHER'S FLESH— - A) The first passage hints that Walter faces his fear, and the second passage indicates that he avoids it. B) The first passage hints that Ruth cannot understand Walter, and the second passage confirms it. C) Both passages show that Walter has an optimistic outlook on life. D) Both passages show how extreme Walter's emotions can be.

D) Both passages show how extreme Walter's emotions can be.

Read the two excerpts. "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre'" by Mark Memmott: Seventy-five years ago, thousands of Haitians were murdered in the Dominican Republic by a brutal dictator. It was one of the 20th Century's least-remembered acts of genocide. As many as 20,000 people are thought to have been killed on orders given by Rafael Trujillo. But the "parsley massacre" went mostly unnoticed outside Hispaniola. Even there, many Dominicans never knew about what happened in early October 1937. They were kept in the dark by Trujillo's henchmen. "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez: During my early teen years in this country, I knew very little about what was actually going on in the Dominican Republic. Whenever Ia situación on the island came up, my parents spoke in hushed voices. In December 1960, four months after our arrival, Time magazine reported the murder of the three Mirabal sisters, who along with their husbands had started the national underground Dominican Republic. My parents confiscated the magazine. To our many questions about what was going on, my mother always had the ready answer, "En boca cerrada no entran moscas." No flies fly into a closed mouth. Later, I found out that this very saying had been scratched on the lintel of the entrance of the SIM's torture center at La Cuarenta. Which statement best compares how the two authors address this topic?

D) Memmott presents facts about the dictatorship objectively, while Alvarez gives details about how it affected people.

What prediction does this excerpt best support? Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: When you introduced him to me yesterday, he declared he had often heard my name mentioned in this house; but afterwards I noticed that your husband hadn't the slightest idea who I was. So how could Doctor Rank—? Nora: That is quite right, Christine. Torvald is so absurdly fond of me that he wants me absolutely to himself, as he says. At first he used to seem almost jealous if I mentioned any of the dear folk at home, so naturally I gave up doing so. But I often talk about such things with Doctor Rank, because he likes hearing about them. Mrs. Linde: Listen to me, Nora. You are still very like a child in many things, and I am older than you in many ways and have a little more experience. Let me tell you this—you ought to make an end of it with Doctor Rank. - A) Helmer is going to become jealous of Doctor Rank. B) Nora will tell Doctor Rank that she does not love him. C) Nora will ask Doctor Rank for money to pay the debt. D) Mrs. Linde will accuse Nora of having an affair.

D) Mrs. Linde will accuse Nora of having an affair.

What does the audience know that Doctor Rank does not? Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Rank: And what other nice things am I to be allowed to see? Nora: Not a single thing more, for being so naughty. [She looks among the things, humming to herself.] Rank: [after a short silence] When I am sitting here, talking to you as intimately as this, I cannot imagine for a moment what would have become of me if I had never come into this house. Nora: [smiling] I believe you do feel thoroughly at home with us. Rank: [in a lower voice, looking straight in front of him] And to be obliged to leave it all— Nora: Nonsense, you are not going to leave it. Rank: [as before] And not be able to leave behind one the slightest token of one's gratitude, scarcely even a fleeting regret—nothing but an empty place which the first comer can fill as well as any other. Nora: And if I asked you now for a—? No! Rank: For what? Nora: For a big proof of your friendship— Rank: Yes, yes! Nora: I mean a tremendously big favour— Rank: Would you really make me so happy for once? Nora: Ah, but you don't know what it is yet. Rank: No—but tell me. Nora: I really can't, Doctor Rank. It is something out of all reason; it means advice, and help, and a favour— Rank: The bigger a thing it is the better. I can't conceive what it is you mean. Do tell me. Haven't I your confidence? Nora: More than anyone else. I know you are my truest and best friend, and so I will tell you what it is. Well, Doctor Rank, it is something you must help me to prevent. You know how devotedly, how inexpressibly deeply Torvald loves me; he would never for a moment hesitate to give his life for me. - A) Nora has been hiding her love for Doctor Rank. B) Nora does not trust Doctor Rank's sincerity. C) Nora will force Doctor Rank into helping her D) Nora is manipulating Doctor Rank for a favor.

D) Nora is manipulating Doctor Rank for a favor.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. My father and mother were once again trapped in a police state. They laid low as best they could. Now that they had four young daughters, they could not take any chances. For a while, that spark which has almost cost my father his life and which he had lighted in my mother seemed to have burnt out. Periodically, Trujillo would demand a tribute, and they would acquiesce. A tax, a dummy vote, a portrait on the wall. To my father and other men in the country, the most humiliating of these tributes was the occasional parade in which women were made to march and turn their heads and acknowledge the great man as they passed the review stand. What is the central idea in this paragraph?

D) The author's parents tried to get by in the dictatorship, but felt humiliated by the tributes they were forced to participate in.

What reason does Warren give for making the claim that comparing "tangible factors" is not enough to evaluate segregation? Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. In the instant cases, that question is directly presented. . . . There are findings below that the Negro and white schools involved have been equalized, or are being equalized, with respect to buildings, curricula, qualifications and salaries of teachers, and other "tangible" factors. Our decision, therefore, cannot turn on merely a comparison of these tangible factors in the Negro and white schools involved in each of the cases. We must look instead to the effect of segregation itself on public education. . . . Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performance of our most basic public responsibilities, even service in the armed forces. It is the very foundation of good citizenship. Today it is a principal instrument in awakening the child to cultural values, in preparing him for later professional training, and in helping him to adjust normally to his environment. In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. . . . To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. - A) Educational and physical facilities themselves are not actually equal. B) The state has promised to provide equal educational opportunities. C) Age and qualifications in public schools are a more reliable factor to examine. D) The real impact of racial segregation is emotional damage to minority students.

D) The real impact of racial segregation is emotional damage to minority students.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The Indian coolies and the ex-slaves, who resented these newcomers flooding into the colonies and driving down wages, were instant rivals. This was convenient for the planters—who were skilled at the game of divide and rule. The planters lumped their workers into two distinct but equally nasty stereotypes: Former slaves were described as lazy, whereas Indians were called meek, docile children. "You may have work and plenty of it for a black man and a coloured man, and they will not do it," claimed planter W. Alleyne Ireland. He conveniently ignored the fact that the ex-slaves wanted to work their own land, not labor for their former owners. The overseers praised the Indians' meekness but also held them in contempt. The Indian, one overseer claimed, "possesses the low, cringing and abject habit common to his nationality." What evidence do the authors include to support the central idea that Indian workers and formerly enslaved people became rivals?

D) logical evidence that Indian workers and formerly enslaved people did not get along with one another because wages went down

What fallacy can you identify and discredit to develop a counterclaim to this claim? Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them. - A) the idea that citizens have rights and privileges that are guaranteed in the Constitution B) the idea that noncitizens cannot claim certain rights and privileges in the Constitution C) the idea that the plaintiff considers himself a citizen and therefore has rights and privileges D) the idea that African American people are inferior based on perceptions from an earlier time

D) the idea that African American people are inferior based on perceptions from an earlier time

Which excerpt from this passage best supports the theme that traditions and laws must adapt to new times? Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." When I saw my father again, I prayed and was purified. He touched my lips and my breast, he said, "You went away a boy. You come back a man and a priest." I said, "Father, they were men! I have been in the Place of the Gods and seen it! Now slay me, if it is the law—but still I know they were men." He looked at me out of both eyes. He said, "The law is not always the same shape—you have done what you have done. I could not have done it my time, but you come after me. Tell!" - A. "When I saw my father again, I prayed and was purified" B. "You went away a boy. You came back a man and a priest" C. "Now slay me, if it is the law—but still I know they were men" D. "I could not have done it my time, but you come after me"

D. "I could not have done it my time, but you come after me"

Which sentence from the passage supports the theme that breaking the rules may be necessary for growth? Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." I went north—I did not try to hide myself. When a god or a demon saw me, then I would die, but meanwhile I was no longer afraid. My hunger for knowledge burned in me—there was so much that I could not understand. After a while, I knew that my belly was hungry. I could have hunted for my meat, but I did not hunt. It is known that the gods did not hunt as we do—they got their food from enchanted boxes and jars. Sometimes these are still found in the Dead Places—once, when I was a child and foolish, I opened such a jar and tasted it and found the food sweet. But my father found out and punished me for it strictly, for, often, that food is death. Now, though, I had long gone past what was forbidden, and I entered the likeliest towers, looking for the food of the gods. - A. "When a god or a demon saw me, then I would die, but meanwhile I was no longer afraid." B. "My hunger for knowledge burned in me—there was so much that I could not understand." C. "But my father found out and punished me for it strictly, for, often, that food is death." D. "I had long gone past what was forbidden, and I entered the likeliest towers, looking for the food of the gods."

D. "I had long gone past what was forbidden, and I entered the likeliest towers, looking for the food of the gods."

Which statement from "By the Waters of Babylon" provides the best example of how the physical environment shapes the character's actions? - A. "These are the rules and the laws; they are well made." B. "It was a dead man's house, a spirit house." C. "Sometimes signs are sent by bad spirits." D. "I tried to guide my raft with the pole but it spun around."

D. "I tried to guide my raft with the pole but it spun around."

Which statement best describes the similarities between the feminist and historical approaches to literary analysis

D. Both consider how cultural and political forces affect the literary work.

How do conflicts throughout a story most affect the plot? - A. Conflicts help describe settings and characters in great detail. B. Conflicts are a way to share characters' thoughts and feelings. C. Conflicts are used to introduce the resolution of the story. D. Conflicts lead to more plot events as well as character reactions.

D. Conflicts lead to more plot events as well as character reactions.

Which theme is reflected in this passage? Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Why should I lie about it? I am a priest and the son of a priest. If there are spirits, as they say, in the small Dead Places near us, what spirits must there not be in that great Place of the Gods? And would not they wish to speak? After such long years? I know that I felt myself drawn as a fish is drawn on a line. I had stepped out of my body—I could see my body asleep in front of the cold fire, but it was not I. I was drawn to look out upon the city of the gods. - A. Sons must try to follow their fathers. B. Men strive to speak to the spirit world. C. Maturity is a result of being courageous. D. Spiritual experiences can lead to greater understanding.

D. Spiritual experiences can lead to greater understanding.

What do readers learn about the narrator based on his reaction to the conflict? Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Then I saw the dead god. He was sitting in his chair, by the window, in a room I had not entered before and, for the first moment, I thought that he was alive. Then I saw the skin on the back of his hand—it was like dry leather. The room was shut, hot and dry—no doubt that had kept him as he was. At first I was afraid to approach him—then the fear left me. He was sitting looking out over the city—he was dressed in the clothes of the gods. His age was neither young nor old—I could not tell his age. But there was wisdom in his face and great sadness. You could see that he would have not run away. He had sat at his window, watching his city die—then he himself had died. But it is better to lose one's life than one's spirit—and you could see from the face that his spirit had not been lost. I knew, that, if I touched him, he would fall into dust—and yet, there was something unconquered in the face. - A. The narrator thinks that the gods are weak for having died like humans. B. The narrator feels a greater fear than before, now that he has seen a dead god. C. The narrator would have run away if he had been in the place of the god. D. The narrator has learned to respect the gods, even in death, rather than fear them.

D. The narrator has learned to respect the gods, even in death, rather than fear them.

What type of conflict occurs in the passage? Read the passage from "Two Kinds." I had assumed that my talent-show fiasco meant I never had to play the piano again. But two days later, after school, my mother came out of the kitchen and saw me watching TV. "Four clock," she reminded me as if it were any other day. I was stunned, as though she were asking me to go through the talent-show torture again. I wedged myself more tightly in front of the TV. "Turn off TV," she called from the kitchen five minutes later. I didn't budge. And then I decided. I didn't have to do what mother said anymore. I wasn't her slave. This wasn't China. I had listened to her before and look what happened. She was the stupid one. She came out from the kitchen and stood in the arched entryway of the living room. "Four clock," she said once again, louder. "I'm not going to play anymore," I said nonchalantly. "Why should I? I'm not a genius." She walked over and stood in front of the TV. I saw her chest was heaving up and down in an angry way. "No!" I said, and I now felt stronger, as if my true self had finally emerged. So this was what had been inside me all along. "No! I won't!" I screamed. - A. character vs. self B. character vs. nature C. character vs. society D. character vs. character

D. character vs. character

What structural element is apparent in this poem? Read the poem "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove. This is for the woman with one black wing perched over her eyes: lovely Frida, erect among parrots, in the stern petticoats of the peasant, who painted herself a present— wildflowers entwining the plaster corset her spine resides in, that flaming pillar— this priestess in the romance of mirrors. Each night she lay down in pain and rose to the celluloid butterflies of her Beloved Dead, Lenin and Marx and Stalin arrayed at the footstead. And rose to her easel, the hundred dogs panting like children along the graveled walks of the garden, Diego's love a skull in the circular window of the thumbprint searing her immutable brow. - A. repeating lines B. rhyme scheme C. regular meter D. stanzas

D. stanzas

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 1. CASSIUS. But it is doubtful yet, Whether Caesar will come forth today or no; For he is superstitious grown of late,750 Quite from the main opinion he held once Of fantasy, of dreams and ceremonies: It may be these apparent prodigies, The unaccustomed terror of this night, And the persuasion of his augurers,755 May hold him from the Capitol today. DECIUS. Never fear that. If he be so resolved I can o'ersway him; for he loves to hear That unicorns may be betrayed with trees, And bears with glasses, elephants with holes,760 Lions with toils, and men with flatterers; But when I tell him he hates flatterers; He says he does, being then most flattered. Let me work; For I can give his humour the true bent, And I will bring him to the Capitol.765 Which conclusion does this excerpt best support?

Decius strongly believes that he can get Caesar to go to the Capitol.

Read the meanings of the word bolt, then read the sentence. Definition 1. n., a screw for fastening Definition 2. n., a strike of lightning Definition 3. n., a bar that slides to lock something Definition 4. n., a roll of fabric or wallpaper Please make sure you latch the bolt on the window when you close it tonight. What is the meaning of bolt as it is used in this sentence?

Definition 3

Read the meanings of the word fold, then read the sentence. Definition 1. n., a crease in fabric or a piece of paper Definition 2. v., to bend Definition 3. n., a group of people with common beliefs Definition 4. v., to incorporate one food ingredient into another When making cake batter, it is important to fold the flour into the butter before adding the rest of the ingredients. What is the meaning of fold as it is used in this sentence?

Definition 4

Read the passage from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. Where four decades ago there was rubble, today in West Berlin there is the greatest industrial output of any city in Germany—busy office blocks, fine homes and apartments, proud avenues, and the spreading lawns of park land. Where a city's culture seemed to have been destroyed, today there are two great universities, orchestras and an opera, countless theaters, and museums. Where there was want, today there's abundance. . . . From devastation, from utter ruin, you Berliners have, in freedom, rebuilt a city that once again ranks as one of the greatest on earth. . . . In the 1950s, Khrushchev predicted: "We will bury you." But in the West today, we see a free world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human history. In the Communist world, we see failure, technological backwardness, declining standards of health, even want of the most basic kind—too little food. Even today, the Soviet Union still cannot feed itself. After these four decades, then, there stands before the entire world one great and inescapable conclusion: Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace. Freedom is the victor. Which statement best describes Reagan's main message for his audience in this excerpt?

Democracy leads to greater prosperity than communism does.

Read the passage from Animal Farm. But if there were hardships to be borne, they were partly offset by the fact that life nowadays had a greater dignity than it had had before. There were more songs, more speeches, more processions. Napoleon had commanded that once a week there should be held something called a Spontaneous Demonstration, the object of which was to celebrate the struggles and triumphs of Animal Farm. At the appointed time the animals would leave their work and march round the precincts of the farm in military formation, with the pigs leading, then the horses, then the cows, then the sheep, and then the poultry. The dogs flanked the procession and at the head of all marched Napoleon's black cockerel. Boxer and Clover always carried between them a green banner marked with the hoof and the horn and the caption, "Long live Comrade Napoleon!" Afterwards there were recitations of poems composed in Napoleon's honour, and a speech by Squealer giving particulars of the latest increases in the production of foodstuffs, and on occasion a shot was fired from the gun. The sheep were the greatest devotees of the Spontaneous Demonstration, and if anyone complained (as a few animals sometimes did, when no pigs or dogs were near) that they wasted time and meant a lot of standing about in the cold, the sheep were sure to silence him with a tremendous bleating of "Four legs good, two legs bad!" But by and large the animals enjoyed these celebrations. They found it comforting to be reminded that, after all, they were truly their own masters and that the work they did was for their own benefit. So that, what with the songs, the processions, Squealer's lists of figures, the thunder of the gun, the crowing of the cockerel, and the fluttering of the flag, they were able to forget that their bellies were empty, at least part of the time. How does the use of repetition support the theme in this passage?

Dictatorships can use repeated rituals as a distraction from oppression.

Dred Scott cannot sue in court because he is not a citizen.

Read the two excerpts. "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre " by Mark Memmott: The method his soldiers used in 1937 to try to identify those who would be killed was cruelly unique. When confronting someone in the lands along the border with Haiti, they would hold up a sprig of parsley and ask what it was. If the person responded by trilling the "r" in perejil (Spanish for parsley), he would be free to go. Anyone who didn't trill the "r" was thought to be a Haitian Creole speaker—and was likely to be killed. "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez: My father and mother were once again trapped in a police state. They laid low as best they could. Now that they had four young daughters, they could not take any chances. For a while, that spark which has almost cost my father his life and which he had lighted in my mother seemed to have burnt out. Periodically, Trujillo would demand a tribute, and they would acquiesce. A tax, a dummy vote, a portrait on the wall. To my father and other men in the country, the most humiliating of these tributes was the occasional parade in which women were made to march and turn their heads and acknowledge the great man as they passed the review stand. Which statements accurately compare the two passages? Select three options.

Each text describes how frightening it was to live under the dictatorship. Each text presents different information on the same topic. Each text presents different information from a different point of view.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Sugar was the connection, the tie, between slavery and freedom. In order to create sugar, Europeans and colonists in the Americas destroyed Africans, turned them into objects. Just at that very same moment, Europeans—at home and across the Atlantic—decided that they could no longer stand being objects themselves. They each needed to vote, to speak out, to challenge the rules of crowned kings and royal princes. How could that be? Why did people keep speaking of equality while profiting from slaves? In fact, the global hunger for slave-grown sugar led directly to the end of slavery. Following the strand of sugar and slavery leads directly into the tumult of the Age of Revolutions. For in North America, then England, France, Haiti, and once again North America, the Age of Sugar brought about the great, final clash between freedom and slavery. Which sentence best states the authors' claim in this passage?

Economic demand for sugar led to political pressure to end enslavement.

Read the conversation. CHAIRMAN REED. I'd like to call this meeting to order. Mr. Hollembeak, your willingness to meet with us today speaks to your openness and integrity in this investigation. I am looking forward to an honest and candid discussion. Members of the committee, please remember that we will reconvene in a closed session at 2 p.m. today to take a vote. Please hold your comments and questions until each statement has been read. Mrs. Louis, please begin. MRS. LOUIS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I begin by referring to my colleague's November 22nd testimony that the files being discussed were not properly encrypted and that their security may have been compromised. Were you aware of this at the time? MR. HOLLEMBEAK. I was not aware. Based on the findings of an internal review board that I established after my appointment in 2016, I concluded that my department's security protocol was up to date. MRS. LOUIS. I understand that you released a report of your findings on February 15th of last year. Am I correct? MR. HOLLEMBEAK. You are correct. CHAIRMAN REED. Do you have a copy of this report with you, Mr. Hollembeak? MR. HOLLEMBEAK. I do. I have it here. CHAIRMAN REED. Submitted for the record, Mr. Hollembeak's security report, dated February 15, 2016. What kind of moderator is Chairman Reed?

Effective. Chairman Reed is reminding participants of the rules for discussion, acknowledging Mr. Hollembeak's point of view, and asking him to support his point of view with facts.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. After the Egyptians crushed cut cane and captured the juice, they boiled and strained the liquid, let it settle, then strained it again. The cane juice was now poured into molds with holes in the bottom, so that all the liquid could drain out, leaving only a powder. That powder was then mixed with milk and boiled again. After one round of these steps, the process was repeated all over again. As a result of all this effort and care, Egypt was known for the "whitest and purest" sugar. Which statement best summarizes this passage?

Egyptians created an innovative process for refining white sugar.

Read Lola's argument that people need college degrees. It seems like every high school student is expected to go to college. Some teenagers resent the pressure this expectation puts on them. But we teens have to be realistic. A college degree is necessary in today's world. Most employers today require job applicants to have a college degree. Many jobs require specific skills acquired through college courses geared to that profession. Of course, not every job requires the exact subject matter you learned at college. But employers are looking for people with perseverance, analytical skills, and the ability to communicate. Those are the things you will learn during your years at college. What evidence does Lola provide to support her claim? Select two options.

Employers require a college degree for most jobs. Employers want new hires to have skills and traits acquired in college.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 1. BRUTUS. It must be by his death: and for my part I know no personal cause to spurn at him But for the general. He would be crowned: How that might change his nature, there's the question. It is the bright day that brings forth the adder,5 And that craves wary walking. Crown him that, And then I grant we put a sting in him That at his will he may do danger with. Th' abuse of greatness is when it disjoins Remorse from power. And to speak truth of Caesar . . .10 Which statement best describes the meaning of the imagery in the line "It is the bright day that brings forth the adder"? (An adder is a snake.)

Evil can come from good and cause much harm.

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." I told and he listened. After that, I wished to tell all the people but he showed me otherwise. He said, "Truth is a hard deer to hunt. If you eat too much truth at once, you may die of the truth. It was not idly that our fathers forbade the Dead Places." He was right—it is better the truth should come little by little. I have learned that, being a priest. Perhaps, in the old days, they ate knowledge too fast. Which theme is best reflected in the resolution of this excerpt?

Facing the truth is not an easy task.

Read the introduction to Samantha's argument... My friends like going to fast food restaurants... Which statement summarizes Samantha's claim?

Fast food restaurants would profit from offering vegan meals.

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. CASSIUS. To every new protester; if you know That I do fawn on men and hug them hard And after scandal them: or if you know That I profess myself in banqueting To all the rout: then hold me dangerous. [Flourish, and shout] Which statement best explains why Shakespeare has Cassius use the word fawn rather than a synonym such as flatter to describe his actions?

Fawn is more negative, suggesting manipulation of another for personal gain.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 1. COBBLER. Truly, sir, all that I live by, is with the awl: I meddle with no tradesman's matters, nor women's matters, but withal. I am indeed, sir, a surgeon to old shoes; when they are in great danger, I recover them. As proper men as ever trod upon25 neat's leather have gone upon my handiwork. FLAVIUS. But wherefore art not in thy shop today? Why dost thou lead these men about the streets? COBBLER. Truly, sir, to wear out their shoes to get myself into more work. But indeed, sir, we make holiday30 to see Caesar and to rejoice in his triumph. Which statements would best fit in a summary of this passage? Select three options.

Flavius wants to know why the cobbler is not working. The cobbler and others are celebrating Caesar's victory. Flavius want to know why commoners are in the streets.

Based on the cartoon, what statement would the cartoonist most likely agree with?

Football players face serious risks.

For example, it's easy to create a sizzling sound.

Read this paragraph from chapter 5 of The Prince. But when cities or countries are accustomed to live under a prince, and his family is exterminated, they, being on the one hand accustomed to obey and on the other hand not having the old prince, cannot agree in making one from amongst themselves, and they do not know how to govern themselves. For this reason they are very slow to take up arms, and a prince can gain them to himself and secure them much more easily. But in republics there is more vitality, greater hatred, and more desire for vengeance, which will never permit them to allow the memory of their former liberty to rest; so that the safest way is to destroy them or to reside there. Which option best states the main idea of the passage?

Former republics are more difficult to rule than hereditary states, and they will rebel if they are not tightly controlled.

Read this example of incorrect sentence structure. Gino is starring in the school play, it opens next week. Which revision best corrects the sentence?

Gino is starring in the school play, which opens next week.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The end of slavery was a great step for human rights. But what did it mean on the sugar plantations—which had depended on extremely cheap labor to keep up with the twenty-four-hour cycle from harvest to mill? In 1836, the same John Gladstone whose sugar estate had exhibited the chained body of the slave leader Quamina wrote to a shipping company. Gladstone asked it to provide a hundred workers (the slang name was "coolies") from India to labor on his plantations. Gladstone's first ships, the Whitby, carrying 249 passengers, and the Hesperus, carrying 244, sailed for Demerara in 1838. What evidence do the authors include to support the central idea that the sugar plantations' cheap labor source changed from enslaved people to indentured Indians?

Gladstone asked the shipping company to provide workers.

Read the passage from the old Chinese fairy-tale "The Favorite of Fortune and the Child of Ill Luck." But the beggar found his fortune, and at length became emperor. He returned and stood before his wife. She however, no longer recognized him: She only knew that he was the powerful emperor. He asked her how she were getting along. "Why do you ask me how I am getting along?" she replied. "I am too far beneath your notice." "And who may your husband be?" "My husband was a beggar. He went away to seek his fortune. That was eighteen years ago, and he has not yet returned." "And what have you done during all of those long years?" "I have been waiting for him to return." "Do you wish to marry someone else, seeing that he has been missing for so long?" "No, I will remain his wife until I die!" When the emperor saw how faithful his wife was, he told her who he was, had her clothed in magnificent garments, and took her with him to his imperial palace. Which theme is most likely conveyed in this passage?

Good things come to those who wait.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 1. FLAVIUS. But wherefore art not in thy shop today? Why dost thou lead these men about the streets? COBBLER. Truly, sir, to wear out their shoes to get myself into more work. But indeed, sir, we make holiday30 to see Caesar and to rejoice in his triumph. MARULLUS. Wherefore rejoice? What conquest brings he home? What tributaries follow him to Rome To grace in captive bonds his chariot wheels? You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!35 O, you hard hearts, you cruel men of Rome, Knew you not Pompey? Many a time and oft Have you climbed up to walls and battlements, To towers and windows, yea to chimney-tops, Your infants in your arms, and there have sat40 The livelong day, with patient expectation, To see great Pompey pass the streets of Rome. And when you saw his chariot but appear, Have you not made an universal shout, That Tiber trembled underneath her banks45 To hear the replication of your sounds Made in her concave shores? And do you now put on your best attire? And do you now cull out a holiday? And do you now strew flowers in his way,50 That comes in triumph over Pompey's blood? Be gone! Run to your houses, fall upon your knees, Pray to the gods to intermit the plague That needs must light on this ingratitude. FLAVIUS. Go, go, good countrymen, and, for this fault55 Assemble all the poor men of your sort; Draw them to Tiber banks, and weep your tears Into the channel, till the lowest stream Do kiss the most exalted shores of all. [Exeunt all the Commoners] Which quotations from this excerpt are examples of imagery? Select two options.

Have you not made an universal shout, / That Tiber trembled underneath her banks" "And do you now strew flowers in his way, / That comes in triumph over Pompey's blood?"

He has come prepared for the discussion. He is following protocol for the discussion. He is offering to support his point of view with further details.

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. Bear with me, good boy, I am much forgetful. Canst thou hold up thy heavy eyes a while, And touch thy instrument a strain or two? LUCIUS. Ay, my lord, an't please you. BRUTUS. It does, my boy. I trouble thee too much, but thou art willing. LUCIUS. It is my duty, sir. BRUTUS. I should not urge thy duty past thy might. I know young bloods look for a time of rest. LUCIUS. I have slept, my lord, already. BRUTUS. It was well done, and thou shalt sleep again. I will not hold thee long. If I do live, I will be good to thee. [Music, and a song] This is a sleepy tune. O murderous slumber, Lay'st thou thy leaden mace upon my boy, That plays thee music?—Gentle knave, good night; I will not do thee so much wrong to wake thee. If thou dost nod thou break'st thy instrument; I'll take it from thee, and, good boy, good night. Let me see, let me see, is not the leaf turned down Where I left reading? Here it is, I think. What does this interaction reveal about Brutus's character? Select two options.

He has trouble relaxing. He treats his servants humanely

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: What are little people called that are always wasting money? Nora: Spendthrifts—I know. Let us do as you suggest, Torvald, and then I shall have time to think what I am most in want of. That is a very sensible plan, isn't it? Helmer: [smiling] Indeed it is—that is to say, if you were really to save out of the money I give you, and then really buy something for yourself. But if you spend it all on the housekeeping and any number of unnecessary things, then I merely have to pay up again. Nora: Oh but, Torvald— Helmer: You can't deny it, my dear little Nora. [Puts his arm round her waist.] It's a sweet little spendthrift, but she uses up a deal of money. One would hardly believe how expensive such little persons are! Nora: It's a shame to say that. I do really save all I can. Helmer: [laughing] That's very true,—all you can. But you can't save anything! Nora: [smiling quietly and happily] You haven't any idea how many expenses we skylarks and squirrels have, Torvald. Based on this passage, which statement is the best inference about Torvald's character?

He loves his wife, but he treats her like a child rather than an adult.

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 1, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [Exit LEPIDUS] ANTONY. This is a slight, unmeritable man, Meet to be sent on errands. Is it fit, The three-fold world divided, he should stand One of the three to share it? OCTAVIUS. So you thought him, And took his voice who should be pricked to die, In our black sentence and proscription. ANTONY. Octavius, I have seen more days than you: And though we lay these honors on this man. To ease ourselves of divers sland'rous loads, He shall but bear them as the ass bears gold, To groan and sweat under the business, Either led or driven as we point the way; And having brought our treasure where we will, Then take we down his load, and turn him off, Like to the empty ass, to shake his ears And graze in commons. What does this interaction reveal about Antony's agenda?

He plans to remove Lepidus from power once he has served his purpose.

Iggy is revising the following excerpt from his research-based essay on the effectiveness of animal shelters. Behaviorists studied sheltered animals to determine whether these animals showed increased signs of stress. These clinicians hypothesized that behaviors such as whale eye are much more prevalent in shelter inhabitants. Which revisions should Iggy make to best anticipate the needs of his audience (high school students and teachers)? Select two options.

He should adjust his word choice to fit the audience. He should include extended definitions for more challenging vocabulary.

Read the excerpt from "The Crab That Played with the Sea." Now, while the two were talking together, Pau Amma the Crab, who was next in the game, scuttled off sideways and stepped into the sea, saying to himself, 'I will play my play alone in the deep waters, and I will never be obedient to this son of Adam.' Nobody saw him go away except the little girl-daughter where she leaned on the Man's shoulder. And the play went on till there were no more Animals left without orders; and the Eldest Magician wiped the fine dust off his hands and walked about the world to see how the Animals were playing. Which conclusion about Pau Amma does this excerpt support?

He thinks he is better than other animals.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question then arises, whether the provisions of the Constitution, in relation to the personal rights and privileges to which the citizen of a State should be entitled, embraced the negro African race, at that time in this country, or who might afterwards be imported, who had then or should afterwards be made free in any State; and to put it in the power of a single State to make him a citizen of the United States, and endue him with the full rights of citizenship in every other State without their consent? Does the Constitution of the United States act upon him whenever he shall be made free under the laws of a State, and raised there to the rank of a citizen, and immediately clothe him with all the privileges of a citizen in every other State, and in its own courts? The court thinks the affirmative of these propositions cannot be maintained. And if it cannot, the plaintiff in error could not be a citizen of the State of Missouri, within the meaning of the Constitution of the United States, and, consequently, was not entitled to sue in its courts. Why is Justice Taney's argument ineffective?

He uses a previous status of African Americans as evidence.

Read the paragraph from John F. Kennedy's inaugural address. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do—for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom—and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required—not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. Which statement best explains how Kennedy uses a rhetorical technique to support his message?

He uses parallelism to reach out to different countries around the world.

Read the excerpt from President Ronald Reagan's speech on the night before the 1980 presidential election. And many Americans today, just as they did 200 years ago, feel burdened, stifled and sometimes even oppressed by government that has grown too large, too bureaucratic, too wasteful, too unresponsive, too uncaring about people and their problems. Which statement best describes the rhetorical technique used in this excerpt?

He uses parallelism with the repetition of the word too.

Read the excerpt from "The Open Window." In the deepening twilight three figures were walking across the lawn towards the window; they all carried guns under their arms, and one of them was additionally burdened with a white coat hung over his shoulders. A tired brown spaniel kept close at their heels. Noiselessly they neared the house, and then a hoarse young voice chanted out of the dusk: "I said, Bertie, why do you bound?" Framton grabbed wildly at his stick and hat; the hall-door, the gravel-drive, and the front gate were dimly-noted stages in his headlong retreat. A cyclist coming along the road had to run into the hedge to avoid an imminent collision. "Here we are, my dear," said the bearer of the white mackintosh, coming in through the window; "fairly muddy, but most of it's dry. Who was that who bolted out as we came up?" "A most extraordinary man, a Mr. Nuttel," said Mrs. Sappleton; "could only talk about his illnesses, and dashed off without a word of good-bye or apology when you arrived. One would think he had seen a ghost." "I expect it was the spaniel," said the niece calmly; "he told me he had a horror of dogs. He was once hunted into a cemetery somewhere on the banks of the Ganges by a pack of pariah dogs, and had to spend the night in a newly dug grave with the creatures snarling and grinning and foaming just above him. Enough to make anyone lose their nerve." Romance at short notice was her specialty. How does the author use characterization to create satire?

He uses the niece's unexpected lies to highlight flaws in her character and those around her.

What would be Dr. Rank's costume at the next party? What should Nora's be?

He would be invisible; Nora would be Charmed Life (because she is always lucky) and would not need a costume

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: You never can tell what mischief these men may contrive. We ought to be so well off, so snug and happy here in our peaceful home, and have no cares—you and I and the children, Torvald! That is why I beg you so earnestly— Helmer: And it is just by interceding for him that you make it impossible for me to keep him. It is already known at the Bank that I mean to dismiss Krogstad. Is it to get about now that the new manager has changed his mind at his wife's bidding— Nora: And what if it did? Helmer: Of course!—if only this obstinate little person can get her way! Do you suppose I am going to make myself ridiculous before my whole staff, to let people think that I am a man to be swayed by all sorts of outside influence? I should very soon feel the consequences of it, I can tell you! And besides, there is one thing that makes it quite impossible for me to have Krogstad in the Bank as long as I am manager. Nora: Whatever is that? Helmer: His moral failings I might perhaps have overlooked, if necessary— Nora: Yes, you could—couldn't you? Helmer: And I hear he is a good worker, too. But I knew him when we were boys. It was one of those rash friendships that so often prove an incubus in afterlife. I may as well tell you plainly, we were once on very intimate terms with one another. But this tactless fellow lays no restraint on himself when other people are present. On the contrary, he thinks it gives him the right to adopt a familiar tone with me, and every minute it is "I say, Helmer, old fellow!" and that sort of thing. I assure you it is extremely painful for me. He would make my position in the Bank intolerable. What inference does the text best support?

Helmer's self-esteem is dependent on people believing that he is not influenced by his wife.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The Hindu writings tell us of a religion in which fire was extremely important. People believed that the gods gave fire to human beings. Yet fire was also a way for humans to reach the gods. By placing offerings in a special fire, a priest could turn them into smoke and send them on to the gods. Five ingredients were selected for this special burning: milk, cheese, butter, honey, and sugar cane. Which inference does this passage support?

Hindu people must have valued the five substances they used as sacrifices.

Paco's teacher has asked him to add a transition in the introduction to his argumentative essay in favor of abolishing tuition at public colleges. (1) Today, even many blue-collar, retail, and clerical jobs require applicants to have a college degree. (2) _____, going to college—even a public college—is becoming more and more expensive. (3) What's a student with little money to do? (4) The only way to make higher education accessible to students with low incomes is to abolish tuition at public colleges. Which expression should be added to sentence 2 to best clarify the relationships among Paco's ideas?

However

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. OCTAVIUS. Come, Antony, away! Defiance, traitors, hurl we in your teeth. If you dare fight to-day, come to the field. If not, when you have stomachs. What is the most likely reason Shakespeare chose the word hurl rather than throw?

Hurl suggests a more violent and powerful motion or action.

Which sentences would be effective thesis statements for a paragraph evaluating an argument? Select two options.

In her editorial, Mellie writes convincingly of the need for high school classes to begin later in the morning. Smith's argument in favor of tuition-free college education offers persuasive reasoning and authoritative evidence.

Which queries best evaluate sources for a research-based essay on the most effective types of physical activity? Select three options.

Is the author of this researched source unbiased? Does the source contain research that was conducted recently? Is the publisher of this source a valid and reliable source of information?

Read the excerpt from Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. What is the impact of the loaded language in this paragraph?

It calls attention to the urgency of the message.

What are the characteristics of an independent clause? Select three options.

It contains a subject and a verb. It expresses a complete thought. It can stand alone as a complete sentence.

Read the poem "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove. This is for the woman with one black wing perched over her eyes: lovely Frida, erect among parrots, in the stern petticoats of the peasant, who painted herself a present— wildflowers entwining the plaster corset her spine resides in, that flaming pillar— this priestess in the romance of mirrors. Each night she lay down in pain and rose to the celluloid butterflies of her Beloved Dead, Lenin and Marx and Stalin arrayed at the footstead. And rose to her easel, the hundred dogs panting like children along the graveled walks of the garden, Diego's love a skull in the circular window of the thumbprint searing her immutable brow. How does this poem resemble an Elizabethan sonnet?

It contains exactly 14 lines.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nurse: What, out again? In this horrible weather? You will catch cold, ma'am, and make yourself ill. Nora: Well, worse than that might happen. How are the children? Nurse: The poor little souls are playing with their Christmas presents, but— Nora: Do they ask much for me? Nurse: You see, they are so accustomed to have their mamma with them. Nora: Yes, but, nurse, I shall not be able to be so much with them now as I was before. Nurse: Oh well, young children easily get accustomed to anything. Nora: Do you think so? Do you think they would forget their mother if she went away altogether? Nurse: Good heavens!—went away altogether? How does the interaction between the nurse and Nora advance the plot?

It demonstrates that Nora is considering leaving her children.

Read the sentence. On days when I go jogging in the morning, my mind seems to process ideas faster, and my mood is more positive. How does the underlined clause add variety and meaning to the sentence? Select two options.

It describes the days being discussed. It creates a compound-complex sentence.

Read the sentence. The garden was enclosed by tall stone walls, which blocked out the noise and bustle of the city. Which statement best explains how the underlined clause conveys meaning?

It describes the effect of the tall stone walls.

Read the passage from "Two Kinds." And I started to play. It was so beautiful. I was so caught up in how lovely I looked that at first I didn't worry how I would sound. So it was a surprise to me when I hit the first wrong note and I realized something didn't sound quite right. And then I hit another and another followed that. A chill started at the top of my head and began to trickle down. Yet I couldn't stop playing, as though my hands were bewitched. I kept thinking my fingers would adjust themselves back, like a train switching to the right track. I played this strange jumble through two repeats, the sour notes staying with me all the way to the end. How is this passage an example of an internal conflict?

It describes the narrator's thoughts and feelings as she struggles through a poor performance.

Read the sentence. I like reading novels that bring to life events in history. Which statement best explains how the underlined clause conveys meaning?

It describes the type of novel the speaker likes.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: [goes on sewing. A short silence] Does Doctor Rank come here everyday? Nora: Everyday regularly. He is Torvald's most intimate friend, and a great friend of mine too. He is just like one of the family. Mrs. Linde: But tell me this—is he perfectly sincere? I mean, isn't he the kind of man that is very anxious to make himself agreeable? Nora: Not in the least. What makes you think that? Mrs. Linde: When you introduced him to me yesterday, he declared he had often heard my name mentioned in this house; but afterwards I noticed that your husband hadn't the slightest idea who I was. So how could Doctor Rank—? Nora: That is quite right, Christine. Torvald is so absurdly fond of me that he wants me absolutely to himself, as he says. At first he used to seem almost jealous if I mentioned any of the dear folk at home, so naturally I gave up doing so. But I often talk about such things with Doctor Rank, because he likes hearing about them. Mrs. Linde: Listen to me, Nora. You are still very like a child in many things, and I am older than you in many ways and have a little more experience. Let me tell you this—you ought to make an end of it with Doctor Rank. How does the conversation between Mrs. Linde and Nora affect the plot?

It has a major impact, because it hints at the doctor's feelings for Nora and her attempt at manipulation.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] And for Mark Antony, think not of him, For he can do no more than Caesar's arm When Caesar's head is off. How does this example of dramatic irony affect the audience?

It heightens suspense because Mark Antony is dangerous.

How does character motivation affect a story's plot?

It helps move the plot forward.

Read the text and review the chart. The standard plank test is an easy way to measure the strength and endurance of your core muscles. You can perform the test at home. All you need is a stopwatch and a partner. To perform the standard plank test: •Move into the plank position, positioning feet and hands on the floor as if doing a push-up. •Hold this "up" position as long as possible, being careful to keep your back straight and flat. •Have a partner time how long you can hold the pose. The timer should be stopped when your hips begin to sag or rise. How does the performance chart included in this document help clarify the standard plank test procedure?

It helps test takers interpret and evaluate their test results.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 1. BRUTUS Give me your hands all over, one by one. CASSIUS And let us swear our resolution. BRUTUS No, not an oath. If not the face of men,5 The sufferance of our souls, the time's abuse— If these be motives weak, break off betimes, And every man hence to his idle bed. So let high-sighted tyranny range on Till each man drop by lottery. But if these—10 As I am sure they do—bear fire enough To kindle cowards and to steel with valor The melting spirits of women, then, countrymen, What need we any spur but our own cause To prick us to redress? What other bond15 Than secret Romans that have spoke the word And will not palter? And what other oath Than honesty to honesty engaged, That this shall be, or we will fall for it? Swear priests and cowards and men cautelous,20 Old feeble carrions and such suffering souls That welcome wrongs. Unto bad causes swear Such creatures as men doubt. But do not stain The even virtue of our enterprise, Nor th' insuppressive mettle of our spirits,25 To think that or our cause or our performance Did need an oath, when every drop of blood That every Roman bears—and nobly bears— Is guilty of a several bastardy If he do break the smallest particle30 Of any promise that hath passed from him. How does this scene contribute to the plot?

It illustrates Brutus's resolve and commitment.

Read the stanza from "Monet's 'Waterlilies'" by Robert Hayden. O light beheld as through refracting tears. Here is the aura of that world each of us has lost. Here is the shadow of its joy. How does the imagery in the stanza contribute to the poem's overall meaning?

It illustrates a sense of misfortune.

How does the underlined sentence contribute to the theme that culture can limit our thinking?

It indicates that the aunt's portrayal of right and wrong is inauthentic and unconvincing.

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." "She did all that she was told, she was always truthful, she kept her clothes clean, ate milk puddings as though they were jam tarts, learned her lessons perfectly, and was polite in her manners." "Was she pretty?" asked the bigger of the small girls. "Not as pretty as any of you," said the bachelor, "but she was horribly good." There was a wave of reaction in favour of the story; the word horrible in connection with goodness was a novelty that commended itself. It seemed to introduce a ring of truth that was absent from the aunt's tales of infant life. How does the underlined sentence contribute to the theme that culture can limit our thinking?

It indicates that the aunt's portrayal of right and wrong is inauthentic and unconvincing.

Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. Moreover, the Mara Salvatrucha street gangsters, some deported from Los Angeles, always prowl the train tops looking for sleepers. Many MS gangsters settle in Chiapas after committing crimes in the United States and being expelled to their home countries in Central America. The police in Chiapas are more forgiving of gangs than those in El Salvador or Honduras. How does the meaning of the underlined word, prowl, support the author's purpose in this excerpt? Select two options.

It indicates that the gangsters are looking for vulnerable people. It supports the idea that the gangsters are involved in criminal activities.

Read the stanza from "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove. Each night she lay down in pain and rose to the celluloid butterflies of her Beloved Dead, Lenin and Marx and Stalin arrayed at the footstead. And rose to her easel, the hundred dogs panting like children along the graveled walks of the garden, Diego's love a skull in the circular window of the thumbprint searing her immutable brow. How does the underlined figurative language contribute to the meaning of the poem?

It indicates that the love Frida once felt has died.

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] Messala, I have here receivèd letters, That young Octavius and Mark Antony Come down upon us with a mighty power, Bending their expedition toward Philippi. MESSALA. Myself have letters of the selfsame tenor. BRUTUS. With what addition? MESSALA. That by proscription and bills of outlawry, Octavius, Antony, and Lepidus Have put to death an hundred senators. BRUTUS. Therein our letters do not well agree. Mine speak of seventy senators that died By their proscriptions, Cicero being one. CASSIUS. Cicero one! MESSALA. Ay, Cicero is dead, And by that order of proscription. How does this interaction affect the plot?

It informs the audience about events that took place off stage.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. THE WORLD'S FIRST TRUE UNIVERSITY Today, few people have heard of Jundi Shapur. But in its time, it was an exceptional university. Jundi Shapur was built in what is now Iran sometime between the 400s and mid-500s A.D. We can only guess the dates, but we do know more about the school. It was the meeting place of the world's great minds. In 529, Christians closed the school of Athens—the last link to the academies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. The remaining Greek scholars moved to Jundi Shapur. Jews joined them, as did a group of Christians called Nestorians, who had their own ancient and scholarly traditions. Persians added their voices, and one of their learned doctors set off for what is now India, to gather and translate the wisdom of the Hindus. The school created the very first teaching hospital in the world, a place where the sick were treated and young doctors learned their craft, as well as a fine observatory to track the heavens. At Jundi Shapur the best scholars west of China all gathered to think and study together. By the 600s, the doctors at the school were writing about a medicine from India named sharkara or, as the Persians called it, shaker—sugar. Indeed, scholars at Jundi Shapur invented new and better ways to refine cane into sugar. Since the school had links with many of the great civilizations of Asia, the Mediterranean, and Europe, word of sugar and the experience of tasting its special sweetness began to spread. How does the heading help the reader understand the central idea of this passage?

It informs the reader that the text will focus on a specific school.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. [FLAVIUS.] Go you down that way towards the Capitol; This way will I. Disrobe the images, If you do find them decked with ceremonies. MARULLUS. May we do so?65 You know it is the feast of Lupercal. FLAVIUS. It is no matter; let no images Be hung with Caesar's trophies. I'll about, And drive away the vulgar from the streets: So do you too, where you perceive them thick.70 These growing feathers plucked from Caesar's wing Will make him fly an ordinary pitch, Who else would soar above the view of men, And keep us all in servile fearfulness. [Exeunt] How does this scene most contribute to the plot?

It introduces opposition to Caesar.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. [FLAVIUS.] Go you down that way towards the Capitol; This way will I. Disrobe the images, If you do find them decked with ceremonies. MARULLUS. May we do so? 65 You know it is the feast of Lupercal. FLAVIUS. It is no matter; let no images Be hung with Caesar's trophies. I'll about, And drive away the vulgar from the streets: So do you too, where you perceive them thick. 70 These growing feathers plucked from Caesar's wing Will make him fly an ordinary pitch, Who else would soar above the view of men, And keep us all in servile fearfulness. [Exeunt] How does this scene most contribute to the plot?

It introduces opposition to Caesar.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Sugar is a taste we all want, a taste we all crave. People throughout the planet everywhere have been willing to do anything, anything at all, to get that touch of sweetness. We even know exactly how thrilling it was to taste sugar for the first time. When the Lewis and Clark Expedition met up with the Shoshone, who had little previous contact with Old World products, Sacagawea gave a tiny piece of sugar to a chief. He loved it, saying it was "the best thing he had ever tasted." Sugar created a hunger, a need, which swept from one corner of the world to another, bringing the most terrible misery and destruction, but then, too, the most inspiring ideas of liberty. Sugar changed the world. We begin that story with a man who could never know enough. How does the conclusion of the prologue support the authors' purpose? Select two options.

It introduces the topic that will be addressed next. It states why the topic is relevant to readers.

Read the sentence. The English novelist Virginia Woolf, who pioneered the use of stream of consciousness in fiction, was a prolific writer, and the influence of her fiction and nonfiction on her contemporaries was both powerful and pervasive. Which statements best describe this sentence? Select three options.

It is a compound-complex sentence. It contains a nonrestrictive clause. It links three clauses to add variety to a text.

Read the sentence. Gregor watched, assessing how Sasha was reacting to his news. Which statement best explains how the underlined clause conveys meaning?

It is a noun clause indicating what Gregor was doing.

What are the characteristics of a formal discussion? Select three options.

It is led in a methodical and procedural way. It uses specialized, subject-specific language. It requires preparation in the form of research or review.

How does the verb phrase "ran after" compare to "raced after"?

It is less vivid.

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." In a low, confidential voice, interrupted at frequent intervals by loud, petulant questionings from her listeners, she began an unenterprising and deplorably uninteresting story about a little girl who was good, and made friends with every one on account of her goodness, and was finally saved from a mad bull by a number of rescuers who admired her moral character. "Wouldn't they have saved her if she hadn't been good?" demanded the bigger of the small girls. It was exactly the question that the bachelor had wanted to ask. "Well, yes," admitted the aunt lamely, "but I don't think they would have run quite so fast to her help if they had not liked her so much." Which theme does this passage best support?

It is necessary to question authority.

Read the excerpt from Parvati's argument in favor of using cell phones in class. Today's cell phones are not just phones; they are little computers. That means they are effective research tools. Students can use them to access dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference materials. They can search for articles, videos, and images. In my civics class, our teacher even held mock elections, and we voted using our cell phones. What is the best evaluation of Parvati's evidence?

It is relevant and sufficient, because she gives convincing examples of how phones support classwork.

What is the best evaluation of Parvati's evidence?

It is relevant and sufficient, because she gives convincing examples of how phones support classwork.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 2. DECIUS. Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar. I come to fetch you to the Senate House. CAESAR. And you are come in very happy time To bear my greeting to the senators And tell them that I will not come today.65 Cannot is false, and that I dare not, falser. I will not come today; tell them so, Decius. CALPURNIA. Say he is sick. CAESAR. Shall Caesar send a lie? Have I in conquest stretched mine arm so far,70 To be afraid to tell greybeards the truth? Decius, go tell them Caesar will not come. What does the image of "in conquest stretched mine arm so far" suggest about the meaning of the passage?

It is ridiculous that a man of such accomplishment is afraid to tell the truth.

Sanjay is writing a rebuttal to this counterclaim. Teachers should not assign a heavy homework load because many high school students have jobs and their share of household chores. Which reason can Sanjay use to most effectively refute the counterclaim?

It is true that students often work and do household chores, but managing homework in addition to other responsibilities helps students learn to organize their time efficiently and prioritize their studies.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. [ANTONY.] For Brutus is an honourable man, So are they all, all honourable men— Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honourable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome, Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill. Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honourable man. You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And sure he is an honourable man. How is the word honourable used in the context of Antony's speech?

It is used as a negative and ironic word to describe Brutus.

How does the heading serve the authors' purpose?

It lets the reader know that the authors are going to describe how honey relates to the story of sugar.

Examine the page from a public service campaign website. Which statement best describes this public service campaign?

It makes ethical and emotional appeals to encourage bystanders to take action.

How does characterization support satire? Select three options.

It makes fun of human weaknesses through humorous characters. It exposes human flaws by exaggerating characters' weaknesses. It reveals a gap between belief and reality by making characters unaware of their weaknesses.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. OCTAVIUS. So I hope. I was not born to die on Brutus' sword. BRUTUS. O, if thou wert the noblest of thy strain, Young man, thou couldst not die more honourable. CASSIUS. A peevish schoolboy, worthless of such honour, Joined with a masquer and a reveller! ANTONY. Old Cassius still! How does the word peevish help the reader understand Cassius's feeling toward Octavius?

It reveals a deeper level of contempt when he insults Octavius.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 5, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and the background information on the allusion it contains. Excerpt: [BRUTUS.] It is more worthy to leap in ourselves Than tarry till they push us. Good Volumnius, Thou know'st that we two went to school together. Even for that, our love of old, I prithee, Hold thou my sword hilts, whilst I run on it. . . . So fare you well at once, for Brutus' tongue Hath almost ended his life's history. Night hangs upon mine eyes; my bones would rest, That have but laboured to attain this hour. . . . I prithee, Strato, stay thou by thy lord. Thou art a fellow of a good respect. Thy life hath had some smatch of honour in it. Hold then my sword, and turn away thy face While I do run upon it. Wilt thou, Strato? STRATO. Give me your hand first. Fare you well, my lord. BRUTUS. Farewell, good Strato. . . . Caesar, now be still: I killed not thee with half so good a will. Background information: The first book of Samuel in the Bible tells the story of Saul, who asks his armor-bearer to kill him when he is faced with defeat by religious enemies. When the man refuses, Saul falls on his sword rather than be captured by people who he is certain would not only kill him but also abuse him. How does the allusion in this excerpt from Julius Caesar affect the reader's understanding of the plot?

It shows that Brutus is afraid he will be tortured if he is still alive when his enemies arrive.

Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. During his first attempts north, a chance meeting saved Enrique from the worst of the gangs. As he set out on his trip, he noticed another teenager, a gangster named El Brujo, at the bus station in Honduras waiting to go to the Mexican border. Enrique doesn't like gangs. But as the two spent hours traveling through Honduras and Guatemala together, they became friends. On their first train ride through Chiapas, El Brujo introduced Enrique to a dozen other MS members, among them Big Daddy, who is skinny and short; El Chino (the Chinaman), who has slanted eyes; and El Payaso (the Clown), who has a big mouth and eyes. On subsequent trips, when he was deported, he always stuck with one of these gang members to protect himself from any attacks. The author uses the narrative technique of characterization in this excerpt. How does this technique support her purpose?

It shows that Enrique is resourceful.

Read the passage and study the drawing from Sugar Changed the World. How does the image most support the central idea of this text?

It shows the large numbers of workers and tasks required to refine sugar.

Read the text and review the nutritional chart. HEART-HEALTHY GREEN EGGS AND HAM ON THE GO A heart-healthy diet is low in sodium. Given that ham is very high in sodium, it should be used sparingly or replaced with a lower-sodium protein substitute. This easy recipe can help make that possible. Ingredients 32 oz. liquid egg whites 1 medium avocado 1 tsp. pepper 4 oz. low-sodium, low-fat ham, diced into small cubes Directions 1. Preheat the oven to 350°F. Place six 8-ounce disposable aluminum baking cups on a baking sheet. 2. In a medium bowl, briskly whisk together the egg whites, avocado, and pepper until they are very well combined and have a creamy texture. 3. Put half the ham in the baking cups. Pour in the egg white mixture. Top each cup with the remaining ham. 4. Bake for 20 to 25 minutes, or until the tops are lightly browned and the eggs are set. Remove the baking sheet from the oven. Let stand to cool. NUTRITION How does the graphic element in this recipe help support the text?

It shows the sodium quantity of the prepared recipe.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. No, Cassius, no: Think not, thou noble Roman, That ever Brutus will go bound to Rome. He bears too great a mind. But this same day Must end that work the ides of March begun; And whether we shall meet again I know not. Therefore our everlasting farewell take. Forever and forever farewell, Cassius. If we do meet again, why, we shall smile. If not, why then, this parting was well made. How does Shakespeare's use of the word everlasting most affect the meaning of this passage?

It suggests that they will not meet again.

Study the editorial cartoon Mars Probe by Mike Keefe. How does the alien with the baseball bat contribute to the effectiveness of the political cartoon?

It uses humor to show that unknown factors keep damaging the probes humans send.

Its negative connotation indicates that enslaved people had to work like robots instead of human beings.

A high school student has just won a science award from NASA, and the local paper is reporting on this accomplishment. Which headline would best indicate that the priority of the news source is to maintain credibility?

Jones High School Senior Wins NASA Award

Read the scenario. Amaya is taking a class that her sister Keiko took a few years ago. Amaya finds the notes and assignments that Keiko saved from her time in the class, and starts using them for her own assignments. Keiko becomes upset after learning that Amaya has done this. Which resolutions connect to the theme that real friends will usually do the right thing? Select two options.

Keiko confronts Amaya directly, which leads to Amaya apologizing. Amaya hands the papers back to Keiko and promises to tell the teacher.

Cleo is writing an essay arguing that her school should open at 8:30 a.m. instead of 7:30 because it would benefit the student body. Which claim is the most effective for her argument?

Kennedy High School should open at 8:30 a.m. instead of 7:30 because students would get an extra hour of sleep, improving their health and brain function.

Describe the conversation between Krogstad and Mrs. Linde. What is their history? How does he feel about their past? How does she feel about their past?

Krogstad and Mrs. Linde had a relationship. He feels that women leave their current significant others the moment someone better comes along. She couldn't wait for Krogstad to be successful.

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: We have a great deal to talk about. Krogstad: I shouldn't have thought so. Mrs. Linde: No, you have never properly understood me. Krogstad: Was there anything else to understand except what was obvious to all the world—a heartless woman jilts a man when a more lucrative chance turns up? Mrs. Linde: Do you believe I am as absolutely heartless as all that? And do you believe that I did it with a light heart? Krogstad: Didn't you? Mrs. Linde: Nils, did you really think that? Krogstad: If it were as you say, why did you write to me as you did at the time? Mrs. Linde: I could do nothing else. As I had to break with you, it was my duty also to put an end to all that you felt for me. Krogstad [wringing his hands]. So that was it. And all this—only for the sake of money! Mrs. Linde: You must not forget that I had a helpless mother and two little brothers. We couldn't wait for you, Nils; your prospects seemed hopeless then. Krogstad: That may be so, but you had no right to throw me over for anyone else's sake. Mrs. Linde: Indeed, I don't know. Many a time did I ask myself if I had the right to do it. How does Ibsen use dramatic irony to heighten suspense in this scene?

Krogstad is going to try to take his job back from Mrs. Linde, and the audience knows it, but Mrs. Linde does not know that this will happen.

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 1, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and the background information on the allusion it contains. Excerpt: [FLAVIUS.] See whether their basest mettle be not moved. They vanish tongue-tied in their guiltiness. Go you down that way towards the Capitol; This way will I. Disrobe the images If you do find them decked with ceremonies. MARULLUS. May we do so? You know it is the feast of Lupercal. FLAVIUS. It is no matter; let no images Be hung with Caesar's trophies. I'll about, And drive away the vulgar from the streets: So do you too, where you perceive them thick. These growing feathers plucked from Caesar's wing Will make him fly an ordinary pitch, Who else would soar above the view of men, And keep us all in servile fearfulness. Background information: In Rome, February 15 was Lupercalia, an annual festival celebrating the myth of the she-wolf that saved the lives of the infant twins Romulus and Remus. According to legend, the two boys became the founders of Rome. The festival is also said to have celebrated the god who protected flocks from hungry wolves. Which statement best explains the meaning added by the allusion in this excerpt?

Lupercal alludes to an important patriotic festival, and celebrating Caesar on Lupercal indicates his high position in Rome.

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 1, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and the background information on the allusion it contains. Which statement best explains the meaning added by the allusion in this excerpt?

Lupercal alludes to an important patriotic festival, and celebrating Caesar on Lupercal indicates his high position in Rome.

Machiavelli uses deductive reasoning by first introducing the conclusion that new rulers must be cruel and then supporting it with evidence.

Machiavelli uses logical evidence to assert that it is acceptable for new princes to use cruelty.

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. Malia and her colleagues are discussing ways to improve hiring practices. Malia thinks that their company does not do a very good job at recruiting or interviewing skilled candidates, so she has researched effective hiring practices and has brought lots of ideas with her. Malia offers the information she has brought with her. She listens carefully to her colleagues' concerns and answers questions. She uses new terminology she learned in her research. Which statement best describes what kind of presenter Malia is?

Malia is an effective presenter because she shares ideas supported by research, and she listens and responds to other members.

Marcus and his classmates are discussing a novel in class. Which discussion observations most suggest that Marcus has prepared before presenting his point of view to the group? Select two options.

Marcus has brought the novel to use as a reference. Marcus supports his opinions with evidence from the text.

Read the passage from act 5, scene 4, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. LUCILLIUS. Only I yield to die. There is so much, that thou wilt kill me straight: [Offering money] Kill Brutus, and be honoured in his death. FIRST SOLDIER. We must not.—A noble prisoner! SECOND SOLDIER. Room, ho! Tell Antony, Brutus is ta'en. FIRST SOLDIER. I'll tell the news. Here comes the general.— [Enter ANTONY] Brutus is ta'en, Brutus is ta'en, my lord. ANTONY. Where is he? LUCILLIUS. Safe, Antony, Brutus is safe enough. I dare assure thee that no enemy Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus. The gods defend him from so great a shame. When you do find him, or alive or dead, He will be found like Brutus, like himself. ANTONY. This is not Brutus, friend, but, I assure you, A prize no less in worth. Keep this man safe. Give him all kindness. I had rather have Such men my friends than enemies. Go on, And see whether Brutus be alive or dead, And bring us word unto Octavius' tent How everything is chanced. [Exeunt] Which statement best explains how a catastrophe reveals the theme that loyalty to the republic is more important than loyalty to friends?

Mark Antony understands that Brutus killed Caesar to protect the republic, so he wants Brutus kept alive.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 1. DECIUS. Shall no man else be touched, but only Caesar? CASSIUS. Decius, well urged. I think it is not meet Mark Antony, so well beloved of Caesar, Should outlive Caesar. We shall find of him A shrewd contriver. And you know his means,35 If he improve them, may well stretch so far As to annoy us all; which to prevent, Let Antony and Caesar fall together. BRUTUS. Our course will seem too bloody, Caius Cassius, To cut the head off and then hack the limbs,40 Like wrath in death and envy afterwards— For Antony is but a limb of Caesar. Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers, Caius. We all stand up against the spirit of Caesar, And in the spirit of men there is no blood.45 O, that we then could come by Caesar's spirit, And not dismember Caesar! But, alas, Caesar must bleed for it. And, gentle friends, Let's kill him boldly, but not wrathfully. Let's carve him as a dish fit for the gods,50 Not hew him as a carcass fit for hounds. And let our hearts, as subtle masters do, Stir up their servants to an act of rage, And after seem to chide 'em. This shall make Our purpose necessary, and not envious,55 Which so appearing to the common eyes, We shall be called purgers, not murderers. And for Mark Antony, think not of him, For he can do no more than Caesar's arm When Caesar's head is off.60 Which conclusion does this excerpt best support?

Mark Antony's life will be spared because he will be useless without Caesar.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 1. DECIUS. Shall no man else be touched, but only Caesar? CASSIUS. Decius, well urged. I think it is not meet Mark Antony, so well beloved of Caesar, Should outlive Caesar. We shall find of him A shrewd contriver. And you know his means, 35 If he improve them, may well stretch so far As to annoy us all; which to prevent, Let Antony and Caesar fall together. BRUTUS. Our course will seem too bloody, Caius Cassius, To cut the head off and then hack the limbs, 40 Like wrath in death and envy afterwards— For Antony is but a limb of Caesar. Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers, Caius. We all stand up against the spirit of Caesar, And in the spirit of men there is no blood. 45 O, that we then could come by Caesar's spirit, And not dismember Caesar! But, alas, Caesar must bleed for it. And, gentle friends, Let's kill him boldly, but not wrathfully. Let's carve him as a dish fit for the gods, 50 Not hew him as a carcass fit for hounds. And let our hearts, as subtle masters do, Stir up their servants to an act of rage, And after seem to chide 'em. This shall make; Our purpose necessary, and not envious, 55 Which so appearing to the common eyes, We shall be called purgers, not murderers. And for Mark Antony, think not of him, For he can do no more than Caesar's arm When Caesar's head is off. 60 Which conclusion does this excerpt best support?

Mark Antony's life will be spared because he will be useless without Caesar.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 1. MARULLUS. Wherefore rejoice? What conquest brings he home? What tributaries follow him to Rome To grace in captive bonds his chariot wheels? You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things! 35 O, you hard hearts, you cruel men of Rome, Knew you not Pompey? Many a time and oft Have you climbed up to walls and battlements, To towers and windows, yea, to chimney-tops, Your infants in your arms, and there have sat 40 The livelong day, with patient expectation, To see great Pompey pass the streets of Rome. Which summary of the passage is the best?

Marullus regrets that the people are celebrating Caesar and is insulted that they forgot how they used to praise Pompey.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. CASSIUS. Messala. MESSALA, standing forth. What says my general? CASSIUS. Messala, This is my birthday; as this very day Was Cassius born. Give me thy hand, Messala. Be thou my witness that, against my will, As Pompey was, am I compelled to set Upon one battle all our liberties. You know that I held Epicurus strong And his opinion. Now I change my mind, And partly credit things that do presage. Coming from Sardis, on our former ensign Two mighty eagles fell, and there they perched, Gorging and feeding from our soldiers' hands; Who to Philippi here consorted us. This morning are they fled away and gone, And in their steads do ravens, crows, and kites Fly o'er our heads and downward look on us, As we were sickly prey. Their shadows seem A canopy most fatal, under which Our army lies ready to give up the ghost. MESSALA. Believe not so. CASSIUS. I but believe it partly; For I am fresh of spirit, and resolved To meet all perils very constantly. Which central idea does this speech about omens best support?

Maybe fate does control everything.

Read the excerpt from "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre'" by Mark Memmott. Passage A: This week, people from around the world are expected to gather in the Dominican Republic for a "Border of Lights" commemoration that aims to "honor a tragedy long forgotten, and unknown to many people." Passage B: Trujillo, as the Border of Lights website explains, fed and nurtured anti-Haitian sentiment and created an atmosphere that still excludes ethnic Haitians from becoming part of "the Dominican melting pot." The method his soldiers used in 1937 to try to identify those who would be killed was cruelly unique. When confronting someone in the lands along the border with Haiti, they would hold up a sprig of parsley and ask what it was. If the person responded by trilling the "r" in perejil (Spanish for parsley), he would be free to go. Anyone who didn't trill the "r" was thought to be a Haitian Creole speaker—and was likely to be killed. How do these excerpts work together to develop a central idea?

Memmott explains that the tragedy is not well known today and then shows why it is worth remembering.

Read the passage from Animal Farm. They had just finished singing it for the third time when Squealer, attended by two dogs, approached them with the air of having something important to say. He announced that, by a special decree of Comrade Napoleon, "Beasts of England" had been abolished. From now onwards it was forbidden to sing it. The animals were taken aback. "Why?" cried Muriel. "It's no longer needed, comrade," said Squealer stiffly. "'Beasts of England' was the song of the Rebellion. But the Rebellion is now completed. The execution of the traitors this afternoon was the final act. The enemy both external and internal has been defeated. In 'Beasts of England' we expressed our longing for a better society in days to come. But that society has now been established. Clearly this song has no longer any purpose." Frightened though they were, some of the animals might possibly have protested, but at this moment the sheep set up their usual bleating of "Four legs good, two legs bad," which went on for several minutes and put an end to the discussion. So "Beasts of England" was heard no more. In its place Minimus, the poet, had composed another song which began: Animal Farm, Animal Farm, Never through me shalt thou come to harm! and this was sung every Sunday morning after the hoisting of the flag. But somehow neither the words nor the tune ever seemed to the animals to come up to "Beasts of England." How does the introduction of Minimus the poet support the author's purpose?

Minimus represents the producers of state-approved songs and slogans in Stalin's era.

How do they reconcile? Why does Mrs. Linde feel that they should get back together?

Mrs. Linde needs someone to take care of and Krogstad's young children need a mother

What evidence from the text supports the prediction that Mrs. Linde will get back together with Krogstad?

Mrs. Linde says that Krogstad would have done anything for her.

Mrs. Linde will accuse Nora of having an affair.

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: I could not endure life without work. All my life, as long as I can remember, I have worked, and it has been my greatest and only pleasure. But now I am quite alone in the world—my life is so dreadfully empty and I feel so forsaken. There is not the least pleasure in working for one's self. Nils, give me someone and something to work for. Which themes are best demonstrated by the evidence in this passage? Select two options.

Mrs. Linde's desire to work to support her family demonstrates the theme "making sacrifices to support others is worth it." Mrs. Linde's view of her past decisions demonstrates the theme "a lack of love and family can make one feel purposeless."

Read the excerpt from activist Cesar Chavez's 1984 address to the Commonwealth Club of San Francisco. All my life, I have been driven by one dream, one goal, one vision: To overthrow a farm labor system in this nation which treats farm workers as if they were not important human beings. Farm workers are not agricultural implements—they are not beasts of burden to be used and discarded. . . . . . . My motivation comes from my personal life—from watching what my mother and father went through when I was growing up—from what we experienced as migrant farm workers in California. That dream, that vision, grew from my own experience with racism—with hope—with the desire to be treated fairly and to see my people treated as human beings and not as chattel. It grew from anger and rage—emotions I felt 40 years ago when people of my color were denied the right to see a movie or eat at a restaurant in many parts of California. It grew from the frustration and humiliation I felt as a boy who couldn't understand how the growers could abuse and exploit farm workers when there were so many of us and so few of them. Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select two options.

My singular objective has been to change farming practices so workers are respected. This dream for change came from my own experiences of racism and mistreatment.

Study the editorial cartoon by Signe Wilkinson. 8703-05-05-24-image1.png How does the text "Ivy U. Law" on the board show the cartoonist's perspective?

NOT It shows that the cartoonist thinks the students in Ivy League schools are not working hard enough.

What is the difference between summarizing and paraphrasing?

NOT Paraphrasing is shorter than summarizing, and paraphrasing includes only the main idea.

Which scenarios are examples of students using effective presentation skills in a student council meeting? Select two options.

Nakisha mentions another student's point of view to help explain her own perspective. Samir brings notes to the meeting so he can persuade council members by supporting his opinions with facts.

Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt." "Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of 'the internet, mobile phones, and social media' in the protests." "Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement."

Read Colin's argument. Nowadays, one often hears complaints that drones can invade people's privacy. But this is not true. Flying drones is actually a sport. It requires coordination and technical skills like other sports. In fact, there should be professional drone-flying leagues. If people recognized this sport, they would no longer complain about where and when drone owners flew their drones. Is Colin's evidence relevant to his claim?

No, because it is about flying drones being a sport, not about privacy issues.

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Come here. [Pulls her down on the sofa beside her.] Now I will show you that I too have something to be proud and glad of. It was I who saved Torvald's life. Mrs. Linde: "Saved"? How? Nora: I told you about our trip to Italy. Torvald would never have recovered if he had not gone there— Mrs. Linde: Yes, but your father gave you the necessary funds. Nora: [smiling] Yes, that is what Torvald and all the others think, but— Mrs. Linde: But— Nora: Papa didn't give us a shilling. It was I who procured the money. Mrs. Linde: You? All that large sum? Nora: Two hundred and fifty pounds. What do you think of that? Mrs. Linde: But, Nora, how could you possibly do it? Did you win a prize in the Lottery? Nora: [contemptuously] In the Lottery? There would have been no credit in that. Mrs. Linde: But where did you get it from, then? Nora: [humming and smiling with an air of mystery]. Hm, hm! Aha! Mrs. Linde: Because you couldn't have borrowed it. Nora: Couldn't I? Why not? Mrs. Linde: No, a wife cannot borrow without her husband's consent. Nora: [tossing her head] Oh, if it is a wife who has any head for business—a wife who has the wit to be a little bit clever— Based on this passage, which statement is the most accurate inference to make about Nora?

Nora has a deep love for her husband to go to such an extreme length to save him.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: That letter is from Krogstad. Mrs. Linde: Nora—it was Krogstad who lent you the money! Nora: Yes, and now Torvald will know all about it. Mrs. Linde: Believe me, Nora, that's the best thing for both of you. Nora: You don't know all. I forged a name. Mrs. Linde: Good heavens—! Nora: I only want to say this to you, Christine—you must be my witness. Mrs. Linde: Your witness? What do you mean? What am I to—? Nora: If I should go out of my mind—and it might easily happen— Mrs. Linde: Nora! Nora: Or if anything else should happen to me—anything, for instance, that might prevent my being here— Mrs. Linde: Nora! Nora! you are quite out of your mind. Nora: And if it should happen that there were some one who wanted to take all the responsibility, all the blame, you understand— Mrs. Linde: Yes, yes—but how can you suppose—? Nora: Then you must be my witness, that it is not true, Christine. I am not out of my mind at all; I am in my right senses now, and I tell you no one else has known anything about it; I, and I alone, did the whole thing. Remember that. Which statement best describes the conflict?

Nora has forged her father's name on the loan she received from Krogstad, and he is threatening to expose her to Helmer.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: [going up to HELMER] I have wanted you so much, Torvald dear. Helmer: Was that the dressmaker? Nora: No, it was Christine; she is helping me to put my dress in order. You will see I shall look quite smart. Helmer: Wasn't that a happy thought of mine, now? Nora: Splendid! But don't you think it is nice of me, too, to do as you wish? Helmer: Nice?—because you do as your husband wishes? Well, well, you little rogue, I am sure you did not mean it in that way. But I am not going to disturb you; you will want to be trying on your dress, I expect. Nora: I suppose you are going to work. Helmer: Yes. [Shows her a bundle of papers.] Look at that. I have just been into the bank. [Turns to go into his room.] Nora: Torvald. Helmer: Yes. Nora: If your little squirrel were to ask you for something very, very prettily—? Helmer: What then? Nora: Would you do it? Helmer: I should like to hear what it is, first. Nora: Your squirrel would run about and do all her tricks if you would be nice, and do what she wants. Helmer: Speak plainly. Nora: Your skylark would chirp about in every room, with her song rising and falling— Helmer: Well, my skylark does that anyhow. Nora: I would play the fairy and dance for you in the moonlight, Torvald. What prediction does this excerpt best support?

Nora is going to beg Helmer to let Krogstad keep his job.

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Helmer: How unreasonable and how ungrateful you are, Nora! Have you not been happy here? Nora: No, I have never been happy. I thought I was, but it has never really been so. Helmer: Not—not happy! Nora: No, only merry. And you have always been so kind to me. But our home has been nothing but a playroom. I have been your doll-wife, just as at home I was papa's doll-child; and here the children have been my dolls. I thought it great fun when you played with me, just as they thought it great fun when I played with them. That is what our marriage has been, Torvald. What prediction does the text best support?

Nora is going to leave Helmer and the children.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: [glancing at the card] Oh! [Puts it in her pocket.] Rank: Is there anything wrong? Nora: No, no, not in the least. It is only something—it is my new dress— Rank: What? Your dress is lying there. Nora: Oh, yes, that one; but this is another. I ordered it. Torvald mustn't know about it— Rank: Oho! Then that was the great secret. Nora: Of course. Just go in to him; he is sitting in the inner room. Keep him as long as— Rank: Make your mind easy; I won't let him escape. Which statement explains the dramatic irony in this passage?

Nora is lying about having a second dress, but Rank does not know.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Rank: And what other nice things am I to be allowed to see? Nora: Not a single thing more, for being so naughty. [She looks among the things, humming to herself.] Rank: [after a short silence] When I am sitting here, talking to you as intimately as this, I cannot imagine for a moment what would have become of me if I had never come into this house. Nora: [smiling] I believe you do feel thoroughly at home with us. Rank: [in a lower voice, looking straight in front of him] And to be obliged to leave it all— Nora: Nonsense, you are not going to leave it. Rank: [as before] And not be able to leave behind one the slightest token of one's gratitude, scarcely even a fleeting regret—nothing but an empty place which the first comer can fill as well as any other. Nora: And if I asked you now for a—? No! Rank: For what? Nora: For a big proof of your friendship— Rank: Yes, yes! Nora: I mean a tremendously big favour— Rank: Would you really make me so happy for once? Nora: Ah, but you don't know what it is yet. Rank: No—but tell me. Nora: I really can't, Doctor Rank. It is something out of all reason; it means advice, and help, and a favour— Rank: The bigger a thing it is the better. I can't conceive what it is you mean. Do tell me. Haven't I your confidence? Nora: More than anyone else. I know you are my truest and best friend, and so I will tell you what it is. Well, Doctor Rank, it is something you must help me to prevent. You know how devotedly, how inexpressibly deeply Torvald loves me; he would never for a moment hesitate to give his life for me.

Nora is manipulating Doctor Rank for a favor.

Read the excerpt from act 1 of A Doll's House. Helmer: Nora! [Goes up to her and takes her playfully by the ear.] The same little featherhead! Suppose, now, that I borrowed fifty pounds today, and you spent it all in the Christmas week, and then on New Year's Eve a slate fell on my head and killed me, and— Nora: [putting her hands over his mouth]. Oh! don't say such horrid things. Helmer: Still, suppose that happened, —what then? Nora: If that were to happen, I don't suppose I should care whether I owed money or not. Helmer: Yes, but what about the people who had lent it? Nora: They? Who would bother about them? I should not know who they were. Helmer: That is like a woman! But seriously, Nora, you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing. There can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt. We two have kept bravely on the straight road so far, and we will go on the same way for the short time longer that there need be any struggle. Nora: [moving towards the stove]. As you please, Torvald. How does the interaction between Helmer and Nora advance the plot?

Nora realizes that Helmer will completely disapprove of her having borrowed money, so she has to continue to keep it a secret from him.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Helmer: [putting his papers together] Now then, little Miss Obstinate. Nora: [breathlessly]. Torvald—what was that letter? Helmer: Krogstad's dismissal. Nora: Call her back, Torvald! There is still time. Oh Torvald, call her back! Do it for my sake—for your own sake—for the children's sake! Do you hear me, Torvald? Call her back! You don't know what that letter can bring upon us. Helmer: It's too late. Nora: Yes, it's too late. Helmer: My dear Nora, I can forgive the anxiety you are in, although really it is an insult to me. It is, indeed. Isn't it an insult to think that I should be afraid of a starving quill-driver's vengeance? But I forgive you nevertheless, because it is such eloquent witness to your great love for me. [Takes her in his arms.] And that is as it should be, my own darling Nora. Come what will, you may be sure I shall have both courage and strength if they be needed. You will see I am man enough to take everything upon myself. Nora: [in a horror-stricken voice]. What do you mean by that? Helmer: Everything, I say— Nora: [recovering herself] You will never have to do that. Helmer: That's right. Well, we will share it, Nora, as man and wife should. That is how it shall be. [Caressing her.] Are you content now? There! There! Not these frightened dove's eyes! The whole thing is only the wildest fancy! Now, you must go and play through the Tarantella and practise with your tambourine. I shall go into the inner office and shut the door, and I shall hear nothing; you can make as much noise as you please. [Turns back at the door.] And when Rank comes, tell him where he will find me. [Nods to her, takes his papers and goes into his room, and shuts the door after him.] Nora: [bewildered with anxiety, stands as if rooted to the spot, and whispers] He was capable of doing it. He will do it. He will do it in spite of everything. No, not that! Never, never! Anything rather than that! Oh, for some help, some way out of it! [The door-bell rings.] Doctor Rank! Anything rather than that—anything, whatever it is! [She puts her hands over her face, pulls herself together, goes to the door and opens it. RANK is standing without, hanging up his coat. During the following dialogue it begins to grow dark.] How does the interaction between Helmer and Nora affect the plot?

Nora realizes that Helmer's actions are intended to preserve his masculinity, not their marriage.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Helmer: Rank led me to expect a splendid transformation. Rank: [in the doorway] I understood so, but evidently I was mistaken. Nora: Yes, nobody is to have the chance of admiring me in my dress until tomorrow. Helmer: But, my dear Nora, you look so worn out. Have you been practising too much? Nora: No, I have not practised at all. Helmer: But you will need to— Nora: Yes, indeed I shall, Torvald. But I can't get on a bit without you to help me; I have absolutely forgotten the whole thing. Helmer: Oh, we will soon work it up again. Nora: Yes, help me, Torvald. Promise that you will! I am so nervous about it—all the people—. You must give yourself up to me entirely this evening. Not the tiniest bit of business—you mustn't even take a pen in your hand. Will you promise, Torvald dear? Helmer: I promise. This evening I will be wholly and absolutely at your service, you helpless little mortal. Ah, by the way, first of all I will just— [Goes towards the hall door.] Nora: What are you going to do there? Helmer: Only see if any letters have come. Nora: No, no! don't do that, Torvald! Helmer: Why not? Nora: Torvald, please don't. There is nothing there. How does Ibsen use dramatic irony to create suspense in this passage?

Nora tells Helmer that there are no letters in the box, while the audience knows that there is a letter from Krogstad.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: [putting her arms round her neck] Dear old Anne, you were a good mother to me when I was little. Nurse: Little Nora, poor dear, had no other mother but me. Nora: And if my little ones had no other mother, I am sure you would—What nonsense I am talking! [Opens the box.] Go in to them. Now I must—. You will see tomorrow how charming I shall look. Nurse: I am sure there will be no one at the ball so charming as you, ma'am. [Goes into the room on the left.] Nora: [begins to unpack the box, but soon pushes it away from her]. If only I dared go out. If only no one would come. If only I could be sure nothing would happen here in the meantime. Stuff and nonsense! No one will come. Only I mustn't think about it. I will brush my muff. What lovely, lovely gloves! Out of my thoughts, out of my thoughts! One, two, three, four, five, six— [Screams.] Ah! there is someone coming—. [Makes a movement towards the door, but stands irresolute.] What prediction does this excerpt best support?

Nora will decide to leave her family.

Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. Then one day he received a letter from Nene, and in spite of himself he began to glance through it perfunctorily until all of a sudden the expression on his face changed and he began to read more carefully. . . . Our two sons, from the day they learnt that they have a grandfather, have insisted on being taken to him. I find it impossible to tell them that you will not see them. I implore you to allow Nnaemeka to bring them home for a short time during his leave next month. I shall remain here in Lagos . . . The old man at once felt the resolution he had built up over so many years falling in. He was telling himself that he must not give in. He tried to steel his heart against all emotional appeals. It was a re-enactment of that other struggle. He leaned against a window and looked out. The sky was overcast with heavy black clouds and a high wind began to blow filling the air with dust and dry leaves. It was one of those rare occasions when even Nature takes a hand in a human fight. Very soon it began to rain, the first rain in the year. It came down in large sharp drops and was accompanied by the lightning and thunder which mark a change of season. Okeke was trying hard not to think of his two grandsons. But he knew he was now fighting a losing battle. He tried to hum a favorite hymn but the pattering of large rain drops on the roof broke up the tune. His mind immediately returned to the children. How could he shut his door against them? By a curious mental process he imagined them standing, sad and forsaken, under the harsh angry weather—shut out from his house. That night he hardly slept, from remorse—and a vague fear that he might die without making it up to them. How does Okeke's change in attitude challenge the patriarchy?

Okeke wants to see his grandsons even though they are not the product of a traditional arranged marriage.

Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. The old man at once felt the resolution he had built up over so many years falling in. He was telling himself that he must not give in. He tried to steel his heart against all emotional appeals. It was a re-enactment of that other struggle. He leaned against a window and looked out. The sky was overcast with heavy black clouds and a high wind began to blow filling the air with dust and dry leaves. It was one of those rare occasions when even Nature takes a hand in a human fight. Very soon it began to rain, the first rain in the year. It came down in large sharp drops and was accompanied by the lightning and thunder which mark a change of season. Okeke was trying hard not to think of his two grandsons. But he knew he was now fighting a losing battle. He tried to hum a favorite hymn but the pattering of large rain drops on the roof broke up the tune. His mind immediately returned to the children. How could he shut his door against them? By a curious mental process he imagined them standing, sad and forsaken, under the harsh angry weather—shut out from his house. That night he hardly slept, from remorse—and a vague fear that he might die without making it up to them. Which part of this passage would be most important from both a feminist perspective and a historical perspective?

Okeke's willingness to accept his grandchildren from a marriage he did not arrang

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation for the claim that countries around the world need to increase food production to support a continually growing population. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which statement provides the best support for this claim?

On average, 83 million people are added to the world's population every year.

Read the sentences. The night was cold and windy. We stayed outside to study the constellations. Which revision correctly uses a conjunctive adverb to link the two ideas?

Our breath frosted the night air; nevertheless, we lingered outside to study the constellations.

Read the passage from a letter that President Jimmy Carter wrote to Congress in 1977. This message brings together a great variety of programs. It deals not only with ways to preserve the wilderness, wildlife, and natural and historical resources which are a beautiful and valued part of America's national heritage: it deals also with the effects of pollution, toxic chemicals, and the damage caused by the demand for energy. Each of these concerns, in its own way, affects the environment; and together they underscore the importance of environmental protection in all our lives. Which statement best describes the overall claim?

Protecting the environment is essential for maintaining Americans' quality of life.

Ruth is writing an essay about the reasons for changing a folk tale from a dark, grotesque story to a story that is appropriate for children. Which statements best describe the structure Ruth should use? Select two options.

Ruth should use the problem-solution structure to show why the dark stories are problematic and how changing them solves the problem. Ruth should give examples of the problems that dark stories can cause for younger audiences and the changes that can solve the problem.

Read the paragraph. (1) Outside, the snow hit the ground with a faint tapping; inside, the heater came on with a distant roar. (2) Outside, the wind howled through the big oak; a log snapped in the fireplace. (3) Outside, footsteps crunched hurriedly past the window; inside, the cat stretched and purred. (4) In the night, an owl hooted; in the room, a page turned. What revision should be made to maintain parallel structure?

Sentence 2 should be revised to read, "Outside, the wind howled through the big oak; inside, a log snapped in the fireplace."

Read the paragraph. (1) When I get to my home town, my first stop will be my uncle's old gas station to fill the car. (2) My second stop will be Lancer's Diner for some homemade cherry pie. (3) Next, I'll drop in for a visit with old Mr. Butterworth, who lived next door to us. (4) My last stop will be the house I grew up in to see who lives there now. What revision should be made to maintain parallel structure?

Sentence 3 should be revised to read, "My next stop will be old Mr. Butterworth's for a chat with my favorite neighbor."

Read the conversation between Louise and Mark. LOUISE. If we decide to order a new scoreboard for the gym, we should probably order it before the end of next week. I reached out to the manufacturer and learned that the scoreboard we've discussed will take three months to build and ship. If we place the order next week, the scoreboard will arrive just in time for the new school year. Unfortunately, shipping takes— MARK, interrupting Louise. Placing an order requires a 50 percent deposit up front in the form of a certified check. I'm not sure I can get a check from the treasurer by next week. I'm not even sure we have enough money saved to pay for it. LOUISE. Thanks for the reminder, Mark. Kristin, how much have we raised in candy bar sales so far? The total cost with shipping is $1,400.00, but with the sponsorship money, the total comes to only $580. How does Louise demonstrate appropriate behavior for participating in a group discussion? Select two options.

She encourages the contributions of other group members. She comes prepared with information that is important to the discussion

Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. Hours later, the Red Cross asked Cancino if he could help an injured migrant. It was the same Honduran teenager. His right ribs were broken. His entire chest and face were badly bruised. He spoke slowly, in a whisper, clasping his chest. Two gangsters had overheard his description and kicked him mercilessly. "Next time, we kill you," the gangsters told him. The teenager, afraid for his life, asked to be deported. Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." But, as I learned when I returned to Nueva Suyapa last month, a vast majority of child migrants are fleeing not poverty, but violence. How does the author use language in the excerpt from Enrique's Journey to support the author's purpose in the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars"?

She gives an account of actual violence inflicted on a teenager in Central America.

Read the passage from "Two Kinds." She walked over and stood in front of the TV. I saw her chest was heaving up and down in an angry way. "No!" I said, and I now felt stronger, as if my true self had finally emerged. So this was what had been inside me all along. "No! I won't!" I screamed. She yanked me by the arm, pulled me off the floor, snapped off the TV. She was frighteningly strong, half pulling, half carrying me toward the piano as I kicked the throw rugs under my feet. She lifted me up and onto the hard bench. I was sobbing by now, looking at her bitterly. Her chest was heaving even more and her mouth was open, smiling crazily as if she were pleased I was crying. "You want me to be something that I'm not!" I sobbed. "I'll never be the kind of daughter you want me to be!" "Only two kinds of daughters," she shouted in Chinese. "Those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind! Only one kind of daughter can live in this house. Obedient daughter!" Which statement best explains the motivation for the actions of the narrator's mother?

She is intrinsically motivated by her belief that children should obey their parents.

Read the excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This? by Randa Abdel-Fattah. The Religious/Scriptures/Sacred stuff: I believe in Allah/God's commandments contained in the Koran. God says men and women should act and dress modestly. The way I see it, I'd rather follow God's fashion dictates than some ugly fake-tanned old fart in Milan who's getting by on a pretty self-serving theory of less is more when it comes to female dress. What does the narrator's tone in this passage reveal about her perspective?

She will not let other people tell her how to dress.

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. I also hope that by raising the question today of what difference having more Latinos and Latinas on the bench will make will start your own evaluation. For people of color and women lawyers, what does and should being an ethnic minority mean in your lawyering? For men lawyers, what areas in your experiences and attitudes do you need to work on to make you capable of reaching those great moments of enlightenment which other men in different circumstances have been able to reach? For all of us, how do [we] change the facts that in every task force study of gender and race bias in the courts, women and people of color, lawyers and judges alike, report in significantly higher percentages than white men that their gender and race has shaped their careers, from hiring, retention to promotion, and that a statistically significant number of women and minority lawyers and judges, both alike, have experienced bias in the courtroom? What is Sotomayor's intended purpose in posing three powerful questions in a row?

Sotomayor wants the audience to pose serious questions of their own about diversity on the bench.

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation claiming that teaching children more than one language is beneficial to their brain development. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which statement provides the best support for this claim?

Speaking multiple languages improves comprehension and problem-solving skills.

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Why should I lie about it? I am a priest and the son of a priest. If there are spirits, as they say, in the small Dead Places near us, what spirits must there not be in that great Place of the Gods? And would not they wish to speak? After such long years? I know that I felt myself drawn as a fish is drawn on a line. I had stepped out of my body—I could see my body asleep in front of the cold fire, but it was not I. I was drawn to look out upon the city of the gods. Which theme is reflected in this passage?

Spiritual experiences can lead to greater understanding.

Read the passage from Animal Farm. "Comrades!" cried Squealer, making little nervous skips, "a most terrible thing has been discovered. Snowball has sold himself to Frederick of Pinchfield Farm, who is even now plotting to attack us and take our farm away from us! Snowball is to act as his guide when the attack begins. But there is worse than that. We had thought that Snowball's rebellion was caused simply by his vanity and ambition. But we were wrong, comrades. Do you know what the real reason was? Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! He was Jones's secret agent all the time. It has all been proved by documents which he left behind him and which we have only just discovered. To my mind this explains a great deal, comrades. Did we not see for ourselves how he attempted—fortunately without success—to get us defeated and destroyed at the Battle of the Cowshed?" The animals were stupefied. This was a wickedness far outdoing Snowball's destruction of the windmill. But it was some minutes before they could fully take it in. They all remembered, or thought they remembered, how they had seen Snowball charging ahead of them at the Battle of the Cowshed, how he had rallied and encouraged them at every turn, and how he had not paused for an instant even when the pellets from Jones's gun had wounded his back. At first it was a little difficult to see how this fitted in with his being on Jones's side. Even Boxer, who seldom asked questions, was puzzled. He lay down, tucked his fore hoofs beneath him, shut his eyes, and with a hard effort managed to formulate his thoughts. "I do not believe that," he said. "Snowball fought bravely at the Battle of the Cowshed. I saw him myself. Did we not give him 'Animal Hero, First Class,' immediately afterwards?" "That was our mistake, comrade. For we know now—it is all written down in the secret documents that we have found—that in reality he was trying to lure us to our doom." Which statement best explains the passage's connection to life in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin?

Squealer's false claim that he has documents to prove that Snowball is a traitor reflects lies used to control people.

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation for the claim that it is important to invest in early childhood education. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which statement provides the best support for this claim?

Students who had early childhood education perform better academically than students who did not.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. We all crave sweetness, now more than ever since there are so many ways to satisfy that need. And there are still sugar plantations where the work is brutal. In places like the Dominican Republic (Haiti's island neighbor), some sugar work is not very different from what it was for Marina's Indian ancestors in British Guiana: hard, poorly paid labor by people who are often mistreated. But for most of us, chemists have more to say about how we satisfy that taste than do overseers. When sugar is in the headlines, critics speak about how much of it we eat, not who picked the crop. Doctors warn that young people are gaining too much weight from eating sugary snacks; parents learn that kids who drink too many sweet sodas can cycle between manic sugar "highs" and grinding sugar "crashes." No one worries about where the sweetness comes from. Our diet was transformed by the Age of Sugar, but that era is over. Which statement is the most objective summary of the passage?

Sugar cane is no longer the main source of sweetness for most people.

Read the two passages from Sugar Changed the World. By the late 1700s, Saint Domingue (what is now Haiti) was the world center of sugar. So many sugar plantations dotted the landscape that slaves called commanders managed other slaves. On the night of August 14, 1791, commanders from the richest sugar plantations in Saint Domingue gathered in a place called Alligator Woods and swore a solemn oath. They would rise up against their white owners, "and listen to the voice of liberty which speaks in the hearts of all of us." That voice told them to destroy everything related to sugar. Sugar made the Africans slaves, so sugar must be wiped off the island, now a vast sugar factory to the world. By the end of August, the French colony was in flames. So many cane fields were on fire that the air was filled with "a rain of fire composed of burning bits of cane-straw which whirled like thick snow." Smashing mills, destroying warehouses, setting fields on fire, the freedom fighters demolished some one thousand plantations—and that was just in the first two months of their revolution. The fight against sugar and chains soon had a leader, Toussaint, who called himself "L'Ouverture"—the opening. Toussaint was making a space, an opening, for people to be free. When the Haitians defeated the French armies, Napoleon lost control of the world's most productive sugar islands and with it his dream of great sugar profits. As a result, Napoleon had no use for the land in North America he had so recently obtained from Spain. Napoleon did, though, need money to pay for his wars. That is why he sold the vast Louisiana Territory to Jefferson for the bargain price of just fifteen million dollars. What textbooks call the Louisiana Purchase should really be named the Sugar Purchase. Americans obtained the middle part of what would become their nation because the Haitians achieved their freedom. Which claim do both passages support?

Sugar was such a powerful economic force that it led to significant political changes.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question then arises, whether the provisions of the Constitution, in relation to the personal rights and privileges to which the citizen of a State should be entitled, embraced the negro African race, at that time in this country, or who might afterwards be imported, who had then or should afterwards be made free in any State; and to put it in the power of a single State to make him a citizen of the United States, and endue him with the full rights of citizenship in every other State without their consent? Does the Constitution of the United States act upon him whenever he shall be made free under the laws of a State, and raised there to the rank of a citizen, and immediately clothe him with all the privileges of a citizen in every other State, and in its own courts? Which statement could best be used as an effective counterclaim to this claim?

Taney cannot deny Scott citizenship because it is a federal right.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them. Which statement best serves as a counterclaim to the claim in this passage?

Taney fails to provide any actual evidence for his statements that African Americans were universally considered inferior.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. An additional reason for the inconclusive nature of the Amendment's history with respect to segregated schools is the status of public education at that time. In the South, the movement toward free common schools, supported by general taxation, had not yet taken hold. Education of white children was largely in the hands of private groups. Education of Negroes was almost nonexistent, and practically all of the race were illiterate. In fact, any education of Negroes was forbidden by law in some states. Today, in contrast, many Negroes have achieved outstanding success in the arts and sciences, as well as in the business and professional world. It is true that public school education at the time of the Amendment had advanced further in the North, but the effect of the Amendment on Northern States was generally ignored in the congressional debates. Even in the North, the conditions of public education did not approximate those existing today. The curriculum was usually rudimentary; ungraded schools were common in rural areas; the school term was but three months a year in many states, and compulsory school attendance was virtually unknown. As a consequence, it is not surprising that there should be so little in the history of the Fourteenth Amendment relating to its intended effect on public education. The Fourteenth Amendment stresses that anyone born or naturalized in the United States is a citizen and cannot be deprived of their rights. Which detail from the passage supports the court's reason for not using previous rulings on effects of the Fourteenth Amendment to decide this case?

The 14th Amendment's impact on public education was not addressed in previous cases.

Read the excerpt from President Lincoln's 1865 inaugural address, in which he speaks about the Civil War. One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. Which statement best summarizes the central idea in this excerpt?

The Civil War occurred because people in the South wanted to protect and spread the practice of slavery.

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." All of the tales in the first edition bear the marks of their diverse storytellers who believed in the magic, superstitions, and miraculous transformations of the tales. It may be difficult for us to understand why this is the case, but for the storytellers and writers of these tales, the stories contained truths about the living conditions of their times. The tales in the first edition were collected not from peasants, as is commonly believed, but mainly from literate people whom the Grimms came to know quite well. Evidence shows that these people often obtained their tales from illiterate or anonymous informants. Even if they did not know their informants, the Grimms came to trust almost everyone who contributed to their collection. It is this mutual trust that marks the tales as something special and endows them with a certain humanity, what Germans call Menschlichkeit, and it is this mutual trust among folklorists in the nineteenth century that marks it as the golden age of folk and fairy tales. The tales in the first edition set a certain standard that collectors began to follow and still follow even today. What is the central idea of this excerpt?

The Grimms collected stories about real living conditions from people they trusted.

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." In contrast to the final 1857 edition, most of the tales in the first edition are shorter and sparser. They have a rawness that was later to be refined. For example, "Rapunzel" is embellished a great deal in the final edition: First Edition Once upon a time there lived a husband and wife who had been wishing for a child for many years, but it had all been in vain. Finally, the woman became pregnant. Now, in the back of their house the couple had a small window that overlooked a fairy's garden filled with all kinds of flowers and herbs. But nobody ever dared to enter it. Seventh Edition Once upon a time there was a husband and wife who for quite some time had been wishing in vain for a child. Finally, the dear Lord gave the wife a sign of hope that their wish would be fulfilled. Now, in the back of their house the couple had a small window that overlooked a splendid garden filled with the most beautiful flowers and herbs. The garden, however, was surrounded by a high wall, and nobody dared enter it because it belonged to a sorceress, who was very powerful and feared by all. Which idea does the author develop with the text example cited in the excerpt?

The Grimms embellished stories with more details in their final editions.

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." The stories the Brothers Grimm first collected are brusque, blunt, absurd, comical, and tragic, and are not, strictly speaking, "fairy tales." In fact, the Grimms never intended the tales to be read by children. The tales are about children and families and how they reacted to the difficult conditions under which they lived. The Grimms thought the stories and their morals emanated naturally from the German people in an oral tradition, and they wanted to preserve them before the tales were lost forever. In gathering the tales, the Grimms made a unique contribution to folklore, and their Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children and Household Tales) is even listed by UNESCO in its Memory of the World Registry. It was in large part their first edition, published in two volumes in 1812 and 1815, that inspired folklorists in Europe and Great Britain to gather tales from their oral traditions to preserve as part of their cultural heritage. Which details best support the central idea of the excerpt? Select three options.

The Grimms wanted to preserve German tales before the stories disappeared. The stories and their morals come from the oral tradition of the German people. The original stories told of the difficult lives of children and families.

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [CASSIUS.] A friend should bear his friend's infirmities, But Brutus makes mine greater than they are. BRUTUS. I do not, till you practice them on me. CASSIUS. You love me not. BRUTUS. I do not like your faults. CASSIUS. A friendly eye could never see such faults. BRUTUS. A flatterer's would not, though they do appear As huge as high Olympus. How does the allusion in this passage connect to the central idea of the passage?

The allusion emphasizes the size of the faults that Brutus sees in Cassius, which will lead to an honest discussion of the roots of the friends' conflict.

Read the excerpt from " The Story of a Warrior Queen ." The eldest daughter obeyed proudly and gladly, but the younger one was afraid. "Must I, mother?" she asked timidly. "Yes, dear one," said Boadicea gently. "I too will drink, and we shall meet again." When the Roman soldiers burst in upon them, they found the great queen dead, with her daughters in her arms. She had poisoned both herself and them, rather than that they should fall again into the hands of the Romans. How does the archetype presented in the excerpt support the universal theme of a mother's instinct to protect her children?

The archetype of the tragic heroine supports the theme by showing that Boadicea takes her life and prevents her daughters from being harmed by the Romans.

Read the passage from an argumentative essay. Healthcare costs are becoming an issue for many Americans. In just two years, the average family has seen an increase of 3 percent in insurance costs. The increase rises to 25 percent when you include families who buy insurance on an exchange. At this rate, health care will soon be completely unaffordable for most Americans. Therefore, lowering the cost of health insurance must be a priority for lawmakers. Which statement best explains why the argument is logical?

The argument contains relevant reasons supported with facts and data.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of "the internet, mobile phones, and social media" in the protests. Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace based on an extensive content analysis of bit.ly links from the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Bahrain. Bit.ly links, or short URLs, are predominantly used in social media such as Twitter. The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Which statement best evaluates the effectiveness of the evidence in the text?

The argument is convincing because the authors use varied forms of relevant evidence, including well-researched studies and verifiable data.

Read the lines from "Girl Powdering Her Neck" by Cathy Song, then look at the artwork by Kitagawa Utamaro. Her hair is black with hints of red, the color of seaweed spread over rocks. Morning begins the ritual wheel of the body, the application of translucent skins. She practices pleasure: the pressure of three fingertips applying powder. Fingerprints of pollen some other hand will trace. The peach-dyed kimono patterned with maple leaves drifting across the silk, falls from right to left in a diagonal, revealing the nape of her neck and the curve of a shoulder like the slope of a hill set deep in snow in a country of huge white solemn birds. Her face appears in the mirror, a reflection in a winter pond, rising to meet itself. Which statement best compares the use of imagery and color in the poem and artwork to portray the woman?

The artwork suggests a woman in her home, while the poem's figurative language connects her to nature.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Rank: Let me play for her. Helmer [getting up]. Yes, do. I can correct her better then. [RANK sits down at the piano and plays. NORA dances more and more wildly. HELMER has taken up a position beside the stove, and during her dance gives her frequent instructions. She does not seem to hear him; her hair comes down and falls over her shoulders; she pays no attention to it, but goes on dancing. Enter MRS. LINDE:] Mrs. Linde: [standing as if spell-bound in the doorway] Oh!— Nora: [as she dances] Such fun, Christine! Helmer: My dear darling Nora, you are dancing as if your life depended on it. Nora: So it does. Helmer: Stop, Rank; this is sheer madness. Stop, I tell you! [RANK stops playing, and NORA suddenly stands still. HELMER goes up to her.] I could never have believed it. You have forgotten everything I taught you. Nora: [throwing away the tambourine]. There, you see. Helmer: You will want a lot of coaching. Nora: Yes, you see how much I need it. You must coach me up to the last minute. Promise me that, Torvald! Helmer: You can depend on me. Which statement best describes the dramatic irony in this passage?

The audience knows that Nora is intentionally failing to dance correctly, but Helmer does not.

Which instances of situational irony occur in the passage? Select two options.

The aunt expects the boy to accept her explanations, but he does not, and The aunt expects the boy to be interested in the cows, but he is not.

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." The child moved reluctantly to the window. "Why are those sheep being driven out of that field?" he asked. "I expect they are being driven to another field where there is more grass," said the aunt weakly. "But there is lots of grass in that field," protested the boy; "there's nothing else but grass there. Aunt, there's lots of grass in that field." "Perhaps the grass in the other field is better," suggested the aunt fatuously. "Why is it better?" came the swift, inevitable question. "Oh, look at those cows!" exclaimed the aunt. Nearly every field along the line had contained cows or bullocks, but she spoke as though she were drawing attention to a rarity. "Why is the grass in the other field better?" persisted Cyril. Which instances of situational irony occur in the passage? Select two options.

The aunt expects the boy to accept her explanations, but he does not. The aunt expects the boy to be interested in the cows, but he is not.

Read the passage from "The Storyteller." The children moved listlessly towards the aunt's end of the carriage. Evidently her reputation as a storyteller did not rank high in their estimation. In a low, confidential voice, interrupted at frequent intervals by loud, petulant questionings from her listeners, she began an unenterprising and deplorably uninteresting story about a little girl who was good, and made friends with every one on account of her goodness, and was finally saved from a mad bull by a number of rescuers who admired her moral character. "Wouldn't they have saved her if she hadn't been good?" demanded the bigger of the small girls. It was exactly the question that the bachelor had wanted to ask. "Well, yes," admitted the aunt lamely, "but I don't think they would have run quite so fast to her help if they had not liked her so much." "It's the stupidest story I've ever heard," said the bigger of the small girls, with immense conviction. "I didn't listen after the first bit, it was so stupid," said Cyril. The smaller girl made no actual comment on the story, but she had long ago recommenced a murmured repetition of her favourite line. Which statement best explains the situational irony that occurs in the passage?

The aunt tells a story with a moral, but the children ignore the lesson.

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. My father had huddled near me, draped in his blanket, shoulders laden with snow. And what if he were dead, as well? I called out to him. No response. I would have screamed if I could have. He was not moving. Suddenly, the evidence overwhelmed me: there was no longer any reason to live, any reason to fight. What is the author's viewpoint about the situation in this excerpt?

The author believes that the situation is without hope, so he sees no reason to continue on.

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." What compelled the Grimms to concentrate on old German epics, tales, and literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture—those which held the community together—were linguistic and based in history. According to them, modern literature, even though it might be remarkably rich, was artificial and thus could not express the genuine essence of Volk culture that emanated naturally from experience and bound the people together. Therefore, all their efforts went toward uncovering stories from the past. Which statement best describes the way the author unfolds ideas in this paragraph?

The author gives supporting details first and concludes with the main idea.

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Krogstad: I had left the date blank; that is to say, your father should himself have inserted the date on which he signed the paper. Do you remember that? Nora: Yes, I think I remember— Krogstad: Then I gave you the bond to send by post to your father. Is that not so? Nora: Yes. Krogstad: And you naturally did so at once, because five or six days afterwards you brought me the bond with your father's signature. And then I gave you the money. Nora: Well, haven't I been paying it off regularly? Krogstad: Fairly so, yes. But—to come back to the matter in hand—that must have been a very trying time for you, Mrs. Helmer? Nora: It was, indeed. Krogstad: Your father was very ill, wasn't he? Nora: He was very near his end. Krogstad: And died soon afterwards? Nora: Yes. Krogstad: Tell me, Mrs. Helmer, can you by any chance remember what day your father died? —on what day of the month, I mean. Nora: Papa died on the 29th of September. Krogstad: That is correct; I have ascertained it for myself. And, as that is so, there is a discrepancy [taking a paper from his pocket] which I cannot account for. Nora: What discrepancy? I don't know— Krogstad: The discrepancy consists, Mrs. Helmer, in the fact that your father signed this bond three days after his death. How does the conflict in this passage develop the social issue of gender inequality?

The author highlights a woman's inability to borrow money without a man's signature.

Read the excerpt from chapter 8 of The Travels of Marco Polo. I should add that ships cannot sail to the other islands that lie farther south, beyond Madagascar and Zanzibar, because the current sets so strongly towards the south that they would have little chance of returning. Therefore they do not venture to go. You may note that ships coming from Maabar to this island make the voyage in twenty days, whereas the return trip takes them all of three months; and this is due to the continual southward set of the current. It flows in the same direction the all time—southward, ever southward. These more southerly islands, which men do not willingly visit because of this southward drift, are very numerous, and it is said that they are inhabited by gryphon birds, which make their appearance here at certain seasons of the year. What indicates that the author's purpose is to inform readers about travel south of Madagascar and Zanzibar?

The author shares facts and specific details about the difficulty of sailing in the region.

Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. Enrique greets the dawn without incident. The stars recede. The sky lightens behind the mountains to the east, and mist rises off the fields on both sides of the tracks. Men trot by on burros with tin milk containers strapped to their saddles, starting their morning deliveries. Which narrative technique does the author include in this excerpt, and how does it support the author's purpose?

The author uses setting to show a sense of accomplishment.

Read the excerpt from "Social Media Made the Arab Spring, But Couldn't Save It" by Jessi Hempel. Five years ago this week, massive protests toppled Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, marking the height of the Arab Spring. Empowered by access to social media sites like Twitter, YouTube and Facebook, protesters organized across the Middle East, starting in December 2010 in Tunisia, and gathered together to speak out against oppression, inspiring hope for a better, more democratic future. Commentators, comparing these activists to the US peace protesters of 1968, praised the effort as a democratic dawn for an area that had long been populated by autocracies. In a photo collection published by the New York Times a few months later, Irish writer Colum McCann wrote: "The light from the Arab Spring rose from the ground up; the hope is now that the darkness doesn't fall." The darkness has fallen. Half a decade later, the Middle East is roiling in violence and repression. Activists are being intimidated into restraint by governments that are, with the exception of Tunisia, more totalitarian than those they replaced, if any government as such really exists at all. Meanwhile, militants have harnessed the same technology to organize attacks and recruit converts, catapulting the world into instability. Instead of new robust democracies, we have a global challenge with no obvious solution. The Arab Spring carried the promise that social media and the Internet were going to unleash a new wave of positive social change. But the past five years have shown that liberty isn't the only end toward which these tools can be turned. Activists were able to organize and mobilize in 2011 partly because authoritarian governments didn't yet understand very much about how to use social media. They didn't see the potential, says NYU professor of politics Joshua Tucker, a [principal] investigator at the Social Media and Political Participation Lab at New York University. "There are a lot of reasons the people in power were slow to pick up on this," he adds. "One of the things about not have a free press is it is harder to learn what was going on in the world." Which statement best evaluates the evidence in this excerpt?

The author uses specific data, reasons, and quotations to support her argument effectively, but the excerpt would be stronger if she included eyewitness testimony or personal stories.

Read the excerpt from chapter 8 of The Travels of Marco Polo. This province produces great quantities of excellent white incense, and also dates in great abundance. No grain is grown here except rice, and not much of that; but it is imported from abroad at a big profit. Fish is plentiful, notably tunnies of large size, which are so abundant that two of them can be bought for a Venetian groat. The staple diet consists of rice, meat, and fish. . . . As for the incense of which I have spoken, which grows here in such profusion, the lord buys it for 10 gold bezants a cantar and then sells it to foreign merchants and others for 40 bezants a cantar. The lord of Shihr does this on behalf of the sultan of the province of Aden. For the sultan of Aden has incense bought up throughout his dominions at the price of 10 bezants and afterwards sold at 40 from which he derives an immense profit. Which detail best indicates the author's opinion of the incense that this province produces?

The author uses the word "excellent" to describe the incense grown in the province.

The author's mother thought of Trujillo constantly.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Twitter, Facebook and other new media offer ways for the Arab-American news media to reach audiences, but also pose a threat to smaller outlets. In addition to keeping up with the online presence of larger news organizations, Arab-American media are forced to compete with user-generated content that is rapidly available to audiences. The utility of social media in accessing information became clear during the Arab uprisings and events such as Egypt's parliamentary and presidential elections. However, [Suzanne] Manneh of New America Media points out that the credibility of this information is difficult to verify "depending on where it's from, to whom it's attributed, [and] especially when various events are happening very quickly." Arab-American news outlets find they must compete with this abundance of online content in order to evolve alongside readers who are increasingly turning to the internet for information. Newspapers have made the greatest inroads here so far, with most offering at least some form of digital content, while still maintaining print versions for older generations and those who prefer a physical newspaper. Radio programs, in light of the continuing challenge to find advertising sponsorship, are beginning to shift online. Arab-American television, on the other hand, has yet to even really find a place amid the satellite programming available from Arab countries. Which statement best evaluates the evidence in the text?

The authors effectively use verifiable data and a quotation from an expert to support their claim.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Starting around 1800, sugar became the staple food that allowed the English factories—the most advanced economies in the world—to run. Sugar supplied the energy, the hint of nutrition, the sweet taste to go with the warmth of tea that even the poorest factory worker could look forward to. Sugar was a necessity. Why were the English the first to build factories to mill cloth? Because of the wealth they gained, the trade connections they made, and the banking systems they developed in the slave and sugar trade. Indeed, the cheap cloth from the factories was used to clothe the slaves. English factories, you might say, were built, run, and paid for by sugar. In 1800, when the English were consuming their eighteen pounds of sugar a year, around 250,000 tons of sugar was produced worldwide—almost all sent to Europe. A century later, in 1900, when sugar was used in jams, cakes, syrups, and tea, and every modern country was filled with factories, world production of sugar reached six million tons. By that time, the average person in England ate ninety pounds of sugar a year—and in the early twentieth century, that number kept rising. (Americans today eat only about 40 pounds of cane sugar a year, but that is because other forms of sweeteners, such as corn syrup, are now cheaper than cane sugar. If you consider all forms of sweetener, Americans eat an average of 140 pounds every year.) How do the details in this passage support the authors' purpose?

The authors include details about the changes in diets over time to inform readers about how sugar has transformed what we eat.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Then Gandhi invited each person in the theater to join him in an exceptional oath, a pledge not to register, not to accept the government's rules, even if that resulted in severe punishment. Gandhi insisted that every person weigh the commitment and make a personal choice. "Every individual," he explained, must make the oath him- or herself, facing not to his neighbor, but his God. Nor should it be taken in order to gain power over anybody but oneself, for the power of an oath is defined by what one man can promise to do, and what he is willing to suffer: insult, incarceration, hard labor, flogging, fine, deportation, and even death. Everyone in the audience raised his or her hand. Gandhi bound the crowd together to follow a new path, which he called Satyagraha—which means "truth with force," or "firmness." It is also called "love-force." While the goal of violence is to defeat and vanquish the enemy, the goal of Satyagraha is to convince or convert the opponent. "He must be weaned from error by patience and sympathy." A person who believes in Satyagraha will not fight physically, but instead resists through his or her own inner courage, knowing he might be jailed or beaten. Which statement best describes the authors' purpose in this passage?

The authors want to persuade readers that Gandhi had a strong influence on the Indian workers.

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. A mayoral candidate is having an open discussion with voters about a proposed plan to fund welfare programs by raising property taxes. The candidate strongly supports the plan and speaks forcefully about it. She focuses on the importance of a social safety net by asking voters to imagine needing the services themselves. She avoids the topic of the state's budget concerns and asking voters to hold their questions and concerns until the very end. Which statement best describes what kind of a speaker the political candidate is?

The candidate is an ineffective speaker because she does not support her opinions with facts.

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Nora: In all these eight years—longer than that—from the very beginning of our acquaintance, we have never exchanged a word on any serious subject. Helmer: Was it likely that I would be continually and forever telling you about worries that you could not help me to bear? Nora: I am not speaking about business matters. I say that we have never sat down in earnest together to try and get at the bottom of anything. Helmer: But, dearest Nora, would it have been any good to you? Nora: That is just it; you have never understood me. I have been greatly wronged, Torvald—first by papa and then by you. How does the conflict in the text best connect to the views of society in the late 1800s?

The conflict between Nora and Helmer shows how gender roles were defined, as Helmer has complete control over everything, including what the couple discusses.

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Helmer: Before all else, you are a wife and a mother. Nora: I don't believe that any longer. I believe that before all else I am a reasonable human being, just as you are—or, at all events, that I must try and become one. I know quite well, Torvald, that most people would think you right, and that views of that kind are to be found in books; but I can no longer content myself with what most people say, or with what is found in books. I must think over things for myself and get to understand them. Helmer: Can you not understand your place in your own home? Have you not a reliable guide in such matters as that?—have you no religion? Nora: I am afraid, Torvald, I do not exactly know what religion is. How does Nora's conflict in this excerpt best demonstrate a difference between life in the late 1800s and life today?

The conflict demonstrates that women are expected to remain in the roles assigned to them.

Read the passage from "Two Kinds." When my mother told me this, I felt as though I had been sent to hell. I whined and then kicked my foot a little when I couldn't stand it anymore. "Why don't you like me the way I am? I'm not a genius! I can't play the piano. And even if I could, I wouldn't go on TV if you paid me a million dollars!" I cried. My mother slapped me. "Who ask you be genius?" she shouted. "Only ask you be your best. For you sake. You think I want you to be genius? Hnnh! What for! Who ask you!" "So ungrateful," I heard her mutter in Chinese, "If she had as much talent as she has temper, she would be famous now." Which cultural differences are revealed through this conflict? Select two options.

The daughter wants to be valued for what she is, while the mother believes that the girl should always strive to be more. The daughter believes that her mother should accept and love her, but the mother believes that she should help her daughter succeed.

The details describe how Spanish and Portuguese explorations helped expand the sugar trade.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The vast Muslim world was wonderful for the growth of knowledge. The Greeks had developed a level of practical experience and technical understanding a thousand years more advanced than anyone else nearby. The Muslims began to translate some of these ancient Greek texts. From India, Muslims learned of the zero, which allowed them to invent what we still call "Arabic" numerals. And because the Koran, the sacred book of Islam, is written in Arabic, scholars throughout the Muslim world learned to read Arabic and to share their knowledge. The Muslims swept past Jundi Shapur and learned the secrets of sugar. As they conquered lands around the Mediterranean Sea, they spread word of how to grow, mill, and refine the sweet reed. How do the details in the passage support the central idea?

The details describe the important role Muslims played in spreading knowledge throughout the world.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. In the 1100s, the richest Europeans slowly began to add more flavor to their food—because of a series of fairs and wars. A smart count in the Champagne region of France guaranteed the safety of any merchant coming to sell or trade at the markets in the lord's lands. Soon word spread, and the fairs flourished. Starting around 1150, the six Champagne fairs became the one place where Europeans could buy and sell products from the surrounding world—a first step in connecting them to the riches and tastes beyond. Fortress Europe was slowly opening up. How do the details in this passage support the central idea?

The details provide examples of how France gradually became a place for worldwide trade.

Read the excerpt from Kaydee's personal narrative. "What are you doing, Kaydee?" Aunt Mary shrieked. "You're going to set the house on fire!" I couldn't help but roll my eyes. I struck another match. "Aunt Mary, I'm just trying to get the stove started. Calm down. The starter is broken again, and I just have to light the gas." Aunt Mary wrung her hands and paced back and forth in front of the door to the kitchen, up and down the hall, unable to be in the same room with a lit match. How does the dialogue develop the characters in this paragraph? Select two options.

The dialogue shows that Aunt Mary is afraid of fire. The dialogue shows that Kaydee is a calm person.

The dictatorship resulted in many deaths.

The difference between a child's desires and a parent's dreams can lead to conflict and rebellion, as shown in Amy Tan's "Two Kinds," Maxine Hong Kingston's The Woman Warrior, and Jade Snow Wong's Fifth Chinese Daughter.

What are the characteristics of a successful group discussion? Select two options

The discussion allows all group members to share their points of view. The discussion encourages group members with conflicting views to speak up.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system. Whatever may have been the extent of psychological knowledge at the time of Plessy v. Ferguson, this finding is amply supported by modern authority. Any language in Plessy v. Ferguson contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. Which statement accurately summarizes the opinion of the court?

The doctrine of "separate but equal" takes away African American citizens' rights to an equal public education.

Study the cartoon Our Carbon Footprint by Signe Wilkinson. 8703-05-05-06-image1.png How does exaggeration create meaning in this cartoon?

The enormous footprint shows the extensive damage of the oil spill to the environment.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Mohandas K. Gandhi (later known as the Mahatma or Great One) was born in India to a traditional Hindu family. When he was given the opportunity to study law in England, he faced the same problem as the indentured sugar workers: He would lose caste if he crossed the black water. His family arranged a special ceremony that allowed him to make the trip without giving up his place in society. Thus, in 1894, freshly educated in England, Gandhi made a second journey. He began practicing law in Natal, a region in what is now South Africa. He moved there because many Indians were already in Natal, laboring as indentured sugar workers. One day, Gandhi later explained, "a man in tattered clothes, headgear in hand, two front teeth broken and his mouth bleeding, stood before me trembling and weeping." The indentured worker, whose name was Balasumdaram, had been badly beaten by his employer. Gandhi knew that Balasumdaram was trapped. For no matter how poorly he had been treated by his boss, if he left the plantation, he could be prosecuted and jailed. Gandhi saw indenture for what it was: "almost as bad as slavery. Like the slave the indentured labourer was the property of his master." How does the evidence most support the central idea that Gandhi recognized indentured servants' brutal treatment?

The evidence details how Gandhi saw a man who had been beaten and knew that the man could not leave.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Cane sugar had brought millions of Africans into slavery, then helped foster the movement to abolish the slave trade. In Cuba large-scale sugar planting began in the 1800s, brought by new owners interested in using modern technology. Some of these planters led the way in freeing Cuban slaves. Now beet sugar set an example of modern farming that helped convince Russian nobles that it was time to free their millions of serfs. And that is precisely where Marc's family story begins—with Nina's grandfather, the serf who bought his freedom from figuring out how to color beet sugar. How does the evidence support the central idea that cane sugar helped lead to the abolition of slavery?

The evidence reveals that sugar barons in Cuba and Russia freed enslaved people and serfs.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Gandhi began to see that there was a way for the indentured Indians to strengthen themselves without having to rely on machetes and guns. Freedom, he realized, did not come only from rising up against oppressors or tyrants. It could also be found in oneself. The mere fact that the sugar masters treated their workers as some form of property did not mean the Indians had to accept that definition. In fact, it was up to them to claim, to assert, their own worth, their own value. A man who had his inner, personal dignity was free—no matter how a boss tried to bully him. Gandhi's years in South Africa became a laboratory, as he experimented with how to be a truthful, free person. Finally, he was ready to put his ideas into practice. How does the evidence support the central idea that Gandhi decided it was time to replace violence with nonviolent protest?

The evidence shows how Gandhi experimented with ways to assert one's dignity and be free.

Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. Two gangsters had overheard his description and kicked him mercilessly. "Next time, we kill you," the gangsters told him. The teenager, afraid for his life, asked to be deported. Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." We should also make it easier for children to apply as refugees when they are still in Central America, as we have done for people in Iraq, Cuba, countries in the former Soviet Union, Vietnam and Haiti. Those who showed a well-founded fear of persecution wouldn't have to make the perilous journey north alone. How do details from the excerpts support the purpose of advocating for children from Central America?

The excerpt from Enrique's Journey tells a story about what happened to one victim, and "Children of the Drug Wars" uses words that create an emotional response to persuade readers to take action.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The fairs were very well organized. They featured covered galleries so that merchants could buy and sell even if rain came drumming down; cellars were so large, they resembled underground cities. At the fairs, merchants could trust the weights and measures, and a strict order prevailed for how things were to be sold. For the first twelve days one could sell only woven cloth—which is what the traders from northern Europe brought. Then the "sergeants" of the fair would walk through the streets crying, "Pack up, pack up" and all the cloth must be put away. Now the leather traders, who came from as far as Spain, and the fur merchants, whose goods might come from Russia, filled the tables with piles of hides and pelts. Which statement is an objective summary of the passage?

The fairs had detailed, specific rules about what merchants could sell and how they could sell it.

Read the excerpts from chapter 2 of Night. Excerpt 1 When they came back, they told us that they had learned, in exchange for a gold watch, that this was the final destination. We were to leave the train here. There was a labor camp on the site. The conditions were good. Families would not be separated. Only the young would work in the factories. The old and the sick would find work in the fields. Confidence soared. Suddenly we felt free of the previous nights' terror. We gave thanks to God. Excerpt 2 We stared at the flames in the darkness. A wretched stench floated in the air. Abruptly, our doors opened. Strange-looking creatures, dressed in striped jackets and black pants, jumped into the wagon. Holding flashlights and sticks, they began to strike at us left and right, shouting: "Everybody out! Leave everything inside. Hurry up!" We jumped out. I glanced at Mrs. Schächter. Her little boy was still holding her hand. In front of us, those flames. In the air, the smell of burning flesh. It must have been around midnight. We had arrived. In Birkenau. How do the excerpts differ in purpose?

The first excerpt shows their expectations about the camp, and the second shows the reality of their circumstances.

Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees recently interviewed 404 children who had arrived in the United States from Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala and Mexico; 58 percent said their primary reason for leaving was violence. (A similar survey in 2006, of Central American children coming into Mexico, found that only 13 percent were fleeing violence.) They aren't just going to the United States: Less conflicted countries in Central America had a 712 percent increase in asylum claims between 2008 and 2013. Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. Enrique allows himself to doze only on trains farther north, where the gangsters no longer control the tops of the trains. There, he jams his body into the crevice on top of a hopper, next to the trapdoors used to fill the car. Or he waits until the train rounds a curve, giving him a good view of all of the cars. He spots a boxcar with its door open. When the train slows, he jumps off and races to the boxcar, jumping inside for a quick nap. What technique does the author use in each excerpt to support her purpose?

The first excerpt uses facts and statistics, and the second excerpt is told as a story.

Read the excerpts from "The Royal House of Thebes" and "The Story of a Warrior Queen." "We are women," she told her sister. "We must obey. We have no strength to defy the State." "Choose your own part," Antigone said. "I go to bury the brother I love." "You are not strong enough," Ismene cried. "Why, then when my strength fails," Antigone answered, "I will give up." She left her sister; Ismene dared not follow her. —"The Royal House of Thebes" Again and again the Romans were defeated, till it almost seemed as if the Britons really would succeed in driving them out of the country. Boadicea herself led the soldiers, encouraging them with her brave words. "It is better to die with honor than to live in slavery," she said. "I am a woman, but I would rather die than yield. Will you follow me, men?" and of course the men followed her gladly. —"The Story of a Warrior Queen" How are the archetypes presented in these two passages different?

The first passage shows Antigone as a rebel, and the second passage shows Boadicea as a warrior.

The first-edition tales influenced folklorists to trust one another to gather authentic tales of living conditions.

Read the passage and study the image from Sugar Changed the World. Cutting cane was hard work, but it was nothing like what came next: Piles of freshly cut cane had to be fed into the ever-turning mill wheels, until they were completely crushed. The owners insisted that during the work hours the grinding never stop, no matter what. The mills were most often tended by women who were doing dangerous work while getting almost no rest. That was a very bad combination. An ax was often propped up near the rollers so if a slave closed her eyes for a second while pushing the cane, her arm could be hacked off before she was pulled through the merciless grinders. Guests at sugar plantations often remarked on how many one-armed people they saw. Day after day, week after week, month after month, the cane was cut, hauled to the mill, and fed through the rollers. The mills kept going as long as there was cane to grind—the season varied between four and ten months, depending on the local growing conditions. A visitor who came to Brazil in 1630 described the scene: "People the color of the very night, working briskly and moaning at the same time without a moment of peace or rest, whoever sees all the confused and noisy machinery . . . will say that this indeed is the image of Hell." In this illustration by William Clark, sugar cane is fed into a mill to be ground. How does the illustration help the reader understand the text?

The illustration depicts the people, equipment, and oxen required to manufacture sugar.

Read the passage and study the image from Sugar Changed the World. Slaves were given long, sharp machetes, which would be their equipment—but for some also their weapons—until the harvest was done. The cutters worked brutal, seemingly endless shifts during the harvest—for the hungry mills crushed cane from four in the afternoon to ten the next morning, stopping only in the midday heat. Slaves had to make sure there was just enough cane to feed the turning wheels during every one of those eighteen hours. They worked in teams, a man slashing the cane, a woman binding every twelve stalks into a bundle. According to one report from 1689, each pair of workers was expected to cut and bind 4,200 stalks a day. Exactly how much they cut depended on how much their mill could handle—the cutting must never get a day ahead of the grinding, for then the sugar cane would dry up. In this illustration by William Clark, enslaved people cut sugar cane. How does the illustration best help the reader understand the text?

The illustration helps the reader recognize how teams cut and bundled sugar cane.

Read the passage and study the image and caption from Sugar Changed the World. Caption: The first factories were places like this cotton mill in Manchester, England. All over England, in sooty cities such as Manchester and Liverpool, when the factory whistle blew, workers would set down their presses and file out to drink a quick cup of tea sweetened with sugar—usually dipping a piece of bread in the warm drink. Soon a smart manufacturer figured out that this break, and the need for a jolt of sweetness, was an opportunity. English workers were offered sugary cookies and candies—what we call today energy bars—that quick pick-me-up that helped workers to make it through their long shifts. Starting around 1800, sugar became the staple food that allowed the English factories—the most advanced economies in the world—to run. Sugar supplied the energy, the hint of nutrition, the sweet taste to go with the warmth of tea that even the poorest factory worker could look forward to. Sugar was a necessity. How does the image support the text?

The image shows English factory workers enjoying sugar during their break.

Read the passage and study the image from Sugar Changed the World. 8703-03-01-15.png Caption: Based on drawings from around 7000 BCE, this image depicts rock climbers finding honey in cliffs. This is the earliest known form of honey collecting. (Eva Crane, World History of Beekeeping and Honey Hunting). . . . A rock drawing in Spain from about 7000 B.C. shows a man who has climbed a hillside, found a crevice holding a hive, and is reaching in to grab the honey. Indeed, a lucky wanderer in just about any part of Europe, Africa, or Asia that wasn't covered with ice could stumble on a hive and—at the risk of some stings—come away with a treat. (People in the Americas had no bees, so used syrups made from maple trees, agave cactus, or mashed fruits for their sweeteners.) Then someone figured out that you didn't have to be lucky. You could hollow out a log near bees, and they would make it their home. You could "keep" bees—you didn't have to find them. How does the image support the text?

The image shows how ancient people collected honey before beekeeping began.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Seeing the fortunes being made in sugar, the French started their own scramble to turn the half of the island of Hispaniola that they controlled (which is now Haiti), as well as Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana (along the South American coast near Dutch Guiana), into their own sugar colonies, which were filled with hundreds of thousands more African slaves. By 1753, British ships were taking an average of 34,250 slaves from Africa every year, and by 1768, that number had reached 53,100. The sugar that piled up on the docks near the plantations was something new in the world: pure sweetness, pure pleasure, so cheap that common people could afford it. Scientists have shown that people all over the world must learn to like salty tastes, sour tastes, mixed tastes. But from the moment we are born, we crave sweetness. Cane sugar was the first product in human history that perfectly satisfied that desire. And the bitter lives of the enslaved Africans produced so much sugar that pure sweetness began to spread around the world. What is the central claim of this passage?

The joys of sugar were the result of the suffering of enslaved African people.

The judges' freeing of Pauline would have a significant effect on how people viewed involuntary servitude.

Read the excerpt from chapter 8 of The Travels of Marco Polo and study the map. The city stands at the mouth or entrance of the gulf of Kalhat, so that no ship can enter or leave the gulf except by leave of its rulers. The malik of this city thus has a powerful hold over the sultan of Kerman, to whom he is subject. For sometimes the sultan imposes some due on the malik of Hormuz or one of his brethren, and they refuse to pay it, and the sultan sends an army to enforce payment. How does the map help the reader understand the passage?

The map helps the reader understand Kalhat's location on the Gulf of Kalhat.

Read the passage and study the map from Sugar Changed the World. If you walked down Beekman Street in New York in the 1750s, you would come to a general store owned by Gerard Beekman—his family gave the street its name. The products on his shelves showed many of the ways sugar was linking the world. Beekman and merchants like him shipped flour, bread, corn, salted beef, and wood to the Caribbean. They brought back sugar, rum, molasses, limes, cocoa, and ginger. Simple enough; but this trade up and down the Atlantic coast was part of a much larger world system. Textbooks talk about the Triangle Trade: Ships set out from Europe carrying fabrics, clothes, and simple manufactured goods to Africa, where they sold their cargoes and bought people. The enslaved people were shipped across the Atlantic to the islands, where they were sold for sugar. Then the ships brought sugar to North America, to be sold or turned into rum—which the captains brought back to Europe. But that neat triangle—already more of a rectangle—is completely misleading. Beekman's trade, for example, could cut out Europe entirely. British colonists' ships set out directly from New York and New England carrying the food and timber that the islands needed, trading them for sugar, which the merchants brought back up the coast. Then the colonists traded their sugar for English fabrics, clothes, and simple manufactured goods, or they took their rum directly to Africa to buy slaves—to sell to the sugar islands. English, North American, French, and Dutch ships competed to supply the Caribbean plantations and buy their sugar. And even all these boats filling the waters of the Atlantic were but one part of an even larger system of world trade. Africans who sold other Africans as slaves insisted on being paid in fabrics from India. Indeed, historians have discovered that some 35 percent of the cargo typically taken from Europe to Africa originally came from India. What could the Europeans use to buy Indian cloth? The Spanish shipped silver from the mines of Bolivia to Manila in the Philippines, and bought Asian products there. Any silver that English or French pirates could steal from the Spanish was also ideal for buying Asian cloth. So to get the fabrics that would buy the slaves that could be sold for sugar for the English to put into their tea, the Spanish shipped silver to the Philippines, and the French, English, and Dutch sailed east to India. What we call a triangle was really as round as the globe. 8703-03-03-22.jpg This map shows how the Triangle Trade has traditionally been depicted. Which statement best explains how the map supports the text?

The map shows a common and simplistic presentation of how sugar-related trade worked.

Read the paragraph. 1. In conclusion, of all the possible careers in film, the producer's job is the one that's really cool. 2. Among its many prerequisites, the job of the producer requires creativity, leadership, and communication skills, along with superior organizational skills. 3. It'll keep you on your toes, that's for sure. Which is the best peer evaluation of the conclusion? The details and mechanics are good, but sentences 2 and 3 should be reorganized to include logical transitions. The word choice and style are good, but there are punctuation and organizational errors in sentences 1 and 2. The mechanics and organization are good, but sentences 1 and 3 should be edited to achieve a formal style and objective tone. The tone and style are good, but errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation in sentences 1, 2, and 3 should be fixed.

The mechanics and organization are good, but sentences 1 and 3 should be edited to achieve a formal style and objective tone.

Read the excerpt from "The Story of a Warrior Queen." Then these cruel, wicked men laughed at her [Boadicea]. And because she was a woman and had, they thought, no one to protect her, they beat her with rods and were rude to her daughters. But although the Romans were clever, they sometimes did stupid things. They thought very little of their own women, and they did not understand that many of the women of Britain were as brave and as wise as the men, and quite as difficult to conquer. What qualities of the villain support the universal theme that women are as capable as men? Select two options.

The men oppose Boadicea without realizing how tough she is. The men's cruel attitude at home makes them misjudge Boadicea.

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." At first I was afraid to approach him—then the fear left me. He was sitting looking out over the city—he was dressed in the clothes of the gods. His age was neither young nor old—I could not tell his age. But there was wisdom in his face and great sadness. You could see that he would have not run away. He had sat at his window, watching his city die—then he himself had died. But it is better to lose one's life than one's spirit—and you could see from the face that his spirit had not been lost. I knew, that, if I touched him, he would fall into dust—and yet, there was something unconquered in the face. How does the conflict at the beginning of the paragraph move the plot forward?

The narrator realizes that the god was a man.

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." When I woke, the sun was low. Looking down from where I lay, I saw a dog sitting on his haunches. His tongue was hanging out of his mouth; he looked as if he were laughing. He was a big dog, with a gray-brown coat, as big as a wolf. I sprang up and shouted at him but he did not move—he just sat there as if he were laughing. I did not like that. When I reached for a stone to throw, he moved swiftly out of the way of the stone. He was not afraid of me; he looked at me as if I were meat. No doubt I could have killed him with an arrow, but I did not know if there were others. Moreover, night was falling. How does the narrator react to the conflict in this passage?

The narrator remains calm and levelheaded as he tries to get away from the dog.

Read the definitions. com = with ple = to complete pli = to be courteous, to comply with -ment = an action or object Which sentence uses the underlined word correctly?

The necklace was a perfect complement to her outfit.

The nurse does not know that Nora will leave her children, but the audience does.

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Nurse, I want you to tell me something I have often wondered about—how could you have the heart to put your own child out among strangers? Nurse: I was obliged to, if I wanted to be little Nora's Nurse. Nora: Yes, but how could you be willing to do it? Nurse: What, when I was going to get such a good place by it? A poor girl who has got into trouble should be glad to. Besides, that wicked man didn't do a single thing for me. Nora: But I suppose your daughter has quite forgotten you. Nurse: No, indeed she hasn't. She wrote to me when she was confirmed, and when she was married. How does the author use the character of the nurse to develop the social issue of gender inequality?

The nurse's need to give up a child in order to have a job demonstrates a woman's inability to support herself.

Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. "I shall never see her," was the reply. From that night the father scarcely spoke to his son. He did not, however, cease hoping that he would realize how serious was the danger he was heading for. Day and night he put him in his prayers. Nnaemeka, for his own part, was very deeply affected by his father's grief. But he kept hoping that it would pass away. If it had occurred to him that never in the history of his people had a man married a woman who spoke a different tongue, he might have been less optimistic. "It has never been heard," was the verdict of an old man speaking a few weeks later. In that short sentence he spoke for all of his people. This man had come with others to commiserate with Okeke when news went round about his son's behaviour. By that time the son had gone back to Lagos. "It has never been heard," said the old man again with a sad shake of his head. "What did Our Lord say?" asked another gentleman. "Sons shall rise against their fathers; it is there in the Holy Book." "It is the beginning of the end," said another. How does this passage reinforce the traditional social hierarchy?

The older men in the village commiserate with Okeke regarding Nnaemeka's decision to disobey him.

How does exaggeration create irony in this cartoon?

The oversized trophies create irony because readers expect that they are for winning, not participation.

Read the excerpt from chapter 6 of Animal Farm. All that year the animals worked like slaves. But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them, and not for a pack of idle, thieving human beings. What statement best explains how the pacing reveals character in this passage?

The passage describes a year in which the animals work extremely hard but feel a sense of accomplishment.

Read the two excerpts. "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre'" by Mark Memmott: Seventy-five years ago, thousands of Haitians were murdered in the Dominican Republic by a brutal dictator. It was one of the 20th Century's least-remembered acts of genocide. As many as 20,000 people are thought to have been killed on orders given by Rafael Trujillo. But the "parsley massacre" went mostly unnoticed outside Hispaniola. Even there, many Dominicans never knew about what happened in early October 1937. They were kept in the dark by Trujillo's henchmen. "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez: At this point I would always ask her why she and my father had returned to live in the country if they knew the dictatorship was so bad. And that's when my mother would tell me how, under pressure from his friends up north, Trujillo pretended to be liberalizing his regime. How he invited all exiles back to form political parties. How he announced that he would not be running in the next elections. My father had returned only to discover that the liberalization was a hoax staged so that the regime could keep the goodwill and dollars of the United States. My father and mother were once again trapped in a police state. How do the passages work together to develop a central idea?

The passages show how people often did not know or understand the extent of Trujillo's deceit.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 3, of Julius Caesar. CINNA THE POET. Directly, I am going to Caesar's funeral. FIRST PLEBEIAN. As a friend or an enemy? CINNA THE POET. As a friend. SECOND PLEBEIAN. That matter is answered directly. FOURTH PLEBEIAN. For your dwelling—briefly. CINNA THE POET. Briefly, I dwell by the Capitol. THIRD PLEBEIAN. Your name, sir, truly. CINNA THE POET. Truly, my name is Cinna. FIRST PLEBEIAN. Tear him to pieces! He's a conspirator. CINNA THE POET. I am Cinna the poet, I am Cinna the poet. FOURTH PLEBEIAN. Tear him for his bad verses, tear him for his bad verses. CINNA THE POET. I am not Cinna the conspirator. FOURTH PLEBEIAN. It is no matter, his name's Cinna. Pluck but his name out of his heart, and turn him going. THIRD PLEBEIAN. Tear him, tear him! Come, brands ho! Firebrands! To Brutus', to Cassius'! Burn all! Some to Decius' house, and some to Casca's; some to Ligarius'. Away, go! [Exeunt] What is the central idea of this excerpt?

The plebeians mistake Cinna the poet for Cinna the conspirator and decide to tear him to pieces before going after Caesar's killers.

Read Rita Dove's poem "Sonnet in Primary Colors," then study Frida Kahlo's painting Self-Portrait with Monkey and Parrot. This is for the woman with one black wing perched over her eyes: lovely Frida, erect among parrots, in the stern petticoats of the peasant, who painted herself a present— wildflowers entwining the plaster corset her spine resides in, that flaming pillar— this priestess in the romance of mirrors. Each night she lay down in pain and rose to the celluloid butterflies of her Beloved Dead, Lenin and Marx and Stalin arrayed at the footstead. And rose to her easel, the hundred dogs panting like children along the graveled walks of the garden, Diego's love a skull in the circular window of the thumbprint searing her immutable brow. Which statements best describe differences in the style of the two works?

The poem reveals details that explain Kahlo's facial expressions, while the painting does not.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. In the instant cases, that question is directly presented. . . . There are findings below that the Negro and white schools involved have been equalized, or are being equalized, with respect to buildings, curricula, qualifications and salaries of teachers, and other "tangible" factors. Our decision, therefore, cannot turn on merely a comparison of these tangible factors in the Negro and white schools involved in each of the cases. We must look instead to the effect of segregation itself on public education. . . . Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performance of our most basic public responsibilities, even service in the armed forces. It is the very foundation of good citizenship. Today it is a principal instrument in awakening the child to cultural values, in preparing him for later professional training, and in helping him to adjust normally to his environment. In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. . . . To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. What reason does Warren give for making the claim that comparing "tangible factors" is not enough to evaluate segregation?

The real impact of racial segregation is emotional damage to minority students.

Study the editorial cartoon by Bill Mauldin. 8703-05-05-23-image1.png How does the atmosphere around the school contribute to the effectiveness of the cartoon?

The scary atmosphere grabs the reader's attention and dramatizes the loss of public schools.

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." All the same, when I came to the Place of the Gods, I was afraid, afraid. The current of the great river is very strong—it gripped my raft with its hands. That was magic, for the river itself is wide and calm. I could feel evil spirits about me, I was swept down the stream. Never have I been so much alone—I tried to think of my knowledge, but it was a squirrel's heap of winter nuts. There was no strength in my knowledge any more and I felt small and naked as a new-hatched bird—alone upon the great river, the servant of the gods. Which statement best explains how the narrator interacts with the setting?

The setting makes him lose hope.

Read the excerpt from chapter 6 of Animal Farm. Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals' minds at rest. He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed, or even suggested. It was pure imagination, probably traceable in the beginning to lies circulated by Snowball. A few animals still felt faintly doubtful, but Squealer asked them shrewdly, "Are you certain that this is not something that you have dreamed, comrades? Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?" Which statement best explains how the pacing in this passage helps reveal Squealer's character?

The slowing pace shows how Squealer controls the animals with propaganda.

Read the two excerpts from act 3, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As he was fortunate, I rejoice at it. As he was valiant, I honour him. But as he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honour for his valour, and death for his ambition. [ANTONY.] The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious. If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hath Caesar answered it. Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest— For Brutus is an honourable man, So are they all, all honourable men— Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honourable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome, Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill. Which statements are true of both monologues? Select three options.

The speaker uses repetition and parallelism. The speaker uses imagery. The speaker appeals to emotions.

The speaker wants his muse to help him immortalize his love.

Read the paragraph from an interpretive literary analysis. In William Shakespeare's Hamlet, the main character's indecision and inattention result not only in deaths around him, but also in his own death. Hamlet wounds Laertes and then they switch swords. Before Laertes dies, he gets in a last jab at Hamlet, who ends up being wounded by his own poisoned sword. The allusion is that not only does Laertes die as expected, but Hamlet is doomed to die by the poison on his own sword as well. How should this paragraph be revised to use the correct domain-specific vocabulary?

The term allusion should be changed to the term irony.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. In the 1930s, reporters spread out across the American South to capture the voices of history. Some African Americans who had been born as slaves were still alive, and could describe how they had lived sixty years earlier. Through their words we can finally begin to hear about sugar slavery from those who lived it. Ellen Betts, who grew up as a slave on a sugar plantation in Louisiana, recalled that they worked "hour in, hour out, the sugar cane fields sure stretch from one end of the earth to the other." Ceceil George remembered that she "come up in hard times—slavery times." "Every body worked, young, an ole', if yo' could carry two or three sugar cane yo' worked. Sunday, Monday, it all de same . . . it like a heathen part o' de country." She meant that in other states slaves got Sunday off to worship God. Not in Louisiana: There, sugar was god, and work was the only religion. How do the historical details in this passage support the authors' claim?

The text includes parts of primary-source interviews with enslaved people to illustrate the difficulty of life on a sugar plantation in Louisiana.

Read Shakespeare's "Sonnet 130." My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red, than her lips red: If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound: I grant I never saw a goddess go,— My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare, As any she belied with false compare. Which statement best explains the two possible interpretations of the sonnet?

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. Ride, ride, Messala, ride, and give these bills Unto the legions on the other side. [Loud alarum] Let them set on at once, for I perceive But cold demeanour in Octavius' wing, And sudden push gives them the overthrow. Ride, ride, Messala, let them all come down. [Exeunt] How would the meaning of the passage be affected if the phrase "all come down" were changed to "advance"?

The urgent tone would be softened considerably.

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde [looking at her watch]: Not yet—and the time is nearly up. If only he does not—. [Listens again.] Ah, there he is. [Goes into the hall and opens the outer door carefully. Light footsteps are heard on the stairs. She whispers.] Come in. There is no one here. Krogstad [in the doorway]: I found a note from you at home. What does this mean? Mrs. Linde: It is absolutely necessary that I should have a talk with you. Krogstad: Really? And is it absolutely necessary that it should be here? Mrs. Linde: It is impossible where I live; there is no private entrance to my rooms. Come in; we are quite alone. The maid is asleep, and the Helmers are at the dance upstairs. Which statement best explains how the conventions of plot and setting contribute to the theme?

The use of letters and secret meetings develops the theme that hiding the truth will eventually lead to hardship.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. CASCA. Let us not leave him out. CINNA. No, by no means. METELLUS. O, let us have him, for his silver hairs Will purchase us a good opinion, And buy men's voices to commend our deeds. It shall be said his judgment ruled our hands. Our youths and wildness shall no whit appear, But all be buried in his gravity. BRUTUS. O, name him not. Let us not break with him, For he will never follow anything That other men begin. CASSIUS. Then leave him out. CASCA. Indeed he is not fit. What is this scene's impact on the audience? Select two options.

The verbal irony adds some humor to the scene. The verbal irony shows the audience that Casca is easily led.

Read the passage. I am a father who is helping his daughter pay off her student loan of $50,000. That is a lot of money; however, it is a drop in the student-loan bucket that currently holds over $1 trillion of student debt. In fact, 44 million Americans currently owe money on their student loans—a major problem. Without a solution, young adults entering the workforce will do so knowing that their paychecks will be significantly less due to the need to repay their student loans. The government must work to change this. How does the writer best use evidence to support the claim? Select three options.

The writer uses empirical evidence by including specific data about student debt and loans. The writer uses empirical evidence by stating the exact amount of debt that his daughter owes. The writer uses anecdotal evidence by sharing a personal connection to the student debt problem.

Read the paragraph. Theodore Roosevelt was the greatest president because as a leader of the Progressive Party, he brought about much-needed social, political, and economic reform. One of his economic reforms was to break up many large business trusts. By doing so, he took economic power out of the hands of the wealthy and powerful corporations and placed it in the hands of the ordinary people. Theodore Roosevelt's reform policies, known as the Square Deal, helped to give the average citizen an equal share of opportunities. Which sentence is the thesis of this paragraph?

Theodore Roosevelt was the greatest president because as a leader of the Progressive Party, he brought about much-needed social, political, and economic reforms.

Read the claim and counterclaim. Claim: In order to provide students with the most well-rounded education and the greatest opportunity to succeed, school days should be extended. Counterclaim: If school days were extended, children would not have time to participate in other enriching activities, such as spending time with friends. Which is the most effective rebuttal to the counterclaim?

There are many ways that longer school days help children, but both sides must be considered.

Read this paragraph from chapter 5 of The Prince. Whenever those states which have been acquired as stated have been accustomed to live under their own laws and in freedom, there are three courses for those who wish to hold them: the first is to ruin them, the next is to reside there in person, the third is to permit them to live under their own laws, drawing a tribute, and establishing within it an oligarchy which will keep it friendly to you. Because such a government, being created by the prince, knows that it cannot stand without his friendship and interest, and does its utmost to support him; and therefore he who would keep a city accustomed to freedom will hold it more easily by the means of its own citizens than in any other way. What is the most important idea the author wants readers to know?

There are three means of holding a newly acquired state that is accustomed to freedom.

Read this paragraph from chapter 5 of The Prince. Whenever those states which have been acquired as stated have been accustomed to live under their own laws and in freedom, there are three courses for those who wish to hold them: the first is to ruin them, the next is to reside there in person, the third is to permit them to live under their own laws, drawing a tribute, and establishing within it an oligarchy which will keep it friendly to you. Because such a government, being created by the prince, knows that it cannot stand without his friendship and interest, and does its utmost to support him; and therefore he who would keep a city accustomed to freedom will hold it more easily by the means of its own citizens than in any other way. Which statement best summarizes the central idea of the paragraph?

There are three ways for a prince to hold a newly acquired state that is accustomed to freedom: ruin it, live there, or create an oligarchy that is loyal to him—and the third way is easiest.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Knowing that their slaves were likely to die by the time they reached their thirties, Louisiana sugar planters were extremely selective—they bought only healthy-looking young men in their late teens. On average, the men purchased in Louisiana were an inch taller than the people bought in the other slave states. Those teenagers made up seven to eight out of every ten slaves brought to America's sugar Hell. The others were younger teenage girls, around fifteen to sixteen years old. Their job, for the rest of their short lives, was to have children. Elizabeth Ross Hite knew that, for sure, "all de master wanted was fo' dem wimmen to hav children." Enslaved children would be put to work or sold. The overseer S.B. Raby explained, "Rachel had a 'fine boy' last Sunday. Our crop of negroes will I think make up any deficiencies there may be in the cane crop." That is, a master could sell any slaves who managed to live, if he needed more money than he could make from sugar. Jazz was born in Louisiana. Could it be that a population of teenagers, almost all of them male, were inspired to develop their own music as a way to speak, to compete, to announce who they were to the world? Bomba in Puerto Rico, Maculelê in Brazil, jazz in Louisiana—all gave people a chance to be alive, to be human, to have ideas, and dreams, and passions when their owners claimed they were just cogs in machinery built to produce sugar. How do the authors use historical evidence to support their claim in this passage?

They argue that extremely difficult conditions inspired enslaved young men to invent new forms of music.

Read the excerpts from Does My Head Look Big in This? and Persepolis. Excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This?: I can't image what my class will say if I walk in with the hijab on. Oh boy, does this give the walking-into-class-naked dream another dimension. Except in my case, I'm not walking in naked. I'm walking in fully covered and yet I'm still breaking out into a sweat. Come to think of it, though, it's not like I'm not used to being the odd one out. I attended a Catholic elementary school because we lived too far away from the Islamic school and my parents didn't have time to travel the distance twice a day. Plus, all that "love thy neighbor," "respect your parents," and "cleanliness is next to godliness" stuff was basically what I would have been taught in Religious Education in an Islamic school anyway. Excerpt from Persepolis: What similarities do the narrators' perspectives most reveal? Select two options.

They both experience alienation in school. They are both unsure about being told what to wear.

Read the excerpts from "The Royal House of Thebes" and "The Story of a Warrior Queen." "We are women," she told her sister. "We must obey. We have no strength to defy the State." "Choose your own part," Antigone said. "I go to bury the brother I love." "You are not strong enough," Ismene cried. "Why, then when my strength fails," Antigone answered, "I will give up." She left her sister; Ismene dared not follow her. -"The Royal House of Thebes" Again and again the Romans were defeated, till it almost seemed as if the Britons really would succeed in driving them out of the country. Boadicea herself led the soldiers, encouraging them with her brave words. "It is better to die with honor than to live in slavery," she said. "I am a woman, but I would rather die than yield. Will you follow me, men?" and of course the men followed her gladly. -"The Story of a Warrior Queen" How are the themes presented in these two passages similar?

They both express the theme that women are as capable as men.

Read the excerpts from "The Royal House of Thebes" and "The Story of a Warrior Queen." Ismene weeping came from the palace to stand with her sister. "I helped do it," she said. But Antigone would not have that. "She had no share in it," she told Creon. And she bade her sister say no more. "Your choice was to live," she said, "mine to die." As she was led away to death, she spoke to the bystanders:— . . . Behold me, what I suffer Because I have upheld that which is high. -"The Royal House of Thebes" Then taking a golden cup in her hands, "Drink," she said gently. The eldest daughter obeyed proudly and gladly, but the younger one was afraid. "Must I, mother?" she asked timidly. "Yes, dear one," said Boadicea gently. "I too will drink, and we shall meet again." When the Roman soldiers burst in upon them, they found the great queen dead, with her daughters in her arms. She had poisoned both herself and them, rather than that they should fall again into the hands of the Romans. -"The Story of a Warrior Queen" What qualities of the tragic heroine do both of these passages reveal? Select three options.

They both show the main character sacrificing her life for her principles. They both show the main character experiencing a downfall and awaiting death. They both show moments in the main characters' experiences that evoke pity.

Read the passage from "The Crab That Played with the Sea." 'Ah!' said the Eldest Magician. 'Now I know who has been playing with the Sea;' and he called out, 'What are you doing, Pau Amma?' And Pau Amma, deep down below, answered, 'Once a day and once a night I go out to look for my food. Once a day and once a night I return. Leave me alone.' Then the Eldest Magician said, 'Listen, Pau Amma. When you go out from your cave the waters of the Sea pour down into Pusat Tasek, and all the beaches of all the islands are left bare, and the little fish die, and Raja Moyang Kaban, the King of the Elephants, his legs are made muddy. When you come back and sit in Pusat Tasek, the waters of the Sea rise, and half the little islands are drowned, and the Man's house is flooded, and Raja Abdullah, the King of the Crocodiles, his mouth is filled with the salt water.' How do the underlined words in the passage create meaning?

They describe Pau Amma's impact on the sea and the animals.

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. Like many other immigrants to this great land, my parents came because of poverty and to attempt to find and secure a better life for themselves and the family that they hoped to have. They largely succeeded. For that, my brother and I are very grateful. The story of that success is what made me and what makes me the Latina that I am. The Latina side of my identity was forged and closely nurtured by my family through our shared experiences and traditions.

They express pride in family and culture.

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. My Latina soul was nourished as I visited and played at my grandmother's house with my cousins and extended family. They were my friends as I grew up. Being a Latina child was watching the adults playing dominos on Saturday night and us kids playing lotería, bingo, with my grandmother calling out the numbers which we marked on our cards with chickpeas.

They give readers images of the importance of family.

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." How shall I tell what I saw? There was no smell of man left, on stone or metal. Nor were there many trees in that wilderness of stone. There are many pigeons, nesting and dropping in the towers—the gods must have loved them, or, perhaps, they used them for sacrifices. There are wild cats that roam the god-roads, green-eyed, unafraid of man. At night they wail like demons but they are not demons. The wild dogs are more dangerous, for they hunt in a pack, but them I did not meet till later. Everywhere there are the carved stones, carved with magical numbers or words. How do details such as "stone or metal," "many pigeons," "towers," and "wild cats that roam the god-roads" help establish setting?

They give the sense that nature has taken over a once-urban area.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. You could date a great change in the world to a visit one Madame Villeneuve made to France in 1714. That year, Pauline, an enslaved woman from the Caribbean, arrived in France as the personal servant of her mistress. When Madame Villeneuve set off from the coast to visit Paris, she left Pauline in a convent. The young woman spent her time studying with the nuns and went so far in her training that she asked to become a nun herself and remain in the convent. The nuns agreed, which enraged Madame Villeneuve. She rushed to a judge, demanding to have her property back. Was Pauline a free woman, a bride of Christ, or an item to be bought, sold, and warehoused when she was not in use? Twenty-three years earlier, King Louis XIV had issued a set of rules that defined slavery as legal in the French sugar islands. But when two slaves managed to reach France, he freed them—saying they became free "as soon as they [touched] the soil" of France. The judges sided with Pauline—she was real to them, human, not a piece of property. For Pauline's judges, as for King Louis, slavery far off across the seas was completely different from enslaved individuals in France. Slave owners fought back, arguing that owners should be able to list their slaves as property when they arrived in France and take them with them when they left. Though most parts of France agreed to this, lawmakers in Paris hesitated. Pierre Lemerre the Younger made the case for the slaves. "All men are equal," he insisted in 1716—exactly sixty years before the Declaration of Independence. To say that "all men are equal" in 1716, when slavery was flourishing in every corner of the world and most eastern Europeans themselves were farmers who could be sold along with the land they worked, was like announcing that there was a new sun in the sky. In the Age of Sugar, when slavery was more brutal than ever before, the idea that all humans are equal began to spread—toppling kings, overturning governments, transforming the entire world. How do the details in the passage support the central idea?

They provide examples of how laws and attitudes about equality changed in France.

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Really! Did a big dog run after you? But it didn't bite you? No, dogs don't bite nice little dolly children. You mustn't look at the parcels, Ivar. What are they? Ah, I daresay you would like to know. No, no—it's something nasty! Come, let us have a game! What shall we play at? Hide and Seek? Yes, we'll play Hide and Seek. Bob shall hide first. Must I hide? Very well, I'll hide first. [She and the children laugh and shout, and romp in and out of the room; at last NORA hides under the table, the children rush in and out for her, but do not see her; they hear her smothered laughter, run to the table, lift up the cloth and find her. Shouts of laughter. She crawls forward and pretends to frighten them. Fresh laughter. Meanwhile there has been a knock at the hall door, but none of them has noticed it. The door is half opened, and KROGSTAD appears, he waits a little; the game goes on.] Krogstad: Excuse me, Mrs. Helmer: Nora: [with a stifled cry, turns round and gets up on to her knees] Ah! what do you want? Krogstad: Excuse me, the outer door was ajar; I suppose someone forgot to shut it. Nora: [rising] My husband is out, Mr. Krogstad. How do the stage directions in brackets affect the meaning of the text?

They show that Nora goes from playing happily with her children to being startled by Krogstad, an unwelcome visitor.

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince. Nevertheless a prince ought to inspire fear in such a way that, if he does not win love, he avoids hatred; because he can endure very well being feared whilst he is not hated, which will always be as long as he abstains from the property of his citizens and subjects and from their women. But when it is necessary for him to proceed against the life of someone, he must do it on proper justification and for manifest cause, but above all things he must keep his hands off the property of others, because men more quickly forget the death of their father than the loss of their patrimony. Besides, pretexts for taking away the property are never wanting; for he who has once begun to live by robbery will always find pretexts for seizing what belongs to others; but reasons for taking life, on the contrary, are more difficult to find and sooner lapse. But when a prince is with his army, and has under control a multitude of soldiers, then it is quite necessary for him to disregard the reputation of cruelty, for without it he would never hold his army united or disposed to its duties. What impact do the words feared and hatred have on the meaning of the passage?

They suggest that a ruler who is feared can retain power, while a ruler who is hated is less likely to do so.

How do the authors use historical evidence to support their claim in this passage?

They use primary-source quotations to show that enslaved people in Saint Domingue were willing to destroy property to gain their freedom.

Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. The prejudice against Nnaemeka's marriage was not confined to his little village. In Lagos, especially among his people who worked there, it showed itself in a different way. Their women, when they met at their village meeting, were not hostile to Nene. Rather, they paid her such excessive deference as to make her feel she was not one of them. But as time went on, Nene gradually broke through some of this prejudice and even began to make friends among them. Slowly and grudgingly they began to admit that she kept her home much better than most of them. What cultural value is revealed through the women's actions toward Nene?

They value strong housekeeping skills.

Which is a complex sentence?

They will not defeat their enemy until they come up with a better strategy.

Read the excerpt from "The Crab That Played with the Sea." He went North, Best Beloved, and he found All-the-Elephant-there-was digging with his tusks and stamping with his feet in the nice new clean earth that had been made ready for him. 'Kun?' said All-the-Elephant-there-was, meaning, 'Is this right?' 'Payah kun,' said the Eldest Magician, meaning, 'That is quite right'; and he breathed upon the great rocks and lumps of earth that All-the-Elephant-there-was had thrown up, and they became the great Himalayan Mountains, and you can look them out on the map. He went East, and he found All-the-Cow-there-was feeding in the field that had been made ready for her, and she licked her tongue round a whole forest at a time, and swallowed it and sat down to chew her cud. 'Kun?' said All-the-Cow-there-was. 'Payah kun,' said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the bare patch where she had eaten, and upon the place where she had sat down, and one became the great Indian Desert, and the other became the Desert of Sahara, and you can look them out on the map. He went West, and he found All-the-Beaver-there-was making a beaver-dam across the mouths of broad rivers that had been got ready for him. 'Kun?' said All-the-Beaver-there-was. 'Payah kun,' said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the fallen trees and the still water, and they became the Everglades in Florida, and you may look them out on the map. Then he went South and found All-the-Turtle-there-was scratching with his flippers in the sand that had been got ready for him, and the sand and the rocks whirled through the air and fell far off into the sea. 'Kun?' said All-the-Turtle-there-was. 'Payah kun,' said the Eldest Magician; and he breathed upon the sand and the rocks, where they had fallen in the sea, and they became the most beautiful islands of Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, Java, and the rest of the Malay Archipelago, and you can look them out on the map! Which details from the excerpt best support the conclusion that this sto

Things turn into geographical features of the Earth, such as the Himalayas, when the Eldest Magician blows on them. The author refers to the animals as "All-the-Elephant-there-was," "All-the-Beaver-there-was," and "All-the-Turtle-there-was."

Dr. Rank knows about Christine, Torvald doesn't. Why?

Torvald gets jealous when Nora talks about her old friends so she only talks about them with Rank.

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: Just think how a guilty man like that has to lie and play the hypocrite with every one, how he has to wear a mask in the presence of those near and dear to him, even before his own wife and children. And about the children—that is the most terrible part of it all, Nora. Nora: How? Helmer: Because such an atmosphere of lies infects and poisons the whole life of a home. Each breath the children take in such a house is full of the germs of evil. Nora: [coming nearer him] Are you sure of that? Helmer: My dear, I have often seen it in the course of my life as a lawyer. Almost everyone who has gone to the bad early in life has had a deceitful mother. Nora: Why do you only say—mother? Helmer: It seems most commonly to be the mother's influence, though naturally a bad father's would have the same result. Every lawyer is familiar with the fact. This Krogstad, now, has been persistently poisoning his own children with lies and dissimulation; that is why I say he has lost all moral character. [Holds out his hands to her.] That is why my sweet little Nora must promise me not to plead his cause. Give me your hand on it. Come, come, what is this? Give me your hand. There now, that's settled. I assure you it would be quite impossible for me to work with him; I literally feel physically ill when I am in the company of such people. Nora: [takes her hand out of his and goes to the opposite side of the Christmas Tree]. How hot it is in here; and I have such a lot to do. Which statement makes the most accurate inference about Torvald's character, based on this passage?

Torvald hates people who lie, and he believes that liars negatively affect their children with their hypocrisy.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Sugar has left a bloody trail through human history. Sugar plantations from Africa to the Caribbean and Louisiana and as far as Hawaii are haunted by stories of brutality, torture, rape, and murder. When slaves rebelled, they often took gruesome revenge on their masters, only to face even more horrific reprisals when the owners and overseers regained control. Indenture was a step better than slavery, but masters did their best to intimidate workers to keep wages low and silence critics. Violence was the very soil from which sugar sprang. The only way to fight sugar masters, it seemed, was for the workers to be harder, tougher, and more willing to accept bloodshed than the owners. Gandhi began to see that there was a way for the indentured Indians to strengthen themselves without having to rely on machetes and guns. Freedom, he realized, did not come only from rising up against oppressors or tyrants. It could also be found in oneself. The mere fact that the sugar masters treated their workers as some form of property did not mean the Indians had to accept that definition. In fact, it was up to them to claim, to assert, their own worth, their own value. A man who had his inner, personal dignity was free—no matter how a boss tried to bully him. Gandhi's years in South Africa became a laboratory, as he experimented with how to be a truthful, free person. Finally, he was ready to put his ideas into practice. Which statement best describes the claim the authors make in this passage?

Violent uprisings were common, but Gandhi worked to show that resistance could be nonviolent.

Read the excerpt from President John F. Kennedy's 1961 inaugural address. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge—and more. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do—for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.

We will do whatever it takes to preserve our freedom, but will get more done working together.

One topic of a story is innocence. Which statements are universal themes associated with this topic? Select three options.

When the boy saw the effects of war, he no longer viewed life as innocent. One way to define innocence is as a lack of worldly experience or sophistication. Protecting the innocence of others prevents them from taking risks in their lives.

Read the passage. Congress needs to pass legislation to protect the endangered species—and all organisms—currently threatened by climate change. All Americans realize that these creatures deserve the chance to survive without threats outside of their control. If Congress fails to address this today, then we all lose.

Which fallacies appear in this passage? Select three options. A).An appeal to emotion is used to make people feel guilty if they do not support the legislation. B).A false dilemma is used to claim that legislation is the only way to protect the environment. D.)A bandwagon appeal is used to suggest that every American wants to help endangered species.

Which rhetorical device does Obama use in this passage? C) Anaphora

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince. Among the wonderful deeds of Hannibal this one is enumerated: that having led an enormous army, composed of many various races of men, to fight in foreign lands, no dissensions arose either among them or against the prince, whether in his bad or in his good fortune. This arose from nothing else than his inhuman cruelty, which, with his boundless valour, made him revered and terrible in the sight of his soldiers, but without that cruelty, his other virtues were not sufficient to produce this effect. How does the author's diction affect the tone in this passage?

Words like wonderful, boundless, valour, revered, and virtues support a tone of admiration.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: You must not think of anything but me, either today or tomorrow; you mustn't open a single letter—not even open the letter-box— Helmer: Ah, you are still afraid of that fellow— Nora: Yes, indeed I am. Helmer: Nora, I can tell from your looks that there is a letter from him lying there. Nora: I don't know; I think there is; but you must not read anything of that kind now. Nothing horrid must come between us until this is all over. Rank: [whispers to HELMER] You mustn't contradict her. Helmer: [taking her in his arms] The child shall have her way. But tomorrow night, after you have danced— Nora: Then you will be free. [The MAID appears in the doorway to the right.] Maid: Dinner is served, ma'am. Nora: We will have champagne, Helen. Maid: Very good, ma'am. [Exit.] Helmer: Hullo!—are we going to have a banquet? Nora: Yes, a champagne banquet until the small hours. [Calls out.] And a few macaroons, Helen—lots, just for once! Helmer: Come, come, don't be so wild and nervous. Be my own little skylark, as you used. Nora: Yes, dear, I will. But go in now and you too, Doctor Rank. Christine, you must help me to do up my hair. Rank: [whispers to HELMER as they go out] I suppose there is nothing—she is not expecting anything? Helmer: Far from it, my dear fellow; it is simply nothing more than this childish nervousness I was telling you of. [They go into the right-hand room.] Nora: Well? Mrs. Linde: Gone out of town. Nora: I could tell from your face. Mrs. Linde: He is coming home tomorrow evening. I wrote a note for him. Nora: You should have let it alone; you must prevent nothing. After all, it is splendid to be waiting for a wonderful thing to happen. Mrs. Linde: What is it that you are waiting for? Nora: Oh, you wouldn't understand. Go in to them, I will come in a moment. [MRS. LINDE goes into the dining-room. NORA stands still for a little while, as if to compose herself. Then she looks at her watch.] Five o'clock. Seven hours until midnight; and then four-and-twenty hours until the next midnight. Then the Tarantella will be over. Twenty-four and seven? Thirty-one hours to live. Helmer: [from the doorway on the right] Where's my little skylark? Nora: [going to him with her arms outstretched] Here she is! What evidence from the text supports the prediction that Helmer will learn the contents of the letter? Select three options.

XXX a,b,c

Read the excerpt from "Social Media Made the Arab Spring, But Couldn't Save It" by Jessi Hempel. Even when activists are able to get their messages out, they have trouble galvanizing people to actually take action. The sentiments that gain the largest audiences often contain religious elements, according to Mansour Al-hadj, who is a director at the Middle East Media Research Institute. "The message by itself without any religious element in it, wouldn't work in the long run," he says. "The activists' accounts on Twitter and Facebook are very active and they have a lot of followers, but they cannot drive masses," he says, because their sentiments are more moderate. Laced through media coverage of the Arab Spring was what turned out to be the naïve hope that people were inherently, unequivocally good and that unleashing their collective consciousness via social media would naturally result in good things happening. But it turns out that consciousness was not so collective after all. The tools that catalyzed the Arab Spring, we've learned, are only as good or as bad as those who use them. And as it turns out, bad people are also very good at social media. Militant groups like the Islamic State have been reported to recruit converts using Facebook and Twitter and use encrypted communications technology to coordinate attacks. What reasons does the author give to support the claim that it is difficult for a message to move people to take action? Select two options.

a description of how the Islamic State and other militant groups fail to effect change an explanation of why social media messages that are not extreme are sometimes ineffective

Read the passage. The woman in the last apartment down the hall was somewhat of a misanthrope, according to most people in Keira's building. She almost never came out of her apartment, but when she did, she answered hellos with a glare, as if she were being insulted. Keira was sure that she could find a way to get to know the woman, if only she could figure out how to invite herself into the woman's apartment to chat. Based on inferences, what is the most likely meaning of misanthrope?

a person who hates or mistrusts other people

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation about clothing and waste. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which is the most effective combination of visual aids for this prompt?

a photo of a landfill full of clothing and a graph showing statistics on how much clothing gets thrown away

What would serve as strong evidence of the universal theme of conflict between children and parents in Amy Tan's story "Two Kinds"?

a quotation revealing the dreams of Jing-mei's mother

What is the best definition of the literary term allusion?

a reference in a text to a well-known text, person, event, or thing

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince. Among the wonderful deeds of Hannibal this one is enumerated: that having led an enormous army, composed of many various races of men, to fight in foreign lands, no dissensions arose either among them or against the prince, whether in his bad or in his good fortune. This arose from nothing else than his inhuman cruelty, which, with his boundless valour, made him revered and terrible in the sight of his soldiers, but without that cruelty, his other virtues were not sufficient to produce this effect. And short-sighted writers admire his deeds from one point of view and from another condemn the principal cause of them. What kind of evidence does Machiavelli use in this passage to explain Hannibal's effectiveness?

anecdotal evidence in the form of historical examples

Which two factors combine to form an author's purpose for writing a text?

audience and message

How can you infer a character's motivation? Select three options.

by identifying a specific thought, feeling, or action by making a logical guess about motive based on clues and your previous knowledge by looking for and citing evidence in the text as to why the character might think, feel, or act that way

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The leaders of the American Revolution kept close watch as the former slaves fought for their freedom in Haiti. But that fight split the Founding Fathers—who had their own conflicts about how to deal with slavery in the new United States. When John Adams was president, he sent guns and supplies to Toussaint to help in the struggle against the French. Thomas Jefferson, though, was terrified by the success of the Haitian revolution. When Thomas Jefferson succeeded Adams, he saw Haiti only as a threat. He expected ex-slaves from the island to spread into America, preaching freedom and rebellion to the slaves. "Unless something is done," he warned, "and soon done, we shall be the murderers of our own children . . . ; the revolutionary storm now sweeping the globe will be upon us." So he refused to recognize Haiti—America's only sister republic. In fact, it was not until 1862 that Abraham Lincoln, about to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, finally established relations with Haiti. Americans like Jefferson were proud of having fought for their freedom. But as long as they could still see Africans as property, they could not treat Haitians as equally brave and courageous human beings. For if Haitians could claim their freedom and be recognized by America, why couldn't slaves within the United States do the same thing? In this passage, how do the authors use historical details to support the claim that US political leaders' positions on slavery impacted the relations between the United States and Haiti? Select three options.

Read the excerpt from a newspaper article. Last night, Fairview police arrested six university students for involvement in an illegal gambling ring. Today, community leaders and university officials are claiming that Professor Shuman, the students' academic advisor, should also be arrested. Dr. Harris, the department chairperson, reports that Schuman has recently started holding group tutoring sessions in his campus office in the evenings. Video footage from security cameras outside the campus building shows him exiting on several occasions with some of the accused students. Although Shuman denies the gambling ring allegations, he was most likely involved with this illegal activity. How should this excerpt be edited to make it more objective?

by removing the commentary that the professor is most likely involved in the gambling ring

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: That is like a woman! But seriously, Nora, you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing. There can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt. We two have kept bravely on the straight road so far, and we will go on the same way for the short time longer that there need be any struggle. Nora: [moving towards the stove]. As you please, Torvald. Helmer: [following her]. Come, come, my little skylark must not droop her wings. What is this! Is my little squirrel out of temper? [Taking out his purse.] Nora, what do you think I have got here? Nora: [turning around quickly]. Money! Helmer: There you are. [Gives her some money.] Do you think I don't know what a lot is wanted for housekeeping at Christmas-time? Nora: [counting]. Ten shillings—a pound—two pounds! Thank you, thank you, Torvald; that will keep me going for a long time. Helmer: Indeed it must. How does the author use the character of Torvald Helmer to explore a social issue?

by revealing attitudes related to spending and saving that many men held during the Victorian era

Read the passage. (1) Fights have been a part of hockey for decades, but should they continue to characterize the sport? (2) For my part, I believe that fighting should not be allowed in hockey. (3) Hockey fights lead to injuries for the players, such as pulled muscles and concussions. (4) Hockey fights set a poor example for fans watching, particularly children. (5) Children will look to athletes as role models and mimic their behaviors, leading to violence or injuries. How can the passage best be revised to eliminate logical fallacies and improve clarity? Select three options.

by revising sentence 5 to eliminate the use of slippery slope by adding the transition for example to the beginning of sentence 5 by adding the transition additionally to the beginning of sentence 4

cause and effect.

Read the passage from "Two Kinds." I had assumed that my talent-show fiasco meant I never had to play the piano again. But two days later, after school, my mother came out of the kitchen and saw me watching TV. "Four clock," she reminded me as if it were any other day. I was stunned, as though she were asking me to go through the talent-show torture again. I wedged myself more tightly in front of the TV. "Turn off TV," she called from the kitchen five minutes later. I didn't budge. And then I decided. I didn't have to do what mother said anymore. I wasn't her slave. This wasn't China. I had listened to her before and look what happened. She was the stupid one. She came out from the kitchen and stood in the arched entryway of the living room. "Four clock," she said once again, louder. "I'm not going to play anymore," I said nonchalantly. "Why should I? I'm not a genius." She walked over and stood in front of the TV. I saw her chest was heaving up and down in an angry way. "No!" I said, and I now felt stronger, as if my true self had finally emerged. So this was what had been inside me all along. "No! I won't!" I screamed. What type of conflict occurs in the passage?

character vs. character

Read the scenario. A construction company reaches out to a local newspaper with news that it will be expanding its business in the near future. The company promises to share more specific information exclusively with the newspaper in exchange for the newspaper running free advertisements for the company. What are the most ethical decisions for the newspaper to make in this situation? Select two options.

confirm the company's expansion through other sources before reporting it be completely transparent in reporting about the company's attempt to trade favors

cultural allusion.

democratic Germans

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. This passage is about Egypt. Almost immediately after the Arab uprisings began, there was debate over the role and influence of social media in the ouster of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the imminent overthrow of [Egyptian president Hosni] Mubarak. In covering what some deemed the Facebook or Twitter revolutions, the media focused heavily on young protesters mobilizing in the streets in political opposition, smartphones in hand. And since then, the violent and sectarian unrest in Syria has brought increased attention to the role of citizen journalism. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of "the internet, mobile phones, and social media" in the protests. Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. What kind of evidence could the authors add to this text to strengthen their claim and make their argument even more effective?

detailed examples of media outlets and civil society leaders

evidence to support an opinion words with strong connotations

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The enslaved people on Saint Domingue were not merely fighting against the terrible conditions on the island. They were fighting for principles that they had learned from Europeans and Americans—from people similar to their own slave masters. The trio of great principles behind the French Revolution that began in 1789 consisted of "liberty, equality, fraternity" (brotherhood). As boats arrived in Saint Domingue from France, slaves learned that a revolution was going on in the name of human rights. Already, they'd been given a taste of great change because of a revolution closer to home. In 1779, a regiment of free blacks from Saint Domingue went to America to join in the fight for independence. They brought home with them the idea that "all men are created equal." Two years after the meeting in Alligator Woods, on August 29, 1793, the leading French official on Saint Domingue realized that there was no point in opposing Toussaint and his armies. The slaves had freed themselves. And the following February, Paris agreed. The ideal of brotherhood announced by the revolutionaries of Paris finally included the sugar workers of Saint Domingue. Which details do the authors include to support the claim in this passage? Select two options.

explanations of how revolutionary ideas spread to Saint Domingue examples of revolutionary ideas from other countries

Read the excerpt from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. In Europe, only one nation and those it controls refuse to join the community of freedom. Yet in this age of redoubled economic growth, of information and innovation, the Soviet Union faces a choice: It must make fundamental changes, or it will become obsolete. Today thus represents a moment of hope. We in the West stand ready to cooperate with the East to promote true openness, to break down barriers that separate people, to create a safer, freer world. Which rhetorical technique does this paragraph demonstrate?

false dilemma

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them. What type of logical error underlies the argument that African Americans were inferior?

genetic fallacy

hasty generalization

What does the letter that arrives for Mrs. Helmer say?

he repents, returns the bond and will not seek legal action

How to Build a Fire Pit 1. Create the base. To ensure you get the preferred size, begin by using a tape measure to measure the desired width and then spray paint a circle on the site to use as a guide. Then, dig out the hole, being careful to stay within those lines. Don't skip this step! The end result should be a nice, evenly rounded (not lopsided) base, about 4 inches in depth. Next, dig a hole and fill it with about 50 pounds of River Jacks gravel. After evening out the gravel with a rake, the depth of your stone should be about 2 inches, allowing plenty of material for burying those last smoldering logs. We compact the rock with the back of a shovel to make a nice firm surface. 2. Install the keystones, which are the base stones surrounding the steel liner. These stones form a curved, or arched, configuration, from the ground to the top of the liner. 3. Fill in the gap between the fire ring and the keystones with modified stone. 4. Add the capstones to the top of the keystones, so that they are above the highest point of the steel liner. 5. Surround the pit with an 18-inch circle of River Jacks gravel. Which revisions would make the diagram of the fire pit more effective? Select three options.

including images for each step of the process adding a label to indicate the depth of the fire pit including labels for all materials mentioned

Read the statements. Surely you can see that President Theodore Roosevelt was by far the greatest president ever. He was a big reason why we beat the Axis Powers during WWII. Which best describes the word choice of these statements?

informal and subjective

Read the passage from "Cinderella" by the Brothers Grimm. The girl went out to her mother's grave every day and wept, and she remained pious and good. When winter came the snow spread a white cloth over the grave, and when the spring sun had removed it again, the man took himself another wife. This wife brought two daughters into the house with her. They were beautiful, with fair faces, but evil and dark hearts. Times soon grew very bad for the poor stepchild. . . . Now it happened that the king proclaimed a festival that was to last three days. All the beautiful young girls in the land were invited, so that his son could select a bride for himself. When the two stepsisters heard that they too had been invited, they were in high spirits. They called Cinderella, saying, "Comb our hair for us. Brush our shoes and fasten our buckles. We are going to the festival at the king's castle." Cinderella obeyed, but wept, because she too would have liked to go to the dance with them. She begged her stepmother to allow her to go. "You, Cinderella?" she said. "You, all covered with dust and dirt, and you want to go to the festival? You have neither clothes nor shoes, and yet you want to dance!" However, because Cinderella kept asking, the stepmother finally said, "I have scattered a bowl of lentils into the ashes for you. If you can pick them out again in two hours, then you may go with us." The stepmother is most likely motivated by

jealousy.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. [Alarum. Enter BRUTUS and MESSALA] BRUTUS. Ride, ride, Messala, ride, and give these bills Unto the legions on the other side. [Loud alarum] Let them set on at once, for I perceive But cold demeanour in Octavius' wing, And sudden push gives them the overthrow. Ride, ride, Messala, let them all come down. [Exeunt] What does Shakespeare mean by the phrase "cold demeanour" as spoken by Brutus in this passage?

lack of enthusiasm

Read the passage from "The Crab That Played with the Sea." But towards evening, when people and things grow restless and tired, there came up the Man (With his own little girl-daughter?)—Yes, with his own best beloved little girl-daughter sitting upon his shoulder, and he said, 'What is this play, Eldest Magician?' And the Eldest Magician said, 'Ho, Son of Adam, this is the play of the Very Beginning; but you are too wise for this play.' And the Man saluted and said, 'Yes, I am too wise for this play; but see that you make all the Animals obedient to me.' What is the tone in this passage?

light and affectionate

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince. Nevertheless a prince ought to inspire fear in such a way that, if he does not win love, he avoids hatred; because he can endure very well being feared whilst he is not hated, which will always be as long as he abstains from the property of his citizens and subjects and from their women. But when it is necessary for him to proceed against the life of someone, he must do it on proper justification and for manifest cause, but above all things he must keep his hands off the property of others, because men more quickly forget the death of their father than the loss of their patrimony. Besides, pretexts for taking away the property are never wanting; for he who has once begun to live by robbery will always find pretexts for seizing what belongs to others; but reasons for taking life, on the contrary, are more difficult to find and sooner lapse. What type of evidence does Machiavelli use to support his claim in this passage?

logical evidence

Read the passage from chapter 17 of The Prince. Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with. Because this is to be asserted in general of men, that they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as you succeed they are yours entirely; they will offer you their blood, property, life, and children, as is said above, when the need is far distant; but when it approaches they turn against you. And that prince who, relying entirely on their promises, has neglected other precautions, is ruined; because friendships that are obtained by payments, and not by greatness or nobility of mind, may indeed be earned, but they are not secured, and in time of need cannot be relied upon; and men have less scruple in offending one who is beloved than one who is feared, for love is preserved by the link of obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their advantage; but fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails. What type of evidence does Machiavelli most use to support the argument that it is better for a prince to be feared than loved?

logical evidence in the form of generalizations

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. . . . To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. . . . Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system. What evidence does Justice Warren give for his reason in this passage?

logical evidence, because Warren is drawing a reasonable conclusion that segregating children is psychologically harmful

PRESS RELEASE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE September 10, 2018 Fairfax Announces Construction of the UOSA Water Reclamation Plant In a positive move for residents concerned about water preservation in our current drought, the city of Fairfax is proud to announce plans for the UOSA Water Reclamation Plant. After being completed in the spring of 2019, this state-of-the-art water-recycling facility will begin supplementing the city's current water supply (the Occoquan Reservoir) with runoff collected from Fairfax homes and businesses. City officials anticipate that the plant will feed 20,0000 gallons of recycled water a year back into the municipal water supply. In sum, water-reclamation specialists explain the recycling process as follows: • Water runoff is collected from homes, businesses, and factories in the city of Fairfax. • Collected runoff is pumped, via the UOSA Pump Station, to the plant. • At the plant, water is passed through seven different levels of filtration and tested for purity before being released into the UOSA Reservoir. • Recycled water from the UOSA Reservoir then flows through the UOSA Dam back into the Occoquan Reservoir via Bull Run. Which revisions would most make this document more informative? Select two options.

numbers replacing the bullets in the steps of the water-recycling process numbers on the illustration indicating the corresponding steps in the text

Read the prompt for Kimi's essay. Cell phone use has a detrimental impact on student learning. Write a research-based essay to inform readers about why this statement is valid. Properly cite research evidence to educate the audience about the topic. What type of informative essay should Kimi write?

one that presents well-organized and synthesized facts that demonstrate how cell phone use negatively affects learning

Read the excerpt from a speech by the class president petitioning the principal to build a new stadium. Our stadium is crumbling, and the effects have been felt for generations! If we built a new stadium, our community would benefit, and millions would flock to town for the home games. Profits would soar, as local businesses would be flooded with new clients on game nights. And your legacy as the best principal ever would be established for all to see. Which rhetorical technique is the speaker using?

overstatement

Read the excerpt from President Ronald Reagan's speech on the night before the 1980 presidential election. I know that tonight the fate of America's 52 hostages is very much on the minds of all of us. Like you, there is nothing I want more than their safe return—that they be reunited with their families after this long year of imprisonment. When they have returned, all of us will be turning to the concerns that will determine the course of America in the next four years. A child born this year will begin his or her adult life in what will be the 21st century. What kind of country, what kind of legacy will we leave to these young men and women who will live out America's third century as a nation? Which techniques does President Reagan use in this excerpt? Select three options.

pathos overstatement shift

Which scenarios are considered ethically acceptable for journalists? Select three options.

paying money to attend a conference about climate change in order to do research for an article ending an investigation because it may lead to violence and disunity in a local community interviewing the CEOs of two insurance companies that are competing against each other

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. Asha is planning to attend an important city council meeting about potential locations for a new public library. Several members of the city council will be in attendance, but community members are invited to participate as well. Asha wants to present her point of view about where the library should be built. What can Asha do to prepare for this discussion? Select two options.

prepare notes summarizing her point of view and some facts to support it visit the city council's website to learn about city council meeting rules and protocol

Read an excerpt from an article that Max is using to provide evidence for his paper on filmmaking. Filmmaking can be broken down into three phases. The preproduction phase includes things such as securing financing for the film, writing the script, scouting locations, and hiring cast and crew. In the production phase the actual recording of the video and audio takes place. This phase also includes things such as setting up cameras, electricity, lights, and sound. Makeup, costume, and set designers are on hand during this phase as well. Finally, during the postproduction phase, the film is edited, sound and visual effects are inserted, and a music score is added. Max wants to organize this information into a table with three columns. Which is the best way to sort the information?

preproduction, production, postproduction

On what basis should a reader evaluate evidence for effectiveness? Select three options.

relevance to the central idea sufficiency to support the purpose credibility of the source

Read the passage from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. In the 1950s, Khrushchev predicted: "We will bury you." But in the West today, we see a free world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human history. In the Communist world, we see failure, technological backwardness, declining standards of health, even want of the most basic kind—too little food. Even today, the Soviet Union still cannot feed itself. After these four decades, then, there stands before the entire world one great and inescapable conclusion: Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace. Freedom is the victor. And now the Soviets themselves may, in a limited way, be coming to understand the importance of freedom. We hear much from Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness. Some political prisoners have been released. Certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed. Some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state control. Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state? Or are they token gestures, intended to raise false hopes in the West . . . ? We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace. What type of rhetorical device does Reagan use when referring to freedom in this passage?

repetition

Read the passage from "Little Red Riding Hood." In this older version of the story, she is called "Little Red- Cap." The grandmother lived out in the wood, half a league from the village, and just as Little Red-Cap entered the wood, a wolf met her. Little Red-Cap did not know what a wicked creature he was, and was not at all afraid of him. "Good day, Little Red-Cap," said he. "Thank you kindly, wolf." "Whither away so early, Little Red-Cap?" "To my grandmother's." "What have you got in your apron?" "Cake and wine; yesterday was baking-day, so poor sick grandmother is to have something good, to make her stronger." "Where does your grandmother live, Little Red-Cap?" "A good quarter of a league farther on in the wood; her house stands under the three large oak-trees, the nut-trees are just below; you surely must know it," replied Little Red-Cap. What element of a plot does this passage illustrate?

rising action

Read the scenario. A journalist researches a possible scheme by a financial services company to steal money from its clients. He has one source, a woman who lost all of the money that she had invested with the company. He also talks to competing firms, who say that the company in question has no ethics. With just this information, the journalist publishes a story accusing the company of stealing clients' money. Which part of the code of ethics set by the Society of Professional Journalists does the journalist most violate?

seeking the truth and reporting news without bias

Read the first three paragraphs of "Two Kinds." My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America. You could open a restaurant. You could work for the government and get good retirement. You could buy a house with almost no money down. You could become rich. You could become instantly famous. "Of course you can be a prodigy, too," my mother told me when I was nine. "You can be best anything. What does Auntie Lindo know? Her daughter, she is only best tricky." America was where all my mother's hopes lay. She had come here in 1949 after losing everything in China: her mother and father, her family home, her first husband, and two daughters, twin baby girls. But she never looked back with regret. There were so many ways for things to get better. Based on this passage, what American value has the narrator's mother embraced?

self-fulfillment

Maddie is writing a rebuttal to the counterclaim that protecting people by refusing certain groups membership on social media sites violates Americans' First Amendment right to free speech. Read her rebuttal. (1) Social media is widely used by people of all ages, including children and adolescents. (2) Children and adolescents are still shaping their understanding of the world, making them vulnerable. (3) Social media provides a platform on which extremist groups can exploit that vulnerability. (4) It is unconscionable to expose young people to potential harm for purely philosophical reasons. Which sentence should Maddie revise to strengthen her rebuttal?

sentence 4 because it is not objective

sentence 5

Read the introduction to Dan DeLuca's argument. (1) Bob Dylan is the songwriter who opened up the doors of possibility to all who followed. (2) He was the mysterious bard with a guitar who sent out a clarion call—first as the acoustic Voice of His Generation, then as the plugged-in rocker who remained a master of the unexpected for five decades—that the words pop singers sang were worthy of being taken seriously. (3) "Dylan was a revolutionary," Bruce Springsteen said in his 1988 speech inducting Dylan into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. (4) "The way that Elvis freed your body, Bob freed your mind." (5) Early masterpieces such as "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall" and "Visions Of Johanna" and "Like A Rolling Stone" fueled a debate: Are rock lyrics poetry? (6) The answer must be yes, because on Thursday, Dylan was awarded the highest honor for a writer: the Nobel Prize in literature. (7) The Swedish Academy, in making him the first American winner since novelist Toni Morrison in 1993, cited him for "having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition." Which sentence states DeLuca's claim?

sentence 6

Read the excerpt from Prime Minister Winston Churchill's "Their Finest Hour" speech, delivered to the United Kingdom's House of Commons in 1940. During the first four years of the last war the Allies experienced nothing but disaster and disappointment. That was our constant fear: one blow after another, terrible losses, frightful dangers. Everything miscarried. And yet at the end of those four years the morale of the Allies was higher than that of the Germans, who had moved from one aggressive triumph to another, and who stood everywhere triumphant invaders of the lands into which they had broken. The rhetorical technique used in this excerpt is

shift

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. Let us not forget that between the appointments of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor in 1981 and Justice Ginsburg in 1992, eleven years passed. Similarly, between Justice Kaye's initial appointment as an Associate Judge to the New York Court of Appeals in 1983, and Justice Ciparick's appointment in 1993, ten years elapsed. Almost nine years later, we are waiting for a third appointment of a woman to both the Supreme Court and the New York Court of Appeals and of a second minority, male or female, preferably Hispanic, to the Supreme Court. In 1992 when I joined the bench, there were still two out of 13 circuit courts and about 53 out of 92 district courts in which no women sat. At the beginning of September of 2001, there are women sitting in all 3 circuit courts. The First, Fifth, Eighth and Federal Circuits each have only one female judge, however, out of a combined total number of 48 judges. There are still nearly 37 district courts with no women judges at all. For women of color the statistics are more sobering. As of September 20, 1998, of the then 195 circuit court judges, only two were African-American women and two Hispanic women. Of the 641 district court judges, only twelve were African-American women and eleven Hispanic women. African-American women comprise only 1.56% of the federal judiciary and Hispanic-American women comprise only 1%. No African-American, male or female, sits today on the Fourth or Federal circuits. And no Hispanics, male or female, sit on the Fourth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, District of Columbia or Federal Circuits. Sort of shocking, isn't it? This is the year 2002. We have a long way to go. Unfortunately, there are some very deep storm warnings we must keep in mind. In at least the last five years the majority of nominated judges the Senate delayed more than one year before confirming or never confirming were women or minorities. I need not remind this audience that Judge Paez of your home Circuit, the Ninth Circuit, has had the dubious distinction of having had his confirmation delayed the longest in Senate history. These figures demonstrate that there is a real and continuing need for Latino and Latina organizations and community groups throughout the country to exist and to continue their efforts of promoting women and men of all colors in their pursuit for equality in the judicial system. The rhetorical technique most used in this excerpt is

shift.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. CASCA. I can as well be hanged as tell the manner of it. It was mere foolery, I did not mark it. I saw Mark Antony offer him a crown—yet 'twas not a crown neither, 'twas one of these coronets—and, as I told245 you he put it by once; but, for all that, to my thinking he would fain have had it. Then he offered it to him again; then he put it by again— but to my thinking he was very loath to lay his fingers off it. And then he offered it the third250 time; he put it the third time by. And still as he refused it, the rabblement hooted, and clapped their chapped hands, and threw up their sweaty nightcaps and uttered such a deal of stinking breath because Caesar refused the crown that it had almost choked260 Caesar; for he swooned and fell down at it. And for mine own part, I durst not laugh for fear of opening my lips and receiving the bad air. Which senses does this excerpt appeal to? Select three options.

sight: "swooned and fell down" sound: "the rabblement hooted" touch: "chapped hands

Read Ara's rebuttal from an argumentative essay. While it is true that changing class times poses logistical problems, the fact remains: students at our high school are not getting enough sleep, and this is affecting their ability to learn. What kind of evidence would best support the rebuttal? Select three options.

statistics about how many hours teenagers need to sleep statistics about the sleeping habits of high school students information about the effects of sleep deprivation on teenagers

Read the passage from The Arabian Nights Entertainments. Sire, there was once upon a time a fisherman so old and so poor that he could scarcely manage to support his wife and three children. He went every day to fish very early, and each day he made a rule not to throw his nets more than four times. He started out one morning by moonlight and came to the sea-shore. He undressed and threw his nets, and as he was drawing them towards the bank he felt a great weight. He thought he had caught a large fish, and he felt very pleased. But a moment afterwards, seeing that instead of a fish he only had in his nets the carcase of an ass, he was much disappointed. Vexed with having such a bad haul, when he had mended his nets, which the carcase of the ass had broken in several places, he threw them a second time. In drawing them in he again felt a great weight, so that he thought they were full of fish. But he only found a large basket full of rubbish. He was much annoyed. "O Fortune," he cried, "do not trifle thus with me, a poor fisherman, who can hardly support his family!" So saying, he threw away the rubbish, and after having washed his nets clean of the dirt, he threw them for the third time. But he only drew in stones, shells, and mud. He was almost in despair. The main character's motivation is to

support his wife and three children.

Read the scenario. A pilot is being investigated after an air-traffic accident led to many passengers being injured and hospitalized. Reports about a cover-up by the airline are surfacing, and people have accused the pilot of negligence. The editor-in-chief of the local newspaper has just assigned the story to the most experienced investigative reporter in the newsroom. However, the reporter's uncle is the pilot being investigated. No one in the newsroom knows about this connection. What is the most ethical course of action the reporter could take?

tell the editor-in-chief about her relationship to the pilot, and ask that the story be assigned to another reporter

that African American people were not part of the group considered citizens by the Constitution

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 5, scene 5. BRUTUS. Come hither, good Volumnius. List a word. VOLUMNIUS. What says my lord? BRUTUS. Why this, Volumnius. The ghost of Caesar hath appeared to me2370 Two several times by night—at Sardis once, And this last night, here in Philippi fields. I know my hour is come. VOLUMNIUS. Not so, my lord. BRUTUS. Nay, I am sure it is, Volumnius. Thou seest the world, Volumnius, how it goes.2375 Our enemies have beat us to the pit, [Low alarums] It is more worthy to leap in ourselves Than tarry till they push us. Which conclusion does this excerpt best support?

that Brutus is considering taking his own life

that Scott is not a citizen of Missouri

Read the passage from "Two Kinds." "You want me to be something that I'm not!" I sobbed. "I'll never be the kind of daughter you want me to be!" "Only two kinds of daughters," she shouted in Chinese. "Those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind! Only one kind of daughter can live in this house. Obedient daughter!" What cultural value is revealed through the mother's words?

the Chinese value that children should obey their parents

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." Despite difficult personal problems and meager financial support from 1805 to 1812, the brothers proved themselves to be innovative scholars in the new field of German philology by publishing articles and books on medieval literature. In fact, they would be surprised to learn that they are more famous today for their tales than for their superb philological studies, which include pioneering work on German sound shifts, and the founding of the voluminous German Dictionary in 1854. But it was their training in philology and the demands that they placed on themselves as researchers that assisted their collecting and editing the tales. Which idea does the author introduce first?

the brothers' ability to overcome difficulties to succeed as scholars

Read the excerpt from Abra's narrative. I fell asleep to the sound of the dog snoring at my feet. The next day, I woke up to discover it had worked its way up the bed to tuck its head under my arm. When my mother put down a dish of food for the dog, it looked at me as if to ask me if I thought it should eat. It became clear to all of us that this new, unexpected addition to the household would become my dog, so I'd have to think up a name for it. What is the logical structure Abra uses for her narrative?

the chronological order

Read the two excerpts. "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre'" by Mark Memmott: As for Trujillo, he stayed in power until 1961, when he was assassinated. Last year, the BBC spoke with one of the army officers who killed the dictator. "The only way to get rid of him was to kill him," Gen. Antonio Imbert told the BBC. "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez: On May 30, 1961, nine months after our escape from our homeland, the group of plotters with whom my father had been associated assassinated the dictator. Actually, Dominicans do not refer to the death as an assassination but as an ajusticiamiento, a bringing to justice. Finally, after thirty-one years, Trujillo was brought to justice, found guilty, and executed. But the execution was an external event, not necessarily an internal exorcism. All their lives my parents, along with a nation of Dominicans, had learned the habits of repression, censorship, terror. Those habits would not disappear with a few bullets and a national liberation proclamation. They would not disappear on a plane ride north that put hundreds of miles distance between the island and our apartment in New York. The subject of both passages is

the circumstances under which Trujillo died.

Read this paragraph from chapter 5 of The Prince. There are, for example, the Spartans and the Romans. The Spartans held Athens and Thebes, establishing there an oligarchy: nevertheless they lost them. The Romans, in order to hold Capua, Carthage, and Numantia, dismantled them, and did not lose them. They wished to hold Greece as the Spartans held it, making it free and permitting its laws, and did not succeed. So to hold it they were compelled to dismantle many cities in the country, for in truth there is no safe way to retain them otherwise than by ruining them. And he who becomes master of a city accustomed to freedom and does not destroy it, may expect to be destroyed by it, for in rebellion it has always the watchword of liberty and its ancient privileges as a rallying point, which neither time nor benefits will ever cause it to forget. And whatever you may do or provide against, they never forget that name or their privileges unless they are disunited or dispersed, but at every chance they immediately rally to them, as Pisa after the hundred years she had been held in bondage by the Florentines. What idea is stressed in the passage?

the dismantling of an acquired state

Read this passage from chapter 5 of The Prince. There are, for example, the Spartans and the Romans. The Spartans held Athens and Thebes, establishing there an oligarchy: nevertheless they lost them. The Romans, in order to hold Capua, Carthage, and Numantia, dismantled them, and did not lose them. They wished to hold Greece as the Spartans held it, making it free and permitting its laws, and did not succeed. So to hold it they were compelled to dismantle many cities in the country, for in truth there is no safe way to retain them otherwise than by ruining them. And he who becomes master of a city accustomed to freedom and does not destroy it, may expect to be destroyed by it, for in rebellion it has always the watchword of liberty and its ancient privileges as a rallying point, which neither time nor benefits will ever cause it to forget. And whatever you may do or provide against, they never forget that name or their privileges unless they are disunited or dispersed, but at every chance they immediately rally to them, as Pisa after the hundred years she had been held in bondage by the Florentines. What text evidence supports Machiavelli's primary purpose to persuade readers that a conquering prince must destroy a former republic if he hopes to hold it? Select three options.

the explanation of how Rome held Capua, Carthage, and Numantia the description of liberty as a rallying cry for rebellion in former republics the example of the Florentines losing control over Pisa

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. . . . To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. . . . Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system. Whatever may have been the extent of psychological knowledge at the time of Plessy v. Ferguson, this finding is amply supported by modern authority. Any language in Plessy v. Ferguson contrary to this finding is rejected. What reason does Warren give for believing that "separate but equal" does not give minority children equal educational opportunities?

the findings that a sense of inferiority affects the motivation to learn

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them. What fallacy can you identify and discredit to develop a counterclaim to this claim?

the idea that African American people are inferior based on perceptions from an earlier time

Read the excerpt from "The Royal House of Thebes." Some hours later, Creon in the palace was startled by a shout, "Against your orders Polyneices has been buried." He hurried out to be confronted with the guards he had set on the dead body and with Antigone. "This girl buried him," they cried. "We saw her. A thick dust-storm gave her her chance. When it cleared, the body had been buried and the girl was making an offering to the dead." "You knew my edict?" Creon asked. "Yes," Antigone replied. "And you transgressed the law?" "Your law, but not the law of Justice who dwells with the gods," Antigone said. "The unwritten laws of heaven are not of today nor yesterday, but from all time." Which archetypes best describe Antigone? Select two options.

the tragic heroine the rebel

Study the editorial cartoon Join, or Die, created by Benjamin Franklin in 1754. What does the symbol of the divided snake most likely represent?

the weakness of American colonies when they operate separately

Which are independent clauses? Check all that apply.

they decided to take a long walk we were able to arrive on schedule he was unsure how to proceed

Is it odd that Helmer and Nora have never talked seriously in their eight year marriage? In today's society, is this odd?

this is odd and in today's society, this is definitely odd because today you have conversations about money, children, etc.

These three had elaborated old Major's teachings into a complete system of thought, to which they gave the name of Animalism. Several nights a week, after Mr. Jones was asleep, they held secret meetings in the barn and expounded the principles of Animalism to the others. At the beginning they met with much stupidity and apathy. Some of the animals talked of the duty of loyalty to Mr. Jones, whom they referred to as "Master," or made elementary remarks such as "Mr. Jones feeds us. If he were gone, we should starve to death." Others asked such questions as "Why should we care what happens after we are dead?" or "If this Rebellion is to happen anyway, what difference does it make whether we work for it or not?", and the pigs had great difficulty in making them see that this was contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The stupidest questions of all were asked by Mollie, the white mare. The very first question she asked Snowball was: "Will there still be sugar after the Rebellion?" Which details or events relating to the Russian Revolution does this passage most highlight? Select three options.

those who preferred life under the tsar plans to overthrow Tsar Nicholas II the development of communism

Read the passage from A Doll's House. [SCENE: A room furnished comfortably and tastefully, but not extravagantly. At the back, a door to the right leads to the entrance-hall, another to the left leads to Helmer's study. Between the doors stands a piano. In the middle of the left-hand wall is a door, and beyond it a window. Near the window are a round table, arm-chairs and a small sofa. In the right-hand wall, at the farther end, another door; and on the same side, nearer the footlights, a stove, two easy chairs and a rocking-chair; between the stove and the door, a small table. Engravings on the walls; a cabinet with china and other small objects; a small book-case with well-bound books. The floors are carpeted, and a fire burns in the stove. It is winter. A bell rings in the hall; shortly afterwards the door is heard to open. Enter NORA, humming a tune and in high spirits. She is in outdoor dress and carries a number of parcels; these she lays on the table to the right. She leaves the outer door open after her, and through it is seen a porter who is carrying a Christmas Tree and a basket, which he gives to the maid who has opened the door.] Nora: Hide the Christmas Tree carefully, Helen. Be sure the children do not see it until this evening, when it is dressed. [To the porter, taking out her purse.] How much? Why does the author of the play include the first paragraph of stage directions?

to allow the reader to visualize the play's setting

When developing the paragraphs in an essay, why should the writer include information about sources for all quoted information? to avoid plagiarism to support the thesis to prevent repetition to help with transitions

to avoid plagiarism

Read this passage from chapter 5 of The Prince. But when cities or countries are accustomed to live under a prince, and his family is exterminated, they, being on the one hand accustomed to obey and on the other hand not having the old prince, cannot agree in making one from amongst themselves, and they do not know how to govern themselves. For this reason they are very slow to take up arms, and a prince can gain them to himself and secure them much more easily. But in republics there is more vitality, greater hatred, and more desire for vengeance, which will never permit them to allow the memory of their former liberty to rest; so that the safest way is to destroy them or to reside there. What is Machiavelli's primary purpose in writing this passage?

to convince readers that, to hold a conquered republic, a prince must ruin it or live there

What is the purpose of presenting a false dilemma in a speech?

to convince the audience that there are limited options

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. In one part of Russia, though, the nobles who owned the land were interested in trying out new tools, new equipment, and new ideas about how to improve the soil. This area was in the northern Ukraine just crossing into the Russian regions of Voronigh and Hurst. When word of the breakthrough in making sugar reached the landowners in that one more advanced part of Russia, they knew just what to do: plant beets. Cane sugar had brought millions of Africans into slavery, then helped foster the movement to abolish the slave trade. In Cuba large-scale sugar planting began in the 1800s, brought by new owners interested in using modern technology. Some of these planters led the way in freeing Cuban slaves. Now beet sugar set an example of modern farming that helped convince Russian nobles that it was time to free their millions of serfs. And that is precisely where Marc's family story begins—with Nina's grandfather, the serf who bought his freedom from figuring out how to color beet sugar. What is the purpose of this passage?

to explain the new technologies farmers used in the 1800s

Read the excerpt from "The Crab That Played with the Sea." And the Rat of the Moon stopped biting the line; and the Fisherman let his line down till it touched the Sea, and he pulled the whole deep Sea along, past the Island of Bintang, past Singapore, past Malacca, past Selangor, till the canoe whirled into the mouth of the Perak River again. 'Kun?' said the Fisherman of the Moon. 'Payah kun,' said the Eldest Magician. 'See now that you pull the Sea twice a day and twice a night for ever, so that the Malazy fishermen may be saved paddling. But be careful not to do it too hard, or I shall make a magic on you as I did to Pau Amma.' Then they all went up the Perak River and went to bed, Best Beloved. Based on the details in the excerpt, what is its primary purpose?

to explain to children that the moon causes the tides

Read Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. What are the main purposes of this speech? Select two options.

to explain why military action is necessary to rally the support of the American people for war

Read the excerpt from chapter 8 of The Travels of Marco Polo. They have sheep here that have no ears, nor even ear-holes; but in the place where ears ought to be they have little horns. They are small creatures and very pretty. And here is something else that may strike you as marvelous: their domestic animals—sheep, oxen, camels, and little ponies—are fed on fish. They are reduced to this diet because in all this country and in all the surrounding regions there is no grass; but it is the driest place in the world. The fish on which these animals feed are very small and are caught in March, April, and May in quantities that are truly amazing. They are then dried and stored in the houses and given to the animals as food throughout the year. I can tell you further that the animals also eat them alive, as soon as they are drawn out of the water. Why does the author include information about the dry climate?

to explain why people in the region have to feed their animals fish

What are the main purposes of a travelogue? Select three options.

to inform readers about a place, landscape, or culture to persuade readers to visit a certain location to entertain readers with stories of a journey

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. In the Age of Honey, people tasted the neighborhood where they lived. From a light orange-blossom flavor that is almost a perfume to dark buckwheat with a hint of soil and grain, honey tastes like local flowers. And that was only part of its appeal. Bees work very hard, and it is easy to see that a queen bee is surrounded by worker bees that protect and serve her. To the ancients, a beehive was perfect, for it brought a gift of sweetness to people while being a mirror of their lives—a king or queen served by loyal subjects. Which is the authors' purpose for writing this passage?

to inform readers about the cultural and historical significance of honey

What is the purpose of this text?

to inform readers about the grandfather's role in creating beet sugar

Read this passage from chapter 5 of The Prince. There are, for example, the Spartans and the Romans. The Spartans held Athens and Thebes, establishing there an oligarchy: nevertheless they lost them. The Romans, in order to hold Capua, Carthage, and Numantia, dismantled them, and did not lose them. They wished to hold Greece as the Spartans held it, making it free and permitting its laws, and did not succeed. So to hold it they were compelled to dismantle many cities in the country, for in truth there is no safe way to retain them otherwise than by ruining them. And he who becomes master of a city accustomed to freedom and does not destroy it, may expect to be destroyed by it, for in rebellion it has always the watchword of liberty and its ancient privileges as a rallying point, which neither time nor benefits will ever cause it to forget. And whatever you may do or provide against, they never forget that name or their privileges unless they are disunited or dispersed, but at every chance they immediately rally to them, as Pisa after the hundred years she had been held in bondage by the Florentines. What is Machiavelli's secondary purpose in writing this passage?

to inform readers about the tactics Sparta and Rome used to hold cities and their effectiveness

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." Between 1812 and 1857, seven editions of their tales appeared, each one different from the last, until the final, best-known version barely resembled the first. Given that the first edition has recently been honored in bicentenary celebrations throughout the world, it is perhaps a good time to reexamine what we think we know about the original tales of the Brothers Grimm. What is the author's purpose in writing this paragraph?

to inform the reader that the text will take a second look at the Grimms' original tales

Study the editorial cartoon by John Branch. 8703-05-05-18-image1.png What is the cartoonist's purpose in this editorial cartoon?

to make a satire about how many reporters cover bad weather

What is the author's main purpose for writing the memoir Night?

to make people aware of the horrors of the Holocaust

Read this passage from chapter 5 of The Prince. There are, for example, the Spartans and the Romans. The Spartans held Athens and Thebes, establishing there an oligarchy: nevertheless they lost them. The Romans, in order to hold Capua, Carthage, and Numantia, dismantled them, and did not lose them. They wished to hold Greece as the Spartans held it, making it free and permitting its laws, and did not succeed. So to hold it they were compelled to dismantle many cities in the country, for in truth there is no safe way to retain them otherwise than by ruining them. And he who becomes master of a city accustomed to freedom and does not destroy it, may expect to be destroyed by it, for in rebellion it has always the watchword of liberty and its ancient privileges as a rallying point, which neither time nor benefits will ever cause it to forget. And whatever you may do or provide against, they never forget that name or their privileges unless they are disunited or dispersed, but at every chance they immediately rally to them, as Pisa after the hundred years she had been held in bondage by the Florentines. What is Machiavelli's primary purpose in writing this passage?

to persuade readers that a conquering prince must destroy a former republic if he hopes to hold it

Read the excerpt from "The Masque of the Red Death" by Edgar Allan Poe. But these other apartments were densely crowded, and in them beat feverishly the heart of life. And the revel went whirlingly on, until at length there commenced the sounding of midnight upon the clock. And then the music ceased, as I have told; and the evolutions of the waltzers were quieted; and there was an uneasy cessation of all things as before. But now there were twelve strokes to be sounded by the bell of the clock; and thus it happened, perhaps, that more of thought crept, with more of time, into the meditations of the thoughtful among those who reveled. And thus, too, it happened, perhaps, that before the last echoes of the last chime had utterly sunk into silence, there were many individuals in the crowd who had found leisure to become aware of the presence of a masked figure which had arrested the attention of no single individual before. And the rumor of this new presence having spread itself whisperingly around, there arose at length from the whole company a buzz, or murmur, expressive of disapprobation and surprise—then, finally, of terror, of horror, and of disgust. Based on the details in the excerpt, what is the primary purpose of this passage?

to thrill

Read the passage from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. Perhaps this gets to the root of the matter, to the most fundamental distinction of all between East and West. The totalitarian world produces backwardness because it does such violence to the spirit, thwarting the human impulse to create, to enjoy, to worship. The totalitarian world finds even symbols of love and of worship an affront. . . . As I looked out a moment ago from the Reichstag, that embodiment of German unity, I noticed words crudely spray-painted upon the wall, perhaps by a young Berliner, "This wall will fall. Beliefs become reality." Yes, across Europe, this wall will fall. For it cannot withstand faith; it cannot withstand truth. The wall cannot withstand freedom. What is Reagan's main purpose in this passage?

to urge an end to communism

What is the best definition of the term imagery?

vivid language that appeals to the senses

When revising a draft, word choice should support the writing's

voice and tone.

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." Turning to the tales of the first edition, a reader might notice that many of the stories such as "The Hand with the Knife," "How Some Children Played at Slaughtering," and "The Children of Famine," have nothing to do with fairies or happy endings. Instead, these are stark narratives about brutal living conditions in the nineteenth century. For instance, "The Children of Famine" begins this way: Once upon a time there was a woman with two daughters, and they had become so poor that they no longer had even a piece of bread to put in their mouths. Their hunger became so great that their mother became unhinged and desperate. Indeed, she said to her children, "I've got to kill you so that I can get something to eat." How does the author support the main idea in this paragraph?

with an example that shows a specific brutal living condition

xxx Nora comes to understand that Helmer wants to share more responsibilities in the marriage now.

xxx Nora fears that she will go out of her mind, and she needs Mrs. Linde's promise that she will help when the time comes.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: [quickly] He mustn't get the letter. Tear it up. I will find some means of getting money. Krogstad: Excuse me, Mrs. Helmer, but I think I told you just now— Nora: I am not speaking of what I owe you. Tell me what sum you are asking my husband for, and I will get the money. Krogstad: I am not asking your husband for a penny. Nora: What do you want, then? Krogstad: I will tell you. I want to rehabilitate myself, Mrs. Helmer; I want to get on; and in that your husband must help me. For the last year and a half I have not had a hand in anything dishonourable, amid all that time I have been struggling in most restricted circumstances. I was content to work my way up step by step. Now I am turned out, and I am not going to be satisfied with merely being taken into favour again. I want to get on, I tell you. I want to get into the Bank again, in a higher position. Your husband must make a place for me— Nora: That he will never do! Krogstad: He will; I know him; he dare not protest. And as soon as I am in there again with him, then you will see! Within a year I shall be the manager's right hand. It will be Nils Krogstad and not Torvald Helmer who manages the Bank. Nora: That's a thing you will never see! Krogstad: Do you mean that you will—? Nora: I have courage enough for it now. Krogstad: Oh, you can't frighten me. A fine, spoilt lady like you— Nora: You will see, you will see. Krogstad: Under the ice, perhaps? Down into the cold, coal-black water? And then, in the spring, to float up to the surface, all horrible and unrecognisable, with your hair fallen out— Nora: You can't frighten me. Krogstad: Nor you me. People don't do such things, Mrs. Helmer. Besides, what use would it be? I should have him completely in my power all the same. Nora: Afterwards? When I am no longer— Krogstad: Have you forgotten that it is I who have the keeping of your reputation? [NORA stands speechlessly looking at him.] Well, now, I have warned you. Do not do anything foolish. When Helmer has had my letter, I shall expect a message from him. And be sure you remember that it is your husband himself who has forced me into such ways as this again. I will never forgive him for that. Goodbye, Mrs. Helmer. [Exit through the hall.]

xxx d

Study the image. Which statement best describes the type of appeal used in this public service advertisement?

An emotional appeal is made by emphasizing the need for a peaceful approach.

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and the background information on the allusion it contains. CASSIUS. And why should Caesar be a tyrant then? Poor man, I know he would not be a wolf But that he sees the Romans are but sheep. He were no lion, were not Romans hinds. Those that with haste will make a mighty fire Begin it with weak straws. What trash is Rome? What rubbish, and what offal? when it serves For the base matter to illuminate So vile a thing as Caesar! But, O grief, Where hast thou led me? I perhaps speak this Before a willing bondman: then I know My answer must be made. But I am armed And dangers are to me indifferent. CASCA. You speak to Casca, and to such a man That is no fleering tell-tale. Hold, my hand. Be factious for redress of all these griefs And I will set this foot of mine as far As who goes farthest. CASSIUS. There's a bargain made. Now know you, Casca, I have moved already Some certain of the noblest-minded Romans To undergo with me an enterprise Of honourable dangerous consequence. And I do know by this, they stay for me In Pompey's Porch. For now this fearful night There is no stir or walking in the streets; And the complexion of the element In favour's like the work we have in hand, Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible. Background information: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, known in English as Pompey the Great, was a Roman general and political leader. Together with Caesar and Crassus, Pompey ruled as a member of the first Roman triumvirate. As a leader, Pompey was a capable administer and worked to help Rome grow and prosper. Among other projects, he built a large amphitheater in Rome. This amphitheater was named after him, and its annex became known as Pompey's Porch. During this time, Pompey married Caesar's daughter, Julia. After her death, however, Pompey and Caesar began to grow apart, and within a few years, Pompey sided with the senate against Caesar. War followed. In 48 BCE, Pompey's armies were defeated, and he was murdered by former allies who were afraid of Caesar's power. Which statement best explains the meaning added by the allusion in this excerpt?

Alluding to Pompey invokes the history of his opposition to Caesar, showing that the conspirators in the play are part of a longstanding battle against a tyrant.

When you write an interpretive literary analysis using a quotation, why should you discuss literature that you have read in the analysis?

It provides evidence to support the interpretation of the quotation.

Which statements best evaluate the evidence in this excerpt? Select two options.g well-researched studies and verifiable data.

The authors use a quotation from an expert to support the argument that social media has been both helpful and hazardous for the Arab American news media.The authors use examples of different types of media to support the argument that social media has changed how the Arab American news media operate.

Read the headline. Governor Raids Funding for After-School Programs for Preschoolers Which statement best evaluates the objectivity of the headline?

The headline is not objective because the word raids adds emotion to the language.

Read the excerpt from a magazine article. The software magnate has been revolutionizing the gaming industry for a decade, releasing several new and exciting titles each quarter. This past quarter, Mr. Vincent's company posted an impressive profit, as it has in each of the past 10 quarters. The public has caught on to Vincent's vision, and the sky continues to be his only limit. Which statement best evaluates the language of the article?

This article uses subjective language that expresses the author's opinion on the subject.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Almost immediately after the Arab uprisings began, there was debate over the role and influence of social media in the ouster of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the imminent overthrow of [Egyptian president Hosni] Mubarak. In covering what some deemed the Facebook or Twitter revolutions, the media focused heavily on young protesters mobilizing in the streets in political opposition, smartphones in hand. And since then, the violent and sectarian unrest in Syria has brought increased attention to the role of citizen journalism. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. . . . Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. What type of evidence do the authors use in this excerpt?

historical examples of political changes

What is the best definition of character motivation?

It is the reason for a character's thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Which is the most effective piece of evidence to support the claim that adolescents who exercise daily are healthier than those who are inactive?

Adolescents who exercise daily have stronger muscles, higher levels of respiratory fitness, and lower levels of body fat.

Read the passage. When Norah finally got tickets to the concert, she asked me to go with her. I am an ardent fan of bluegrass music, so of course I said yes. Malinda said she would be willing to go, too. Which statement best explains the nuance between ardent and willing?

Ardent implies a deep desire for something, while willing implies simply a readiness to do something.

Which sentence contains a restrictive clause?

I chose the player who ran fastest, but the other captain wanted the one with the hardest kick.

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." My father is a priest; I am the son of a priest. I have been in the Dead Places near us, with my father—at first, I was afraid. When my father went into the house to search for the metal, I stood by the door and my heart felt small and weak. It was a dead man's house, a spirit house. It did not have the smell of man, though there were old bones in a corner. But it is not fitting that a priest's son should show fear. I looked at the bones in the shadow and kept my voice still. What does the narrator's response to the setting reveal about his character?

In describing his past, he shows that he will live up to his father's expectations.

What claim do the authors make in this passage?

Indians retained some of their individuality by being able to keep their names.

Which questions must be considered when evaluating the effectiveness of an argument? Select four options.

Is there reliable evidence to support the reasons? Are there logical reasons to believe the claim? Is the author's claim clear to the reader? Does the author's diction affect the reader as intended?

How does an effective argumentative essay address counterclaims?

It acknowledges counterclaims and provides a fair and objective rebuttal.

What is the main purpose of a speech bubble in a graphic novel?

It illustrates internal thoughts.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. SOOTHSAYER. Caesar!15 CAESAR. Ha! who calls? CASCA. Bid every noise be still. Peace yet again. CAESAR. Who is it in the press that calls on me? I hear a tongue shriller than all the music Cry "Caesar!" Speak. Caesar is turned to hear.20 SOOTHSAYER. Beware the ides of March. CAESAR. What man is that? BRUTUS. A soothsayer bids you beware the ides of March. CAESAR. Set him before me; let me see his face. CASSIUS. Fellow, come from the throng; look upon25 Caesar. CAESAR. What say'st thou to me now? Speak once again. SOOTHSAYER. Beware the ides of March. CAESAR. He is a dreamer. Let us leave him. Pass! How does this scene most contribute to the plot?

It reveals that Caesar may be in danger.

Justice Taney assumes that the writers of the Constitution would agree with him about citizenship.

What was in the second letter? How does Torvald react to this letter?

Krogstad is apologizing for trying to blackmail them and returns the forged IOU. He is happy and forgives Nora. He says "I'm saved."

Read this passage from chapter 5 of The Prince. And he who becomes master of a city accustomed to freedom and does not destroy it, may expect to be destroyed by it, for in rebellion it has always the watchword of liberty and its ancient privileges as a rallying point, which neither time nor benefits will ever cause it to forget. And whatever you may do or provide against, they never forget that name or their privileges unless they are disunited or dispersed, but at every chance they immediately rally to them, as Pisa after the hundred years she had been held in bondage by the Florentines.

Machiavelli uses reasoning and an example as evidence in an argumentative structure to support his claim that a prince must destroy a city that is accustomed to freedom if he wants to hold it.

Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. In this passage, Nnaemeka speaks first, and Nene speaks second. "Yes. They are most unhappy if the engagement is not arranged by them. In our case it's worse—you are not even an Ibo." This was said so seriously and so bluntly that Nene could not find speech immediately. In the cosmopolitan atmosphere of the city it had always seemed to her something of a joke that a person's tribe could determine whom he married. At last she said, "You don't really mean that he will object to your marrying me simply on that account? I had always thought you Ibos were kindly disposed to other people." "So we are. But when it comes to marriage, well, it's not quite so simple. And this," he added, "is not peculiar to the Ibos. If your father were alive and lived in the heart of Ibibio-land he would be exactly like my father." "I don't know. But anyway, as your father is so fond of you, I'm sure he will forgive you soon enough. Come on then, be a good boy and send him a nice lovely letter . . ." "It would not be wise to break the news to him by writing. A letter will bring it upon him with a shock. I'm quite sure about that." Which statement correctly analyzes this passage in terms of its historical context?

Nene is surprised how different her values are from people who live far from a city.

Which statement about news reports is true?

News reports include objective facts presented without bias.

Read this excerpt from Colleen's research-based essay on trends in education. What was once a trend in education may now be considered passé, as research has transformed the field completely more than once over the past 30 years. The makerspace of today may no longer be used in five years; however, these places where students can gather for project-based learning and discovery seem popular enough to have staying power. Which terms from the excerpt, if any, require an extended definition, and why?

No words require extended definitions; all potentially unfamiliar words are appropriately supported by context.

How does Nora's character develop the theme that taking ownership of your own life is sometimes necessary?

Nora decides that her decisions to be a wife and raise children were wrong, so she is leaving in order to educate herself properly.

Which examples are simple sentences? Select three options.

Reading novels is one of the greatest pleasures in my life. Some call reading fantasy and science fiction a form of escapism. One of the best ways to learn about history is by reading historical novels.

Read the excerpt from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. Where four decades ago there was rubble, today in West Berlin there is the greatest industrial output of any city in Germany—busy office blocks, fine homes and apartments, proud avenues, and the spreading lawns of park land. Where a city's culture seemed to have been destroyed, today there are two great universities, orchestras and an opera, countless theaters, and museums. Where there was want, today there's abundance. Which statement best explains the use of rhetoric in this paragraph?

Reagan uses parallelism to compare the past to the present.

Why did Nora prefer to be with the maids rather than her father? Who does she compare her father to?

She loved her father but had fun with the maids because they let her do what she wanted. She compares her father to Torvald.

Read the passage. The Americans with Disabilities act was passed by Congress in 1990. It was the nation's first comprehensive civil rights law protecting Americans with disabilities. The purpose of the ADA is to protect people with disabilities from discrimination. Discrimination in employment, public services, and telecommunications was made illegal by this important legislation. More importantly, all public spaces in the US must now be ADA compliant. Which sentence corrects the error in capitalization?

The Americans with Disabilities Act was passed by Congress in 1990.

How does the evidence support the central idea that Gandhi decided it was time to replace violence with nonviolent protest?

The evidence shows how Gandhi experimented with ways to assert one's dignity and be free.

What do the words partial, palatial, and potential have in common?

They have the same suffix.

What does Torvald decide about Nora and their children?

To the outside, they'll pretend everything is normal but cannot be near the children and their relationship is over

What are the best questions to ask to determine the author's viewpoint? Select three options.

What is the author's tone? What atmosphere does the author create? What is the author's purpose for writing the text?

Read Gunther's evaluation of an argument. In his editorial "Better Safe Than Sorry?: Revisiting the Debate over Capital Punishment," Nemo Jones effectively lays out his argument that the death penalty should be abolished. In his thorough examination of the evidence, he presents authoritative case studies of people whose innocence was proven too late and of criminals who were undeterred by thoughts of capital punishment. He examines comprehensive statistics regarding these groups and summarizes years of interviews with officials in government, law enforcement, and the penal system. His final paragraphs contain the most emotionally persuasive evidence, as he relates the lasting effects on the children of those who have been put to death. Which element is missing from this evaluation?

a concluding statement

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The year is 326 B.C. Alexander the Great stands at the Indus River in what is now Pakistan. For a decade he and his Greek soldiers have been battling their way across the known world, defeating even the mighty Persians, rulers of Asia. Alexander's string of victories only feeds his hunger to conquer all, to know all. But his men balk. Tired of fighting, homesick, they refuse to go on. Alexander realizes he cannot continue to conquer Asia, but he is too curious to stop exploring. He has already built a fleet of eight hundred ships, appointed his close friend Nearchus captain, and sent them to investigate the coast of lndia by sea. And it is Nearchus who stumbles upon the "sweet reed." The Greeks knew something of India (actually the Indian subcontinent, the area that today includes the nations of India and Pakistan) from the books of Herodotus, a writer who lived about a century earlier. He reported that when the Persian emperor Darius I invaded India around 510 B.C., his men found a sweet reed that produced honey. Which text features would be most helpful to support the central idea of the passage? Select two options.

a map of Alexander the Great's route and the site of the sugar cane discovery a timeline showing when Darius I and Alexander the Great learned of sugar cane

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. (( BRUTUS. Ay, Casca. Tell us what hath chanced today, That Caesar looks so sad. )) What does the symbol of a crown represent in this excerpt?

a position of power

What are the characteristics of fixed poetry? Select three options.

a regular rhyme scheme lines of equal length a set number of lines

A student is writing a conclusion for a research-based informative essay on the possibility of exploring and inhabiting Mars. What should he include in his conclusion? Select two options.

a restatement of his main thesis a review of evidence used to support the thesis

The rhyme pattern that occurs at the ends of lines in poetry is called

a rhyme scheme.

What is rising action in a story?

a series of events that lead to the climax

a speculation about the continued importance of Foley work

Which keywords would be most effective to find research on the development of potential cures for human aging? Select three options.

aging AND research AND cure old AND age AND research AND remedy aging AND cure AND potential AND research AND humans

Read the sentence. Marileta is staying with friends until she finds an apartment. What type of clause do the underlined words form?

an adverbial clause

The term pathos is best defined as

an appeal to emotions.

What are the most effective techniques to present text in a multimedia presentation? Select three options.

bulleted text headings quotations

Read the passage from an argumentative essay. (1) It's no wonder students' grades drop when they enter high school. (2) They are suffering various effects of sleep deprivation. (3) They cannot focus, they fall asleep in class, and they often forget what they have read or heard. (4) They may even hallucinate. How should sentence 3 be revised to clarify relationships among ideas?

by adding "Specifically" to the beginning of the sentence

Read the first paragraph from an article in the local online newspaper. Local businesswoman Inés Garcia-Ruiz is joining the race for the state senate seat that is soon to be vacated by retiring senator Benjamin Hall. A long-time resident of this community, Garcia-Ruiz says that, if she is elected, she will "dive into projects that aid low-income families." This should be obvious to most constituents because she is well known for her impressive charity work. Time and time again, she has worked tirelessly to improve the lives of those living in poverty in our community. What is the best way to improve objectivity in the paragraph?

by eliminating emotional language used to describe the charity work

Examine the public service ad. How does this ad transmit a cultural value?

by encouraging people to strive for more education

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Good gracious, can't you understand? There was no old gentleman at all; it was only something that I used to sit here and imagine, when I couldn't think of any way of procuring money. But it's all the same now; the tiresome old person can stay where he is, as far as I am concerned; I don't care about him or his will either, for I am free from care now. [Jumps up.] My goodness, it's delightful to think of, Christine! Free from care! To be able to be free from care, quite free from care; to be able to play and romp with the children; to be able to keep the house beautifully and have everything just as Torvald likes it! And, think of it, soon the spring will come and the big blue sky! Perhaps we shall be able to take a little trip—perhaps I shall see the sea again! Oh, it's a wonderful thing to be alive and be happy. [A bell is heard in the hall.] How does the author use Nora to explore a social issue?

by exploring the benefits of living with no debt

Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Nevertheless, it was strange. There was a washing-place but no water—perhaps the gods washed in air. There was a cooking-place but no wood, and though there was a machine to cook food, there was no place to put fire in it. Nor were there candles or lamps—there were things that looked like lamps but they had neither oil nor wick. All these things were magic, but I touched them and lived—the magic had gone out of them. Let me tell one thing to show. In the washing-place, a thing said "Hot" but it was not hot to the touch—another thing said "Cold" but it was not cold. This must have been a strong magic but the magic was gone. I do not understand—they had ways—I wish that I knew. Which conflict does the narrator face in this passage?

character vs. self, because he is struggling to understand how the gods lived

The way a story's narrator and characters are presented and developed is called

characterization.

Which words share a word root with educate? Select two options.

conduct deduction

Vivid imagery is often used to help the reader

form a mental picture.

Read the excerpt from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. Today the city thrives in spite of the challenges implicit in the very presence of this wall. What keeps you here? Certainly there's a great deal to be said for your fortitude, for your defiant courage. But I believe there's something deeper, something that involves Berlin's whole look and feel and way of life—not mere sentiment. . . . In a word, I would submit that what keeps you in Berlin is love—love both profound and abiding. Which type of appeal does Reagan use in this part of the speech?

emotional

Read the excerpt from "Ain't I a Woman?" by Sojourner Truth. That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man—when I could get it—and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman? Which rhetorical techniques does the speaker use in this excerpt? Select three options.

ethos pathos parallelism

A student should conduct research for an essay to gather the , or the details that show that the student's essay is true. evidence objective thesis topoc

evidence

Which of these are part of a basic plot structure? Select three options.

exposition climax falling action

Which elements does the author use most to develop the central idea of these panels?

facial expressions and speech balloons

nonfiction

factual writing about real people, places, events, ideas, and things

Which technique gives the reader information from the past to help explain a character's actions and reactions in a narrative?

flashbacks

hasty generalization

What does Helmer say about the lock on the mailbox?

he says someone had tried to pick the lock because there were scratches on it

Read Mireille's rebuttal to the counterclaim that Bob Dylan's lyrics cannot be considered literature. Although it is true that Bob Dylan is primarily a songwriter, I consider his lyrics to be just as good as any poetry. Mireille's teacher has asked her to revise the underlined clause to make it logical and objective. Which is the best revision?

his lyrics use poetic devices such as allusion and metaphor

Which element of a text best helps the reader determine the central idea?

key details

A repetitive image or idea in a text is a

motif.

overstatement

What types of details should a draft of a research-based essay contain? Check all that apply.

paraphrased information facts that relate to the topic quotations that illustrate ideas to convey

Examine the public service ad. Who is the target audience for this public service advertisement?

parents

Which rhetorical techniques does the speaker use in this excerpt? Select three options.

pathos parallelism ethos

According to the dictionary, -ment can refer to an action, a place, or a state resulting from an action. This definition is useful to know because -ment functions as a

suffix

Study the cartoon Modern Window Shopping by Nate Beeler. 8703-05-05-02-image1.png Which ideas do the people in the cartoon represent? Select two options.

the use of the Internet for everything the shift of retail from storefronts to devices

The ________ of a story can be applied to other works of literature or to life.

theme

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. One day when we had come to a stop, a worker took a piece of bread out of his bag and threw it into a wagon. There was a stampede. Dozens of starving men fought desperately over a few crumbs. The worker watched the spectacle with great interest. Years later, I witnessed a similar spectacle in Aden. Our ship's passengers amused themselves by throwing coins to the "natives," who dove to retrieve them. An elegant Parisian lady took great pleasure in this game. When I noticed two children desperately fighting in the water, one trying to strangle the other, I implored the lady: "Please, don't throw any more coins!" "Why not?" said she. "I like to give charity . . ." Based on the details in this excerpt, what is the author's primary purpose?

to show that cruel behavior is not limited to only one situation

Read the document and review the chart. Making homemade syrups and candies takes practice. A good candymaker perfects products over time through a process of trial and error, carefully documenting steps and ingredients for later reference. Fortunately, the centuries-long history of candy-making has resulted in the discovery of some absolute and irrefutable truths about how sugar and chocolate behave. We know, for instance, that to achieve the most desirable consistency, a syrup should be heated to 230 degrees Fahrenheit, the temperature at which it will form a soft thread. On the other hand, a caramel, to form a firm and toothsome ball, must be heated 18 degrees higher. To avoid reinventing the wheel, refer to the following table: When might a person who is new to candy-making find this document particularly helpful?

when explaining the difference between a syrup and a sugar glaze

Which examples are clauses? Select three options.

whenever I go to the movies Samir lives on Green Street. but it's likely to rain that day

Read the paragraph. Each year, though different, is also the same. In spring, the sun comes out, green things begin to shoot up from the brown soil, and people begin to smile again. In summer, the days are long, the gardens are a riot of color, and people are relaxed and casual. In fall, the days shorten, the leaves turn and start to fall, and people welcome the warmth of a pullover and a jacket. In winter, the nights are long, the trees are bare, and people shiver, longing for the sun. How does the use of parallelism enhance the paragraph?

It emphasizes the cyclical nature of the year.

the setting, the characters' actions, and the characters' expressions

Read the text and study the pie chart. Fellow students, During my campaign for student council president, I promised to make student council activities more transparent to members of the student body. In an effort to keep that promise, I am releasing the following budget created by student council members for the 2018 homecoming parade. Yours in team spirit, Javier Guzman, Student Council President, Parkway High School How does the pie chart support the purpose of this document?

It gives specific cost information about a school event.

What excerpts from "The Storyteller" indicate that the aunt is unaware of her flaws? Select two options.

"'It's a very difficult thing to tell stories that children can both understand and appreciate,' she said stiffly. "'I don't agree with you,' said the bachelor. "'Perhaps you would like to tell them a story,' was the aunt's retort." "A most improper story to tell to young children! You have undermined the effect of years of careful teaching."

Read the passage from Hans Christian Andersen's "The Princess and the Pea." Then [the Queen] took twenty mattresses and laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses. On this the princess had to lie all night. In the morning she was asked how she had slept. "Oh, very badly!" said she. "I have scarcely closed my eyes all night. Heaven only knows what was in the bed, but I was lying on something hard, so that I am black and blue all over my body. It's horrible!" Now they knew that she was a real princess because she had felt the pea right through the twenty mattresses and the twenty eider-down beds. Nobody but a real princess could be as sensitive as that. So the prince took her for his wife, for now he knew that he had a real princess; and the pea was put in the museum, where it may still be seen, if no one has stolen it. There, that is a true story. Which quotation from the passage encompasses the climax of the story?

"'Oh, very badly!' said she. 'I have scarcely closed my eyes all night.'"

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Sugar is different from honey. It offers a stronger sweet flavor, and like steel or plastic, it had to be invented. In the Age of Sugar, Europeans bought a product made thousands of miles away that was less expensive than the honey from down the road. That was possible only because sugar set people in motion all across the world—millions of them as slaves, in chains; a few in search of their fortunes. A perfect taste made possible by the most brutal labor: That is the dark story of sugar. How does the comparison of sugar to honey reveal the authors' purpose?

It informs readers that there is a connection between slavery and sugar.

Which statement best explains how the narrator interacts with the setting? Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." All the same, when I came to the Place of the Gods, I was afraid, afraid. The current of the great river is very strong—it gripped my raft with its hands. That was magic, for the river itself is wide and calm. I could feel evil spirits about me, I was swept down the stream. Never have I been so much alone—I tried to think of my knowledge, but it was a squirrel's heap of winter nuts. There was no strength in my knowledge any more and I felt small and naked as a new-hatched bird—alone upon the great river, the servant of the gods. - A. The setting makes him lose hope. B. The setting makes him envious. C. The setting makes him feel angry. D. The setting makes him gain confidence.

A. The setting makes him lose hope.

Which conflicts are examples of external conflicts? Select three options. - A. When my email password was denied for the third time, I realized that my account must have been hacked. B. Realizing that the law was not going to be vetoed, the congresswoman retired to her office to start working. C. Salim could not believe that the irrational fears that had plagued him throughout his childhood had returned. D. It was now or never for Zahra; she could speak up about what she had seen, or she could remain silent. E. Enzo and Luca glared at each other from across the cafeteria, knowing that they needed to talk about the game.

A. When my email password was denied for the third time, I realized that my account must have been hacked. -and- B. Realizing that the law was not going to be vetoed, the congresswoman retired to her office to start working. -and- E. Enzo and Luca glared at each other from across the cafeteria, knowing that they needed to talk about the game.

What are the characteristics of fixed poetry? Select three options. - A. a regular rhyme scheme B. lines of equal length C. a structure that follows emotions D. a set number of lines E. irregular rhyme schemes

A. a regular rhyme scheme -and- B. lines of equal length -and- D. a set number of lines

What does this passage reveal about the cultural environment? Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. On the second evening of his return from Lagos Nnaemeka sat with his father under a cassia tree. This was the old man's retreat where he went to read his Bible when the parching December sun had set and a fresh, reviving wind blew on the leaves. "Father," began Nnaemeka suddenly, "I have come to ask for forgiveness." "Forgiveness? For what, my son?" he asked in amazement. "It's about this marriage question." "Which marriage question." "I can't—we must—I mean it is impossible for me to marry Nweke's daughter." "Impossible? Why?" asked his father. "I don't love her." "Nobody said you did. Why should you?" he asked. "Marriage today is different . . ." "Look here, my son," interrupted his father, "nothing is different. What one looks for in a wife are a good character and a Christian background." Nnaemeka saw there was no hope along the present line of argument.

B. Fathers and sons are beginning to have different ideas about what marriage is.

How does this passage define the role of the patriarchy in Nigerian rural society? Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. It is a conversation between a woman named Nene and her fiancé, Nnaemeka. In this excerpt, Nnaemeka is the first to speak. "You have lived in Lagos all your life, and you know very little about people in remote parts of the country." "That's what you always say. But I don't believe anybody will be so unlike other people that they will be unhappy when their sons are engaged to marry." "Yes. They are most unhappy if the engagement is not arranged by them. In our case it's worse—you are not even an Ibo." This was said so seriously and so bluntly that Nene could not find speech immediately. In the cosmopolitan atmosphere of the city it had always seemed to her something of a joke that a person's tribe could determine whom he married. At last she said, "You don't really mean that he will object to your marrying me simply on that account? I had always thought you Ibos were kindly disposed to other people." "So we are. But when it comes to marriage, well, it's not quite so simple. And this," he added, "is not peculiar to the Ibos. If your father were alive and lived in the heart of Ibibio-land he would be exactly like my father."

B. Fathers are used to having total authority over choosing their children's spouses.

Which statement best describes the cultural divide that this passage illustrates? Read the passage from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. "What did Our Lord say?" asked another gentleman. "Sons shall rise against their fathers; it is there in the Holy Book." "It is the beginning of the end," said another. The discussion thus tending to become theological, Madubogwu, a highly practical man, brought it down once more to the ordinary level. "Have you thought of consulting a native doctor about your son?" he asked Nnaemeka's father. "He isn't sick," was the reply. "What is he then? The boy's mind is diseased and only a good herbalist can bring him back to his right senses. The medicine he requires is Amalile, the same that women apply with success to recapture their husbands' straying affection." "Madubogwu is right," said another gentleman. "This thing calls for medicine." "I shall not call in a native doctor." Nnaemeka's father was known to be obstinately ahead of his more superstitious neighbours in these matters. "I will not be another Mrs. Ochuba. If my son wants to kill himself let him do it with his own hands. It is not for me to help him."

B. Some men in the village use Christianity as a guide, while others rely on local medicine.

Describe Torvald's reaction to the letter? How does he describe Nora? How does he describe her father? How will this affect him?

He is furious. He calls her a hypocrite, a liar, a criminal. He says her father has no religion, morals, and a sense of duty. His reputation is ruined.

Read the claim. The overuse of social media has led to a decline in the academic performance of this country's high school students. Which reasons are logically sound and could be used to support the claim? Select two options.

High school students are spending more time on social media than they are studying and completing homework. Standardized test scores dropped or remained stagnant in many states in 2017, which was the peak year to date for social media use.

Which inference does this passage support?

Hindus who lived in ancient times believed that sugar had powerful properties.

Which event is part of the rising action in "Little Snow White"?

The queen learns that she is not the fairest of them all.

How has Dr. Rank been sick? What disease does he have?

His father was promiscuous so Rank got sick. He has spinal consumption aka syphillis. He's depressed.

His mistress's cheeks are not pink, and her breath is not sweet.

Which quotation from a Shakespearean sonnet is a couplet?

"And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare, / As any she belied with false compare."

Which quotation from the poem "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove includes an allusion?

"Diego's / love a skull in the circular window"

Which quotations from the texts best support the theme that the way to deal with racism is to stand up to it? Select three options.

"Lord have mercy, ain't this the living gall!" "You got any more to say 'bout how people ought to sit down and talk to each other?"

Which sentences show correct dialogue punctuation? Select three options.

"Thanks for helping me out, Grace," she mumbled. "Who took the last muffin? I was going to eat it this morning!" Anastasia groaned. "Don't worry, I'm not going to tell anyone. But it's not that big a deal," whispered Jayden.

Which quotation from Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war is an example of a hasty generalization?

"We will gain the inevitable triumph."

Read the claim from Anna North's editorial "Why Bob Dylan Shouldn't Have Gotten a Nobel." Bob Dylan does not deserve the Nobel Prize in Literature. Which sentence from the article offers a logical reason that supports the claim?

"When the Nobel committee gives the literature prize to a musician, it misses the opportunity to honor a writer."

What types of evidence support inferences about characters in a play? Select THREE options. - A) characters' thoughts and actions B) the number of characters on stage C) characters' appearances and ways of dressing D) characters' responses to other characters E) the names of the characters

A) characters' thoughts and actions - and - C) characters' appearances and ways of dressing - and - D) characters' responses to other characters

What evidence supports the idea that the narrator's motivation is intrinsic? Read the passage from "Two Kinds." Last week I sent a tuner over to my parents' apartment and had the piano reconditioned, for purely sentimental reasons. My mother had died a few months before and I had been getting things in order for my father, a little bit at a time. I put the jewelry in special silk pouches. The sweaters she had knitted in yellow, pink, bright orange—all the colors I hated—I put those in moth-proof boxes. I found some old Chinese silk dresses, the kind with little slits up the sides. I rubbed the old silk against my skin, then wrapped them in tissue and decided to take them home with me. - A. "Last week I sent a tuner over to my parents' apartment and had the piano reconditioned, for purely sentimental reasons." B. "My mother had died a few months before and I had been getting things in order for my father, a little bit at a time." C. "I put the jewelry in special silk pouches. The sweaters she had knitted in yellow, pink, bright orange—all the colors I hated—I put those in moth-proof boxes." D. "I found some old Chinese silk dresses, the kind with little slits up the sides."

A. "Last week I sent a tuner over to my parents' apartment and had the piano reconditioned, for purely sentimental reasons."

Which details from the text best support the idea that the narrator is cautious in this new setting? Select two options. Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." Toward the setting of the eighth sun, I came to the banks of the great river. It was half-a-day's journey after I had left the god-road—we do not use the god-roads now for they are falling apart into great blocks of stone, and the forest is safer going. A long way off, I had seen the water through trees but the trees were thick. At last, I came out upon an open place at the top of a cliff. There was the great river below, like a giant in the sun. It is very long, very wide. It could eat all the streams we know and still be thirsty. Its name is Ou-dis-sun, the Sacred, the Long. No man of my tribe had seen it, not even my father, the priest. It was magic and I prayed. - A. "They are falling apart into great blocks of stone, and the forest is safer going." B. "There was the great river below, like a giant in the sun. It is very long, very wide." C. "It could eat all the streams we know and still be thirsty. Its name is Ou-dis-sun, the Sacred, the Long." D. "Toward the setting of the eighth sun, I came to the banks of the great river." E. "No man of my tribe had seen it, not even my father, the priest. It was magic and I prayed."

A. "They are falling apart into great blocks of stone, and the forest is safer going." -and- E. "No man of my tribe had seen it, not even my father, the priest. It was magic and I prayed."

Which lines from the poem "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove provide an example of alliteration? - A. "among parrots, in the stern petticoats of the peasant, / who painted herself a present-" B. "wildflowers entwining the plaster corset / her spine resides in, that flaming pillar-" C. "Lenin and Marx and Stalin arrayed at the footstead. / And rose to her easel, the hundred dogs panting" D. "Diego's / love a skull in the circular window / of the thumbprint searing her immutable brow."

A. "among parrots, in the stern petticoats of the peasant, / who painted herself a present-"

Read the excerpt from "The Royal House of Thebes." Ismene weeping came from the palace to stand with her sister. "I helped do it," she said. But Antigone would not have that. "She had no share in it," she told Creon. And she bade her sister say no more. "Your choice was to live," she said, "mine to die." As she was led away to death, she spoke to the bystanders:— . . . Behold me, what I suffer Because I have upheld that which is high. How does the archetype of tragic heroine reveal the universal theme?

Antigone sacrifices herself for her beliefs, but will not sacrifice her sister as well. This reveals the universal theme of taking responsibility for one's actions.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Indians were supposed to work seven hours each day, and to be paid a set fee for each day's work. But the planters instead preferred to pay by the "task''—they insisted that they wouldn't pay a worker until he had completed a specific job. Of course the owner would pick a job that took much more than seven hours, so a worker's day stretched from sunup to sundown. Bechu showed that this was illegal and unfair: "There are lots of indentured men who work by time and have drivers at their backs all day long." Yet, even then, they "do not earn'' the amount specified in their contracts. Several planters wrote back to the paper, furious at the suggestion that they were cheating the coolies. The letters were black with rage—at the Indian who dared to speak up and question the ethics of Englishmen. When a commission was convened in 1897 to investigate the conditions on the estates, Bechu—the Indian the planters hated—came before the judges to share his evidence. What is the authors' purpose in this passage?

B) to inform the reader about Bechu's role in proving that the plantation owners' tactics were illegal

Which phrase from the poem "Monet's 'Waterlilies'" by Robert Hayden is an example of a simile? - A. "the serene, great picture that I love" B. "the eye like the eye of faith believes" C. "illusive flesh of light" D. "Here is the shadow of its joy"

B. "the eye like the eye of faith believes"

How does visiting the Place of the Gods affect the narrator? Read the passage from "By the Waters of Babylon." It is not true what some of the tales say, that the ground there burns forever, for I have been there. Here and there were the marks and stains of the Great Burning, on the ruins, that is true. But they were old marks and old stains. It is not true either, what some of our priests say, that it is an island covered with fogs and enchantments. It is not. It is a great Dead Place—greater than any Dead Place we know. Everywhere in it there are god-roads, though most are cracked and broken. Everywhere there are the ruins of the high towers of the gods. - A. He discovers that it is unwise to have an inquiring mind. B. He learns that there is nothing supernatural to fear in the destroyed city. C. He renounces everything he learned from the priests and his father. D. He understands that the past has nothing of interest for people of the present.

B. He learns that there is nothing supernatural to fear in the destroyed city.

How does the imagery in the stanza contribute to the poem's overall meaning? Read the stanza from "Monet's 'Waterlilies'" by Robert Hayden. O light beheld as through refracting tears. Here is the aura of that world each of us has lost. Here is the shadow of its joy. - A. It illustrates tears as being soothing. B. It illustrates a sense of misfortune. C. It illustrates faith in humankind. D. It illustrates the beauty of nature.

B. It illustrates a sense of misfortune.

Which term is a synonym for atmosphere? - A. tone B. mood C. action D. conflict

B. mood

Which Chinese cultural values are revealed by the passage? Read the passage from "Two Kinds." I could see why my mother was fascinated by the music. It was being pounded out by a little Chinese girl, about nine years old, with a Peter Pan haircut. The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley Temple. She was proudly modest like a proper Chinese Child. And she also did this fancy sweep of a curtsy, so that the fluffy skirt of her white dress cascaded slowly to the floor like the petals of a large carnation.

B. self-control and conformity

Read the excerpt from "Marriage Is a Private Affair" by Chinua Achebe. Nnaemeka, for his own part, was very deeply affected by his father's grief. But he kept hoping that it would pass away. If it had occurred to him that never in the history of his people had a man married a woman who spoke a different tongue, he might have been less optimistic. "It has never been heard," was the verdict of an old man speaking a few weeks later. In that short sentence he spoke for all of his people. This man had come with others to commiserate with Okeke when news went round about his son's behaviour. By that time the son had gone back to Lagos. "It has never been heard," said the old man again with a sad shake of his head. "What did Our Lord say?" asked another gentleman. "Sons shall rise against their fathers; it is there in the Holy Book." "It is the beginning of the end," said another. What cultural value does this excerpt of the text best reveal?

B. the mandate to marry within one's tribe

Why does the speaker like to view Monet's Water Lilies? Read the lines from Robert Hayden's poem "Monet's 'Waterlilies,'" then look at the detail from Claude Monet's painting Water Lilies. Today as the news from Selma and Saigon poisons the air like fallout, I come again to see the serene, great picture that I love. - A. to view art purely for art's sake B. to escape unpleasant news C. to be exposed to stark reality D. to escape poisonous air

B. to escape unpleasant news

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. What effect does the letter have on Brutus?

Brutus decides to join the conspiracy to kill Caesar.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. Our course will seem too bloody, Caius Cassius, To cut the head off and then hack the limbs, Like wrath in death and envy afterwards— For Antony is but a limb of Caesar. Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers, Caius. We all stand up against the spirit of Caesar, And in the spirit of men there is no blood. O, that we then could come by Caesar's spirit, And not dismember Caesar! But, alas, Caesar must bleed for it. And, gentle friends, Let's kill him boldly, but not wrathfully. Let's carve him as a dish fit for the gods, Not hew him as a carcass fit for hounds. And let our hearts, as subtle masters do, Stir up their servants to an act of rage, And after seem to chide 'em. This shall make Our purpose necessary, and not envious; Which so appearing to the common eyes, We shall be called purgers, not murderers. And for Mark Antony, think not of him, For he can do no more than Caesar's arm When Caesar's head is off. Which statement best explains Brutus's motivation in this scene?

Brutus wants people to think of the conspirators as honorable, not evil.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 5, of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] It is more worthy to leap in ourselves Than tarry till they push us. Good Volumnius, Thou know'st that we two went to school together. Even for that, our love of old, I prithee, Hold thou my sword hilts, whilst I run on it. . . . So fare you well at once, for Brutus' tongue Hath almost ended his life's history. Night hangs upon mine eyes; my bones would rest, That have but laboured to attain this hour. . . . I prithee, Strato, stay thou by thy lord. Thou art a fellow of a good respect. Thy life hath had some smatch of honour in it. Hold then my sword, and turn away thy face While I do run upon it. Wilt thou, Strato? STRATO. Give me your hand first. Fare you well, my lord. BRUTUS. Farewell, good Strato. [Runs on his sword] Caesar, now be still: I killed not thee with half so good a will. Which statement best explains Brutus's motivation in this scene?

Brutus wants to atone for Caesar's death, and thinks he can do so by killing himself.

What kind of evidence should be presented in an argument? Select two options.

C) relevant D) sufficient

How would the end of the fairy tale "Cinderella" most likely change if the prince were not motivated to find the owner of the glass slipper?

Cinderella would continue to live a miserable life.

Which statement best describes the similarities between the feminist and historical approaches to literary analysis?

D. Both consider how cultural and political forces affect the literary work.

The rhyme pattern that occurs at the ends of lines in poetry is called - A. a rhyme meter. B. a rhyme rhythm. C. a rhyme ending. D. a rhyme scheme.

D. a rhyme scheme.

Read the introduction to Samantha's argument. My friends like going to fast food restaurants. It's not that I mind, but I'm a vegan, and these restaurants offer very little I can eat. Even salads contain ingredients like cheese, eggs, and ham. What's more, there may be cream, eggs, or gelatin in the dressing. Sometimes, all I can do is order is something to drink, while my friends enjoy their meals. However, by not offering vegan meals, fast food restaurants are missing out on additional sales. Which statement summarizes Samantha's claim?

Fast food restaurants would profit from offering vegan meals.

What is happening with Dr. Rank? Why is his illness so unfair?

His disease is worsening. He got the disease from his father.

Read the two excerpts from act 2, scene 1, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. Excerpt 1: [BRUTUS.] Since Cassius first did whet me against Caesar I have not slept. Between the acting of a dreadful thing And the first motion, all the interim is Like a phantasma or a hideous dream. The genius and the mortal instruments Are then in council, and the state of man, Like to a little kingdom, suffers then The nature of an insurrection. Excerpt 2: BRUTUS. Kneel not, gentle Portia. . . . You are my true and honourable wife, As dear to me as are the ruddy drops That visit my sad heart. PORTIA. If this were true, then should I know this secret. . . . Tell me your counsels; I will not disclose 'em. I have made strong proof of my constancy, Giving myself a voluntary wound Here in the thigh. Can I bear that with patience, And not my husband's secrets? How do Brutus's moral dilemmas in each excerpt compare?

In both excerpts, Brutus is concealing a significant secret from a person he loves.

Which statement is true about the narrators' different perspectives?

It can be difficult and confusing when you do not know why you need to do certain things.

Which best describes a strong thesis statement in an informative essay?

It combines the topic of the essay with the writer's viewpoint.

Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. Before the train leaves, the gangsters roam the Tapachula depot, eyeing which migrants are buying food and where they stash their cash afterward. They try to get friendly with the migrants, telling them they have already done the train ride. Maybe they can offer tips? Many of the gangsters wear white plastic rosaries around their necks so the migrants will be less suspicious. They ask, "Where are you from? Where are you going? Do you have any money?" How does the narrative technique of characterization support the author's purpose in this excerpt?

It helps create uneasiness.

Read the excerpt from "The Royal House of Thebes." Antigone and Ismene heard with horror what Creon had decided. To Ismene, shocking as it was, overwhelming her with anguish for the pitiful dead body and the lonely, homeless soul, it seemed, nevertheless, that nothing could be done except to acquiesce [to accept without protest]. She and Antigone were utterly alone. All Thebes was exulting that the man who had brought war upon them should be thus terribly punished. "We are women," she told her sister. "We must obey. We have no strength to defy the State." "Choose your own part," Antigone said. "I go to bury the brother I love." "You are not strong enough," Ismene cried. "Why, then when my strength fails," Antigone answered, "I will give up." She left her sister; Ismene dared not follow her. How does Antigone's action as a rebel reveal the universal theme?

It shows that she can break the rules for her principles, revealing that women are as capable as men.

Read the line from Rita Dove's poem "Sonnet in Primary Colors," then study Frida Kahlo's painting Self-Portrait with Monkey and Parrot. the thumbprint searing her immutable brow. How does this line relate to the artwork?

It suggests that the painting is as bold and resilient as Kahlo was.

Which theme is best developed through the events described in this passage?

Monetary concerns can sometimes outweigh personal desires.

Which sentence contains an element of bias?

Most fruits and vegetables are low in calories, making them a healthy and delicious part of any diet.

Read the two passages. Passage 1 Violence in video games is unavoidable. More than half of the top video games contain some element of violence. Does this lead to violence in the real world? Logical people know the answer, and the facts prove it. Between 1994 and 2004, video game sales increased by 204 percent. During that same time period, the arrest rate for juveniles committing violent crimes decreased by 63 percent. These facts make it obvious that video games are not a problem. Passage 2 The majority of video games contain violence. Children playing these games leads directly to acts of violence. Several studies, including a 2014 study by the Journal of the American Medical Association, have shown a correlation between persistent video game use and aggressive behavior. While my own children play video games, they do not play games labeled "Mature." Simply avoiding these games and allowing children to play the thousands of other available games is a logical way to avoid a potential problem. Which passage provides the more effective argument, and why? Passage

Passage 1 is more effective because passage 2 relies on personal anecdotes as the main evidence.

Read the two passages about school uniforms. Passage 1 School uniforms could alter students' attitudes toward their education. If students wear the same clothing each day, they will not have to think about what to wear on a daily basis. In addition, having a uniform could boost students' confidence and reduce envy or embarrassment. Conforming to one uniform might also help students fit in more easily. Passage 2 School uniforms have no place in education, especially since we are trying to instill the principles of individuality and diversity in our children. School uniforms destroy students' abilities to be themselves. I have seen schools where uniforms are required; the students' faces tell the whole story. By enforcing uniforms in school, we are clearly not giving students a choice in what they wear. But when we take away choice, more than just choice is lost. Which statement best compares how the authors develop their arguments?

Passage 1 uses a logical approach, while passage 2 contains appeals to emotion.

Read the two passages. Passage 1 The need for standardized testing in education is a sensitive topic to some. Many fear that the use of these tests with students of all ages would lead to a decline in both academic growth and innovation; however, if standardized testing continues to be a reliable and objective source of measuring student achievement, we must conclude that the means justify the end. We can simply state the results of a 100-year analysis of testing research for proof: 93 percent of studies on student testing found a favorable outcome for student achievement. Passage 2 When the Brookings Institution, a 100-year-old organization made up of experts in education and government, reports that up to 80 percent of standardized test score improvements were temporary and did not lead to improvements in learning, we must realize that student testing is not working. I have visited several schools during testing time, so I can personally vouch for the negative effect that standardized tests have on students' emotions. Standardized testing is unnecessary and must end. How does the evidence in the first passage differ from the evidence in the second?

Passage 1 uses logical evidence, while passage 2 uses anecdotal evidence.

How does Nora try to keep Torvald from getting the letter?

She pretends she needs help with the tarantella and dances terribly.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 4. PORTIA. I prithee, boy, run to the Senate House; Stay not to answer me, but get thee gone.— Why dost thou stay? LUCIUS. To know my errand, madam. PORTIA. I would have had thee there and here again5 Ere I can tell thee what thou shouldst do there. [Aside] O constancy, be strong upon my side; Set a huge mountain 'tween my heart and tongue. I have a man's mind, but a woman's might. How hard it is for women to keep counsel!10 [To LUCIUS] Art thou here yet? LUCIUS. Madam, what should I do? Run to the Capitol, and nothing else? And so return to you, and nothing else? PORTIA. Yes, bring me word, boy, if thy lord look well, For he went sickly forth; and take good note15 What Caesar doth, what suitors press to him. Hark, boy, what noise is that? LUCIUS. I hear none, madam. Which conclusion does this excerpt best support?

Portia wants to take action, but she cannot.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 4. (( PORTIA. I prithee, boy, run to the Senate House; Stay not to answer me, but get thee gone.- Why dost thou stay? )) Which conclusion does this excerpt best support?

Portia wants to take action, but she cannot.

Counterargument: a rebuttal, or argument against, an opposing viewpoint or claim. Example: Starting school start later won't actually help kids get more sleep because kids will just stay up later at night.Position (or viewpoint): the central idea the author is trying to support in his or her argument; thesis. Example: School should start later.

Position (or viewpoint): the central idea the author is trying to support in his or her argument; thesis. Example: School should start later.

__________ includes creating an outline to help organize facts and details that answer the research question in an informative essay.

Prewriting

Pedro is writing an essay arguing that students should be taught proper nutrition in school. Which claim is most effective for his argument?

Proper nutrition is essential to healthy growth and development, so it is a life skill that students should learn in school.

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. Sam is participating in a group discussion about the importance of healthy eating. Throughout the discussion, he checks his phone frequently and stares out the window. However, Sam is listening to the discussion and will be able to recall details about it later. He even contributes a few ideas, paraphrases for clarity, and asks some questions. Why isn't Sam demonstrating good speaking and listening skills?

Sam's body language does not show engagement.

Read the passage from Amy Tan's "Rules of the Game." My parents made many concessions to allow me to practice. One time I complained that the bedroom I shared was so noisy that I couldn't think. Thereafter, my brothers slept in a bed in the living room facing the street. I said I couldn't finish my rice; my head didn't work right when my stomach was too full. I left the table with half-finished bowls and nobody complained. But there was one duty I couldn't avoid. I had to accompany my mother on Saturday market days when I had no tournament to play. My mother would proudly walk with me, visiting many shops, buying very little. "This my daughter Wave-ly Jong," she said to whoever looked her way. One day after we left a shop I said under my breath, "I wish you wouldn't do that, telling everybody I'm your daughter." My mother stopped walking. Crowds of people with heavy bags pushed past us on the sidewalk, bumping into first one shoulder, then another. Which statement best explains the motivation for the narrator's mother to introduce her daughter to everyone they meet?

She wants to adhere to the customs of the Chinese community.

Explain the metaphor of the shipwreck.

The two would be better off suffering together than suffering alone

What is the central claim of this passage?

The joys of sugar were the result of the suffering of enslaved African people.

This painting is of King Louis XIV as shown in Sugar Changed the World. How does this image support the claim that monarchs of the 1700s had wealth and influence? Select three options.

The king is wearing elaborate clothing made of fancy materials. The king sits next to a crown, which symbolizes his power. The king is depicted sitting on a floor made of stone.

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." "Why weren't there any flowers?" "Because the pigs had eaten them all," said the bachelor promptly. "The gardeners had told the Prince that you couldn't have pigs and flowers, so he decided to have pigs and no flowers." There was a murmur of approval at the excellence of the Prince's decision; so many people would have decided the other way. How does the characterization of the children create satire?

They are pleased to learn that the prince chooses pigs over flowers.

How do the words hideous, revolting, and false most affect the tone and meaning of this passage?

They show the speaker's disgust over slavery.

Read the excerpt from Mohini's essay about the Grimm brothers. When the Grimm brothers first published their collection of folk tales, they stuck to one rule: they wanted to save stories from the past, which had only been spread by word of mouth. They wanted to use details from the changing lives of the average German family to show how the German culture evolved. They also wanted to show how storytelling makes strong connections in a community and is the sign of a civilized people. Their collection of tales was a gift to the German people. They had no idea that these tales would take on a life of their own, becoming a standard source for folklorists from other nations and ensuring their popularity throughout the world to this day. Which evaluation of her essay is most accurate?

This paragraph supports the main idea by giving reasons for the Grimms' determination to collect oral tales and give them to the German people.

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." Though brusque and raw, the Grimms' tales of the first edition still resonate with us today because they indicate how we can transform ourselves and our conditions to live in a better world. As philologists, collectors, translators, researchers, editors, and mediators, the Grimms worked in the hope that their tales would benefit us in unimaginable ways, and, indeed, it is this hope that can still be felt when we read and listen to their tales. Which statement best explains the structure of this passage?

This passage restates the thesis that the first edition is influential and sums up the supporting evidence.

How did Nora come to this revelation about them? After what happened?

When he showed his hate for her when he got Krogstad's first letter.

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Krogstad: I shall only preserve it—keep it in my possession. No one who is not concerned in the matter shall have the slightest hint of it. So that if the thought of it has driven you to any desperate resolution. Nora: It has. Krogstad: If you had it in your mind to run away from your home. Nora: I had. Krogstad: Or even something worse— Nora: How could you know that? Krogstad: Give up the idea. Nora: How did you know I had thought of that? Krogstad: Most of us think of that at first. I did, too—but I hadn't the courage. Nora: [faintly] No more had I. Krogstad: [in a tone of relief]. No, that's it, isn't it—you hadn't the courage either? Nora: No, I haven't—I haven't. Krogstad: Besides, it would have been a great piece of folly. Once the first storm at home is over—. I have a letter for your husband in my pocket. Nora: Telling him everything? Krogstad: In as lenient a manner as I possibly could. What inference does the text best support?

XXX Krogstad thinks that Nora is foolish.

Which scenario is an example of intrinsic motivation?

Yannick always studies until midnight because he wants to get a good grade.

The reason a character thinks, feels, or acts a specific way is called

character motivation.

During which part of the writing process should a writer do research to gather evidence? brainstorming drafting prewriting revising

prewriting

What does Nora say she has to do now?

she needs to find herself and figure out who she is

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 2, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and the background information on the allusion it contains. Excerpt: [DECIUS.] It was a vision fair and fortunate. Your statue spouting blood in many pipes, In which so many smiling Romans bathed, Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck Reviving blood, and that great men shall press For tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance. This by Calpurnia's dream is signified. Background information: In medieval times, it was customary to dip handkerchiefs into the blood of martyrs and other great people. Doing so turned the handkerchiefs into relics for worship or inspiration. Why does Decius allude to "relics, and cognizance" in this passage?

to flatter Caesar and reassure him

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Almost immediately after the Arab uprisings began, there was debate over the role and influence of social media in the ouster of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the imminent overthrow of [Egyptian president Hosni] Mubarak. In covering what some deemed the Facebook or Twitter revolutions, the media focused heavily on young protesters mobilizing in the streets in political opposition, smartphones in hand. And since then, the violent and sectarian unrest in Syria has brought increased attention to the role of citizen journalism. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of "the internet, mobile phones, and social media" in the protests. Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. What evidence could be used to support the authors' claims in this excerpt? Select three options.

tweets (Twitter messages) describing the overthrow of Ben Ali at the time it happened journal entries from a student describing how social media helped him join a protest quotations from experts on social media use during uprisings within the Arab world

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Helmer: And it is just by interceding for him that you make it impossible for me to keep him. It is already known at the Bank that I mean to dismiss Krogstad. Is it to get about now that the new manager has changed his mind at his wife's bidding— Nora: And what if it did? Helmer: Of course!—if only this obstinate little person can get her way! Do you suppose I am going to make myself ridiculous before my whole staff, to let people think that I am a man to be swayed by all sorts of outside influence? I should very soon feel the consequences of it, I can tell you! And besides, there is one thing that makes it quite impossible for me to have Krogstad in the Bank as long as I am manager. Nora: Whatever is that? Helmer: His moral failings I might perhaps have overlooked, if necessary— Nora: Yes, you could—couldn't you? Helmer: And I hear he is a good worker, too. But I knew him when we were boys. It was one of those rash friendships that so often prove an incubus in afterlife. I may as well tell you plainly, we were once on very intimate terms with one another. But this tactless fellow lays no restraint on himself when other people are present. On the contrary, he thinks it gives him the right to adopt a familiar tone with me, and every minute it is "I say, Helmer, old fellow!" and that sort of thing. I assure you it is extremely painful for me. He would make my position in the Bank intolerable.

xxx a,b

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Helmer: Krogstad's dismissal. Nora: Call her back, Torvald! There is still time. Oh Torvald, call her back! Do it for my sake—for your own sake—for the children's sake! Do you hear me, Torvald? Call her back! You don't know what that letter can bring upon us. Helmer: It's too late. Nora: Yes, it's too late. Helmer: My dear Nora, I can forgive the anxiety you are in, although really it is an insult to me. It is, indeed. Isn't it an insult to think that I should be afraid of a starving quill-driver's vengeance? But I forgive you nevertheless, because it is such eloquent witness to your great love for me. [Takes her in his arms.] And that is as it should be, my own darling Nora. Come what will, you may be sure I shall have both courage and strength if they be needed. You will see I am man enough to take everything upon myself. Nora: [in a horror-stricken voice]. What do you mean by that? Helmer: Everything, I say— Nora: [recovering herself] You will never have to do that.

xxx a,b

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 2, scene 1. PORTIA. Brutus, my lord. BRUTUS. Portia, what mean you? Wherefore rise you now? It is not for your health thus to commit Your weak condition to the raw cold morning. PORTIA. Nor for yours neither. You've ungently, Brutus, Stole from my bed; and yesternight at supper You suddenly arose, and walked about Musing and sighing, with your arms across, And when I asked you what the matter was, You stared upon me with ungentle looks. I urged you further; then you scratched your head, And too impatiently stamped with your foot. Yet I insisted, yet you answered not, But with an angry wafture of your hand Gave sign for me to leave you. So I did, Fearing to strengthen that impatience Which seemed too much enkindled, and withal Hoping it was but an effect of humour, Which sometime hath his hour with every man. It will not let you eat, nor talk, nor sleep, And could it work so much upon your shape As it hath much prevailed on your condition, I should not know you, Brutus. Dear my lord, Make me acquainted with your cause of grief. BRUTUS. I am not well in health, and that is all. Which statement best summarizes the conflict in this passage?

A. Portia is upset because Brutus is behaving as if something is wrong, and he will not talk to her.

Read the excerpts from two articles written about the same topic. Article 1 Taxpayers will fund most of the new arena, at a cost of $300 million. We will all be asked to share the burden of a facility that may well be replaced in 10 years, when the powers that be decide that we need yet another upgrade. Article 2 The construction of the arena will cost the city $300 million. Taxpayers will assume 90 percent of the cost. Several protesters showed up at city hall Tuesday to express their disapproval of the decision. They were forcibly removed by police after two hours. Which comparison of the two excerpts is most accurate?

Excerpt 1 is subjective and opinionated, while excerpt 2 is objective and verifiable.

Read the opening paragraphs from two articles about the same news story. Paragraph 1: Santiago Lopez, a retired Professional Football League quarterback for the San Diego Waves, has publicly accused his former employers of negligence. While he played on the team, he sustained two severe knee injuries. Both injuries were to the right knee and happened within six months of each other. According to Lopez, the league knew of the seriousness of the injuries, but required him to continue to play instead of allowing him to recuperate properly. He continues by saying, "I made a commitment to the league, the Waves, and the fans, and I wanted to fulfill that, but not at the cost of my career. If I had been allowed to heal properly, I believe that I could still be playing today." League officials have declined to comment. Paragraph 2: Santiago Lopez, one of the all-time greats of the Professional Football League, was forced to retire because he can no longer walk unassisted. While playing with the San Diego Waves, he sustained painful injuries to his right knee. Lopez says that the league knew he was hurt but required him to continue to play throughout the remainder of the season. The league's actions are disappointing and irresponsible. By refusing to allow Lopez to properly treat his injuries, the league has essentially forced him into early retirement. This mismanagement has robbed him of the rest of his career and the fans of the opportunity to see him play. Which statement best compares the two paragraphs?

Paragraph 1 uses objective language, while paragraph 2 uses subjective language.

Read the paragraph from Sanjay's literary analysis essay. In "Two Kinds" by Amy Tan, the main character says, "I pretended to be bored. And I was. I got so bored I started counting the bellows of the foghorns out on the bay while my mother drilled me in other areas. The sound was comforting and reminded me of the cow jumping over the moon." Which sentences are effective ways for Sanjay to analyze the text evidence in the paragraph? Select three options.

Tan uses an allusion to the familiar nursery rhyme about the cow jumping over the moon to help readers experience what the character is feeling. Tan uses characterization, developing Jing-mei by describing how she responds to her mother's actions. Tan uses imagery to give the reader a mental picture of the main character's experiences with her mother.

Read the introduction to Dan DeLuca's argument... Which sentence states DeLuca's claim?

sentence 6

Read the passage from a speech by President George W. Bush. We have other work to do on taxes. Unless Congress acts, most of the tax relief we've delivered over the past 7 years will be taken away. Some in Washington argue that letting tax relief expire is not a tax increase. Try explaining that to 116 million American taxpayers who would see their taxes rise by an average of $1,800. Others have said they would personally be happy to pay higher taxes. I welcome their enthusiasm. I'm pleased to report that the IRS accepts both checks and money orders. Which sentence from the passage is the main reason used to support the claim stated in the first sentence?

"Unless Congress acts, most of the tax relief we've delivered over the past 7 years will be taken away."

Read the paragraph from an interpretive literary analysis. (( Amy Tan describes a change in Jing-mei's attitude. )) To revise the paragraph and make the analysis clearer, what literary terms should be substituted for the underlined words in the paragraph? Select two options.

1. characterization 2. theme

Read the two excerpts from act 3, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. SECOND PLEBEIAN. Peace, silence! Brutus speaks. FIRST PLEBEIAN. Peace, ho! BRUTUS. Good countrymen, let me depart alone, And, for my sake, stay here with Antony. Do grace to Caesar's corpse, and grace his speech Tending to Caesar's glories, which Mark Antony, By our permission, is allowed to make. I do entreat you, not a man depart Save I alone till Antony have spoke. [Exit] SECOND PLEBEIAN. Most noble Caesar! We'll revenge his death. THIRD PLEBEIAN. O royal Caesar! ANTONY. Hear me with patience. ALL. Peace, ho! ANTONY. Moreover, he hath left you all his walks, His private arbours, and new-planted orchards, On this side Tiber. He hath left them you, And to your heirs for ever—common pleasures To walk abroad and recreate yourselves. Here was a Caesar. When comes such another? Which statement best compares the last remarks in the two monologues?

Brutus creates closure, whereas Antony stimulates anger.

Which statement gives evidence for Brutus's tragic flaw in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar?

Brutus decides to join the conspirators to murder Caesar.

Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak, for him have I offended. I pause for a reply. ALL. None, Brutus, none. BRUTUS. Then none have I offended. I have done no more to Caesar than you shall do to Brutus. The question of his death is enrolled in the Capitol: his glory not extenuated, wherein he was worthy, nor his offences enforced, for which he suffered death. [Enter ANTONY and others, with CAESAR's body] Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who, though he had no hand in his death, shall receive the benefit of his dying: a place in the commonwealth—as which of you shall not? With this I depart: that, as I slew my best lover for the good of Rome, I have the same dagger for myself, when it shall please my country to need my death. What is the best summary of this monologue?

Brutus says that he has not offended anyone and that he killed Caesar for the good of Rome, just as the people may kill him someday. As Caesar's body is delivered, Brutus also acknowledges that Antony is not guilty, but will benefit from Caesar's death, just as everyone will.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. CASCA. You shall confess that you are both deceived. Here, as I point my sword, the sun arises, Which is a great way growing on the south, Weighing the youthful season of the year. Some two months hence up higher toward the north He first presents his fire, and the high east Stands, as the Capitol, directly here. BRUTUS. Give me your hands all over, one by one. CASSIUS. And let us swear our resolution. BRUTUS. No, not an oath. If not the face of men, The sufferance of our souls, the time's abuse— If these be motives weak, break off betimes, And every man hence to his idle bed. What effect does Cassius's request to swear a resolution have on Brutus?

Brutus says that swearing a resolution is not necessary to fight tyranny.

Which statements are examples of debatable claims about immigration? Select two options.

C). The number of immigrants allowed to stay in the country is affecting job availability for others. D).Immigrants are responsible for many of the advances in technology and other areas of industry.

Which option presents a complete and effective evaluation of Dan DeLuca's argument in his article "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry"?

DeLuca believes that rock lyrics must be recognized as poetry because legendary singer-songwriter Bob Dylan has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. In doing so, the Nobel committee has recognized the value of Dylan's words, which have spoken for and inspired generations since the 1960s.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Passing along information is an important part of the news process. Earlier [Project for Excellence in Journalism] research finds the role of Twitter in disseminating breaking news is not limited to the Arab uprisings—the death of Whitney Houston, for example, was announced on Twitter 55 minutes prior to the [Associated Press] confirming the story. Twitter, Facebook and other new media offer ways for the Arab-American news media to reach audiences, but also pose a threat to smaller outlets. In addition to keeping up with the online presence of larger news organizations, Arab-American media are forced to compete with user-generated content that is rapidly available to audiences. The utility of social media in accessing information became clear during the Arab uprisings and events such as Egypt's parliamentary and presidential elections. However, [Suzanne] Manneh of New America Media points out that the credibility of this information is difficult to verify "depending on where it's from, to whom it's attributed, [and] especially when various events are happening very quickly." What reasons do the authors give to support the claim that social media both helps and threatens smaller media outlets? Select two options.

Information is sometimes shared on social media before it is released by traditional media. News organizations must compete with one another and with social media to reach audiences.

People are suffering under the current leadership.

Read the excerpt from an editorial. State lawmakers are considering overturning a law that forbids the sale of lottery tickets on Sundays. Proponents of the bill claim that the reason for the potential change is a result of consumer demand. These "state leaders" clearly have no concept of how to maintain family values. Playing the lottery is just as despicable as gambling in a casino and should be outlawed altogether. Which detail reveals the writer's purpose?

Placing "state leaders" in quotation marks indicates that the writer is mocking the lawmakers.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. Kneel not, gentle Portia. PORTIA. I should not need if you were gentle Brutus. Within the bond of marriage, tell me, Brutus, Is it excepted I should know no secrets That appertain to you? Am I your self But as it were in sort or limitation? To keep with you at meals, comfort your bed, And talk to you sometimes? Dwell I but in the suburbs Of your good pleasure? If it be no more, Portia is Brutus' harlot, not his wife. BRUTUS. You are my true and honourable wife, As dear to me as are the ruddy drops That visit my sad heart. PORTIA. If this were true, then should I know this secret. I grant I am a woman, but withal A woman that Lord Brutus took to wife. I grant I am a woman, but withal A woman well reputed, Cato's daughter. Think you I am no stronger than my sex, Being so fathered and so husbanded? Tell me your counsels; I will not disclose 'em. I have made strong proof of my constancy, Giving myself a voluntary wound Here in the thigh. Can I bear that with patience, And not my husband's secrets? BRUTUS. O ye gods, Render me worthy of this noble wife! What effect does Brutus's secrecy have on his wife, Portia? Select three options.

She harms herself to prove to Brutus that she is strong enough to keep his secret. She feels like she is not really Brutus's wife if he cannot be honest with her. She thinks that Brutus is unfairly keeping her in the dark because she is a woman.

Social media poses a threat to more traditional media outlets.

Read the passage. The cost of health care is rising in America. The amount that an average family must pay for insurance is simply unaffordable. I know this because my family is an average American family—and we are worried. The people who make decisions about health care do not seem to think about the effect of the rising costs on hardworking people like my husband and me. Which statement best explains why the evidence provided in the text is a fallacy?

The writer uses an appeal to emotion by portraying her family as abandoned by policy makers.

Read the passage from President Donald Trump's inaugural address. (1) At the bedrock of our politics will be a total allegiance to the United States of America, and through our loyalty to our country, we will rediscover our loyalty to each other. (2) When you open your heart to patriotism, there is no room for prejudice. (3) The Bible tells us, "How good and pleasant it is when God's people live together in unity." (4) We must speak our minds openly, debate our disagreements honestly, but always pursue solidarity. (5) When America is united, America is totally unstoppable. (6) There should be no fear: We are protected, and we will always be protected. (7) We will be protected by the great men and women of our military and law enforcement, and most importantly, we will be protected by God. Which rhetorical devices does President Trump use in this excerpt? Select two options.

Trump uses overstatement in sentence 5. Trump uses repetition in sentences 6 and 7.

Read the excerpt from a news report. A local youth group, collaborating with Splash and Dash Car Wash, raised more than $450 for their annual trip to Washington, DC. These boys and girls, who work as mentors for younger children in our community, set a goal, organized the plan for a car wash, and worked with local businesses to find the perfect partner for their project. Working side by side with Splash and Dash Car Wash employees, the group washed nearly one hundred cars. As a result, they surpassed their fundraising goals and are able to focus on planning their trip. One student said, "This car wash was successful beyond our wildest dreams." The trip to Washington, DC, is scheduled for May 19. While they visit the nation's capital, students will tour the monuments, explore the Smithsonian museums, and meet with other youth groups from around the country. They are scheduled to leave early in the morning on May 19. The manager of Splash and Dash said that he and his staff will be there to see the students off on their trip. "These kids are our future leaders. It is wonderful to see their hard work rewarded," he said. Which headline best matches the subject and language of the article?

Youth Group's Successful Car Wash Funds Trip to DC

a blog post from someone who attended an Arab Spring demonstration statistics on Twitter use in Tunisia both before and during the uprisings data about Facebook use from a research study on the Arab Spring

Read the sample body paragraph. (( Dorothy's experiences in The Wizard of Oz provide an example of the idea of being lost and feeling confused. )) What type of evidence should be added to this paragraph to support the stated reason?

a description of Dorothy's specific expirience

What is the best definition of an appositive?

a noun or noun phrase that modifies a noun

What is the best definition of an argumentative text?

a text that supports a claim about a debatable topic using evidence as support

by examining the type of web links that were generated in nations that took part in the Arab uprisings

Read the paragraph from an interpretive literary analysis. Amy Tan describes a change in Jing-mei's attitude. This provides readers an overall description of Jing-mei and a clue to the overall idea Tan wants readers to consider in "Two Kinds": "I looked at my reflection, blinking so that I could see more clearly. The girl staring back at me was angry, powerful. This girl and I were the same. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather, thoughts filled with lots of won'ts." To revise the paragraph and make the analysis clearer, what literary terms should be substituted for the underlined words in the paragraph? Select two options.

characterization theme

Study the image. The sentence "This moment brought to you by dad" can best be described as which type of appeal?

emotional appeal

Read the body paragraph from an analysis of "Two Kinds." Amy Tan uses imagery to give readers a mental picture of how a child feels after disappointing a parent. "The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams." This memory reveals how final and frightening it was for Jing-mei to have her mother give up on her. What would make the evidence in this paragraph stronger? Select two options.

proper citation of the quotation in the paragraph smooth integration of the evidence into the paragraph

Read the paragraph from an interpretive literary analysis. The Wizard of Oz provides an example of a universal idea that connects with most readers, that "there's no place like home." Dorothy is lost in Oz and cannot find a clear path back to the place where she lives. However, L. Frank Baum provides a portrayal of Dorothy as a determined and courageous young girl who will do anything she can to help her friends and to get back to her family. To revise the paragraph and make the analysis clearer, which literary term could be substituted for the underlined word in the paragraph?

theme

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace based on an extensive content analysis of bit.ly links from the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Bahrain. Bit.ly links, or short URLs, are predominantly used in social media such as Twitter. The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Instead, the study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. "New [or social] media outlets that use bit.ly links are more likely to spread information outside of the region than inside it, acting like a megaphone more than a rallying cry." Data from the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project at least somewhat supports this conclusion with its findings that the majority of Egyptians are not online. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the total population do not use the internet. When looking specifically at those with a college education, use of social media for obtaining political information is more prevalent than in other segments of the population. Though most of the country is disconnected from the internet, 84% of those who are online say they visit social networking sites for news about Egypt's political situation. These findings point to social media's important role in spreading information, but do not necessarily indicate that social media was a mobilizing force in the uprisings. What types of evidence do the authors use in this excerpt? Select two options.

verifiable facts that explain why social media's impact was so broad during the uprisings statistics that describe Egyptians' use of the internet and social media during the uprisings

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