English IV : 10. REVIEW

--- refers to the way in which a paragraph flows logically from idea to support.

Coherence

---refers to the writer's choice of words.

Diction

Exceptions to the rules of traditional grammar seldom occur.

False

Structural grammar defines a sentence and parts of speech.

False

The brain of both man and ape is organized so that specific cognitive skills and motor skills are located on specific sides of the brain.

False

Traditional grammar is based on the French language.

False

---are complete thoughts that make sense by themselves.

Independent clauses

---used as adjectives and modify the noun or pronoun nearest to them in the sentence ending in -ing, -d, -ed, or -t.

Participial phrases

--- are those in which two sentence ideas are expressed by running two independent clauses together without any punctuation (fused sentence) or with incorrect punctuation (comma splice).

Run-on sentences

____believed that only the gods were able to communicate in words and eventually gave the gift of speech to the people.

Scandinavians

---are words that are too informal for most written composition.

Slang

---are words that are showy or too formal for most written composition.

Stilted

First words were imitations of animal cries and natural sounds.

Theory One

repetition of vowel sounds that are followed by different consonants

assonance

follows the key action or decision of the protagonist

climax

seems contradictory, but is true

paradox

to speculate

theorize

Speech began with rhythmic chants.

Theory Three

First words were exclamations of emotions.

Theory Two

Man's brain is larger than the brain of an ape.

True

One way that an individual language became the "language of the land" was when one country conquered another and imposed it's language on the conquered country.

True

Structural grammar was developed because people believed traditional grammar did not accurately describe English grammar.

True

Transformational grammar attempts to find rules that, if applied, would create all possible grammatical sentences.

True

---refers to every other sentence in a paragraph contributing to the topic sentence.

Unity

--convey unclear meanings through lack of description.

Vague

---include participial phrases, gerunds, and infinitive phrases.

Verbal phrases

A well-written paragraph has--- when all of the ideas flow together logically. The paragraph has ---when the topic sentence is clearly supported by every other sentence.

coherence unity

sentence completers

complements

---means "helpful."

conducive

Meter and rhyme must be suited to the poem's _____.

content, theme, and tone

An introductory phrase that has no logical word to modify ----

dangling modifier

---do not make sense by themselves.

dependent clauses

Conversation between characters in a story is called ---

dialogue

conversation between characters in a story

dialogue

two feet

dimeter

Four types of point of view in short stories are limited omniscient, omniscient, personal, and ---

dramatic

To--- means to heighten or to intensify.

enhance

Conflict which the character must face outside of himself is called ____ conflict.

external

A topic sentence helps support the main idea of a paragraph.

false

An outline is not essential to good writing.

false

If a writer uses clauses and phrases in a sentence, his writing will be choppy.

false

Latin is the basis of all languages.

false

Poetry and short stories are examples of expository writing.

false

Semantics is the scientific study of creative grammars.

false

Shifting tense in a paragraph adds dramatic effect.

false

The main idea always comes at the end of the paragraph

false

The topic sentence contains the supporting details of the paragraph.

false

A form of poetry that has neither rhyme nor meter is _____.

free verse

---used as a noun in sentences ending in -ing.

gerund

seven feet

heptameter

six feet

hexameter

exaggeration

hyperbole

figures of speech.

hyperbole metaphor personification simile

Select the two-syllable feet In English poetry.

iamb trochee

The most common metrical set in English is

iambic pentameter

Four types of sentences

imperative, interrogative, exclamatory, declarative

to force; to inflict

impose

---may be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb consisting of the word "to" followed by a verb form

infinitive

a struggle inside a character

internal conflict

figurative language which presents something the opposite of what it purports to be

irony

"Her voice was a fluttering harpsichord."

metaphor

The most common sound patterns in poetry are

meter and rhyme

substitutes something closely related for the actual thing

metonymy

one foot

monometer

relating of actions and incidents in a story

narration

eight feet

octameter

five feet

pentameter

"Golden slumbers kiss your eyes"

personification

framework of a short story

plot

framework of action

plot

---means "to put forth."

pose

---contains a preposition and a noun or pronoun object

prepositional phrase

to be victorious; to triumph

prevail

A person will read faster and with better comprehension if he--- instead of reading word for word.

reads groups of words

A poet uses the common sound patterns of meter and _____.

rhyme

two or more unrelated thoughts

run-on sentence

--- is a group of words that lacks either a subject or a verb, or that is a dependent clause and requires an independent clause to make it a complete thought.

sentence fragment

time, place, culture in a story

setting

time/place in which characters relate to one another

setting

comparison utilizing "like" or "as."

simile

Devices such as alliteration, consonance, and onomatopoeia are

sound effects

artful

subtle

associates part of a thing with the whole

synecdoche

four feet

tetrameter

central idea of a story

theme

main idea of a paragraph

topic sentence

Three kinds of grammar that are studied today are traditional, structural, and ---

transformational

connectors between sentences

transitional devices

three feet

trimeter

---are uncreative and that have been used over and over.

trite

According to the Bible, God spoke to the beings He created.

true

English developed from a Germanic language.

true

In fiction the reactions of people to other people and events are more important than the events themselves.

true

The purpose and the audience are important considerations for the writer of an expository essay.

true

Traditional grammar is based on the Latin language.

true

The point in the story at which the characters are forced to act is called the

turning point

Style includes:

type of language used correct grammar correct usage

A poem is a series of images that create a(n) _____.

word picture