ENSP 200 iRAT 2 and 3

**Ground source heat pumps take advantage of the nearly constant temperatures of _____ at depths of approx. 10ft below Earth's surface.

**50-60°F

**Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is covered with water?

**70%

**The specific aquifer on which much of the US midwestern agriculture depends is known as the ____.

**Ogallala aquifer

**An underground region in which rock and sediment are completely saturated with water is referred to as an

**aquifer

**In order to make use of most renewable energy resources, we must______.

**capture and convert these diffuse energy flows into more concentrated forms

**An increase in which of the following would NOT increase the environmental impacts of energy use?

**conservation

**A variation on an old saying "a kilowatt saved is a kilowatt earned." The meaning of this is_____.

**conserving energy results in earned benefits such as less pressure on energy resources

**The Aral Sea, once the fourth largest inland sea in the world, shrank due to_____.

**diversion of the rivers that flow into it

**According to Jevon's paradox, easy access to energy_____.

**encourages waste and rapid depletion of energy resources

**Biomass energy is_____.

**energy contained in firewood and other plant material

**Vampire power is______.

**energy stored when appliance is turned off, but in "standby" mode

**Using high pressure liquids to extract oils from rocks such as oil shale is known as_____.

**hydraulic fracturing

**Which of the following is characteristic of combustion of biomass for energy production?

**it is a renewable resource if managed correctly

**Two ways to conserve energy are to use____ and ____.

**less; more efficient devices

**Renewable primary energy sources include all of the following EXCEPT:

**natural gas

**The source of energy for nuclear power is_____.

**nuclear fission

**Which of the following is NOT an indirect form of solar energy?

**nuclear fission

**________ cells collect solar energy and generate electricity as electrons move within them.

**photovoltaic

**Hydropower generated through dams_____.

**produces little air pollution

**Geothermal energy is _______.

**reliable but geographically restricted

**Falling water is considered an indirect form of solar energy because____.

**solar energy causes evaporation of water and thus produces the water cycle

**What part of the continental US has the highest concentration of solar energy?

**southwest

**The sinking of an area of land above an aquifer is known as____.

**subsidence

**A watershed is ______.

**the area of land from which precipitation drains into rivers or lakes

**One of the socio-economic drawbacks to producing large-scale ethanol form corn is_____.

**the price of corn and of corn-based foods has greatly increased

**Tar sand deposits are examples of_____.

**unconventional oil reservoirs

**Passive solar technologies______.

**use the energy of sunlight without relying on electrical or mechanical devices

**Solar radiation makes several other energy sources possible, including_____.

**wind energy

*The infant mortality rate is the fraction of children who die before the age of ______.

*1 year

*In an age-structure pyramid, the most critical age span for women in order to determine the current fertility rate potential is _____.

*15-49

*When coal is burned to generate electricity, 70% of the primary energy in the coal is transformed into unused heat. This means that the energy conversion efficiency from chemical to electrical energy is

*30%

*It is estimated that the ratio of the population of developing countries to developed countries by 2050 will be___.

*6:1

*Which statement most accurately describes the population control efforts in China?

*A one-child policy that is enforced through taxation and penalties works best for controlling population.

*If the total world population reaches 13 billion, what is one issue that consumers will need to address to maintain the population on Earth while considering carrying capacity of the Earth itself?

*Behavior, lifestyles, and expectations will need to follow a path of minimizing consumption of resources

*Which statement most accurately describes the population control efforts in India?

*Changing public attitudes about family size and timing through education and counseling

*In his acceptance speech for the Nobel Prize in 1970, Norman Borlaug stated that the Green Revolution was_____.

*a temporary success in man's war against hunger

*In urban areas, an increase n impervious surfaces will cause____.

*an increase in runoff

*The lowest fertility rates might be found in_____.

*countries providing education for women

*The extent to which you consume ecosystem goods and services is described in terms of your______.

*ecological footprint

*One hundred units of coal energy are converted to electricity, which is then used to power an incandescent light bulb that produces 1.2 units of light energy. This results in a 1.2% ______.

*energy end-use efficiency

*A major characteristic of the first stage of a demographic transition is_______.

*high death rates

*In Latin America from 1600-1900 the vast majority of families lived on farms, people were very poor, and many were malnourished. The next stage of demographic transition should be followed by a period where______.

*improved economic condition relieve food shortages, health care and death rate declines

*Globally, what is the main reason that life expectancy has increased dramatically over the last five decades?

*improved health care, nutrition and sanitation

*In developing countries, a major characteristic of efforts to curb population growth that has been the most successful includes_____.

*increased education for women

*The primary reasons agricultural productivity increased during the Green Revolution was a combination of crop breeding, pest control, fertilizers and _____.

*irrigation improvements

*Electricity is often measured in ________.

*kilowatt hours (kWh)

*Which of the following is NOT a reason that poor families in developing countries might have many children?

*most children survive beyond one year (false)

*The Kern Oil Field in California has remained active because__________.

*new extraction technologies have been developed, the price of oil has increased, the demand for oil has increased

*Fossil fuels are best described as a _____ energy source.

*nonrenewable

*Which of the following primary energy resources is currently most consumed by humans?

*oil [coal, natural gas, wood]

*Vegetarians function as _______ in agricultural ecosystems.

*primary consumers

*Proved reserves of a nonrenewable energy source are ____.

*quantities of fuel that can be recovered profitably using current technology

*Early in the 18th century, Thomas Malthus recognized the connection between human population growth and _____.

*resource availablity

*In the demographic transition model, the highest growth rate in a country is likely to occur during _____.

*stage 2, the mortaility transitional stage

*In the IPAT equation, much of the impact of affluence and technology is associated with_____.

*use of energy to generate electricity and power cars

*A factor that is NOT identified as a cause of the urban heat island effect is

*vegetation

*What is a result when birth rates and death rates reach equal numbers?

*zero population growth