ENT Test 1
A method for rigorously exploring factors that contribute to a problem is called
5-why analysis.
What is social imaginativeness?
A genuine understanding of and concern for other's problems, interests, and perspectives
In the context of understanding and addressing frustrations through creative action, which of the following is most critical to testing, evaluating, learning, and improving your proposals?
Acting
Michelle was trying to describe her new consulting company to a potential client, and decided to help her visualize the service by saying "it's like a fancy salon - we talk to you about what you want and then assign our staff member best suited to meet your needs!" Which of the following visualization techniques was Michelle employing in this case?
Analogies and metaphors
Which of the following questions is most directly related to learning about customer pains?
Are there upfront costs, a steep learning curve, or other obstacles preventing adoption?
Which of the following is not typically described as part of a customer persona?
Attributes of alternative solutions
Based on our discussion about "creating" problems, why can't money by happiness?
Because people often increase their aspirations as they acquire more stuff.
Expert entrepreneurs take smart steps that test ideas within acceptable losses, and then reflect and build on what they found by taking action. How can this process promote competitive advantage?
By discovering surprises that create "secrets" that your competitors don't know yet
Which of the following is NOT an important reason for developing empathy maps that help you understand your customers' current experiences?
Canvases and maps provide clear step-by-step instructions for developing new ventures
Which of the following is most directly critical for developing new possibilities?
Creating
Which of the following entrepreneurial methods offers a detailed description of the target person you are trying to serve by solving their problem?
Customer persona
Which of the following is critical to motivating attention and engagement when addressing frustrations through creative action?
Desire
Adam Grant recently wrote an excellent book describing "originals" - employees and entrepreneurs who engage in problem finding and championing creative solutions. According to Dr. Ford's description of Grant's research, which of the following best describes the entrepreneurial mindset attributes possessed by these "originals"?
Desire, curiosity, and aspiration-performance gaps
One phase in the process of designing delightful customer experiences requires entrepreneurs to characterize their target market in highly specific terms. Which of the following phases does this best describe?
Developing a customer persona description
What phrase is often used to remind entrepreneurs to focus on solving very specific problems for relatively narrow audiences in order to create extraordinary value for those people?
Don't boil the ocean
A fascinating cognitive bias that leads relatively unskilled individuals to suffer from "illusory superiority" (severely overestimating their own ability) because they don't know enough to evaluate their own (in)ability accurately is called the
Dunning-Kruger effect.
Which of the following professional methodologies is most directly focused on describing customer experiences?
Empathy mapping
Which of the following is a useful and popular method for understanding the causes of a problem?
Fishbone diagram
What creates opportunities for entrepreneurs?
Frustration
Which of the following is NOT a one of the primary motivations individuals try to address when seeking solutions according to the Value Proposition Canvas?
Gaining control
The population of the United States is aging rapidly. This might lead an entrepreneur to conclude that problems related to vision loss, hearing loss, limited mobility, etc. are likely to change in the future. Which of the following problem characterizations is best illustrated by this example?
Growth
Which of the following is not a reason why we have trouble understanding problems?
High empathy
Adam considers himself to be a good father and wanted to surprise his family with a getaway weekend to their favorite beach resort. Which of the following gain triggers is most directly related to Adam's motivation to create gains in this example?
How does Adam measure his success or failure?
Entrepreneurship methods that attempt to characterize the size of customer markets and market segments most directly address which of the following keys for understanding customers?
How many could your help?
Excessing confidence that exceeds a person's actual capabilities can lead to poor judgment and excessive risk taking, and is often associated with
Hubris
Learning about problems so you understand them better most directly improves which of the following elements of creative action cycles?
Imagining
Recall Sinead Burke's memorable TED Talk where she describes problems she faces as a little person less than 4' tall using public restrooms or boarding a plane. Which of the following entrepreneurial methods would benefit most directly from her descriptions of her experiences?
Journey mapping
Which judgment bias occurs when one assumes a small number of observations can lead to valid and reliable conclusions?
Law of small numbers
Which of the following is an important reason for developing empathy maps that help you understand your customers' current experiences?
Mapping reveals gaps in current knowledge, thereby helping to direct future research
Which of the following is not one of the primary sources of "gaps" between current and desired experiences that motivates customers to seek new alternative solutions?
Money
In his TED talk describing how great leaders inspire action, how does Simon Sinek describe the recipe for success?
Money, the right people, and the right marketing conditions
Conceptual organizing processes are especially important early in an entrepreneurial journey when trying to reach the organizing milestone of
Never stop creating
Which of the following is not one of the methods used by expert entrepreneurs described by Saras Saravathy's research on effectuation?
Never stop creating
Why is initiative especially important when considering creative or entrepreneurial action?
Novel actions are seldom required by job descriptions
In his TED Talk, Tony Fadell describes a process called habituation where people experience diminished responses to frequently observed situations. What is the consequence of habituation that most concerns Fadell?
People stop noticing the problems that are around us, or how to solve them
Jill is a frequent business traveler who tends to be introverted and analytical, thus making it likely that she could be influenced by ads showing comparisons among various offers. Which of the following aspects of a customer persona is most closely reflected by this example?
Psychographics
Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations offered for developing your entrepreneurial mindset?
Reflect on your past and try to minimize your regrets
What is a 5-why analysis also known as?
Root cause analysis
Tanya had several new venture ideas that interested her. Rather than pick one to pursue right away, she spent a little time investigating and gaining feedback on several ideas to see if her desire to pursue any of them would grow. How can low commitment smart steps like these fuel desire?
Small successes may boost confidence, optimism and positive feelings that increase desire
An essential creativity and entrepreneurship action principle that emphasizes acting, reflecting and learning as a means of addressing the unknown is called
Smart steps
Brandon decided to invest in an expensive designer suit so that others would view him as a highly successful young professional. Which of the following types of customer jobs is motivating Brandon's purchase in this example?
Social Job
What company does Dr. Ford use as an example when he explains the customer journey map?
Starbucks
"Creaction" is a term created to describe two action principles entrepreneurs need to embrace that promote learning, imagining, and judgment? Which of the following best describes creaction's action principles?
Take small smart steps, and reflect on experiences to justify next steps
In Angela Duckworth's Ted Talk, she discusses Carol Dweck's concept "Growth Mindset." What is a "Growth Mindset"?
The belief that your ability to learn is not fixed and can change with your effort
Which of the following offers the best description of "coachability"?
The degree to which an entrepreneur seeks, carefully considers, and integrates feedback from others
Which of the following statements best describes the status of research related to assessing your entrepreneurial mindset?
There is considerable research on facets of personality and motivation that one might associate with an entrepreneurial mindset, but there's no actual measure yet.
The video you watched regarding the creation of customer journeys described how packaging pain reliever pills and a bottle makes it more efficient to dispense large numbers of tablets. Which of the following attributes of experience design does this example best illustrate?
Time - duration
Which of the following best describes this module's learning objective?
To develop an entrepreneurial mindset
An investment loss would be an example of which type of failure?
Unavoidable failure in complex systems
Tong decided to buy a mouth moisturizer spray in hopes that it would help him fight bad breath. Which of the following best describes the type of pain Tong hopes to avoid?
Undesired outcomes or problems
Contemporary entrepreneurs make extensive use of napkin sketches (or whiteboard sketches) to help others visualize their new venture proposals. Which of the following visualization best practices to these types of sketches address most directly?
Use simple imagery to engage others
Understanding people's current experiences within the universe of available solutions allows entrepreneurs to understand
What is
When should decision makers use routine decision methods that predict outcomes associated with current choices?
When situations are well known
When are individuals most likely to take a smart step to explore a novel idea within their acceptable losses?
When their current circumstances are below their aspirations
When are people more likely to be frustrated?
When their current circumstances are below their aspirations
When are people less likely to be frustrated?
When their current circumstances exceed their aspirations
According to Tony Fadell's Ted Talk "The first secret of design is...noticing," What is habituation?
When we encode behaviors in our everyday lives as habits
Gaining empathy for customers may allow one to search the Internet for solutions and gain insight regarding issues you must know about your customers. "Google it" is especially useful advice for addressing the question
Where does your customer find alternatives?
Which of the following questions is most directly related to learning about customer gains?
Which is more important to you, lower prices or higher quality?
Effective entrepreneurs conduct extensive research so they can describe customer personas they are trying to help and market segments they might address with their offerings. Which of the following key issues for understanding customers are most directly addressed by these methods?
Who are they?
Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits associated with enrolling others in your entrepreneurial journeys?
You accelerate your startup process (use resources more efficiently)
Evolutionary models stand in contrast to traditional sequential/stage models of creativity, innovation and change that isolate creativity from outside influences. What benefits do you realize by adopting an evolutionary rather than a sequential process view of creativity and entrepreneurship?
You increase input diversity, enhance novelty, and reduce risk associated with underestimating uncertainty
The consulting company Strategizer has developed a popular methodology for categorizing specific customer frustrations and helping entrepreneurs design solutions that directly address those frustrations. Their widely used method is called
a Value Proposition Canvas.
A modern entrepreneurship methodology that characterizes customer interactions across all touch points they have with a particular solution or brand is called
a customer journey.
The primary elements of the value proposition canvas include
a customer profile and value map.
A critical method used by expert entrepreneurs to accelerate learning-through-action is called
acting with the means at hand.
Aaron met a branding specialist at a networking event, had a long conversation, and exchanged business cards. In doing so, Aaron expanded his resources at hand by
adding a weak tie to his professional network.
A sophisticated methodology used by entrepreneurs to understand what a customer is experiencing when they address a problem is called
an empathy map.
The possibility of introducing an innovation to a specific market at a profit is best described as
an oppertunity
A common negotiation tactic is to present an extreme proposal at the beginning of the discussion. This is justified by research demonstrating that opponents will be influenced to accept a position closer to an extreme proposal than they would have if it had not been presented. This well-established decision-making bias is called
anchoring and adjustment.
The Value Proposition Canvas provides entrepreneurs with a tool for organizing their hypotheses related to people and their problems. Thus, it provides a means of
articulating and testing assumptions.
Nicole interviewed dozens of potential customers and learned that people really hate to wait in line at fast-casual restaurants. Thus, she determined that the primary value proposition for her restaurant "speed pass" system was to help people
avoid undesired outcomes (pains).
If you find these learning modules to be pleasurable, you are more likely to
be engaged and motivated.
One should expect a nascent entrepreneur to benefit most from an entrepreneurship class if they possess
coach-ability
For a smart step to be truly smart, it's important to
consider acceptable losses before taking action.
In his TED Talk, "How to build your creative confidence," David Kelly explains why creativity shouldn't be perceived as a special ability accessible only to a select few. His overall message is that we should not divide people into creative vs. non-creative, but rather work to build everyone's
creative self-efficacy.
The customer segment of the Value Proposition Canvas focuses on gains, pains, and
customer jobs.
Creaction - taking smart steps that use means at hand and only invest acceptable losses - is best used when
decision makers can't make forecasts and the future is unknown.
The book "Just Start" is based on insights from the world's top-ranked entrepreneurship program at Babson College as well as research examining expert entrepreneurs' decision making methods. Collectively, these methods are described as
effectuation.
Individuals and organizations need to balance their respective investments in
exploiting current routines and exploring novel alternatives.
Before developing creative solutions, the inventor of brainstorming Alex Osborn argues that one must prepare by engaging in
fact finding.
When describing the process they use to create novel performance concepts, OK GO argues that they don't think of ideas, but instead they
find them.
Dr. William Green from the University of Miami suggests that everyone should learn entrepreneurial methods by describing entrepreneurship as a
form of social responsibility.
If a particular problem affects people every day, an entrepreneur could characterize that problem as
frequent
The primary emotion that entrepreneurs must understand about their customers is
frustration
Determining that many students place a high priority on control and being their own boss is an example of a priority related to
gains
Nascent entrepreneurs who are trying to launch a startup within a specific timeframe are likely to have an entrepreneurial mindset characterized by
high entrepreneurial intentions.
The starting point for developing any new venture value proposition is to
identify people with frustrating problems.
The band OK GO is famous for their creative "performance art" music videos. Their explanation of their creative process suggests that deeply immersing yourself in a problem space, as they did when they rode the anti-gravity inducing "vomit comet" airplane, can help inspire
imagining
If a particular problem hurts customers a lot, thereby imposing considerable frustration, an entrepreneur could characterize that problem as
important
In her TED talk describing some of the challenges she faces as a little person, Sinead Burke shares that design is a way
in which all people can feel included in the world.
The biggest difference between creative solutions and innovations is that
innovations are intended to be adopted by other people.
The process by which individuals influence others to pay attention to an issue is best described as
issue selling.
In her TED talk describing some of the challenges she faces as a little person, Sinead Burke ends her talk saying, "Design is an enormous privilege, but
it is a bigger responsibility."
A process for describing how a target user/customer goes about their day and how the need for your solution might arise is called:
journey mapping.
Coachability is arguably helpful to every aspect of the creative action cycle, but it is most directly essential to improving
learning and judgment.
Conventional thinking resulting from being too focused on one's current role and routines is often described as
myopia (nearsightedness).
Normative knowledge is a type of empathy that concerns
norms regarding the presentation of credible evidence.
Optimism refers to
one's expectation that situations will be supportive, favorable, and fair.
A common analogy that entrepreneurs use to describe attributes of their customers and the markets they serve is
pain
If a particular problem is commonly experienced, thereby affecting many people, an entrepreneur could characterize that problem as
pervasive
Exploring the round half of the Value Proposition Canvas that articulates a customer segment's circumstances with respect to important jobs, desired gains, and unwanted pains is best thought of a useful tool for
problem finding.
Dr. Ford suggested that the best approach to enjoying a fulfilling career, one where you create value and make an impact, is to stop thinking about "getting" a job and to start thinking "doing" work that connects the
problems you care about, the talents you possess, and the things you like to do.
Developing a compelling narrative and telling and engaging story are especially essential with respect to creating ______________ for yourself and others.
purpose and meaning.
A consultant to a congressional subcommittee investigating the causes of mass school shootings suggested a rigorous method for identifying and distinguishing symptoms from causes so that the group could formulate effective policies. Her method began by describing the problem as "mass school shootings" and they asking "why" they happen. Then for each cause identified, she continued asking "why" each of those occurred, and so on up to five times (i.e., "5-why" analysis). This method for rigorously exploring factors that contribute to or cause a problem is called
root-cause analysis.
Your ability to create value and make an impact lives at the intersection of: problems you care about, outcomes you desire, and
talents you possess.
A customer persona or archetype is a generalization or caricature intended to represent
the one you would like to help.
Gaining empathy for the characteristics and roles of your customers is an important part of empathy mapping that can help you understand
their goals.
Bringing other people along is best done by "enrolling" others with opportunities to
to express their values and talents.
When considering the customer's experience, you should think about all the __________ or "moments of truth" that define the quality of a customer's experience and the authenticity of a company's brand promise.
touchpoints
When you create something new that others adopt (an innovation), you are likely to
undermine existing routines and solutions.
Framing a problem by highlighting the need to act quickly in order to avoid pains or realize gains refers to
urgency
Learning and imagining revealed gaps between
what is and what could be.
The young woman you saw visiting a delightful café with smiling staff, free muffins, and discounts for promoting on social media avoided the hassles of the cheap diner she visited previously and attained some unexpected happy surprises. With respect to empathy mapping, these insights into the pains and gains guiding her morning can help you understand
what she thinks and feels.
If you were to notice a young woman leaving a restaurant because she saw the cook being careless, sloppy, and unclean, you could likely empathize with her experience. Noticing things that people see and hear can be especially helpful for understanding __________________ when one is developing an empathy map that describes a customer experience.
what they do
The results of a Fishbone Diagram help you know
what you don't know.
Relational knowledge is a type of empathy that concerns
who is likely to be affected, who cares, and who objects.
What are "intelligent failures at the frontier"?
"Good" failures from experimentation resulting in new knowledge and reduced uncertainty
Self-efficacy can enhance opportunity beliefs, especially "3rd person" beliefs that an opportunity is good for someone with the right talent and motivation. Which of the following questions associated with 3rd person opportunity beliefs is most closely associated with entrepreneurial self-efficacy?
Can I do it?
Oswego Outerwear recently implemented automated stitching and pressing machines that allowed them to reduce their workforce and move to a smaller facility. Process innovations like this are common strategies entrepreneurial leaders may use to make their offerings
Cheaper
Barry loved to go to startup workshops and meet with experienced advisors so he could learn from their experiences and improve his proposals. Which of the following attributes of an entrepreneurial mindset does Barry seem to possess?
Coachability
In his TED Talk, "How to build your creative confidence," David Kelly explains why creativity shouldn't be perceived as a special ability accessible only to a select few. His overall message is that we should not divide people into creative vs. non-creative, but rather work to build everyone's
Creating Self-Efficacy
Nora created a successful startup venture by selling exotic scarves that were very common in Croatia to people in Chicago who were unfamiliar with the designs and, therefore, considered them to be creative. Which of the following aspects of defining creativity is most important to understanding Nora's success in this example?
Creativity needs to be assessed at a particular point in time in a particular task domain
According to the book "Just Start" what is the most essential aspect of an entrepreneurial mindset?
Desire
Which of the following best describes the learning objective for Module 3?
Developing your ability to deeply understand and articulate problems
Which of the following judgments raises 3rd person opportunity beliefs to 1st person opportunity beliefs?
Do I want to do it?
Which of the following contributes to an entrepreneurial mindset primarily by fostering confidence or belief in one's ability to succeed as an entrepreneurial leader?
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy
Which of the following is NOT one of the three things commonly attributed to entrepreneurs?
Entrepreneurs create most new ideas
How might grit enhance the evolution of an idea during an entrepreneurial journey?
Entrepreneurs may be more likely to iterate failed proposals until they become valued
Which judgment bias occurs when one increases investment in failing courses of action, rather than cutting losses and incurring "sunk costs"?
Escalation Commitment
Which of the following is NOT a facets of an entrepreneurial mindset?
Extroversion
Local companies have expressed their enthusiasm about hiring UCF graduates who are able to sustain effort and interest in long term projects that often entail delayed gratification and responding to negative feedback. Which of the following entrepreneurial mindset attributes does is most closely associated with this employer preference?
Grit
What was the number one predictor of success in Angela Duckworth's research?
Grit
Harley was focusing on their worst case scenario for their new venture idea, and was concerned that they couldn't afford losing resources if their next smart step failed. What would predict in this situation?
Harley would likely stop and not take another smart step
Motivation is based on
Imagining consequences associated with alternative behaviors.
Which of the following characteristic is associated with proactively engaging role expectations, and often contributing beyond what a role formally requires (e.g., acting creatively)?
Initiative
Which of the following is NOT a primary influence on entrepreneurs' learning and judgment?
Initiative
Matthew is excited about starting a new venture that sells cereal bars that reverse the aging process. Once he gives this a little more thought, which of the following new venture idea assessments is most likely to prevent Matthew from determining that this represents a "3rd person opportunity"?
Is it Feasible
Which of the following statements best describes creative imaginativeness?
It allows individuals to make novel connections among bits of existing information
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways practical imaginativeness can help entrepreneurs?
It helps entrepreneurs improve their optimism.
Modern entrepreneurship methods emphasize the importance of gaining a deep understanding of other people's problems, interests, and perspectives. How does enriching social imagination and empathy like this improve entrepreneurs' judgments?
It helps them evaluate whether a novel solution is valuable to others
The ability to apply existing methods to solve new problems, visualize processes/systems, and anticipate potential obstacles best describes
Practical Imagination
Which of the following types of personality characteristics or individual differences is most likely to change in the relatively near term?
Relatively narrow characteristics that are specific to particular situations or contexts
Which of the following is NOT one of the possible outcomes from action that allows expert entrepreneurs to build on what they find?
Results create total certainty regarding expected outcomes
Entrepreneurial methods that involve observing and interviewing people to learn more about their experiences, perspectives, and feelings are important tools entrepreneurship use to improve their
Social imaginativeness.
Which of the following would be most likely to follow from having high entrepreneurial intentions?
Taking initiative to pursue new venture opportunities
What happens when decision makers use conservative decision criteria that limits their exposure to failed ventures?
They miss more opportunities
Grit is commonly described as a person's ability to sustain effort and interest in long-term projects. By extending the timeframe of success/failure judgments, grit provides entrepreneurs with
an improved ability to recover from short-term setbacks.
Victoria visited with entrepreneurship coaches at least once a month to help her learn how to pitch here startup investment opportunity to investors. In this case she was investing in coaching primarily to help her
anticipate how others may evaluate their ideas.
According to Alex Osborn, widely viewed as the inventor of brainstorming, before gathering evidence or developing creative solutions, one must first
articulate the problem.
Darwinian evolution processes derived from biology have been served as analogies for creativity, innovation, and business strategy for decades. One implication of adopting this analogy is that it emphasizes that
creativity is competitive, and new solutions make render existing solutions obsolete.
Someone who lacks motivation because they view situations as unfair can be characterized as having
low optimism.
Creative imaginativeness might help entrepreneurs to act with the resources at hand by helping them
make novel connections allowing them to use available resources more effectively.
Failures resulting from deviance, inattention, or lack of ability performing routine (high certainty) tasks are considered
preventable failures in predictable operations.
Innovation may make it possible for all firms in an industry to improve their products, services, and efficiency. When this happens innovators expand an industry's
productivity frontier.
Entrepreneurs with Initiative refers to
those individuals who proactively engage in their role expectations and often are willing to contribute beyond what their role requires.
In addition to considering how much one can afford to pay to take a smart step (an action that promotes learning and reduces uncertainty), one needs to consider whether one is willing to take that step. Willingness to take a step would likely be greater if a person
thought they had nothing to lose (low opportunity costs).
Entrepreneurs with low initiative are
unlikely to take steps to purse their entrepreneurial goals.