enviro chapter 9
Between 1880 and 1930 human population doubled due to the industrial revolution, a combination of high birth rates and lowered death rates, improvements in societal infrastructure and services.
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In a population of 2,000 people, 40 babies are born and 20 people die. What is the rate of population change?
1%
Rapid population growth is considered to be an annual growth rate of about:
2%
The population pyramid is much wider at the base than at the top for a country experiencing:
rapid growth
Fertility is influenced by:
religion, national development, availability of birth control
The is the average number of children each parent must have in order to replace themselves in the population.
replacement level
A graph of human population growth will form a J-curve when:
resources are abundant
A graph of human population growth will form an S-curve when:
resources are in short supply
Countries that have entered the third stage of demographic transition are most probably characterized by
societal conditions that favor smaller families
result of urbanization where the workforce in a city lives in the area around the city
surburban sprawl
percentage of members of a group who are likely to survive to a given age
survivorship
Age structure data include all of the following except
the amount of population change due to immigration or emigration.
During Stage 2 of a population's demographic transition,
the death rate decreases
Natural resources were negatively impacted by the development of:
tools, agriculture, and industrialization
During a demographic transition, death rates first drop significantly during the:
transitional stage
movement of people into cities from rural areas
urbanization
Replacement fertility leads to:
zero population growth
Which country has experienced negative population growth in the early 21st century?
Russia
Which of the following is true of human demographic trends?
When birth rates and death rates are both high, the population grows slowly, if at all.
Population change is calculated from:
adding births and immigration and subtracting deaths and emigration
Exponential population growth occurred:
after the last ice age and after the industrial revolution
the distribution of ages in a specific population at a certain time
age structure
Scientists predict population sizes by using age
age structure, survivorship, fertility rate, and migration
Large families are advantageous in:
agricultural societies
land that can be used to grow crops
arable land
A shortage of arable land can decrease the food supply
available to a growing population
During the fourth stage of demographic transition, the birth rate drops and the size of the population begins to
decrease.
a model that describes how changes in a population will occur
demographic transition
the study of population
demography
Post- industrial societies are characterized by:
equal and low birth and death rates
rapid growth represented by a J-shaped curve
exponential growth
The scientific and industrial revolutions brought about the changes that caused
exponential growth of the world human population
An increase in water-borne diseases could possibly be alleviated by adequate sewage treatment facilities for
growing population
Pre-industrial societies are characterized by:
high birth rates and high death rates
the movement of individuals into a population
immigration
An increase in population could result from
increased birth rate, increased life expectancy, or immigration
During a demographic transition, birth rates first drop significantly during the:
industrial stage
the advancement of technology due to the use of machines
industrialization
the basic facilities and services that support a community
infrastructure
have the highest birth rates
least developed countries
average number of years a person is likely to live
life expectancy
Which of the following is not a strategy that would reduce population size?
limiting education for women incentives
industrial societies are characterized by:
low birth rates and low death rates
The current rapid growth in the human population is due mainly to:
lower death rates
movement of individuals into or out of a population
migration
Since 1970, fertility rates have decreased in both
more developed and less developed countries.
a double-sided bar graph of age structures in a population
population pyramid
Over the next several decades, the relative size of which age group is expected to grow substantially?
post reproductive category
Population growth is most stable in which types of countries?
pre industrial and post industrial
Which of the following is a reason that wood is considered a limited resource in many developing countries?
People cut down trees faster than they can grow