ENVS 1126 Mini-Exams

b. the fuel core could overheat from radioactive decay and lead to a meltdown

A loss-of-coolant accident is very dangerous because Select one: a. the leaking coolant would quickly spread highly radioactive material over a large region. b. the fuel core could overheat from radioactive decay and lead to a meltdown. c. without the surrounding water as a moderator, the fission reaction would increase in rate. d. without the surrounding water as a moderator, the fission reaction would turn into a fusion reaction.

a . a meteorologist to study the regional climate

A university in Florida wishes to investigate the feasibility of using a large wind turbine on campus to power several buildings. Wind speeds throughout the year and potential storms and hurricanes must be considered to determine if and where a wind turbine might be installed. To consider these many factors, the university would most benefit from the work of Select one: a. a meteorologist to study the regional climate. b. a physicist to measure changes in the stratosphere. c. an environmental biologist to measure the biotic and abiotic factors in the region. d. a meteorologist to predict changes in the stratosphere.

c. Neolithic Revolution

An isolated village of about 1,000 people in a developing nation may be hunting and raising only enough crops to feed themselves. Such a village may have fewer than half their children surviving to adulthood. This struggling village primarily reflects the result of which revolution? Select one: a. Industrial Revolution b. Green Revolution c. Neolithic Revolution d. Medical Revolution

b. a truck driver or pharmaceutical company worker

Assuming that these people do not use tobacco products, a person in which of the following professions would most likely have the highest exposure to benzene, a known carcinogen? Select one: a. an environmental science professor b. a truck driver or pharmaceutical company worker c. an accountant working in a large office building d. a cashier at a grocery store

b. decomposed organic matter called humus

At a county fair, the winner of the best garden vegetable competition is asked how she grows such wonderful produce consistently. Wanting not to reveal all of her secrets, she says she uses composted materials. What this gardener is using is Select one: a. a mixture of fungi, insects, and worms. b. decomposed organic matter called humus. c. a type of soil made of sand and fertilizer. d. a type of soil made of a mixture of clay and sand

a. recycled vegetable oil used in cooking food

Biodiesel is often produced using Select one: a. recycled vegetable oil used in cooking food. b. corn-based ethanol. c. any type of cellulosic feedstock. d. solar and wind turbine sources of energy.

c. a consumer eating a producer

Bison grazing on grasses growing in a meadow represent Select one: a. a predator eating a consumer. b. anaerobic metabolism. c. a consumer eating a producer. d. two producers exchanging energy.

a. cancer, neurological disorders, and infertility

Chronic pesticide exposure has been clearly linked to Select one: a. cancer, neurological disorders, and infertility. b. malaria and bubonic plague. c. viral outbreaks. d. heart disease and strokes.

a. the polluter pays and equity principles

Discussing the consequences of global climate change at a conference, representatives of a developing nation suggest that those nations that contribute the most greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere should contribute the most to paying for adaptive responses worldwide. Further, this representative pointed out that her poor country contributes less than 1% of the annual GHGs and has less than 0.1% of the world's wealth. This representative's appeal represents Select one: a. the polluter pays and equity principles. b. the precautionary principle. c. an argument for mitigation instead of adaptation. d. stages 2 and 3 of the climate change skeptics' responses.

d. public risk perceptions

Disproportionate concerns about the safety of public drinking water versus the greater dangers of cigarette smoking reflect problems of Select one: a. exposure assessment. b. dose-response assessment. c. hazard assessment. d. public risk perceptions.

d. interspecific competition

Dung beetles live in regions where cattle graze, quickly burying and recycling cattle droppings. Because of the dung beetle's activities, breeding habitats and resources for disease-carrying flies are reduced and the plants upon which cattle feed are nourished. The relationship between the dung beetles and the disease-carrying flies is a type of Select one: a. mutualism. b. intraspecific competition. c. commensalism. d. interspecific competition.

a. in the developing regions of the world

Efforts to limit global deforestation should be concentrated Select one: a. in the developing regions of the world. b. in regions with the highest production of agricultural crops. c. in the northern hemisphere. d. wherever there is the greatest concentration of people

a. flows one way through ecosystems, but nutrients cycle within ecosystems

Energy Select one: a. flows one way through ecosystems, but nutrients cycle within ecosystems. b. and nutrients both cycle within ecosystems. c. cycles within ecosystems, while nutrients flow only one way through ecosystems. d. and nutrients flow one way through ecosystems.

b. investments in banks and distribution of birth control

Two conflicting approaches to helping countries through the demographic transition require different types of aid. An attempt to provide aid using both approaches might include Select one: a. desalination plants to bring in more fresh water and distribution of vaccines. b. investments in banks and distribution of birth control. c. construction of recycling plants and investment in pollution control systems. d. shipments of large amounts of food and improvements in sanitation systems.

b. within its optimal range

In a greenhouse, it would be best to position a plant so that its exposure to sunlight would be Select one: a. at its zones of stress. b. within its optimal range. c. within its limits of tolerance. d. at the photosynthetic limit.

c. type I survivorship pattern, and r-strategists have a type III survivorship pattern

In general, K-strategists have a Select one: a. type II survivorship pattern, and r-strategists have a type III survivorship pattern. b. type III survivorship pattern, and r-strategists have a type II survivorship pattern. c. type I survivorship pattern, and r-strategists have a type III survivorship pattern. d. type II survivorship pattern, and r-strategists have a type I survivorship pattern.

c. addressed by laws and public policies

In general, problems caused by economic activities are Select one: a. characteristic of small populations. b. usually temporary. c. addressed by laws and public policies. d. not environmental problems.

a. the chances of precipitation will increase

If a cold front moves into a moist region, Select one: a. the chances of precipitation will increase. b. photosynthesis will increase. c. humidity will likely decrease. d. evaporation will increase.

b. increasing sulfate aerosol and high clouds in the sky

In the summer, some people place a windshield reflector in the front of their cars to reduce the buildup of heat inside the car. In the greenhouse effect, this would be most like Select one: a. increasing the amount of acid rain that is produced by burning coal. b. increasing sulfate aerosol and high clouds in the sky. c. adding more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. d. decreasing the amount of ozone in the stratosphere.

a. mortality within the age group

In this figure, the width of each bar includes a measure of the Select one: a. mortality within the age group. Correct b. size of the family of women of reproductive age. c. total fertility of the age group. d. age of first reproduction of the age group.

c. rise in ocean temperatures but decrease in ocean pH

Increasing levels of greenhouse gases have caused a Select one: a. rise in ocean temperatures and an increase in ocean pH. b. decrease in ocean temperatures and a decrease in ocean pH. c. rise in ocean temperatures but a decrease in ocean pH. d. decrease in ocean temperatures but an increase in ocean pH.

b. salts are deposited on the soil surface as water evaporates

Irrigation can result in the salinization of soils because Select one: a. the irrigation water washes away soil leaving behind concentrated salts. b. salts are deposited on the soil surface as water evaporates. c. many of the plants grown in these regions excrete salts into the soil. d. shortages of freshwater require the use of saltwater for irrigation

b. decreasing production of the grain in the developing country

When a country such as the United States exports subsidized grains, it hurts a developing country importing the grain by Select one: a. increasing domestic production of grains in the developing country. b. decreasing production of the grain in the developing country. c. causing more people to turn to subsistence farming in the developing country. d. increasing the demand for meat in the developing country.

a. oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and/or sulfur

Natural organic compounds typically consist of some combination of carbon, hydrogen, and Select one: a. oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and/or sulfur. b. nitrogen, lead, mercury, and/or sulfur. c. oxygen, nitrogen, sodium, and/or potassium. d. sulfur, oxygen, zinc, and/or chloride.

a. a swimming pool in Arizona in the winter

Solar thermal systems would be least expensive to build and most effective to heat Select one: a. a swimming pool in Arizona in the winter. b. a home in South Dakota in the fall. c. water in a home in Oregon in the spring. d. a cabin in Alaska in the winter.

b. the heat of the sun into stream to drive turbogenerator

Solar trough technology converts Select one: a. sunlight into electricity which then produces steam heat. b. the heat of the sun into steam to drive a turbogenerator. c. the ultraviolet light in sunlight directly into electricity. d. the direct current generated by photovoltaic cells into alternating current.

d. All of the above

Stewardship of water resources includes Select one: a. the need for good water for developing societies. b. the reduction of wasteful use of water. c. the needs of natural ecosystems and endangered species. d. All of the above

a. power farm machinery and to produce fertilizers and pesticides

The industrial revolution has led to an increased reliance on fossil fuels to Select one: a. power farm machinery and to produce fertilizers and pesticides. b. power farm machinery and to produce fertilizers. c. develop new types of crops. d. power farm machinery.

c. biomagnification and persistence

The dangers of widespread DDT use are largely due to two main characteristics of DDT, its Select one: a. degradation and nonpersistence. b. bioremediation and nonpersistence. c. biomagnification and persistence. d. bioremediation and persistence.

c. generate stream

The early Industrial Revolution primarily relied on fossil fuels to Select one: a. run gasoline engines. b. run power plants that generated electricity. c. generate steam. d. generate heat and electricity.

c. vital raw materials and ecosystem services and absorb wastes

The ecological economic paradigm argues that the environment encompasses the economy because the environment is essential to provide Select one: a. solar energy needed for plants and to light our environment during the day. b. the energy necessary to run our homes and factories. c. vital raw materials and ecosystem services and absorb wastes. d. transportation along highways, railways, rivers, and oceans.

d. pesticides, creating a never-ending pesticide treadmill requiring new pest-fighting strategies

The evolution of pesticide resistance, resurgence, and secondary-pest outbreaks are only some of the problems that result from reliance on Select one: a. crop rotation and biological controls, which disrupt the natural dynamics of ecosystems. b. rodenticides to kill weeds and insect pests and prevent the spread of viral diseases. c. pesticides, creating the need to alternate between a pesticide and an herbicide every other year. d. pesticides, creating a never-ending pesticide treadmill requiring new pest-fighting strategies.

d. the poorest people in developing nations

The loss of biodiversity most severely affects Select one: a. developed nations of the world. b. the production of food in the developed world. c. the wealthiest people in the world. d. the poorest people in developing nations.

d. restoration of scenic beauty of rivers and fisheries

The removal of existing dams is motivated by Select one: a. the need for more hydroelectric power stations. b. the need for more irrigation water. c. the need for more urban drinking water. d. restoration of scenic beauty of rivers and fisheries.

b. Huge windmills in Texas are able to capture 50% of the wind energy in a specific region

Which of the following best illustrates the sustainable use of a resource? Select one: a. Fishing industries improve their methods and now remove more than 90% of the fish in a region. b. Huge windmills in Texas are able to capture 50% of the wind energy in a specific region. c. Coal mines in West Virginia remove the tops of mountains to extract large amounts of coal. d. Corporations are converting their company automobiles from gasoline to cheaper natural gas.

a. the production of food: agriculture and fisheries

Which of the following human activities is most negatively impacting biodiversity around the world? Select one: a. the production of food: agriculture and fisheries b. recreational activities c. the construction of roads in wilderness areas d. the harvesting of fossil fuels

b. sulfur dioxide released from a coal burning power plant

Which of the following illustrates an anthropogenic form of pollution? Select one: a. large clouds of smoke from a forest fire caused by lightning b. sulfur dioxide released from a coal burning power plant c. a large plume of ash from an erupting volcano d. sea salt aerosols in the air above an ocean

d. mutualism

dung beetles live in regions where cattle graze, quickly burying and recycling cattle droppings. Because of the dung beetle's activities, breeding habitats and resources for disease-carrying flies are reduced and the plants upon which cattle feed are nourished. The relationship between the dung beetles and the cattle is a type of Select one: a. intraspecific competition. b. interspecific competition. c. parasitism. d. mutualism.

b. producers, consumers, and decomposers

ou are enjoying a salad with lettuce coated by mushrooms, tomatoes, carrots, and bits of bacon from grain-fed pigs. Your salad represents Select one: a. only producers and carnivores. b. producers, consumers, and decomposers. c. only producers and consumers. d. only producers.

a. Eating a high-fat diet and engaging in little exercise, a man increasingly becomes obese

Which of the following is a good example of a cultural hazard to public health? Select one: a. Eating a high-fat diet and engaging in little exercise, a man increasingly becomes obese. b. During an earthquake in Japan, people are killed by falling pieces of a building. c. Air pollution near an oil refinery releases known carcinogens into the air. d. People living in southern Africa face some of the highest risks of developing tuberculosis.

b. gasoline engine emissions from automobiles

Which of the following is an anthropogenic source of acid deposition? Select one: a. volcanic eruptions b. gasoline engine emissions from automobiles c. sea spray d. extensive natural forest fires

a. the formation of clouds

Which of the following is an example of condensation? Select one: a. the formation of clouds b. the loss of water from leaves of a tree c. the absorption of water by the roots of a plant d. the formation of snow

c. ocean fish netted from food

Which of the following is an example of natural goods from an ecosystem? Select one: a. pollination b. carbon sequestration c. ocean fish netted for food d. control of pest populations

b. Oil reserves, buried deep below the surface of the ground

Which of the following is not a renewable resource? Select one: a. Plants, such as bamboo and rice, growing in moist environments b. Oil reserves, buried deep below the surface of the ground c. Water flowing through a dam d. The sun beating down on a rain forest

d. riding your bike to work instead of driving

Which of the following most illustrates environmental stewardship? Select one: a. using only antibacterial soaps for washing dishes b. paving a parking lot with blacktop outside of a dorm c. using non-biodegradable pesticides on your garden d. riding your bike to work instead of driving

c. The recycling of materials generated by human consumption

Which of the following represents a potentially sustainable process? Select one: a. The release of heat into the atmosphere b. The transformation of oil into heat energy in a power plant c. The recycling of materials generated by human consumption d. The generation of wastes as a byproduct of human consumption

b. installing very efficient geothermal systems to cool homes in the summer

Which of the following would be expected to have the greatest impact in reducing the demand for electric-power-generating plants in the United States? Select one: a. adopting policies that promote salmon migrations by removing dams b. installing very efficient geothermal systems to cool homes in the summer c. requiring companies to turn off all lights on weekends when nobody is working d. increasing the number of hybrid electrical cars in the United States

b. loss of a keystone species from the ecosystem

Which of the following would most likely have the greatest impact on a large ecosystem? Select one: a. construction of a two-lane gravel road through the middle of the ecosystem b. loss of a keystone species from the ecosystem c. construction of a lodge and trails to permit better access for ecotourists d. allow the ecosystem to burn on a natural cycle

b. Children of the poorest families attens school without any cost, including school lunches

Which one of the following best illustrates a situation most likely to reduce extreme poverty? Select one: a. All members of the poorest families over the age of 10 are provided with jobs on farms, helping to provide food for all the impoverished members of their community. b. Children of the poorest families attend school without any cost, including school lunches. c. Farmers are encouraged to sell their land in an effort to create large farms that can be managed more efficiently. d. Banks are provided with tax incentives to help people purchase a home.

c. Complimentary; one produces chemical energy in the form of glucose while the other releases energy from glucose

Which one of the following best represents the relationship between cell respiration and photosynthesis? Select one: a. Neutral; they operate in different organisms or at different times in the same organism. b. Competing; both use the same limited resources. c. Complimentary; one produces chemical energy in the form of glucose while the other releases energy from glucose. d. Antagonistic; while one is operating, the other is inhibited.

c. Crops

Which one of the following ecosystem services has been enhanced most by humans? Select one: a. Pollination b. Capture fisheries c. Crops d. Wood fuel

a. C horizon

Which one of the following soil horizons is least likely to be interacting directly with living organisms? Select one: a. C horizon b. O horizon c. E horizon d. A horizon

d. Hydroelectric dams

Which one of the following sources of energy is both renewable and sustainable? Select one: a. A coal-fired electrical power plant b. Natural gas used to heat homes c. Gasoline used to run cars d. Hydroelectric dams

d. Environmental Revolution

Which revolution may have the greatest impact on the future quality of life for people on Earth? Select one: a. Industrial Revolution b. Medical Revolution c. Green Revolution d. Environmental Revolution

c. natural selection, while domesticated plants experience artificial selection

Wild plants often have greater resistance to parasites than domesticated plants because the wild plants experience Select one: a. artificial selection, while domesticated plants do not experience any selection. b. artificial selection, while domesticated plants experience natural selection. c. natural selection, while domesticated plants experience artificial selection. d. natural selection, while domesticated plants do not experience any selection.

a. increase preventive measures to slow new infections, especially change in sexual behavior

With billions of dollars already spent to fight AIDS and the need for much more money, which of the following represents the best strategy to fight AIDS in the world? Select one: a. increase preventive measures to slow new infections, especially changes in sexual behavior b. produce generic versions of drugs known to be affective against HIV c. create, manufacture, and distribute as widely as possible a new AIDS vaccine d. adopt policies to quarantine large populations of HIV infected people to prevent further spread of HIV

b. Population growth decreases

n logistic growth (an S-shaped curve), how does population growth change as the population nears its carrying capacity? Select one: a. Population growth increases. b. Population growth decreases. c. Population growth remains steady. d. Population growth typically crashes when a population nears its carrying capacity.

b. a lower birth rate, a lower death rate, and undergone industrialization

A country that has undergone a full demographic transition has Select one: a. a higher birth rate and a lower death rate, and is about to undergo industrialization. b. a lower birth rate, a lower death rate, and undergone industrialization. c. a higher birth rate and a lower death rate. d. a lower birth rate and a higher death rate.

d. uses species that require no water other than natural precipitation

A lawn based on the principle of xeriscaping Select one: a. gets its water from redirected urban runoff. b. uses at least twice as much water as necessary. c. includes agricultural crop species. d. uses species that require no water other than natural precipitation.

d. control rods that absorb extra neutrons

A self-amplifying reaction and a nuclear explosion in a nuclear power plant are prevented in large part by Select one: a. fuel rods that absorb tremendous amounts of heat. b. the regular addition of uranium-239 to the fuel. c. the production of plutonium-239. d. control rods that absorb extra neutrons.

b. enhanced recovery of oil is more expensive than secondary recovery

Because of the challenges associated with removing oil from the ground, Select one: a. the first oil removed from a well is the most expensive to extract. b. enhanced recovery of oil is more expensive than secondary recovery. c. only about 60% of the oil in a well can be removed by just pumping. d. primary recovery of oil is more expensive than secondary recovery.

b. communicable diseases

Compared to a person in a developed country, a person in a developing country is about eight times more likely to die from Select one: a. cancer. b. communicable diseases. c. injuries. d. cardiovascular disease.

a. transfers wealth from polluters to pollution controllers and to less polluting companies

Environmental public policy Select one: a. transfers wealth from polluters to pollution controllers and to less polluting companies. b. has significantly increased unemployment in the United States. c. diminishes the wealth of a nation. d. is bad for the economy.

b. will likely increase, making less corn available to people and livestock as food

Ethanol production in the United States Select one: a. has not contributed to rises in corn prices. b. will likely increase, making less corn available to people and livestock as food. c. accounts for only 5% of the U.S. crop. d. is likely to decline soon as the price for corn as food increases.

a. the salespeople who operated the machine to sell shoes

From the 1930s to the 1950s, an X-ray machine called a shoe-fitting fluoroscope was common in shoe stores. People would try on shoes, stand with their feet in the machine, and allow the salesperson to view live images of the bones of their feet in the shoes! Sometimes the salesperson would reach down and adjust the person's shoes for a better image. These machines used X-rays and exposed the feet of customers to 5-30 seconds of radiation. Further, lower doses of radiation exposure also occurred within about 10-15 inches of the outside of the machine. If you were looking for medical problems resulting from the use of these fluoroscopes in shoe stores, where would you expect the greatest harm? Select one: a. the salespeople who operated the machine to sell shoes b. salespeople who worked in nearby stores c. customers who had their feet exposed to the X-ray device d. the salesperson who worked behind the cash register in the store

b. sinkholes may form

If water is depleted from an aquifer faster than the recharge rate, Select one: a. surface water will stop percolating downward. b. sinkholes may form. c. the water table will rise. d. wetlands will flood.

a. concern about global climate change

In the United States and many countries in Europe, there is renewed interest in nuclear power plants because of Select one: a. concern about global climate change. b. a worldwide shortage of coal. c. the greatly reduced costs associated with generating electricity using nuclear power. d. the spotty availability of natural gas.

a. coal

In the United States, the greatest environmental destruction results from the harvesting of Select one: a. coal. b. timber. c. natural gas. d. oil.

a. development and use of new varieties of high-yielding wheat and rice

In the last 50 years, the greatest progress in addressing worldwide hunger and malnutrition came from the Select one: a. development and use of new varieties of high-yielding wheat and rice. b. widespread use of sustainable irrigation methods. c. use of better transportation methods to export grain more efficiently. d. reduced reliance on pesticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers.

c. produce biofuels from grasses and timber wastes instead of corn

In the near future, the benefits of biofuel production may be enjoyed while reducing the impact on the global production of grain. One such promising approach is to Select one: a. find ways to convert oil and natural gas into ethanol. b. use the large amounts of animal wastes to produce ethanol. c. produce biofuels from grasses and timber wastes instead of corn. d. bioengineer cattle and goats to produce ethanol in their milk.

d. grade into other ecosystems in regions called ecotones

Most ecosystems Select one: a. are clustered with other ecosystems to form communities. b. consist of two or more distinct landscapes. c. are sharply divided from other ecosystems. d. grade into other ecosystems in regions called ecotones.

c. chronic exposure to many pollutants

Most of the public health impacts from air pollution are the result of Select one: a. chronic exposure to a single pollutant. b. acute exposure to many pollutants. c. chronic exposure to many pollutants. d. acute exposure to a single pollutant.

c. are more toxic

Nonpersistent pesticides can be more dangerous than persistent pesticides because they usually Select one: a. are broken down into nontoxic products within a few weeks of application. b. are radioactive. c. are more toxic. d. last longer in the environment.

d. water and oxygen from the plant and take in carbon dioxide

On a hot day with bright sunlight and plenty of water in the soil, a plant actively engaged in photosynthesis will use its stomata to move Select one: a. water and carbon dioxide from the plant and take in oxygen. b. oxygen and carbon dioxide from the plant and take in water. c. water from the plant and take in carbon dioxide and oxygen. d. water and oxygen from the plant and take in carbon dioxide

d. populations are already low and at high risk by the time they are listed

Only about 10 species have recovered significantly enough to be removed from the Endangered Species List. Recovery to this extent is limited because Select one: a. hunting of protected species often continues even after the organisms are listed. b. protecting the habitat of an endangered species is not as critical as once assumed. c. the regulations protecting the species do not extend to private landowners. d. populations are already low and at high risk by the time they are listed.

c. towards sustainability

Our increasing human population requires that future management of natural systems be Select one: a. focused on maximizing the harvest of natural resources. b. evaluated in terms of the gross national product. c. towards sustainability. d. focused on agricultural productivity.

d. reflects top-down and bottom-up regulation

Over the last 100 years, the number of elk in Yellowstone has varied in part because of the limited availability of winter food sources and many types of predators, including wolves (eliminated in 1926 and reintroduced in 1995), grizzly bears, coyotes, black bears, and golden eagles. The population of elk in Yellowstone Select one: a. would be better off if all predators were eliminated from the park. b. would have been more stable if there had only been one predator species. c. has survived because of the elimination of a keystone species. d. reflects top-down and bottom-up population regulation

a. decrease wind erosion and increase soil moisture

Planting rows of trees or shrubs around the periphery of a plowed field are long established farming practices that Select one: a. decrease wind erosion and increase soil moisture. b. attract insect pests away from the crops. c. increase wind erosion and decrease soil moisture. d. serve as water reserves in times of drought.

a. land trusts

Private conservation efforts to protect against the private development of land have relied upon the formation of Select one: a. land trusts. b. city parks. c. new national parks. d. federal wilderness areas.

c. mortality, migration, and fertility

Projections for future population growth in a country include assumptions about Select one: a. mortality and fertility. b. migration and mortality. c. mortality, migration, and fertility. d. fertility and migration.

c. lung cancer

Radon is an odorless radioactive gas that you cannot taste or see. Exposure to this naturally occurring gas can be dangerously high in any home in North America. Homes must be specially tested for exposure levels for residents to understand their risks. If risks are high, venting systems can be installed to significantly lower indoor levels of exposure. The most likely health problem associated with long-term exposure to this radioactive gas is Select one: a. obesity leading to diabetes. b. elevated blood pressure. c. lung cancer. d. a stroke or heart attack.

b. C horizon

Severe wildfires followed by heavy rains have significantly eroded the soil of a formerly forested region. Which one of the following horizons is most likely intact with little disturbance? Select one: a. O horizon b. C horizon c. A horizon d. E horizon

b. protecting unique ecosystems and permitting public access

The National Park Service struggles to maintain a balance between Select one: a. hunting and the development of resorts in national parks. b. protecting unique ecosystems and permitting public access. c. mining and logging in national parks and protection of the unique ecosystems. d. hunting in national parks and ecotourism

b. habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, population growth, and over exploitation

The acronym HIPPO identifies the five major factors contributing to extinction today. These are Select one: a. humans, invasive species, periodic climate changes, pollution, and overexploitation. b. habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, population growth, and overexploitation. c. hunting, immigration, people, population, and outsourcing. d. housing, immigration, people, pollution, and overproduction.

a. environmental footprint

The amount of land and ocean needed to provide the resources for one person and absorb his/her wastes defines the Select one: a. environmental footprint. b. resource capacity. c. carbon footprint. d. demographic impression.

a. the needs of future generations

The concept of sustainable development includes Select one: a. the needs of future generations. b. the importance of developing the arts. c. the fastest ways to economic prosperity. d. growth in profits from international trade.

b. where to locate the refugees from climate change events

The current situations in the Maldives, Tuvalu, and parts of coastal Alaska have raised the need to address Select one: a. how to generate lawsuits to blame those responsible for climate change. b. where to locate the refugees from climate change events. c. making models to predict the results of climate change. d. how to make fossil fuel electrical generating plants more efficient.

d. tuberculosis

The greatest risk of death from an infectious disease for people living in northern Eurasia and Africa is most likely Select one: a. tetanus. b. measles. c. hepatitis. d. tuberculosis

a. after they have had a chance to reproduce

The harvest of organisms is more likely to be sustainable if organisms are captured Select one: a. after they have had a chance to reproduce. b. while they are still in the egg or seed stages. c. before they have had a chance to reproduce. d. during the first year of their life.

d. broad bipartisan effort but has fractured into a contentious partisan debate with intense lobbying

The modern U.S. environmental movement began as a Select one: a. partisan effort that remains partisan and highly contested today. b. partisan effort but now has broad bipartisan support. c. broad bipartisan effort that remains in effect today. d. broad bipartisan effort but has fractured into a contentious partisan debate with intense lobbying.

d. lithosphere and hydrosphere

The muddy Mississippi River, transporting soils that have eroded from farm fields, represents a mixing of the Select one: a. biosphere and atmosphere. b. hydrosphere and biosphere. c. atmosphere and lithosphere. d. lithosphere and hydrosphere

d. intrinsic values

The philosophy of the Endangered Species Act primarily reflects Select one: a. instrumental values. b. economic interests. c. anthropocentric values. d. intrinsic values.

d. reductions in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide pollution

The recovery of acidic lakes in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada is largely the result of Select one: a. the widespread addition of limestone to the lakes in these regions. b. the buffering effects of the granite rock in these regions. c. the elimination of lead from gasoline sold in North America. d. reductions in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide pollution.

b. resource partitioning

The separate feeding locations of these five warbler species on different portions of the same tree illustrates Select one: a. competitive exclusion. b. resource partitioning. c. biotic transformation. d. top-down population regulation.

a. large scale meltdown, release and fallout of radioactive particles over thousands of square miles

The worst-case scenario of a disaster at a nuclear power plants is the Select one: a. large scale meltdown, release and fallout of radioactive particles over thousands of square miles. b. destruction of the costly nuclear fuel used in the plant leading to a thermonuclear explosion c. injury or death of the people working within the power plant. d. destruction of the entire nuclear power plant and loss of electrical generating capacity.

d. use of mosquito nets and DDT

Today the best approach to fighting malaria in developing countries primarily relies on the Select one: a. widespread application of DDT. b. use of mosquito nets but not DDT. c. antimalarial drugs. d. use of mosquito nets and DDT.

c. common ailments such as diarrhea

Unlike developed countries, children in developing countries often die from Select one: a. snakebite or large predators such as crocodiles and tigers. b. accidents involving farm equipment and other agricultural activities. c. common ailments such as diarrhea. d. hunting accidents.

c. evaporation and condensation

Water is naturally purified by Select one: a. precipitation and infiltration. b. transpiration and evaporation. c. evaporation and condensation. d. condensation and transpiration.

c. Decomposers

________ play a crucial role in returning nutrients essential for plant growth to the soil. Select one: a. Parasites b. Herbivores c. Decomposers d. Producers

b. collecting your kitchen garbage in small plastic bags and disposing of it in a large city landfill

udying environmental biology has got you thinking about what you do with your kitchen wastes, the discarded egg shells, orange and banana peels, coffee grounds, etc. Living at the edge of town, you have several options. Which of the following would be the least efficient (or slowest) way to allow natural decay of your kitchen wastes? Select one: a. collecting your kitchen garbage in paper bags and disposing of it in a large city landfill b. collecting your kitchen garbage in small plastic bags and disposing of it in a large city landfill c. spreading your kitchen wastes on the top of a garden d. burying your kitchen wastes deep in your garden soil