enzymes

Enzyme

protein that is a biological catalyst

Enzymes are contained of what type of organic molecule?

proteins

Enzymes are _________ that speed up or __________ chemical reactions

proteins, catalyst

Dehydration synthesis happens in your cells when you need to build large molecules such as __________, ____, __________ _______, or _______ _________

proteins, fats, nucleic acid, or complex carbohydrates

Substrate

reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts

Each enzyme has a unique ________ that makes an _______ ________

shape, active site

Each active site can only fit a specific _________

substrate

dehydration condensation

two molecules are covalently bonded with the loss of a water molecule

What is the optimal pH range of the stomach enzyme pepsin?

2

What is the optimal temperature of this enzyme?

37 degrees celsius

what is the optimal pH

7

denature

A change in the shape of a protein (such as an enzyme) that can be caused by changes in temperature or pH (among other things) which stop it from functioning.

hydrolysis

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Enzymes in the stomach work best at _________ pH

Acidic

Use the slide to adjust the temperature to the high setting. What happened to your enzyme?

It denatures

What does a lower substrate concentration mean?

Less substrate is available for the enzyme to act on

What does a high substrate concentrate mean?

More substrate is available for the enzyme to act on

Temperature damage can denature an enzyme permanently. Does extreme pH changes permanently denature an enzyme? Explain

Sometimes if the pH scale returns back optimal range

What three factors affect an enzyme's capability to catalyze chemical reactions?

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration

Reactant

The chemicals that enter the reaction

Use the slider to adjust the temperature to a medium setting. Describe the rate of enzyme activity.

The enzyme gets more substrates and breaks them into products faster

Concentration of substrate

The factor that can affect enzyme reactions without denaturing the enzyme

Amino acids

The monomers of enzymes

Use the slider to adjust the temperature to a low (not the lowest) setting. What do you notice about the rate of reaction when the temperature is low?

The rate of the reaction is slow

Product

The substance released from the reaction between substrate and enzyme (what the substrate becomes after the reaction)

Which factors can cause an enzyme to denature?

The temature the enzyme is in and the acidic level the enzyme is in

We say that enzymes are specific. What does this mean?

They are all unique based on their shape to form the active site

Temperature & pH

Two factors that can denature proteins

dehydration synthesis

a reaction that involves building large molecules by joining together building blocks called Monomers

What is the name of the part of the enzyme where the substrate binds and causes a chemical reaction to occur?

active site

Why is there more enzyme activity at a higher substrate concentration than a lower substrate concentration?

because there are more substrate to break

metabolic reaction

chemical process that occurs in living organisms in order to maintain life

When a substrate(s) enters the active site, the enzyme helps a specific _________ __________ to occur. The end result of a chemical reaction is the _________ or __________

chemical reaction, product, products

Enzymes are important because all living things must do many ____________ _____________ in order to survive.

chemical reactions

Substrate ________ refers to the relative amount of substrate in a solution

concentration

Activation energy

energy needed for a reaction to occur

Catalyst

general term for a substance that causes a reaction rate to increase

Without the presence of enzymes, the reactions necessary to sustain life would require ___________________ in order to occur

high temperatures

In biology, the two most important types of reactions are ______________ and _________________ ___________________

hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis

Hydrolysis

is a type of chemical reaction that involves the breakdown of polymers into monomers

The chemical reactions done by living organisms are known as ______________

metabolism

The ___ scale is used to tell how acidic or basic a solution is

pH

When a piece of liver is dropped into hydrogen peroxide, the peroxide bubbles vigorously as a result of what reaction?

peroxide being broken into oxygen and water

Active Site

place where substances come to react

optimum condition

the best condition for enzyme to function

affecting factors

the fators affecting enzymes catalytic activity. temperature ,PH , concentration of substrate are three most paramount factors.

Lock and Key Model

the way substrates and enzymes fit together

What is your hypothesis that you typed about substrate concentration and enzyme activity?

their is going to be a higher concentration when the enzyme is at its optimal temperature.