Equipment Worksheet 1 & 2

Which of the following events occurs in the first stage(prep) of a normal radiographic exposure? 1. filament is heated 2. rotation of the anode 3. production of x rays

1 & 2 only

Which of the following practices will extend the life of the x-ray tube? 1. Use low mA and longer exposure time. 2. Warm up the tube as appropriate. 3. Hold down the rotor button for a long time, to keep the tube warmed up.

1 & 2 only

Autotransformers: 1. require AC for operation 2. Operate on mutual induction 3. Select Voltage sent to transformer

1 & 3 only

Filtration of the x-ray beam results in 1. increased beam quality 2. increased energy 3. fewer low energy photons

1 & 3 only

The filament is supplied with approximately ______volts by the filament circuit. a. 10 b. 100 c. 1000 d. 10,000

a. 10

The maximum speed the rotating anode will typically achieve is _____ rpm. a. 10,000 b. 3200 c. 5000 d. 20,000

a. 10,000

___________ imaging is accomplished with fluoroscopy as opposed to radiography. a. Dynamic b. Static c. Still d. Colorized

a. Dynamic

Which of the following is not classified as inherent filtration? a. The oil in the transformer b. The oil surrounding the tube c. The collimator mirror d. The tube envelope

a. The oil in the transformer

What is the area actually struck by the electrons? a. actual focal spot b. effective focal spot c. rotating focal spot d. heating track

a. actual focal spot

To aid the radiologist during fluoroscopy most modern units will automatically change radiation levels for thicker or thinner body parts. This control is termed: a. automatic brightness control b. automatic adaptation time c. automatic tomography d. automatic exposure control

a. automatic brightness control

Which device regulates the voltage applied to the filament circuit? a. autotransformer b. step up transformer c. step down transformer d. rectification system

a. autotransformer

A diode allows electrons to flow from _____. a. cathode to anode b. anode to anode c. cathode to cathode d. anode to cathode

a. cathode to anode

A step-down transformer is located in the _____ circuit. a. filament b. timing c. rectifier d. tube

a. filament

What is the best method for describing xray quality? a. half value layer b. exposure linearity c. exposure reproducibility d. mAs

a. half value layer

When the patient thickness increases, attenuation ________. a. increases b. decreases

a. increases

X-ray photon energy is measured in: a. keV. b. mA. c. angstroms. d. kVp.

a. keV.

What is located between the high voltage transformer and the x ray tube? a. rectifier b. high voltage transformer c. rheostat d. timer

a. rectifier

The actual flow of electrons from cathode to anode within the x-ray tube is known as: a. tube current. b. filament current. c. anode current. d. A and C.

a. tube current.

What is the most common cause of tube failure? a. tungsten vaporization b. loose bearings c. pitted anode d. cracked anode

a. tungsten vaporization

All radiations of the electromagnetic spectrum travel at the same velocity , but differ in : a. wavelength b. amplitude c. attenuation d. spectrum

a. wavelength

With a standard x-ray tube, ______________% of the x-ray beam produced with 65 kVp is the result of bremsstrahlung interactions. a. 85 b. 100 c. 15 d. 0

b. 100

How many pulses per cycle are produced by a single phase full wave rectified circuit? a. 1 b. 2 c. 6 d. 12

b. 2

Diagnostic x-ray exposures range from: a. 60 to 225 kVp. b. 30 to 150 kVp. c. 15 to 40 kVp. d. 20 to 65 kVp.

b. 30 to 150 kVp.

If the exposure rate is 100 mR at 40 inch SID, what is the exposure rate at 60 inches? a. 38 mR b. 44 mR c. 225 mR d. 300 mR

b. 44 mR

Exposure reproducibility should not vary more than : a. 1 % b. 5% c. 10% d. 15%

b. 5%

The target angle of rotating targets typically ranges from: a. 1° to 5°. b. 5° to 20°. c. 50° to 70°. d. 30° to 50°.

b. 5° to 20°.

Which of the following most accurately shows the energy sequence during image-intensified fluoroscopy? a. Electrons to light to electrons b. X-rays to light to electrons to light c. X-rays to electrons to light d. Light to x-rays to electrons to light

b. X-rays to light to electrons to light

Added tube filtration is typically made of: a. lead. b. aluminum. c. glass. d. tungsten.

b. aluminum.

The first component to receive power in the x-ray circuit is the _____. a. rectifier b. autotransformer c. high voltage transformer d. mA meter

b. autotransformer

The _____ is the portion of the x-ray tube that contains the filament. a. rotating disk b. cathode c. rotor d. anode

b. cathode

High frequency power: a. is less effective than single phase b. has almost no ripple c. has more ripple than three phase power d. is never used

b. has almost no ripple

What is the primary requirement for production of x rays? a. high speed photons from a tungsten filament b. high speed electrons striking a target c. electrons moving at a high speed along a wire d. massive resistance in the vacuum tube

b. high speed electrons striking a target

The _____________is composed of cesium iodide. a. target b. input phosphor c. output phosphor d. anode

b. input phosphor

A step up transformer provides: a. ma b. kVp c. volts d. direct current

b. kVp

The current flowing through the tube is measured as which of the following? a. kVp b. mA c. mAs d. voltage

b. mA

The quantity of bremsstrahlung radiation increases proportionately with increased _____. a. kVp b. mAs c. rotor speed d. filtration

b. mAs

Thermionic emission at the filament determines the _____ across the x-ray tube during an exposure. a. magnetism b. milliamperage c. resistance d. kilovoltage

b. milliamperage

During an exposure, what electrical charge is placed on the anode? a. negative b. positive c. covalent d. neutral

b. positive

The changing of alternating current to direct current is known as: a. transformation b. rectification c. conversion d. electrification

b. rectification

When the filament is heated a __________is created. a. filament cloud b. space charge c. electron charge d. potential difference

b. space charge

Wiring configurations called delta and wye are used in which type of transformers? a. single phase b. three phase c. high frequency

b. three phase

The waveform below would require a heat unit calculation formula that is mAs x time x ______________. a. 1 b. 1.35 c. 1.41 d. 1.45

c. 1.41

If a particular x ray transformer has a turns ratio of 500 :1 and is supplied with 220 V, what is the kVp output? a. 100 b. 120 c. 110 d. 50

c. 110

Using a multifield image intensifier tube, which of the following input phosphor diameters will require the highest patient dose? a. 17 cm b. 25 cm c. 12 cm d. 35 cm

c. 12 cm

Filament current is approximately: a. 0.5 to 2 mA b. 3 to 5 mA c. 3 to 5 A d. 0.5 to 2 A

c. 3 to 5 A

The area where kilovoltage is produced: a. 1 b. 7 c. 4 d. 6

c. 4

What is the frequency of the incoming line in the US? a. 20 Hz b. 120 Hz c. 60 Hz d. 220 Hz

c. 60 Hz

The filament transformer is represented by : a. 1 b. 4 c. 7 d. 5

c. 7

The diagram below represents an interaction named: a. Compton b. Photoelectric c. Brems d. Characteristic

c. Brems

Which of the following could be defined as the production of an x-ray photon by a collision between the incident electron and a K-shell electron of the tungsten atom? a. Pair production interaction b. Bremsstrahlung interaction c. Characteristic interaction d. Photoelectric interaction

c. Characteristic interaction

The interaction responsible for personnel dose: a. Brems b. Characteristic c. Compton d. photoelectric

c. Compton

Setting identical exposure factors, which type of x-ray unit will produce the greatest heat? a. Three phase b. Double phase c. High frequency d. Single phase

c. High frequency

When making an exposure, which of the following does not occur when just the rotor, or prep button, is activated? a. A space charge is created. b. Current is applied to the filament. c. Voltage is applied across the tube. d. The anode begins to rotate.

c. Voltage is applied across the tube.

What unit is used to measure current to heat the filament? a. volts b. kv c. amperage d. milliamperage

c. amperage

The height of a sine wave is called: a. wavelength b. altitude c. amplitude d. frequency

c. amplitude

The speed the electrons inside the x-ray tube travel is: a. dependent on the mAs set. b. the speed of light. c. approximately one half the speed of light. d. dependent on the exposure time set.

c. approximately one half the speed of light.

Which device works on the principle of self induction? a. filament transformer b. step up transformer c. autotransformer d. rheostat

c. autotransformer

Electron interactions at the inner-shell of the target atoms produce _____ radiation. a. gamma b. Bremsstrahlung c. characteristic d. all of the above kinds of

c. characteristic

Releasing the pressure applied to the ________________ will terminate the radiation exposure during fluoroscopy. a. radiographic mode b. input phosphor c. deadman switch d. photocathode

c. deadman switch

The most accurate timer is the : a. mechanical b. synchronous c. electronic d. phototimer

c. electronic

Ionizing radiation is capable of removing _____ from atoms as it passes through the matter. a. neutrons b. protons c. electrons d. ions

c. electrons

A dual focus tube has two _____. a. anodes b. rotors c. filaments d. stators

c. filaments

The unit of frequency is ________. a. ma b. Kvp c. hertz d. velocity

c. hertz

The most common device used in creation of high potential differences across the x - ray tube is the: a. high voltage autotransformer b. saturable reactor transformer c. high voltage transformer d. variable resistor

c. high voltage transformer

The stator and rotor are components of a ____________motor. a. synchronous b. electrical c. induction d. magnetic

c. induction

Why is an x ray tube immersed in oil? a. reduce x ray production b. filtration c. insulation d. prevent sparking

c. insulation

The operating console contains circuit(s) that are _____. a. both high voltage and low voltage b. high voltage only c. low voltage only d. non-voltage

c. low voltage only

The __________________ is coated with light-emitting crystals to absorb electrons and emit light. a. accelerating anode b. photocathode c. output phosphor d. input phosphor

c. output phosphor

Which of the following is not located in the primary circuit? a. autotransformer b. timer c. rectifier d. primary of high voltage transformer

c. rectifier

The quality of the x-ray beam indicates: a. the quantity of radiation. b. the number of photons. c. the ability of the photons to penetrate. d. whether or not the photons were made well.

c. the ability of the photons to penetrate.

What effect will increasing the kVp have on the production of x rays? a. their number will increase b. their speed will increase c. their energy will increase d. their wavelength will increase

c. their energy will increase

Which of the following is NOT a property of x rays? a. cannot be focused b. travel in straight lines c. travel at speed of sound d. electrically neutral

c. travel at speed of sound

The target of an x ray tube is made of what metal? a. lead b. copper c. tungsten d. molybdenum

c. tungsten

What is the distance between two wave crests of an electromagnetic wave called? a. wave velocity b. wave amplitude c. wavelength d. frequency

c. wavelength

With a standard x-ray tube, ______________% of the x-ray beam produced with 65 kVp is the result of characteristic interactions. a. 100 b. 15 c. 85 d. 0

d. 0

According to NCRP No. 102, when using 40 inch SID, how far can the illuminated field extend beyond the dimensions of the cassette? a. 4 inches b. 0.4 inch c. 8 inches d. 0.8 inch

d. 0.8 inch

What is an acceptable level of leakage from the tube housing? a. 10 mR per hour, measured 1 foot away b. 1000 R per hour, measured at a distance of 4 meters c. 100 mR per hour, measured 6 feet away d. 100 mR per hour, measured at a distance of 1 meter

d. 100 mR per hour, measured at a distance of 1 meter

The intensity on the cathode side of an x- ray tube can be as high as ____% a. 45 b. 75 c. 100 d. 120-125

d. 120-125

How many solid-state rectifiers are located in a single phase full wave rectified circuit? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

d. 4

If a high voltage transformer has a turns ratio of 600:1 with a supplied voltage of 120 V, what is the kVp produced? a. 5 kVp b. 60 kVp c. 80 kvp d. 72 kvp

d. 72 kvp

The mA selector is : a. 3 b. 4 c. 7 d. 8

d. 8

What is the heat unit calculation for 300 mA , .4 sec and 80 kvp? (single phase) a. 12,960 b. 2,400 c. 13,000 d. 9,600

d. 9,600

When electrons strike the anode target, their kinetic energy is converted into ___% heat and ___% x-rays: a. 100; 0 b. 0; 100 c. 50; 50 d. 99; 1 e. 1; 99

d. 99; 1

The amount of filtration required to reduce the exposure of the beam to half of its original intensity is defined as: a. wedge filtration. b. TVL. c. mAs compensator. d. HVL.

d. HVL.

When an electron is accelerated from the cathode, and is influenced by the nucleus, loses energy it appears as a _________________. a. characteristic electron b. characteristic photon c. brems electron d. brems photon

d. brems photon

When a projectile electron collides with an inner shell tungsten electron, what will occur? a. photoelectric effect b. Brems radiation c. primary radiation d. characteristic radiation

d. characteristic radiation

Radio waves, light, and x-rays are all examples of _____ energy. a. electrical b. nuclear c. thermal d. electromagnetic

d. electromagnetic

The most accurate type of timer is the _____ timer. a. mAs b. synchronous c. mechanical d. electronic

d. electronic

The focusing cup: a. surrounds the anode. b. has a positive charge. c. focuses the x-ray beam. d. has a negative charge.

d. has a negative charge.

The unit of frequency is the : a. kvp b. wavelength c. angstrom d. hertz

d. hertz

Diagnostic x rays are generally associated with : a. low frequency and short wavelength b. low frequency and long wavelength c. high frequency and long wavelength d. high frequency and short wavelength

d. high frequency and short wavelength

The larger the anode angle, the: a. smaller the effective focal spot. b. larger the actual focal spot. c. smaller the actual focal spot. d. larger the effective focal spot.

d. larger the effective focal spot.

100 mR/hr at one meter relates to _________________. a. off focus radiation b. stem radiation c. primary radiation d. leakage radiation

d. leakage radiation

The ability of an x-ray unit to produce constant radiation output at a given mAs, using various combinations of mA and time is called a. reproducibility b. sensitometry c. Automatic exposure control d. linearity

d. linearity

The rotating anode is turned by a ________. a. thermal cushion b. rotating belt c. mechanical pully d. magnetic field

d. magnetic field

The autotransformer has _____ winding(s). a. four b. two c. three d. one

d. one

Which component of the image intensifer converts electrons to light? a. input phosphor b. photocathode c. target d. output phosphor

d. output phosphor

X rays travel in bundles of energy called: a. protons b. phasers c. particles d. photons

d. photons

The cathode side of the tube should be directed toward the _____ part of the patient. a. upper b. thinner c. lower d. thicker

d. thicker

Which of the following is NOT true? a. x rays travel in straight lines b. x rays are ionizing c. x rays cannot be focused d. x rays are electrically negative

d. x rays are electrically negative