Era 2

How did geographical features, including mountains and the sea, affect Greek city-states' development?

They developed separately

How did India's great rulers maintain peace and order?

They had strong central governments and encouraged economic growth

Why did the Mycenaeans come to power in the mainland and Crete?

They invaded and conquered the lands

Why were soldiers and merchants unsatisfied by the aristocratic government in Athens?

They thought that they should have more rights

How did the Phoenicians' culture spread across the ancient Middle East?

They traded with many peoples

How did Thucydides' experiences affect his writing?

Thucydides lived through the Peloponnesian Wars and wrote about the horror of war

How are Hindu beliefs related to the caste system in India?

To Hindus, all existence is ranked

How does the Socratic method of teaching work?

The teacher asks a series of questions, which causes students to question their own assumptions

How did King Solomon's death affect the Israelites?

Their kingdom split into two

Hammurapi's Code

eye-for-an-eye reciprocity of crime and punishment

According to the text, what are some of the values apparent in the Iliad and the Odyssey?

honor, courage, and eloquence

transhumant herders

lived closer to agricultural settlements and migrated seasonally to pasture their livestock

What made the Israelites unique as an ancient civilization?

They believed in only one God

territorial state

A centralized kingdom organized around a charismatic ruler

Which democratic concept reflects Judeo-Christian influence?

A person is innocent until proven guilty

chariot

A two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle used in warfare and later in processions and races

What were the major trade goods?

Amber, Ivory, gold, timber, copper, lapis lazuli, silver, tin, glass, metal vessels, textiles, weapons, pottery and its contents

Hittites

An ancient Anatolian group whose empire at largest extent consisted of most of the Middle East. Some of the first two-wheeled chariots and iron.

How did the Persian War affect the balance of power among the Greek city-states?

Athens dominated over other city-states

explain the relationship between climate change and human settlement.

Body of water (transportation routes, water for drinking and farming) Flat land (easy to build) Fertile soil (for crops) Forests (timber and housing)

How did Chandragupta's and Asoka's approaches to ruling differ?

Chandragupta relied on force while Asoka ruled by example

How was Aryan society structured?

People were divided into social groups based on occupation

Which characteristic of family and village life shaped Indian society?

Each person in society had specific duties based on their caste

How was early Greek sculpture different from later Greek sculpture?

Early Greek sculpture showed rigid human forms, while later Greek sculpture showed idealized natural forms

How did geography influence trade in the Tamil kingdoms?

Harbors on the Indian Ocean enabled the Tamil to engage in overseas trade

In what way did China's isolated geography contribute to its development as a country?

Isolation allowed China to develop on its own, without too much interference from foreign invasion

Why is Hammurabi's Code a great Babylonian achievement?

It established laws that created peace and stability

How did Hinduism originate?

It grew out of the overlapping beliefs of different groups in India

How does the Parthenon reflect balance and order in its architecture?

It is based on a rectangle and has tall columns leading to a gently sloping roof.

Why was the Silk Road an important part of Chinese history?

It promoted the exchange of Western and Chinese goods and ideas

Which BEST explains why Minoan civilization was able to develop its rich culture?

Its island location and trading activities allowed it to acquire ideas and technology from other civilizations

What aspect of Confucianism contributed to its long-lasting influence?

Its philosophy of ensuring social order and good government.

What is one of the factors that helped Buddhism spread through China?

Mahayana Buddhism offered an escape from suffering and the promise of achieving salvation

Which occurrence led to the spread of Buddhism beyond India?

Missionaries and traders spread Buddhism to other parts of Asia

According to the Torah, which leader unified the tribes of Israel into a single nation?

Moses

Which of these is a Persian influence on later civilizations?

Persia set up a bureaucratic government

What ere the major trade routes and the major trading states in Southwest Asia, North Africa, and the eastern Mediterranean during this time?

Mycenaean trade route and the Eastern Mediterranean

In both the Shang and Zhou societies, how were different regions governed?

Noble landowners governed their own regions

how did nomadic pastoral migrations affect settled, agriculture-based societies?

Pastoral nomads, who depend on domesticated livestock, migrate in an established territory to find pasturage for their animals. Thus creating an unbalance in the settled cultures.

In Hinduism, what is the role of reincarnation in achieving moksha?

Reincarnation allows one to work toward moksha through several lifetimes

How did geography affect where ancient peoples settled on the Indian subcontinent?

Settlements developed in river valleys that were fertile for farming.

What was one effect of the Silk Road on China?

The Silk Road promoted the exchange of goods and ideas throughout China

According to Greek legend, what sets off the Trojan War?

The Trojan Paris kidnaps Helen, wife of a Greek king

How were trials in Athens similar to trials in the United States today?

The accused was considered innocent until proven guilty

According to Israelite belief, what was God's covenant with Abraham?

The covenant makes the Israelites the chosen people, expressing the belief that God has a plan for the people of Israel

What generally happened when one empire in the ancient Middle East conquered another empire?

The cultures of the conquered and conquering nations blended together

Why did Daoist painters choose water to represent Daoist beliefs?

Water was a symbol of nature and the virtue of yielding

pastoral nomads

a clan of horse-riding population that was small and isolated in the Inner Eurasian steppes

Which of the following is one of the notable achievements of early China?

a complex system of writing

How do cattle link the Indus and Aryan civilizations, and modern India?

all three populations had a special regard for cattle

Oracle Bones

animal bones carved with written characters which were used for telling the future

Why was the Han period considered a Golden Age of Chinese civilization?

because of advances in science, medicine, technology, and the arts

How did Shi Huangdi impose allegiance to a central government?

by replacing feudal states with military districts run by loyal officials

What two forms of drama did the Ancient Greeks develop?

comedy and tragedy

Which of the following was NOT an achievement under the Guptas during the golden age in India? -medical advances, including vaccinating against diseases -advances in mathematics, including numerals and the decimal system -creation of a uniform system of writing used throughout India -collected folk tales and songs recorded in the Sanskrit language

creation of a uniform system of writing used throughout India

In spite of their differences, what did the Greek city-states share?

religious beliefs and heroic legends

Hyksos

rulers of foreign lands asserted control over the northern part of the country and transformed the Egyptian military

Microsociety

small-scale, fragmented, and dispersed communities that had limited interaction with others

What other cultures influenced Minoan civilization?

the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations

What do archaeologists identify as one possible reason for the decline of the Indus civilization?

the Indus experiencing a devastating drought

What is one of the values revealed through the Indian epics?

the importance of duty over personal desires

What aspect of Hittite culture gradually spread across the region?

their technology for extracting iron

What is the final goal of Buddhists?

to reach nirvana through virtuous living and meditation

Amorites

western city dwellers who invaded Mesopotamian cities

Did trade enhance peaceful interactions among the territorial states?

yes