ES 100 Chapter 5

41. Freshwater ecosystems A. Lack oxygen B. Lack carbon dioxide C. Include lakes, marshes, bogs, and fens D. Do not contain thermoclines E. Are not affected by nutrient availability

C. Include lakes, marshes, bogs, and fens

3. In the graph of precipitation and temperature, desert biomes would fall in the area marked by the letter: A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

A. A

37. If an organism is described as 'benthic," where does it reside? A. At the bottom of the ocean or a lake B. In a cave C. At the bottom of a lake only D. At the bottom of the ocean only

A. At the bottom of the ocean or a lake

22. Having needle-shaped leaves benefits plants because needles A. Reduce water loss and endure cold winters B. Are more efficient at photosynthesis because they are dark green C. Help evaporate water more efficiently D. Do not rot in the excessive rainfall that characterizes coniferous forests E. Are less resistant to strong winds

A. Reduce water loss and endure cold winters

19. Morpheus, Trinity, and Neo are on the wet western coast of North America and as they look around, they see lots of mosses, lichens, and ferns covering the tree branches. Condensation from fog on the leaves is a major form of precipitation. Where are they? A. Temperate rainforest B. Boreal forest C. Tropical rainforest D. Southern pine forest E. Tropical savannah

A. Temperate rainforest

40. Barrier islands are formed of A. Wind- and wave-deposited sand B. Volcanic debris C. Silt and mud left by estuaries D. Coral deposits E. Coral reef formations

A. Wind- and wave-deposited sand

38. Coral bleaching occurs when ___________. A. ocean temperatures are too warm. B. during low tide when coral is exposed to the air. C. when too much sunlight is shining on the coral. D. when ocean temperatures are too cool.

A. ocean temperatures are too warm.

1. A biome is described by: A. A specified bioregion B. Broadly similar environmental conditions C. A watershed divide, generally D. Geographic location E. Large landforms in the area

B. Broadly similar environmental conditions

49. The difference between a wetland and a swamp is that ________. A. Wetlands only occur at coastal areas. B. Wetlands are covered in water according to the tide. C. A swamp has trees and a wetland does not. D. Swamps are always covered in water and wetlands have seasonally high water levels.

C. A swamp has trees and a wetland does not.

14. Tropical seasonal forests are specially adapted to tolerate A. Annual cycles of extreme heat and extreme cold B. Years of drought followed by years of rain C. Annual cycles of severe drought and heavy rain D. Extreme drought and cold at the same time E. Extreme heat

C. Annual cycles of severe drought and heavy rain

25. In what continent would you find a polar desert? A. Australia B. South America C. Antarctica D. Africa

C. Antarctica

48. Which type of wetland is noted for producing peat? A. Swamps B. Marshes C. Bogs and fens D. Estuaries E. Coastal areas

C. Bogs and fens

5. Neo and Trinity are in a biome that has relatively stable temperatures and abundant rainfall. They have a graph of precipitation and temperature similar to the one shown. Which letter marks the biome they are located in? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

C. C

20. Deciduous forests A. Are adapted to extremely cold climates B. Have trees that bear seeds in cones C. Have trees that shed their leaves seasonally D. Are not useful commercially

C. Have trees that shed their leaves seasonally

12. Deserts are characterized by A. An absence of vegetation B. Sand dunes, which cause plants to grow only with difficulty C. Low levels of measurable precipitation D. Their location at 30 latitude E. Sand or gravel

C. Low levels of measurable precipitation

2. Location of specific biomes can be predicted based on: A. The coriolis effect B. The second law of thermodynamics C. Precipitation and temperature D. Seasonal variations in sunspots E. Large landforms in the area

C. Precipitation and temperature

50. The biome type that has lost the greatest percentage of its original area due to human activities is the A. Temperate conifer forest B. Tropical rainforest C. Temperate deciduous forest D. Temperate grassland E. Tropical grassland

C. Temperate deciduous forest

45. The thermocline is the layer in a lake at which A. Pollutants are trapped and held B. Seasonal lake mixing occurs C. The warm upper zone meets the cold lower zone D. Nutrient levels are the lowest E. Light no longer penetrates enough for photosynthesis to occur

C. The warm upper zone meets the cold lower zone

31. Coral reefs form in A. Deep, warm tropical seas B. Cold polar seas C. Warm, clear tropical seas D. Deep, cold oceans off continental shelves E. Nutrient-rich coastal areas

C. Warm, clear tropical seas

26. Vertical zonation shows that not only do different biomes occur at different latitudes, but also at different ______________. A. longitudes B. seasons C. altitudes D. right ascensions and declinations

C. altitudes

16. You are in an area that is relatively hot. You bend down and notice that there are tracks in the soil that are very old. Since you know that this area is easily destroyed by human activity and the harsh climate slows recovery from human damage, you conclude that this biome is A. A tropical dry forest B. A desert C. Tundra D. A grassland E. A wetland

B. A desert

47. Wetlands are biomes that A. Are wet all year round B. Are wet at least some of the year C. Have fresh, not salty, water D. Receive more rainfall than other ecosystems E. Have salty, not fresh, water

B. Are wet at least some of the year

4. In the graph of precipitation and temperature, temperate forest biomes would fall in the area marked by the letter: A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

B. B

36. Which of the following protects mainland shores from the force of waves? A. Wetlands B. Barrier islands C. Coral islands D. Estuaries E. Volcanic islands

B. Barrier islands

23. Trinity and Neo are in an area that has many lakes and bogs. The majority of the trees are coniferous. As they look around, they also see deciduous trees, including birches, aspens, and maples. What type of forest are they in? A. Temperate rainforest B. Boreal forest C. Tropical rainforest D. Southern pine forest E. Coastal forest

B. Boreal forest

33. Why are the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Antarctic waters the most productive? A. Phytoplankton grow there because they do not like direct sunlight. B. Cold water holds the most dissolved oxygen and can therefore support greater numbers of phytoplankton. C. Those waters are the most violently mixed, bringing up nutrients from the depths of the ocean. D. The melt waters of the nearby ice have nutrients that are released in high quantities, fertilizing the phytoplankton.

B. Cold water holds the most dissolved oxygen and can therefore support greater numbers of phytoplankton.

18. The word "conifer" distinguishes plants that are A. Needle-bearing B. Cone-bearing C. Evergreen D. Cone-shaped E. Found in northern latitudes

B. Cone-bearing

8. Cloud forests are found in the ________ areas in tropical regions. A. Hot coastal B. Cool mountainous C. Cool plains D. Low elevation E. Valley

B. Cool mountainous

39. What marine ecosystem is most similar to a tropical rainforest in terms of diversity? A. Pelagic zone B. Coral reef C. Estuary D. Littoral zone

B. Coral reef

7. In the graph of precipitation and temperature, the area marked D has a A. Wide precipitation range and narrow temperature range B. Narrow precipitation and temperature range C. Wide precipitation and temperature range D. Wide temperature range and narrow precipitation range E. None of the choices is correct

B. Narrow precipitation and temperature range

46. Which of the following is NOT a region in a lake ecosystem? A. Hypolimnion zone B. Pelagic zone C. Epilimnion D. Littoral zone

B. Pelagic zone

34. _________ is the basis of marine food webs. A. Coral B. Phytoplankton C. Minnows D. Sea grass

B. Phytoplankton

15. In contrast with the ______________, the soil of the ______________ is more nutrient-rich and this type of biome has fewer insects, parasites, and fungal diseases. Therefore, in many places, these areas are highly endangered. A. Temperate grasslands; tropical seasonal forest B. Tropical rainforest; tropical seasonal forest C. Grasslands; boreal forests D. Tropical seasonal forest; tropical rainforest E. Boreal forests; tundra

B. Tropical rainforest; tropical seasonal forest

32. Mangrove trees are found along ________________ shorelines. A. Tropical freshwater B. Tropical saltwater C. Temperate freshwater D. Temperate saltwater E. Tropical and temperate saltwater

B. Tropical saltwater

44. What aquatic ecosystem phenomenon is illustrated in the diagram? A. Nutrient inputs from upstream and uphill B. Vertical stratification C. Nutrient cycling D. Internal convective currents E. Horizontal stratification

B. Vertical stratification

51. What percentage of all wetlands has been lost to human disturbance? A. 90% B. 75% C. 25% D. 50%

D. 50%

11. Which of the following is an example of a specialization that plants in the desert may have? A. Storing water in stems or roots B. Reducing water loss with thick epidermal layers C. Salt tolerance D. All of these are adaptations of plants living in desert conditions

D. All of these are adaptations of plants living in desert conditions

35. _____________ is where fresh water mixes with ocean water. A. A swamp B. A mangrove forest C. A delta D. An estuary

D. An estuary

30. The biome type that has a short growing season and is summer feeding and breeding grounds for caribou and musk-ox is the A. Temperate grassland B. Bog or fen C. Boreal forest D. Arctic tundra E. Arctic desert

D. Arctic tundra

13. Humid tropical forests have extraordinary biological diversity A. Because of the very fertile tropical soils B. Because rainfall dissolves soil nutrients and makes them available to plants C. Despite a complete absence of nutrients in the environment D. Despite the poor, weathered soils

D. Despite the poor, weathered soils

9. Neo finds himself sweating in a moist forest but there aren't many streams or wetlands. He is amazed by the tremendous amount of biodiversity including an abundance of biting mosquitoes. Has he inadvertently gotten closer to his goal of finding a boreal forest? A. Yes B. No, the description is that of a tropical seasonal forest C. No, the description is that of a temperate deciduous forest D. No, the description is that of a tropical rainforest E. No, the description is that of a temperate rainforest

D. No, the description is that of a tropical rainforest

24. Boreal forests are generally A. Cold and dry, with extensive barren areas B. Warm and humid, with large rivers C. Dry because water is frozen most of the year D. Slow-growing because of the cold temperatures E. Soggy in the summer because of permafrost

D. Slow-growing because of the cold temperatures

21. Many people in the United States take trips in the spring to see annual flowers that grow and flower before they are shaded by canopy. Where are these people going? A. Deserts after winter rain showers B. Prairies or grasslands C. Tropical rainforests D. Temperate deciduous forests E. Boreal forests

D. Temperate deciduous forests

10. A biome absent from Europe is the: A. Temperate deciduous forest B. Alpine tundra C. Desert D. Tropical rainforest E. Temperate rainforest

D. Tropical rainforest

29. Morpheus has been led into a wilderness environment and left to fend for himself for the summer. Luckily, he has a good coat because it looks like there may be a frost during the night and the mosquitoes are everywhere. As he looks around, he is relieved because he recognizes some of the plants. There are some mosses, lichens, small shrubs, sedges, and grasses. Which biome is he in? A. Tropical rainforest B. Wetland C. Temperate rainforest D. Tundra E. Coastal area

D. Tundra

6. In the graph of precipitation and temperature, the area marked A has a: A. Wide precipitation range and narrow temperature range B. Narrow precipitation and temperature range C. Wide precipitation and temperature range D. Wide temperature range and narrow precipitation range E. Varying temperature and narrow precipitation range

D. Wide temperature range and narrow precipitation range

42. What environmental factor does not change between "b" and "e" in the diagram? A. Light penetration B. Temperature C. Nutrient availability D. Oxygen content E. All of these change between "b" and "e."

E. All of these change between "b" and "e."

28. Tundra biomes occur A. At high latitudes, where temperatures are low B. Where rainfall is too great for tree growth C. Only at high latitudes D. Almost exclusively on Antarctica E. At high latitudes and altitudes, where the growing season is short

E. At high latitudes and altitudes, where the growing season is short

43. Oxygen levels are lowest in what section in the diagram? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

E. E

27. Tree growth in the taiga is limited by A. The increased soil salt content from ocean tides B. Intense heat and dryness C. Competition from fast-growing grasses D. The lack of large predators E. Extreme cold and short summers

E. Extreme cold and short summers

17. What is unique about the Mediterranean climate area biome? A. It is a highly desirable place to live B. It is only found in the Mediterranean area C. It has very poor soil but supports an extremely diverse array of species D. It has a large total area E. It contains a high number of unique species

E. It contains a high number of unique species

52. The deepest layers of the ocean are relatively devoid of life.

false

54. Estuaries are noted by biologists because they have few, but highly specialized biological niches.

false

53. The coral reef is among the most endangered biological communities.

true

55. Wetlands perform a major ecosystem service of trapping and filtering water as it passes through the wetland area.

true

56. Arctic deserts and tundras are the least disturbed by humans since they are usually unattractive places for humans to live.

true