Ethics Exam

5. Which of the following statements commits the ethical oversight known as normative myopia? A. "I skipped the red light because I was so involved in our debate." B. "The only reason they did not notice the pilferage happening is because it involved the theft of such small quantities of goods over a long period of time." C. "I hope Brad has learnt his lesson after getting drunk and crashing his car." D. "I strongly believe in the saying, 'finders keepers, losers weepers.'"

"I strongly believe in the saying, 'finders keepers, losers weepers.'"

7. The term "sweatshops" refers to workplaces where: A. employers constantly supervise and evaluate employees. B. employee interests are protected by rights from being subjected to utilitarian and financial calculations. C. employers treat employees well as a means to produce greater workplace harmony. D. employees lack even the most basic health and safety protections.

D. employees lack even the most basic health and safety protections.

. Social sciences such as psychology and sociology are different from ethics owing to the fact that they are _____. A. normative in nature B. descriptive in nature C. conjectural in nature D. clinical in nature

...B. descriptive in nature

8. Amanda and Jeremy argue about the employment of children in tobacco farms in a certain part of the world. Jeremy is of the view that this practice is ethical. He supports this view by stating facts about how the economic and social gains from employing children in these farms outweigh the long-term economic losses due to the health problems and lack of education suffered by these children. Jeremy is most likely an adherent of _____. A. virtue ethics B. deontological ethics C. utilitarianism D. classicism

C. utilitarianism

3. The form of business that limits the liability of individuals for the risks involved in business activities is known as _____. A. corporation B. partnership C. joint proprietorship D. sole proprietorship

A. corporation

9. The omission known as change blindness occurs when _____. A. decision makers fail to notice gradual changes over time B. a sudden change is overlooked by decision makers C. decision makers are adamant on maintaining status quo due to a fear of change D. a decision maker wants to bring about a change on a whim

A. decision makers fail to notice gradual changes over time

7. The aspect of business ethics that examines business institutions from a social rather than an individual perspective is referred to as: A. decision making for social responsibility. B. corporate cultural responsibility. C. organizational ethical responsibility. D. institutional morality.

A. decision making for social responsibility.

5. If the basis for finding an invasion of privacy is often an employee's legitimate and reasonable expectation of privacy, then a situation where there is no real expectation of privacy occurs when the: A. employee has actual notice. B. work involves handling huge amounts of money. C. work requires complete transparency from the employee. D. employee belongs to a minority group.

A. employee has actual notice.

6. When we do not get to know someone because we do not have to see that person in order to do our business, we often do not take into account the impact of our decisions on him or her. This is a challenge posed by the: A. facelessness that results from the use of new technology accessible in the workplace. B. knowledge gap that exists between people who understand the technology and others who do not understand it. C. lack of clear boundaries between people's personal and professional lives. D. assumption by users of technology that the Internet is safe.

A. facelessness that results from the use of new technology accessible in the workplace.

6. If we are told specifically to pay attention to a particular element of a decision or event, we are likely to miss all of the surrounding details, no matter how obvious. According to Bazerman and Chugh, this phenomenon is known as _____. A. inattentional blindness B. descriptive ignorance C. change blindness D. normative myopia

A. inattentional blindness

12. Telling organizations that their ethical responsibilities end with obedience to the law: A. is just inviting more legal regulation. B. is enough to maintain an ethical business environment. C. reduces the frequency of corporate scandals. D. eliminates ambiguity while making personal ethics-related decisions.

A. is just inviting more legal regulation.

2. A true statement about corporate culture is that _____. A. it provides stability that can be a benefit at one time and can be a barrier to success at another B. it is unlikely to play any role in determining or influencing the decision making within a firm C. it differs significantly across different countries in a global firm D. is generally easy to modify

A. it provides stability that can be a benefit at one time and can be a barrier to success at another

7. The utilitarian view holds that individual rights to privacy or right to control information about oneself may be outweighed in cases where: A. public safety is at risk. B. an employee has prior notice on possible privacy invasion. C. an employee has access to his or her employer's money. D. employee productivity is low.

A. public safety is at risk.

1. The three major categories of an ethical framework are: A. utility, virtue, and values. B. universal rights, values, and moral principles. C. universal rights, cultural norms, and morals. D. consequences, principles, and personal character.

A. utility, virtue, and values.

7. Which of the following cultures will empower legal counsel and audit offices to mandate and to monitor conformity with the law and with internal codes? A. A customer-based culture B. An integrity-based culture C. A values-based culture D. A compliance-based culture

D. A compliance-based culture

. Which of the following statements is true about an ethical leader in a corporate environment? A. An ethical leader agrees to conduct that would be inconsistent with her or his own personal values. B. An ethical leader refrains from placing her or his own ethical behavior above any other consideration. C. An ethical leader shirks her or his duties in the corporate structure. D. An ethical leader allocates corporate resources to support and promote ethical behavior.`

D. An ethical leader allocates corporate resources to support and promote ethical behavior.`

4. Which of the following is a traditional approach to corporate culture? A. Values-based B. Integrity-based C. Customer-based D. Compliance-based

D. Compliance-based

3. Which of the following statements is true about ethical cultures? A. Workplace ethical cultures have no impact on decision making. B. Subordinates are expected not to act unless directed by superior authorities. C. Decisions are expected to be taken based on laws and not on ethical values. D. Employees are expected to act in responsible ways, even when the law does not require it.

D. Employees are expected to act in responsible ways, even when the law does not require it.

10. "We ought to stop at a red light, even if no cars are coming and I could get to my destination that much sooner." Identify the ethical approach that follows this line of thought. A. Virtue ethics B. Utilitarianism C. Role ethics D. Ethics of principles

D. Ethics of principles

9. Identify a true statement about the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA) of 2008. A. It mandates all employees to disclose their genetic information to their employers. B. It does not include the family medical history of a person. C. It prevents employers from monitoring their employees. D. It prohibits discriminatory treatment in employment based on genetic information.

D. It prohibits discriminatory treatment in employment based on genetic information.

13. _____ is one element that distinguishes good people who make ethically responsible decisions from good people who do not. A. Normative myopia B. Inattentional blindness C. Change blindness D. Moral imagination

D. Moral imagination

13. The failure of personal ethics among companies like Enron and WorldCom led to the creation of the: A. Brooks Act. B. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. C. Clinger-Cohen Act. D. Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

D. Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

19. Which of the following explains the term "satisficing"? A. Striving to select only the best alternative B. Following simplified decision rules C. Selecting the alternative simply because it is the easy way out D. Selecting the alternative that meets minimum decision criteria

D. Selecting the alternative that meets minimum decision criteria

6. Which of the following models of corporate social responsibility (CSR) considers business as a citizen of the society that it operates in? A. Egoist model B. Economic model C. Altruistic model D. Stakeholder model

D. Stakeholder model

12. Which of the following versions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) suggests that the long-term financial well-being of every firm is directly tied to questions of how the firm both affects and is affected by the natural environment? A. Stakeholder B. Philanthropic C. Social entrepreneurship D. Sustainability

D. Sustainability

8. Which of the following acts stipulates that employers cannot use "protected health information" in making employment decisions without prior consent? A. The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act B. The Federal Information Security Management Act C. The Personal Information and Health Documents Act D. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

D. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

6. Identify the doctrine which holds that employers are free to fire an employee at any time and for any reason unless an agreement specifies otherwise. A. The doctrine of estoppel B. The doctrine of constructive notice C. The doctrine of constructive dismissal D. The doctrine of employment at will

D. The doctrine of employment at will

5. Which of the following statements is true about value-based cultures? A. They emphasize obedience to the rules as the primary responsibility of ethics. B. They are only as strong and as precise as the rules with which workers are expected to comply. C. They reflect the traditional approach of classifying corporate culture. D. These cultures are perceived to be more flexible and far-sighted corporate environments.

D. These cultures are perceived to be more flexible and far-sighted corporate environments.

18. Identify the cognitive barrier which might appear to relieve us of accountability for a decision? A. Looking for creative alternatives B. Considering unlimited alternatives C. Satisfying the maximum decision criteria D. Using a simplified decision rule

D. Using a simplified decision rule

10. Which of the following refers to an underlying belief that causes people to choose between plausible courses of action? A. Norms B. Paradigms C. Protocols D. Values

D. Values

16. Which of the following approaches shifts the focus from questions about what a person should do, to a focus on who that person is? A. Altruism B. Principle-based ethics C. Utilitarianism D. Virtue ethics

D. Virtue ethics

4. _____ is a tradition within philosophical ethics that seeks a full and detailed description of those character traits that would constitute a good and full human life. A. Kantian ethics B. Deontological ethics C. Role ethics D. Virtue ethics

D. Virtue ethics

5. The issue of workplace bullying is more predominant in the service sector because: A. it lacks the right of due process. B. that work relies significantly on interpersonal relationships and interaction. C. of its strong hierarchy of authority. D. most of the organizations in this sector are decentralized.

B. that work relies significantly on interpersonal relationships and interaction.

1. Some employers might decide to treat employees well as a means to produce greater workplace harmony and productivity. This approach is reminiscent of _____ ethics. A. deontological B. utilitarian C. normative D. Kantian

B. utilitarian

4. The study of various character traits that can contribute to, or obstruct, a happy and meaningful human life is part of _____. A. Kantian tradition B. virtue ethics C. principle-based ethics D. utilitarianism

B. virtue ethics

1. Identify a true statement about corporate cultures. A. Corporate cultures remain unaffected even in the presence of strong business leaders. B. Corporate cultures are static in nature. C. Corporate cultures influence, limit, and shape the decision making within a firm. D. Corporate cultures in a global firm differ significantly across different countries.

C. Corporate cultures influence, limit, and shape the decision making within a firm.

6. What is the difference between a principle-based framework of ethics and utilitarianism? A. Ethics of principles is based on self-interest, whereas utilitarianism is based on human rights. B. Ethics of principles is based on human rights, whereas utilitarianism is based on self-interest. C. Ethics of principles is based on rules, whereas utilitarianism is based on consequences. D. Ethics of principles is based on consequences, whereas utilitarianism is based on rules

C. Ethics of principles is based on rules, whereas utilitarianism is based on consequences.

12. When can we conclude that an activity has an "acceptable level of risk?" A. If it can be determined that the probability of harm involved in a specific work activity is manageable. B. If the probability of harm involved in a specific work activity is acceptable by insurance and workers' compensation laws. C. If it can be determined that the probability of harm involved in a specific work activity is equal to or less than the probability of harm of some more common activity. D. If the employers are willing to compensate the harm caused to workers for a specific activity.

C. If it can be determined that the probability of harm involved in a specific work activity is equal to or less than the probability of harm of some more common activity.

4. Identify a legal violation that occurs when someone intentionally interferes in the private affairs of another when the interference would be "highly offensive to a reasonable person." A. Battery B. Conflict of interest C. Intrusion into seclusion D. Defamation

C. Intrusion into seclusion

14. Which of the following elements is important not only to consider the obvious options with regard to a particular dilemma, but also the much more subtle ones that might not be evident at first glance? A. Intentional deliberation B. Descriptive imagination C. Moral imagination D. Normative imagination

C. Moral imagination

8. _____ establish the guidelines or standards for determining what one should do, how one should act, what type of person one should be. A. Roles B. Attitudes C. Norms D. Laws

C. Norms

6. Which of the following is emphasized by a compliance-based culture? A. Reliance on personal integrity of employees for decision making B. Use of values as the principle for decision making C. Obedience to rules as the primary responsibility of ethics D. Reinforcement of a set of values rather than a set of rules

C. Obedience to rules as the primary responsibility of ethics

4. Which of the following is the reason why normative myopia is especially liable to occur in a business context? A. The fast paced world of business allows little time for contemplation on ethics. B. Business attracts people from diverse backgrounds, which makes it difficult to identify ethical standards agreeable to everybody. C. People are more likely to focus on the technical aspects of the task at hand in a business context, and thus, fail to recognize the ethical aspect. D. Ethics can justifiably be allowed to take a backseat in a business context.

C. People are more likely to focus on the technical aspects of the task at hand in a business context, and thus, fail to recognize the ethical aspect.

2. Some employers emphasize the rights and duties of all employees and treat employees well simply because "it is the right thing to do." Identify the ethical approach for this perspective. A. Prescriptive ethics B. Utilitarianism C. Principle-based ethics D. Classicism

C. Principle-based ethics

16. Which of the following considerations can sometimes override consequences when comparing and weighing alternatives for ethical decision making? A. Ideas B. Apprehensions C. Principles D. Assumptions

C. Principles

12. Which of the following is a reason why a rights-based framework of ethics would object to child labor? A. Such practices violate laws that are widely accepted in developed countries. B. Such practices are not economically feasible in the modern era. C. Such practices violate our duty to treat children with respect. D. Such practices do not produce beneficial consequences to children.

C. Such practices violate our duty to treat children with respect.

3. Which of the following best describes ethics? A. An academic discipline that originated in the early 1900s B. A descriptive approach that provides an account of how and why people do act the way they do C. The study of how human beings should properly live their lives D. A descriptive approach such as psychology and sociology

C. The study of how human beings should properly live their lives

11. Which of the following is a fundamental moral duty according to Immanuel Kant? A. To place principles over morals B. To ponder over the nuances of ethics C. To treat each person as an end in themselves D. To continuously set moral examples for everyone to follow

C. To treat each person as an end in themselves

2. _____ directs us to decide based on overall consequences of our acts. A. Deontology B. Role ethics C. Utilitarianism D. Virtue ethics

C. Utilitarianism

13. The Kantian tradition claims that humans do not act only out of instinct and conditioning; they make free choices about how they live their lives, about their own ends. In this sense, humans are said to have a fundamental human right of: A. dignity. B. rationality. C. autonomy. D. dependency.

C. autonomy.

8. The Arthur Andersen auditors did not notice how low Enron had fallen in terms of its unethical decisions over a period of time. According to Bazerman and Chugh, this omission is an example of _____. A. inattentional blindness B. descriptive ignorance C. change blindness D. normative myopia

C. change blindness

3. Philosophically, the right of _____ is the right to be protected against the arbitrary use of authority. A. continuance B. freedom of association C. due process D. self-determination

C. due process

1. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the: A. dedication that businesses show in expanding their market share. B. accountability that a manager has to his subordinates. C. ethical expectation that society has for business. D. actions that maximize the profit of an organization.

C. ethical expectation that society has for business.

12. The _____ serves as an articulation of the fundamental principles at the heart of the organization and should guide all decisions without abridgment. A. annual report B. vision statement C. mission statement D. income statement

C. mission statement

6. Morality is the aspect of ethics that we can refer to by the phrase "_____." A. personal freedom B. individual rationality C. personal integrity D. persuasive rationality

C. personal integrity

11. With regard to health and safety at a workplace, _____ can be determined by comparing the probabilities of harm involved in various activities. A. variable obstacles B. absolute impediments C. relative risks D. comparative barriers

C. relative risks

10. With regard to health and safety at a workplace, _____ can be defined as the probability of harm. A. obstacles B. impediments C. risks D. barriers

C. risks

In the context of government-regulated ethics approach to health and safety, a true statement about government standards is that: A. they address the "first generation" problem of the market controlled approach to health and safety by focusing on compensation rather than prevention. B. they favor individual bargaining between employers and employees as the approach to workplace health and safety. C. they prevent employees from having to face the fundamentally coercive choice between job and safety. D. they are set based on assumptions rather than best available scientific knowledge and thus add to market failures that result from insufficient information.

C. they prevent employees from having to face the fundamentally coercive choice between job and safety.

9. Free market economics is grounded in the _____. A. rights-based framework of ethics B. principle-based framework of ethics C. utilitarian framework of ethics D. legal framework of ethics

C. utilitarian framework of ethics

5. Utilitarianism's fundamental insight is that we should decide what to do by: A. considering the moral character of individuals. B. following the rules, regardless of consequences. C. acting only out of a self-interest. D. considering the consequences of our actions.

D. considering the consequences of our actions.

3. Enlightened self-interest, an important justification offered for corporate social responsibility (CSR), presumes that: A. measurement of bottom-line impact of ethical decision making is unimportant. B. profits are independent of ethics. C. bottom-line impact of ethical decision making can be measured and compared. D. good ethics can also be good business.

D. good ethics can also be good business.

11. Ethics requires that the promotion of human welfare be done: A. based on the personal opinions of the decision maker. B. based on the level of need of the beneficiaries. C. understanding the religious beliefs of the beneficiary. D. in a manner that is acceptable and reasonable from all relevant points of view.

D. in a manner that is acceptable and reasonable from all relevant points of view.

1. Two general and connected understandings of privacy have been identified: privacy as a right to be "left alone" within a personal zone of solitude, and privacy as the: A. right to understand one's emotions. B. right to understand others' emotions. C. right to control information about others. D. right to control information about oneself.

D. right to control information about oneself.

11. Jim resides close to Bunton Steel Co., a steel factory. The company has recently implemented changes to its pollution control policy that has adversely affected Jim and his family. This makes Jim a(n) _____ in the company's pollution control policy. A. associate B. stockholder C. partner D. stakeholder

D. stakeholder

15. Identify the step of the ethical decision-making process that involves predicting the likely, foreseeable, and the possible consequences to all the relevant stakeholders. A. Comparing and weighing the alternatives B. Making the decision C. Identifying the ethical issues D. Monitoring and learning from the outcomes

A. Comparing and weighing the alternatives

1. Which of the following is the first step in making an ethically responsible decision? A. Determining the facts of the situation B. Considering the available alternatives C. Monitoring and learning from the outcomes D. Comparing and weighing alternatives

A. Determining the facts of the situation

9. Identify a true statement about health and safety at a workplace. A. Health and safety are "goods" that are valued both as a means for attaining other valuable ends and as ends in themselves. B. Employers are responsible for providing a completely safe and healthy workplace. C. Financial compensation can replace the value of life lost due to lack of health and safety measures. D. Health and safety have a very low instrumental value.

A. Health and safety are "goods" that are valued both as a means for attaining other valuable ends and as ends in themselves.

14. According to David Vogel, which of the following should a firm be most cautious about when engaging in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities? A. Investing in corporate social responsibility (CSR) when consumers are not willing to pay higher prices to support that investment. B. Employees may become over-indulgent in activities related to social causes. C. Attrition levels may rise because of indifference among employees engaging in activities related to social responsibility. D. The easily measurable ethical payoff can turn out to be lower than the anticipated levels.

A. Investing in corporate social responsibility (CSR) when consumers are not willing to pay higher prices to support that investment.

8. Which of the following statements is true about the stakeholder theory? A. It begins with the recognition that every business decision affects a wide variety of people, benefiting some and imposing costs on others. B. It argues that the narrow economic model successfully provides an accurate descriptive and a reasonable normative account of business management. C. It holds that business firms should fully integrate economic and social goals by bringing social responsibilities into the core of their business model. D. It suggests that the long-term financial well-being of every firm is directly tied to questions of how the firm both affects and is affected by the natural environment.

A. It begins with the recognition that every business decision affects a wide variety of people, benefiting some and imposing costs on others.

2. Identify a true statement about social responsibility. A. It refers to what a business should or ought to do for the sake of the society, even if it comes with an economic cost. B. It refers to the responsibility of an organization to fulfill the terms of contract with its employees and lenders. C. It refers to the steps taken by an organization to avoid internal malpractices or misconduct. D. It refers to the responsibility that society has to ensure a business's success.

A. It refers to what a business should or ought to do for the sake of the society, even if it comes with an economic cost.

0. Identify a true statement about the integrative model of corporate social responsibility (CSR). A. It suggests that firms should fully combine economic and social goals by bringing social responsibilities into the core of their business model. B. It recognizes that every business decision imposes costs on someone and mandates that those costs be acknowledged. C. It recognizes that some stakeholders have different power and impact on decisions than others. D. It argues that every business should adopt the principles of benefit corporations and devote all their activities to service of social goals.

A. It suggests that firms should fully combine economic and social goals by bringing social responsibilities into the core of their business model.

0. Which of the following is a disadvantage of monitoring? A. Monitoring tends to constrain effective performance since it can cause increased stress and pressure. B. Monitoring prevents employers from managing their workplaces to place workers in appropriate positions. C. Monitoring does not allow managers to ensure compliance with affirmative action requirements. D. Monitoring cannot be utilized to prevent the loss of productivity due to inappropriate technology use.

A. Monitoring tends to constrain effective performance since it can cause increased stress and pressure.

3. _____ typically assert that individual rights and duties are fundamental and thus can also be referred to as a rights-based, or duty-based approach to ethics. A. Principle-based ethics B. Role ethics C. Virtue-based ethics D. Pragmatic ethics

A. Principle-based ethics

7. Which of the following principles does utilitarianism emphasize? A. Producing the greatest good for the greatest number B. Acting only out of self-interest C. Ensuring that a fair decision is an impartial decision D. Obeying the law and keeping promises

A. Producing the greatest good for the greatest number

10. Which of the following is a value that will impact the culture of an organization in the absence of any other established values? A. Profit—at any cost B. Ethical behavior C. Legal compliance D. Customer satisfaction

A. Profit—at any cost

10. "_____" include all of the groups and/or individuals affected by a decision, policy, or operation of a firm or individual. A. Stakeholders B. Shareholders C. Employees D. Owners

A. Stakeholders

3. Which of the following prohibits the "interception" or unauthorized access of stored communications? A. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 B. The Computer Security Act of 1987 C. The Privacy Act of 1974 D. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986

A. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986

2. Which of the following conditions makes ethical issue identification the first step in the ethical decision-making process? A. When the ethical predicament of the situation is hard to determine B. When the responsibility for the decision lies with one person C. When the issue is presented from the start D. When the stakeholders in the decision cannot be determined

A. When the ethical predicament of the situation is hard to determine

13. Which of the following involves the disclosure of unethical or illegal activities to someone who is in a position to take action to prevent or punish the wrongdoing? A. Whistle-blowing B. Redlining C. Gentrification D. Flyposting

A. Whistle-blowing

11. The defenders of the sustainability approach toward corporate social responsibility (CSR) point out that _____. A. all economic activity exists within a biosphere that supports all life B. the success of a business must be judged only against profitability C. people have a strong ethical duty to cause no harm, and only a prima facie duty to prevent harm D. businesses' sole social responsibility is to fulfill the economic functions they were designed to serve

A. all economic activity exists within a biosphere that supports all life

11. A(n) _____ provides concrete guidance for internal decision making creating a built-in risk management system. A. code of conduct B. organization vision C. income statement D. ombudsperson

A. code of conduct

12. In the ethical-decision making process, moral imagination is used by decision makers while _____. A. considering the available alternatives B. identifying the stakeholders C. identifying the ethical issues involved D. determining the facts of the situation

A. considering the available alternatives

1. Identify a true statement about ethical decision making in business. A. Employees only have to deal with situations that call for ethical decision making once they reach managerial positions within organizations. B. At some point, every worker will be faced with an issue that will require ethical decision making. C. Companies are legally obligated to cover all ethical decisions by internal rules and regulations. D. Ethical decision making should not rely on the personal values and principles of the individuals involved.

B. At some point, every worker will be faced with an issue that will require ethical decision making.

4. Which of the following is true of "bullying" in the workplace? A. The mistreatment of an employee needs to be physically threatening to be termed bullying. B. Bullying can involve a boss who is constantly yelling dictates at workers. C. When a coworker spreads rumors about another in order to sabotage his position, he is not regarded a bully as he is not higher than the other employee in the hierarchy of authority. D. Bullying is independent of emotional abuse that results in a complete loss of personal dignity.

B. Bullying can involve a boss who is constantly yelling dictates at workers.

15. _____ requires that an economic value be placed on one's life and bodily integrity. A. Cost-effectiveness analysis B. Cost-benefit analysis C. Cost margin analysis D. Cost variance analysis

B. Cost-benefit analysis

15. Identify the view which holds that people act only out of a self-interest. A. Altruism B. Egoism C. Utilitarianism D. Libertarianism

B. Egoism

4. Which of the following observations is true of ethics? A. It is descriptive in nature. B. It deals with our reasoning about how we should act. C. It provides an account of how and why people act the way they do. D. It is equivalent to law-abiding behavior.

B. It deals with our reasoning about how we should act.

11. Which of the following statements is true about monitoring? A. It improves workers' right to control their work environment. B. It has the potential to cause physical disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome. C. It improves the level of worker autonomy and respect. D. It can lead to mental pressures, but health problems have not been reported.

B. It has the potential to cause physical disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome.

17. Identify the final step in the ethical decision-making process? A. Making a decision B. Monitoring and learning from outcomes C. Corresponding with the stakeholders D. Identifying new ethical dilemmas to tackl

B. Monitoring and learning from outcomes

3. _____ refers to shortsightedness about values. A. Inattentional blindness B. Normative myopia C. Change blindness D. Descriptive myopia

B. Normative myopia

9. _____ recognizes that every business decision imposes costs on someone and mandates that those costs be acknowledged. A. Integrative theory B. Stakeholder theory C. Keynesian theory D. Institutional theory

B. Stakeholder theory

9. Which of the following is a true statement about norms? A. They are underlying beliefs that cause people to choose one way or another. B. They are standards of appropriate and proper behavior. C. They provide benchmarks of desirable societal conditions. D. They consist of guidelines for bringing about positive behavioral change

B. They are standards of appropriate and proper behavior.

2. Identify a true statement about hypernorms. A. They are values that are determined within free moral space. B. They are values that are fundamental across culture and theory. C. They determine who maintains control over tangibles and intangibles. D. They are limited to an individual's property rights.

B. They are values that are fundamental across culture and theory.

13. Identify a challenge associated with the market controlled approach to health and safety. A. Employees lack the kinds of free choices that the free-market theory would require in order to attain optimal satisfactions. B. This approach ignores the fundamental deontological right an employee might have to a safe and healthy working environment. C. This approach assumes an equivalency between workplace risks and other types of risks when there are significant differences between them. D. Employees in a free market are treated disrespectfully by ignoring their inputs as stakeholders.

B. This approach ignores the fundamental deontological right an employee might have to a safe and healthy working environment.

9. The means used to motivate others and achieve one's goals plays a key role in distinguishing between: A. silent leaders and visible leaders. B. effective leaders and ethical leaders. C. informal leaders and formal leaders. D. silent leaders and ethical leaders.

B. effective leaders and ethical leaders.

4. According to the economic model of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the sole social responsibility of a business is to: A. go beyond legal responsibilities to cater to the needs of the society. B. fulfill the economic functions that it was designed to serve. C. think beyond economic ends that have to be met to help society. D. analyze the defects in society and design products to overcome these defects

B. fulfill the economic functions that it was designed to serve.

7. Missing a highway turn-off as a result of speaking on a cell phone while driving is an example of _____. A. normative myopia B. inattentional blindness C. rational ignorance D. change blindness

B. inattentional blindness

8. The life of one who dies in a workplace accident has _____ value that can be measured, in part, by the lost wages that would have been earned had that person lived. A. absolute B. instrumental C. intrinsic D. extrinsic

B. instrumental

7. According to Norman Bowie, the "moral minimum" that we expect of every person—either acting as individuals or within corporate institutions—is: A. basic spirituality. B. respect for human rights. C. contribution to charity. D. accountability.

B. respect for human rights.

2. In a general sense, anyone who affects or is affected by decisions made within a firm can be called a business _____. A. nominee B. stakeholder C. analyst D. inside

B. stakeholder