Eukaryotic Cell Structure (Section 7-2)
GOLGI APPARATUS
Stack of membranes in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
What are some TRUE facts about EUKARYOTES?
They grow and reproduce.
What is a MICROTUBULE?
a hollow structure made of protein
What is an example of a PROKARYOTE?
bacteria
What important MOLECULES does the NUCLEUS contain?
proteins, RNA, and other molecules
CHLOROPLASTS and MITOCHONDRIA contain their own genetic material in the form of...
small DNA molecules
RIBOSOME
small particle of RNA and protein that produces protein following instructions from nucleus
What are RIBOSOMES?
small particles of RNA and PROTEIN found throughout the CYTOPLASM.
What is the nucleolus?
the small, dense region contained in most nuclei
MITOCHONDRION
uses energy from food to make high-energy compounds
CHLOROPLAST
uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food
LOOK AT ILLUSTRATION OF PLANT CELL IN PACKET.
...
What are some TRUE facts oabout lysosomes?
1. They contain enzymes that help synthesize lipids. 2. They break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. 3. They contain enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed
What is the GRANULAR MATERIAL visisble within the NUCLEUS called?
CHROMATIN
What does the CHROMATIN consist of?
DNA bound to protein
Describe the role of the GOLGI APPARATUS in the cell using the FACTORY ANALOGY.
It gathers molecules and combines them to make them more complex.
What is the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE?
It is made up of two membranes and is dotted with thousands of pores which let materials move in and out of the nucleus.
What is the function of the NUCLEUS?
It is the CONROL CENTER and responsible for for making PROTEINS and MOLECULES.
What occurs in the nucleolus?
It is where the assembly of ribosomes begins.
What is the difference between ER and SMOOTH ER?
RIBOSOMES are found on the SURFACE of the ROUGH ER. NO RIBOSOMES on the SURFACE of the SMOOTH ER.
VACUOLE
Saclike structure that stores materials
TRUE or FALSE: Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed by two membranes.
TRUE
How does the CONTRACTILE VACUOLE in a PARAMECIUM help maintain HOMESTASIS?
The CONTRACTILE VACUOLE helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the content of water within the cell.
What is the ROLE of the CENTRAL VACUOLE in PLANTS?
The pressure of the central vacuole in cells makes it possible for plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers.
What is an ORGANELLE?
They are known as "little organs."
What are CHROMOSOMES?
They are threadlike structures that contain information that is passed throughout generations of cells.
What is a CYTOSKELETON?
a network of protein fragmens that helps the cell to maintain its shape
Biologist Lynn Margulis has suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendants of what kind of organisms?
ancient prokaryotes
What type of cell contains mitochondria and ER?
animal cell
LYSOSOME
filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used
What is the FUNCTION of a MICROTUBULE?
maintains cell shape, helps build cilia and flagella, forms centrioles in cell division
What is a EUKARYOTE?
organisms whose cells CONTAIN NUCLEI
What is a a PROKARYOTE?
organisms whose cells LACK NUCLEI
What type of cell contains cell wall, ER, and chloroplast?
plant cell
What is an example of a EUKARYOTE?
plants, animals, fungus, and protists
Are all EUKARYOTES large, multicellular organisms?
some are large multicellular organisms but they can also be single-celled organisms.
What are VACUOLES?
structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
What is the FUNCTION of a MICROFILAMENT?
supports the cell, help cells move
What is a MICROFILAMENT?
threadlike structures made of protein