Evidence Based Practice

Order the following types of research evidence reviews in order of rigor from most rigorous to least rigorous:

1. Systematic review with meta-analysis 2. Systematic review without meta-analysis 3. Integrative review 4. Narrative review

Which of the following types of research can be categorized as primary research? Select all that apply.

A. Cohort study C. Grounded theory study D. Randomized controlled trial F. Controlled trial without randomization

Randomized controlled trials are which type of research?

A. Quantitative research

What type of study is described in the following excerpt? An interprofessional team wants to test a new intervention to see whether it will improve central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates. Subjects were randomized into either the intervention or the control group by pulling a slip of paper with either a one or a two written on it from a manila envelope (those pulling ones were randomized to the intervention group; those pulling twos were randomized to the control group). When the study began, the intervention group received the intervention and the control group received equal attention. Data was collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics were used to report the data.

A. Quantitative research

Which of the following statements is true of narrative reviews? (Select all that apply.)

B. Narrative reviews provide a general background discussion of a particular issue. D. Narrative reviews generally review literature that support the author's point of view on an issue or topic.

What kind of study is described in the following excerpt? Researchers are interested in studying the impact of living in a family where a child has been diagnosed with cancer. They collaborate with the oncology department at a large children's hospital to identify and receive consent from families that have a child with a cancer diagnosis. Participants are consented and data is collected and triangulated using one-on-one interviews, focus groups, and surveys. Data is analyzed for thematic analysis.

B. Qualitative research

Mixed-methods studies are a combination of which two methodologies?

B. Quantitative and qualitative research methodologies

When trying to determine what type of research study is described in an article, which two sections of the article will give you the best information to make that determination?

C. Methods and results

Which of the following is a type of quantitative research study?

C. Randomized controlled trial

What type of study is described in the following excerpt? Surveys to evaluate nurse satisfaction, medical errors, depression and anxiety, and demographics were given to 5,432 nurses from hospitals of various sizes and geographic locations; some had nurses working 8-hour shifts and 12-hour shifts. Nurses were asked to complete the survey. Upon completion of the survey, nurses were invited to participate in video conference focus groups and one-on-one interviews with a research assistant by video conferencing. Survey results were reported using descriptive statistics, and themes were identified and reported from the data collected in the focus groups and one-on-one interviews.

Correct Answer: D. Mixed-methods research

In qualitative studies, results are reported using words or themes.

Correct Answer: True

What type of information would help you identify a research study as qualitative? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answers: A. Data is collected using such approaches as interviews, focus groups, and open-ended questions on surveys. D. Results are reported using themes and words.

What type of literature may a systematic review include to be considered Level 1 evidence on the Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt levels of evidence hierarchy?

F. Randomized controlled trials

In quantitative studies, results are reported using words or themes.

False

Both literature reviews and systematic reviews are types of research evidence reviews.

True