EVPP108 Summer - Final Exam study questions

Which portion of a phospholipid molecule is polar?

Head (water loving)

The larger the half-life, the _____ the amount of time it takes for a radioactive isotope to decay. shorter longer

Longer

Which of the following is a type of surface wave? compressional wave Love wave Transverse wave

Love wave

Several different species of warblers can live in the same tree because __________. they have identical realized niches competitive exclusion does not apply to warblers of resource partitioning they are members of the same population

of resource partitioning

Population size is governed by _______.

-births -deaths -immigration -emigration

P waves

-compressional -travel faster than S waves -Ground vibrates in direction the P wave is propagating

Where would you expect to find generally low/ lower levels of precipitation?

-in the rain shadow of mountains -in the middle of large continents -at about 30 N latitude -at about 30 S latitude

An introduced species is found to have a fundamental niche identical to that of a native species. Possible outcomes include:

-one or the other species will go extinct locally -evolutionary change will tend to lead to resource partitioning -they will exhibit distinct realized niches and coexist

6 lines of evidence for plate tectonics

1. shapes of continents 2. distribution of geologic features, fossils, some living species 3. distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes 4. sea floor topography 5. age of volcanic islands 6. sea floor magnetism & spreading

How many Domains of life currently exist?

3

How many kingdoms of life currently exist?

6

A keystone species

A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem -it is not necessarily the most abundant species in the community -it exerts control on community structure not by its numbers but by its ecological niche -it reduces the density of the strongest competitors in the community -it helps maintain the species diversity in a community

Which of the following characteristics of the atmosphere varies to some extent with altitude? temperature density pressure relative concentration of gases all of the above

All of the above

Which two domains contain organisms with prokaryotic cells? Archaea and Eukarya Bacteria and Eukarya Archaea and Bacteria Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Archaea and Bacteria

Which of the following lists all of the kingdoms of life that contain prokaryotic cells? Archbacteria, Eubacteria, Protista Fungi, Animalia, Plantae Plantae, Animalia Archaebacteria, Eubacteria Protista

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria

In a pyramid of numbers, the largest number of organisms would typically be found ___________. A.) at the highest end of the food chain, with each lower trophic level occupied by fewer organisms B.) at the highest end of the food chain, with each lower trophic level having the same number of organisms C.) at the lowest end of the food chain, with each successive trophic level having the same number of organisms D.) at the lowest end of the food chain, with each successive trophic level occupied by fewer organisms

At the lowest end of the food chain, with each successive trophic level occupied by fewer organisms

Which type of organism conducts cellular respiration?

Autotrophs and heterotrophs

Why is there relatively lower amounts of precipitation around 30 degrees N & 30 degrees S latitude?

Because these are regions where dry masses of air are descending

A natural disaster drastically reduces the size of a population of organisms. The relative frequencies of genes in the surviving individuals (surviving population) is likely to be different from that of the population they came from. This is called the ____________ effect. bottleneck immigration mutation founder selection

Bottleneck effect

All else being equal, which of the following is more dense? cold water warm water

Cold water

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 categories of important biological macromolecules? A.) proteins B.) DNA C.) carbohydrates D.) lipids

DNA is NOT one of the 4 biological macromolecules

In the troposphere, temperature normally _____________. Increases with increased altitude Decreases with increased altitude Stays the same at all altitudes

Decreases with increased altitude

Which of the following is not a primary effect of earthquakes? disease damage to buildings damage to dams damage to pipelines damage to bridges

Disease

Air pressure ______. A. Is constant at all altitudes in the atmosphere B. Increases at a linear rate as altitude increases C. Decreases as altitude increases D. Is related to air density E. C and D

E. Decreases as altitude increases Is related to air density

Volcanic releases

Ejecta, liquid lava, gases

Photosynthesis is an __________ reaction whereas cellular respiration is an _____ reaction.

Endergonic....exergonic

At which of the following latitudes is/are air masses generally rising? Equator 30 degrees N & S 60 degrees N & S 90 degrees N & S A and C

Equator and 60 degrees N & S

The Kingdom Protista is in the Domain ________.

Eukarya

Which type of cell contains a membrane-bound nucleus?

Eukaryotic

The _____ is the initial rupture point of an earthquake within the Earth whereas the _______ is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the ________ of the earthquake. focus.......epicenter........focus divergent....plate.......epicenter focus......plate.......boundary epicenter......focus.......epicenter epicenter.......plate......epicenter

Focus....epicenter.....focus

Which of the following are "calm" areas? Westerlies Polar easterlies Trade winds Horse latitudes

Horse Latitudes

Which of the following is an example of a volcanic island arc? Himilaya Mountains Cascade Mountains Hawaii Japan Galapagos

Japan

In which of the following structures does cellular respiration take place?

Mitochondrion

Which biogeochemical cycle is being affected by increased fertilizer production? Carbon Nitrogen Water Phosphorus

Nitrogen

Does diffusion require an input of energy?

No

The two most abundant chemical components in the earth's atmosphere are _____. oxygen and carbon oxygen and hydrogen nitrogen and carbon oxygen and nitrogen nitrogen and hydrogen

Oxygen and Nitrogen

Which type of organism conducts photosynthesis?

Photosynthetic Autotrophs

What is the largest reservoir of carbon? The oceans The atmosphere Living organisms Sediments

Sediments

A device used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake is called a ________ whereas the document or record it produces is called a ________. Seismorichter.....richtergram Seismogram...seisomograph Seismograph.....seisomogram Richtometer.....seisomogram

Seismograph....seismogram

Which of the following terms/phrases does NOT apply to P waves? compressional travels faster than S waves Ground vibrates in direction the P wave is propagating shear

Shear

If you place a cell into a hypertonic solution, what will happen?

Shrink. The cell will lose water

A volcano composed of alternating layers of lava and debris is called a ____. cinder cone volcano stratovolcano shield volcano

Stratovolcano

Which of the following statements pertaining to the temperature of the earth's interior is correct? The temperature decreases as you go from the surface to the core The temperature increases as you go from the surface to the core There is no change in temperature as you go from the surface to the core

The temperature increases as you go from the surface to the core

What is the definition of "gross primary production"? The total amount of chemical energy produced by autotrophs. Elements and compounds that are required for survival. The amount of energy remaining after respiration that is used to generate plant biomass. The total amount of energy assimilation by heterotrophs.

The total amount of chemical energy produced by autotrophs.

What is the definition of "net primary production"? The total amount of chemical energy produced by autotrophs. Elements and compounds that are required for survival. The amount of energy remaining after respiration that is used to generate plant biomass. The total amount of energy assimilation by heterotrophs.

The total amount of energy remaining after respiration that is used to generate plant biomass.

Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of the interior earth? lithosphere asthenosphere mesosphere troposphere

Troposphere

Correctly list the layers of atmosphere defined by temperature in the proper order from the layer CLOSEST to the surface of the earth TO the layer FURTHEST from its surface?

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere

Active transport requires an input of energy.

True

All members of the kingdom Archaebacteria are single-celled organisms.

True

Each substance diffuses along its own concentration gradient.

True

Energy flows in one direction, while matter recycles

True

Organisms that exhibit a type III survivorship curve sustain the greatest mortality in the early portion of the life span.

True

Which of the following conceived of a "theory" of evolution basically identical to Darwin's? LaMarck Mendel Hutton Wallace

Wallace

Why is there generally a high level of precipitation around the equatorial/tropical region? A.) Warm, moist air above the surface expands, becomes less dense, rises, passes through cooler surroundings, experiences a decrease in ability to hold moisture, releases moisture in the form of precipitation B.) Dry, cool air contracts, descends, warms up as it passes through warmer surroundings

Warm, moist air above the surface expands, becomes less dense, rises, passes through cooler surroundings, experiences a decrease in ability to hold moisture, releases moisture in the form of precipitation

Most geologists rejected Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift because _____. they were afraid of a new idea. Wegener was interested in what Earth was like millions of years ago. Wegener used several different types of evidence to support his hypothesis. Wegener could not identify a mechanisms that could move the continents.

Wegener could not identify a mechanism that could move the continents.

Which of the following are "wind belts"? Westerlies Polar front Doldrums Horse latitudes

Westerlies

Resource Partitioning

When species divide a niche to avoid competition for resources

Consider two male wolves. Wolf A lives a long, healthy life, reaching an age of 15 years, is taller and more muscular than every other male in the pack, mates with a single female wolf and together they produce five cubs who also live long healthy lives. Wolf B is a relatively small, nonmuscular male who lives only to an age of 7 years but he mates with 5 females with whom he produces a total of 25 cubs who live long healthy lives. In terms of their evolutionary or ecological "fitness", which of the following statements about these wolves is most accurate? Wolf A and wolf B are of equal "fitness" because they both successfully reproduced Wolf A is the most "fit" because he lived a longer time and was physically superior to wolf B Wolf B is the most "fit" because he passed his traits down to the most descendants Wolf B is the most "fit" because he mated with more females We can't determine the fitness of wolf A or wolf B without knowing what the "fitness" of each of their parents was

Wolf B is the most "fit" because he passed his traits down to the most descendants

Which of the following ecosystems would you expect to have the greatest net primary productivity? savanna tundra cultivated farmland an estuary

an estuary

Which of the following is not a secondary effect of earthquakes? landslide building damage tsunami fire disease

building damage

Which biogeochemical cycle uses photosynthesis and cellular respiration to cycle its atoms? Carbon Nitrogen Water Phosphorus

carbon

Which of the following is the equation for photosynthesis? (read "=" as "yields")

carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

Which of the following is the equation for cellular respiration? (read "=" as "yields")

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

What are the names of the two layers of the atmosphere that are based on gaseous composition in terms of the relative percentages of nitrogen and oxygen?

homosphere and heterosphere

When magma reaches the surface it is called ____. hot cold lava explosive

lava

A change in the relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population is called _______. competition microevolution population growth population density species richness

microevolution

A ____________ is the smallest unit that can evolve.

population

A group of individuals of the same species that lives in the same place at the same time is called a __________.

population

Magnetic Stripes

provide evidence of sea floor spreading when they show the reversal of magnetic fields -they're symmetrical about the mid-ocean ridges -they represent a record of the magnetic field of the earth at the time the rock cooled

The niche an organism is able to occupy in the presence of competitors is called its ___________ whereas the niche that an organism could occupy in the absence of competition is called its __________. fundamental niche..........realized niche realized niche..........fundamental niche interference niche..........competitive niche intraspecific niche..........interspecific niche exploitative niche..........fundamental niche

realized niche....fundamental niche

When people speak of the "rain shadow" of the California Coastal Range, they are referring to the ________.

reduction in rain on side of the mountain facing away from the prevailing wind

All else being equal, which of the following is more dense? salt water fresh water

salt water

Selectively permeable membranes allow ______________.

some substances to move in/out and others are prohibited from entering/leaving

Carrying capacity refers to ______.

the maximum size of a population that a particular environment will support

What is Pangaea? the name of a German scientist the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago another name for continental drift the name of an ancient fossil

the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago

Humans exhibit a _____________. type I survivorship curve type I survivorship curve early in life but a type II survivorship curve late in life type II survivorship curve type III survivorship curve type IV survivorship curve

type I survivorship curve

Which of the following factors does NOT affect ocean circulation? wind positions of land masses types of organisms present water density Earth's rotation

types of organisms present

According to the principle of original horizontality, if you discovered rock in which the layers were vertical you would conclude that the layers ______.

were deposited horizontally and the layers were altered (tilted) some time after their formation