EVR CH 6
The annual global growth rate of the human population peaked in the ________ and has been declining ever since. -1950s -year 2000 -early 1900s -1960s -1990s
1960's
Which region of Australia is the most densely settled? -Southeast -Northeast -Northwest -Central -Southwest
Southeast
Based on the joined map, which country would be the most likely to experience food insecurity (i.e., experience high food prices and/or suffer from food shortages)? -United States -Brazil -Yemen -China -Thailand
Yemen
In 2014, how many 25- to 29-year-old women lived in Niger? -about 0.6 million -about 1.2 million -about 0.6 billion -cannot be determined from the graph
about 0.6 million
Madagascar's age-structure diagram ________. -reflects unequal distribution of males and females at all age groups -reflects an aging population -reflects a population with a high growth rate -reflects a "baby boom" in the early 1980s -looks like an urn, with narrow base and an expanded apex
reflects a population with a high growth rate
The "sensitivity factor" (S) that is often used in the IPAT (IPATS) model denotes ________. -the sensitivity of an environment to human pressures -the sensitivity of endangered species to human population infringement -human sensitivity to what needs to be done to protect the environment -economic sensitivity to resource use -the sensitivity of governments to carrying capacity demands
the sensitivity of an environment to human pressures
What does the T stand for in the IPAT model? -Technology -Tentative -Terrorism -Total
Technology
All of the following are among the world's top five most populous nations EXCEPT: -India. -Brazil. -Japan. -United States. -Indonesia.
Japan
According to the graph, what type of relationship exists between a nation's total fertility rate and its female secondary school enrollment rate? -positive -negative -no obvious relationship
negative
The 2014 age-structure pyramid for Niger indicates that the population of Niger ________. -was increasing -was stable -was decreasing -cannot be determined from the graph
was increasing
Which of the following countries has the strongest international trade position with a high GNI per capita PPP and the highest, positive trade balance? -Russia -China -Brazil -South Africa -India
Russia
Which of the following best describes the human population from early times to the present? -Slow, steady growth throughout the period -Rapid, explosive growth throughout the period -Early rapid growth which has leveled off to a nearly constant rate in the last 20 years -Early rapid growth which has increased rapidly in the last 20 years -Slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then increasingly rapid growth
Slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then increasingly rapid growth
Which of the following would be most beneficial for the environment? -A fast growing economy. -A long economic recession. -A stagnant economy. -A slowly growing economy.
A long economic recession
In which country is the dependency ratio most likely NOT a significant economic concern? -Spain -Slovakia -Sweden -Albania -Portugal
Albania
Based on previous success, where should the Cucapá focus their conservation efforts to best make use of the tides? -Dredge the riverbed. -Create cement-lined channels for flowing water. -Bring in sand to fill in empty spaces along the shores. -Plant trees in the riverbed.
Dredge the riverbed
Which Sub-Saharan African country has a GNI per capita at PPP of $2,000 and the most Internet users? -Mali -Madagascar -Ethiopia -Mozambique -Democratic Republic of the Congo
When an agrarian economy transitions to an industrial economy, what effect does it have on the population? -Population growth rate slows. -TFR will increase since women are able to stay at home rather than work in the fields to grow food. -The total population decreases. -The population growth becomes exponential.
Population growth rate slows.
The period in a woman's life between sexual maturity and menopause is known as what? -The demographic transition -The reproductive window -The immigration transition -The family planning window
The reproductive window
Which of the following countries shows high urban population concentration in more than one urban area? -Cambodia -Thailand -Singapore -Vietnam
Vietnam
Which of the following was a factor in helping to reduce total fertility rate of developed countries in the recent past? -lack of access to birth control -better medical care -lack of education for women -increased dependence on farming for survival
better medical care
Which of the following would be ethical and effective approaches to help the country reach zero population growth? Select all that apply. -Increase access to family planning programs and modern contraceptives. -Identify reasons why birth rates are high. -Discourage boys and girls from attending secondary school. -Increase educational opportunities for women and maintain reproductive rights
-Increase access to family planning programs and modern contraceptives. -Identify reasons why birth rates are high. -Increase educational opportunities for women and maintain reproductive rights
In 2016, the population of the United States was approximately 325 million people, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.7%. If the population of the United States were to continue to grow at this rate, it would double around the year ________. -2116 -2096 -2066 -2136 -2086
2116
Which of the following can be inferred from the figure? -TFR is lowest for those countries where all females attend high school. -Females in Ethiopia do not go to school because they cannot take time off from having children. -For countries in which >50% of females attend secondary school, there is no relationship between TFR and the education of women. -Contraception is more readily available in Cambodia than in Ethiopia. -There is no relationship between TFR and the education of women
For countries in which >50% of females attend secondary school, there is no relationship between TFR and the education of women.
Which of the following areas has the lowest total fertility rate (TFR)? -Latin America and the Caribbean -North America -Western Europe -Nigeria -Africa
Western European
Which of the following is a correct pair that identifies a Chinese province with a per capita GDP lower than its neighboring country? -Inner Mongolia and Mongolia -Xinjiang Uygur and Kazakhstan -Xizang and India -Yunnan and Myanmar -Guangxi and Vietnam
Xinjiang Uygur and Kazakhstan
In the Netherlands in 2014, people between the ages of 45 and 54 made up the largest percentage of the population. What factor is most likely to have caused this bulge in the age pyramid? -a surge in the birth rate after World War II ended in 1945 -an increase in the death rate during World War I and the influenza epidemic of 1917 -a decline in the birth rate during the Great Depression of the 1930s -the increased availability of oral contraceptives in the 1950s and 1960s
a surge in the birth rate after World War II ended in 1945
In the Netherlands in 2014, which age classes contained the largest number of people? -children between 5 and 14 -adults between 25 and 34 -adults between 35 and 45 -adults between 45 and 54 -adults between 55 and 64
adults between 45 and 54
Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in ________. -Europe -developed countries -North America -currently uninhabited areas such as Antarctica -developing countries
developing countries
What is the population in Canada likely to experience soon? -more senior citizens -resource depletion and decreased quality of life -more single males -government institution of a population control policy -exponential population growth
more senior citizens
Which two statements are supported by the graph? -Female secondary school enrollment causes fertility rates to decrease. -Data from India strongly support the correlation between female secondary school enrollment and lower fertility rates. -Increasing females' access to education is the best way to lower fertility rates. -Increasing female secondary school enrollment is strongly associated with reduced fertility rates. -Cambodia and Guatemala have similar fertility rates but differ in their secondary school enrollment rates. -Decreased fertility rates result in more access to education for girls.
-Increasing female secondary school enrollment is strongly associated with reduced fertility rates. -Cambodia and Guatemala have similar fertility rates but differ in their secondary school enrollment rates.
The world population growth peaked at ________% in the 1960s. -5.7 -1.2 -4.8 -2.1 -100
2.1
If a country has a growth rate of 2%, how long will it take to double its population? -350 years -25 years -100 years -35 years
35 years
________ is the world's most populous nation, home to ________ of the people living on Earth. -China; one-fifth -The United States; one-fifth -The United States; half -China; half -India; one-third
China; one-fifth
Based on the map, which area appears to have the lowest population density? -Southern Sweden -Northern Italy -Belgium -Western Germany -Northern United Kingdom
Northern United Kingdom
Based on a comparison of the age-structure pyramids, which of the following would likely be a higher priority in the Netherlands than in Niger? -providing childhood vaccinations -building new schools -providing long-term care for the elderly -providing prenatal care
providing long-term care for the elderly
Recent research suggests that ________ has/have contributed to the large drop in fertility rates in Brazil over the past several decades. -exposure to environmental estrogens -soap operas -AIDS and malaria -laws preventing women from having more than one child -legalization of abortions
soap operas
Which of the following factors drives TFR down? -high infant mortality -poverty -social security -history and tradition -rural lifestyle
social security
The Cucapá hope to negotiate a deal to get more water by talking to those in charge of the allotment. Who are they in discussions with? -the U.S. government -the Arizonan government -the Californian government -the Mexican governmen
the U.S. government
Look at the age-structure pyramids. The numbers between the bars (in the middle of the graphs) serve as the y-axis. What do these numbers represent? -the total population, in millions -the percentage of the population in each age class -the age classes, in 5-year ranges -the number of people born in a particular year -the population of males and females
the age classes, in 5-year ranges
What do the bars on the graphs represent? -birth rate or death rate for each age group -the number of males and females born in different years -the percentage of males and females in each age group -the number of males and females in each age group
the number of males and females in each age group
At what stage is the United States in the demographic transition model? -the industrial stage -the transitional stage -the preindustrial stage -the postindustrial stage -the stability transition stage
the postindustrial stage
You wish to decrease your harmful impact on the environment. Which of the following diets would likely be the best choice? -vegan -eating fish as your main protein source -eating mostly meat and dairy products -vegetarian
vegan
Which statement most accurately describes recent population control efforts in China? -Changing public attitudes about family size through communication, education, counseling, and contraceptives have reduced the population growth rates. -There is minimal governmental financial support for birth control for all couples. -A One-Child Policy that is enforced through taxation and penalties has successfully controlled population growth. -Increased child survival, elevated status and employment levels for women, and increased literacy in the general population have decreased fertility rates. -A One-Child Policy that requires all women to work and education for all have decreased fertility rates.
A One-Child Policy that is enforced through taxation and penalties has successfully controlled population growth.
The United States government commits to preserving the environment. Which of the following would likely push Earth Overshoot Day to the latest day of the year? -Decreasing soil erosion. -Increasing the use of renewable energy. -Encouraging citizens to change their diets. -A strong commitment to reducing carbon output.
A strong commitment to reducing carbon output.
How does the distribution of cities in Australia and New Zealand compare to the rest of the countries in the region? -The island nations' cities, which are mostly capitals, are removed from areas of high density, while Australia and New Zealand's cities are in population-dense areas. -The island nations in the region have similar urban geography to Australia and New Zealand: a handful of cities located on the coast. -Australia and New Zealand have interior cities whereas the rest of the islands' cities are on coasts. -Australia and New Zealand have multiple major cities, whereas the rest of the countries in the region tend to have just one large city
Australia and New Zealand have multiple major cities, whereas the rest of the countries in the region tend to have just one large city
Based on trends in TFR shown in the graph, in which country has the population control program been more effective in reducing human population growth since the early 1970s? -Thailand's population control program has been more effective than China's in reducing overall TFR since the early 1970s. -Both China and Thailand achieved similar success in reducing overall population growth, reaching about the same TFR by 2010. -Neither China nor Thailand achieved success in reducing overall population growth, based on TFR trends. -China's "one-child" policy has been more effective than Thailand's policies in reducing overall TFR since the early 1970s.
Both China and Thailand achieved similar success in reducing overall population growth, reaching about the same TFR by 2010.
A young Cucapá woman is interested in learning her people's history. What will she discover when it comes to why they have so little water? -The Cucapá were never consulted regarding the allotment. -The Cucapá were offered water, but only if they paid for it. -The Cucapá leaders at the time did not want any water. -The Mexican government did not recognize the Cucapá at the time of allotment, so they did not receive any water.
The Cucapá were never consulted regarding the allotment.
Which statement best explains how emissions of developing BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) compare to those of wealthy developed countries? -Brazil's CO2 and SO2 emissions are only slightly lower than those of the United States and Canada. -The developing BRICS countries have among the highest per capita CO2 emissions in the world. -While India's CO2 emissions are roughly equivalent to those of developed countries, its SO2 emissions are substantially lower than those of developed countries. -CO2 and SO2 emissions by Russia and South Africa are roughly on a par with those of countries like Canada, Germany, and Japan. -China has a higher per capita CO2 emission than Germany, the United States, and Canada, but a lower annual SO2 emission than those countries.
CO2 and SO2 emissions by Russia and South Africa are roughly on a par with those of countries like Canada, Germany, and Japan.
A geographer is investigating the claim, "the countries with more years of schooling have higher literacy rates." Which of the following comparisons from Sub-Saharan Africa could he use to refute the claim? -Central African Republic and Chad -Ethiopia and Sudan -Mauritania and Mali -Republic of the Congo and Gabon -Morocco and Algeria
Central African Republic and Chad
Because of the success of China's population control programs, ________. -European nations have instituted similar programs -there is a younger population in China today -African nations have instituted similar programs -China's population growth rate is much lower than it was in the 1970s -environmental problems in China have been virtually eliminated
China's population growth rate is much lower than it was in the 1970s
In which part of Europe are rates of natural increase the lowest? -Eastern Europe -Western Europe -Southern Europe -Northern Europe
Eastern Europe
In which country is a woman most likely to give birth to the highest number of children but the least likely to have attended secondary school? -Jamaica -South Africa -Cambodia -Ethiopia
Ethiopia
For both France and the United Kingdom, most international immigrants in 2015 originated from which region? -Oceania -South America -Europe -East Asia -Northern Africa
Europe
Which of the following descriptions of resources best explains why some African countries receive ODA amounting to more than 16% of GNI? -Rare high-value minerals such as chromium -High percentage of the world's proven oil reserves -Few to none low-value or high-value mineral resources -Gold and diamond mines, without any other mineral resources -Deposits of only common, low-value minerals such as iron
Few to none low-value or high-value mineral resources
Which of the following statements accurately describes countries with student-teacher ratios below 20 pupils per teacher? -Most countries with low student-teacher ratios are at least 50 percent urban. -All countries with low student-teacher ratios are over 80 percent urban. -All countries with low student-teacher ratio are in Europe. -Most countries with low student-teacher ratios are in Africa. -All countries with low student-teacher ratios have per capita incomes under $12,000.
Most countries with low student-teacher ratios are at least 50 percent urban
Which of the following areas in Central America has a high population density and areas of serious concern for soil erosion? -Guatemala -Nicaragua -Chihuahuan Desert -Yucatán Peninsula -Belize
Guatemala
Earth Overshoot Day is determined by the estimate of which of the following? -How long it takes one generation to use one year's worth of resources. -How long it takes humanity to use one year's worth of resources. -How long it takes an average individual to use one year's worth of resources. -How long it takes developed countries to use one year's worth of resources.
How long it takes humanity to use one year's worth of resources.
Which of these climate zones is associated with the areas of highest population density in Australia? -Humid subtropical, moist all year -Midlatitude cold desert -Tropical savanna -Tropical, subtropical hot steppe -Mediterranean
Humid subtropical, moist all year
Which of the following is an input to a given population? -demographic transition -Immigration -Emigration -Death
Immigration
If trends continue, which of the following will happen to Earth Overshoot Day? -It will not be estimated. -It will move to later in the year. -It will stay the same. -It will move to earlier in the year
It will move to earlier in the year
Which Southeast Asian island is the most densely populated? -Borneo -Halmahera -Sumatra -New Guinea -Java
Java
Which of the following statements accurately describes the distribution of cellular phones and televisions throughout the world? -Russia has more televisions per 1,000 people than Japan, but fewer cellular phone subscriptions. -All countries in Africa have fewer than 100 televisions and less than 400 cellular phone subscriptions per 1,000 people. -The number of cellular phone subscriptions and televisions per 1,000 is greater in Australia than in Saudi Arabia. -Many countries in South America have a lower rate of cellular phone subscriptions than Western Europe. -Mauritania has more cellular phone subscribers per 1,000 than the United States, but fewer televisions per 1,000 people.
Mauritania has more cellular phone subscribers per 1,000 than the United States, but fewer televisions per 1,000 people.
Which of the following is likely to get the most water from the Colorado river allotment as it is currently written? -The Cucapá -Mexican wastewater treatment facilities -Mexico City -Mexican farmers
Mexican farmers
Compare the GNI per capita, HDI, and gender maps and determine the relationship among these indicators for the world regions. -Most of the countries with a high human development index tend to have high GNIs and a high percentage of adult females with only a primary education. -Most of the countries in Latin America have high to very high HDI but the percentage of adult females with only a primary education is quite high. -In Southwest Asia and North African regions, a lot of countries show no data for gender education. However, using Qatar as an example, countries in this region are likely to have high to very high HDI which translates into low percentage of adult females with only a primary education. -Besides Australia, all countries with a high human development index are in the Northern Hemisphere.
Most of the countries in Latin America have high to very high HDI but the percentage of adult females with only a primary education is quite high.
What are the economic characteristics of former colonies? -Most of the former colonies of the United Kingdom and France have incomes that fall below $5,000 with a very high aid dependency. -Most of the former colonies of the United Kingdom and France have low incomes ranging between $5,000 and $10,000. -Both income and aid dependency for former colonies are generally low. -The former colonies of Portugal generally have better income than those of the Netherlands.
Most of the former colonies of the United Kingdom and France have incomes that fall below $5,000 with a very high aid dependency.
Which statement below is true about the global distribution of gross national income per capita? -Although generally poor, a few African countries fall within the highest income bracket. -Norway has the highest income and Central African Republic records the lowest income per capita. -Wealth as indicated by GNI per capita is concentrated exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere. -South Asian countries are generally richer than countries in East Asia.
Norway has the highest income and Central African Republic records the lowest income per capita.
Consider all the economic and social indicators. Should these trends continue over the next 25 years, what effect would this have on the socio-economic conditions of various countries in the world? -An infant in the Middle East/North African region is more likely to die than an infant in Sub-Saharan Africa. -A child from Central America is more likely to be orphaned than a child from South Asia. -Norway may be the richest nation, but may not have the highest life expectancy. -If you live in the United States, you are likely to live to see your 85th birthday. -All the rich countries will be concentrated in the North while the poor countries will be in the Southern Hemisphere.
Norway may be the richest nation, but may not have the highest life expectancy
If you wanted to study some of the oldest indigenous cultures in Australia and Oceania, to which of these islands would you likely travel? -Papua New Guinea -Hawaii -New Zealand -French Polynesia -Marshall Islands
Papua New Guinea
Which of the following statements is correct about the population distribution of South America? -Population densities are the lowest in northwestern South America. -Population densities are high in the Desierto de Atacama region of northern Chile. -Population densities in Brazil are highest along the coasts, especially along the southeastern coast. -Population densities are consistently high throughout the Amazon River basin. -Population densities are high in the Southern Andes mountains and in Patagonia.
Population densities in Brazil are highest along the coasts, especially along the southeastern coast.
The population policies of most nations are based on the Cornucopian view held by many economists. Under what idea do these policies operate? -Disease is a limiting factor of population growth, so impact on resources is ultimately minimal. -Population size must be kept low to prevent the damage caused by erosion, pollution, and loss of groundwater resources for agriculture. -Geologists have shown that Earth regenerates resources as fast as they are discovered and used. -Population growth is not a problem as long as resources can be replaced when depleted.
Population growth is not a problem as long as resources can be replaced when depleted.
Of the following, which provides the most complete picture of whether a population of humans grows, shrinks, or remains stable? -Carrying capacity -Rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration -Affluence and technology -Availability of medical procedures
Rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration
Which large country is currently experiencing zero or even negative population growth? -the United States -Canada -India -Russia
Russia
What is the pattern of infant and maternal mortality rates and how do these two indicators compare with life expectancy for these countries and regions? -Countries in South Asia have slightly higher life expectancies than those in South America. -Some countries with the highest maternal mortality and infant mortality rates include Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Sudan. -Developing countries such as Columbia, Ecuador, and Bolivia in South America have some of the highest infant mortality and maternal mortality rates. -None of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have a life expectancy of greater than 60 years.
Some countries with the highest maternal mortality and infant mortality rates include Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Sudan
Most Southeast Asian countries have total fertility rates well above the replacement level. One exception to this trend is the country of __________, where the total fertility rate is lower than replacement level. -Thailand -Philippines -Laos -Malaysia -Cambodia
Thailand
If trends continue, which of the following is most likely? -The Cucapá will have to find a new food source as sea bass are declining. -The Cucapá will be able to switch back to freshwater fish as they return to the delta. -The Cucapá will be able to sell sea bass as their numbers are increasing. -The Cucapá will have enough sea bass to sustain themselves.
The Cucapá will have to find a new food source as sea bass are declining.
The colors of the bars on the graphs indicate the life stage of the people in that age class. What does it mean if a bar is colored red? -The people in that age class are of reproductive age. -The people in that age class have not yet reached reproductive age. -The answer cannot be determined from the graphs. -The people in that age class are past reproductive age.
The people in that age class are past reproductive age.
Assuming that current trends continue, predict how the age structure of the Netherlands in 2034 will likely differ from that in 2014. -The proportion of the population made up of children (ages 0-15) will increase. -The proportion of the population made up of adults of reproductive age will increase. -The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase. -The answer cannot be determined from the graph.
The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase.
Which statement describes the effects of having a total fertility rate of 2.1? -The value means that the population is growing slowly, because 2.1 - 2.0 = +0.1. -The value represents the number of children born per person in a population. -At a total fertility rate of 2.1, the population will be shrinking. -The value means that two children plus a fraction to compensate for the death of offspring will replace the average male and female in the population.
The value means that two children plus a fraction to compensate for the death of offspring will replace the average male and female in the population.
Why are diseases such as AIDS, which reduce population density, undermining the ability of developing countries to make the transition to more modern, industrialized societies? -They are causing "demographic fatigue," which leaves these countries without a professional class. -They are removing only men from the population. -They are removing many of the youngest, most reproductively active members of society, limiting population growth. -They are removing older populations that are more likely to adopt new technologies.
They are causing "demographic fatigue," which leaves these countries without a professional class.
Which statement correctly describes the urban geography of Europe? -Urban populations seem to be concentrated in just one megacity in each country. -High urbanization rates are more common in geographically large countries compared to small ones. -High urbanization rates are more common in the eastern part of the region compared to the west. -Urban populations are likely distributed across multiple urban areas within one country
Urban populations are likely distributed across multiple urban areas within one country
