EVR Chapter 4

Which of the following is true regarding tamarisk beetles? Your uncle works for the Central Arizona Project. Levels of which of the following rivers will be of his highest concern? Why was the tamarisk tree brought to the United States? You are an Arizona landowner with questions regarding the tamarisk beetle introduction and wish to contact the federal agency in charge of the project that brought them to the U.S. Who should you contact? You live in Arizona and remove a stretch of tamarisk trees on your property. Which of the following should you do to best increase the chances of keeping the tree at bay?

They are moving through Arizona more quickly than predicted. Colorado River To help control soil erosion United States Department of Agriculture Plant native species in their place

________ terrestrial biome has the most biodiversity.

Tropical rainforest

What kind of relationship exists between multiple organisms who seek the same limited resource?

competition

The energy content and biomass of ________ is lowest in any food web.

top carnivores

How much energy is available to the third trophic level, a secondary consumer, if its prey in the second trophic level, a primary consumer, is only able to obtain 10% of the available energy of the first trophic level?

1%

In the year 2005 there were approximately ____ more sea otters in total than in 1985 If the actual increase in total sea otters was 1,400 individuals between 1985 and 2005, how many new sea otters were added to the population (on average) each year? Between the years of 1985 and 2005 the total number of sea otters: In 1991, scientist James Estes and his team observed a new trend of orcas preying on sea otters. Orcas normally prey on great whales, but those populations had been dramatically reduced by industrial whaling. Estes hypothesized that the decrease in the great whale population had caused orcas to turn to smaller prey -- sea otters. If this hypothesis is correct, predict what might happen to sea otter numbers if great whale population numbers increase. Regions with otters tend to host dense forests of kelp, a brown seaweed that anchors to the seafloor. Kelp forests provide a physical structure in which diverse marine communities find shelter and food. Sea otters prey on urchins, which consume kelp. According to James Estes, sea otter populations have dropped dramatically in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. If sea otter populations in these areas continue to decline, what might happen with populations of sea urchins and kelp?

1,400 70 Increased by approximately 100%. Sea otter populations would increase. sea urchins increase and kelp decreases.

In general, when one views a food chain, they can expect the biomass of herbivores (organisms that eat plants) in an ecosystem to be about _____ of the biomass of the plants and other photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem.

10%

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.

3. is incorrect- the right answer is before

This pyramid shows the ratio of organisms, energy content, and biomass at different trophic levels. Suppose that a system has 5000 grasshoppers. How many hawks would be expected? How is energy transferred from one trophic level to the next? Select all that apply.

50 parasitism , predation , herbivory

Which statement is an accurate description of a keystone species?

A keystone species that is a predator that control the herbivore populations, which in turn maintains the plant populations and keeps balance

Which continent contains the most desert shrub? Tundra is often present in relatively warm regions of South America and Asia. What factor or factors are chiefly responsible for the presence of tundra in these regions? Which climate type primarily borders arid lands (deserts)? Which of the climates listed would contain the LEAST amount of biodiversity? Subarctic climates contain primarily which type of vegetation?

Africa elevation and altitude semiarid ice cap coniferous forest

_____ are secondary consumers. Approximately _____% of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to the next highest trophic level. 10,000 kcal of producer could support approximately _____ kcal of tertiary consumer.

Carnivores 5-10 10

________ are typical primary consumers in a temperature deciduous forest.

Deer

Why do we classify lionfish populations near the eastern United States as an invasive species? What suggests that these new populations are not an expansion of the lionfish's natural range? Based upon what we are learning about the lionfish diet, what is most likely going to happen to Caribbean coral reefs invaded by lionfish? What characteristics of lionfish contribute to their ability to spread and become established in new areas? How did the fish biologists determine the diet of lionfish in the regions where the lionfish have invaded? Based upon what we are learning about invasive lionfish populations in the Caribbean and along the Atlantic coast of the United States, these lionfish populations __________.

Lionfish are native to the tropical Pacific. There are no natural water routes of warm water between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. ? A single lionfish female may produce up to 2 million eggs a year. The eggs float for up to a month, spreading the lionfish populations. Biologists examined the contents of the stomachs of lionfish caught in the wild. cannot be eliminated by any means currently known

How does predation differ from parasitism?

Parasites rarely kill their host, while predators kill their prey.

________ capture solar energy and use photosynthesis to produce sugars.

Producers

Which of the following organisms has a feeding pattern most similar to a bald eagle? A high concentration of eagles that spend several days in a small region is most likely the result of __________. What is occurring in the region around the Chilkat River in Alaska that allows chum salmon to spawn during the winter months? When many bald eagles are concentrated within a small region, their feeding behavior usually involves __________.

Vulture Concentrated food Thermal springs heat and break up the ice sharing prey and taking turns feeding on the same organism

Drag each description to the appropriate bin.

You sorted 2 out of 8 items incorrectly. In a −/− interaction, both species are negatively affected by the interaction. An example would be when squirrels and field mice both forage for oak acorns in the same forest. What is this type of interaction called?

Which of these is a starting point for primary succession? The first colonizing organisms during primary succession tend to be: Which one of the following is a general characteristic of plants that are early colonizers during primary succession?

a surface exposed by a retreating glacier lichens and mosses plants have wind-dispersed seeds

What does the red line on the graph represent? What do the blue bars on the graph represent? Which two months have the highest average temperature? What is the best description of the yearly temperature range shown by this graph? What is the best description of the pattern of precipitation shown by this graph? What is the best estimate of the total yearly precipitation in the region represented by this graph? What biome does this climatograph represent?

average temperature (C) monthly precipitation july and august Winters are cold and summers are hot. Precipitation is greatest in the spring and summer. 900 mm temperate grassland

This biome often features wildfires due to extensive dry seasons.

chaparral

Techniques to eradicate zebra mussels ________.

include introducing predators and diseases

Imagine a large state park near your home. Which of the following are probably the most crucial and essential part of that park's ecosystem? Imagine a square meter of leafy forest soil underneath an oak or maple tree. Which of the following is likely to exist within this patch of soil? After examining every single cell in your body, you would conclude that humans are made up mostly of __________. Which of the following are probably the most abundant but least understood of all forms of life on Earth?

insects All of the listed responses would be expected to occur within this patch of soil. bacterial cells bacteria

What kind of interaction occurs when two cardinals (birds of the same species) are trying to build a nest in the same tree?

intraspecific competition

Many wild orchids cannot be successfully dug up and transplanted because they need the native mycorrhizae (a fungus) in the soil to survive. What kind of interaction is this?

mutualism

What does the left y-axis of the graph represent? What does the blue graph line represent? After 20 years, what was the total number of bird species? In which year was the density of birds greatest? In which period did the number of species increase most rapidly? What factor is most likely to have caused the change in the number of bird species that occurred between years 30 and 60? Which of the following statements best describes the bird populations during the period from 100 to 160 years? The climax, or final stage, of old-field succession is an oak-hickory forest, which is usually well established after 160 years. What happens to the diversity of bird species after 160 years?

number of breeding pairs per 100 acres number of species 14 105 0-20 years increasing number of bird habitats The number of species slowly increased, while the number of breeding pairs reached a peak and then slowly declined. The answer cannot be determined from this graph

Secondary succession ________.

occurs after fire or flood

Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in our atmosphere. Measurable warming of Earth due to these greenhouse gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can lower levels of sea ice and increase precipitation in arctic areas. Global warming also can increases sea surface temperatures, which can subsequently melt permafrost in the tundra and increase the intensity of hurricanes in vulnerable areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species "out-of-sync," potentially causing indirect loss of species. If the climate warms significantly, tundra permafrost may melt, exposing underlying rock. This may next lead to ________ in the community.

primary succession

In an ecosystem, phytoplankton are _____. An earthworm that feeds on the remains of plants and animals is acting as a _____. When a human eats a steak, the human is acting as a _____. A cow eating grass is an example of a _____. A seal that just ate a clam is eaten by a shark. The shark is acting as a _____.

producers detritivore secondary consumer primary consumer tertiary consumer

Two species of lizard live on the same tree and consume the same sorts of food. Regardless, neither species is in direct competition with the other. The key to this scenario is that one of the species is nocturnal; the other is diurnal. What is this called?

resource partitioning

Use the figure above to answer the following question. Chaparral has a climate most similar to ________.

savanna

Zooplankton-eating fish are ________.

secondary consumers

Microbes in our digestive tract that help us digest food demonstrate a ________ association.

symbiotic

Which of the following biomes has the most annual rainfall?

temperate rainforest

What are the two major factors determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes? Which of these biomes is characterized by little rainfall? Which of these is the largest terrestrial biome on Earth? Which biome is characterized by an extensive canopy that allows little light to penetrate to the ground and by the presence of epiphytes? Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?

temperature and rainfall desert coniferous forest tropical rain forest tundra

Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in our atmosphere. Measurable warming of Earth due to these greenhouse gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can lower levels of sea ice and increase precipitation in arctic areas. Global warming also can increases sea surface temperatures, which can subsequently melt permafrost in the tundra and increase the intensity of hurricanes in vulnerable areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species "out-of-sync," potentially causing indirect loss of species. Some models of climate change for North America predict that the grassland regions of the prairie states will become warmer and dryer. This would result in ________.

the need to develop varieties of agricultural crops that tolerate desert conditions