Exam 1

Cubism

Extremely influential movement Developed primarily by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque Cubism begins around 1907 and ends around 1919 influences almost every artist in some way

Futurism1909-16 Centered in Italy Manifesto written by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (an Italian poet) . FUTURISM IN ITALY (1909-16) stress speed, dynamism of modern age; celebration of modern technology (car, telephone, dirigible, the cinema); rejection of all things old, of the past; focus on the present and the future; Futurist Manifesto: Marinetti challenged artists to show "courage, audacity, and revolt," and to celebrate "a new beauty, the beauty of speed." "We shall sing the love of danger, the habit of energy, boldness . . . We declare that the world's splendor has been enriched by a new beauty: the beauty of speed. A racing automobile, its hood adorned with great pipes like snakes with explosive breath . . . a roaring automobile, which seems to run like a machine-gun, is more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace."

Futurism/ Futurist Manifesto:

Kandinsky and Music Kandinsky was an accomplished musician, -he once said, "Color is the keyboard, the eyes are the harmonies, the soul is the piano with many strings. The artist is the hand that plays, touching one key or another, to cause vibrations in the soul." Kandinsky admired way music can convey feeling apart from literal or objective reference; -he claimed when he saw color he heard music; Between 1910 and 1914 Kandinsky created a series of abstract paintings, variously entitled impressions, improvisations, and compositions (all musical terms); -impersonal titles, yet works meant to express spiritual aspects, emotion; -expression by nonobjective means; Kandinsky friend of and influenced by Arnold Schoenberg, composer of atonal music Atonal example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPh9YOG776E

Kandinsky and Music

Centered in Russia Kazimir Malevich Russian, 1878-1935 Supreme statement through minimal form (nonobjective, without subject matter); Malevich's definition of Suprematism: "The supremacy of pure feeling in creative art." Elimination of subject matter; like Kandinsky, saw nonobjective art as better than representational art; nonobjective art the "supreme" art; Art "must leave behind all dependence on motif."—Malevich Malevich claimed that he produced a "black square on a white field" in 1913 (more likely 1915)

Suprematism

From: http://www.alma-mahler.at/engl/almas_life/puppet.html In July I9I8 Oskar Kokoschka ordered a life-size doll from the Munich doll-maker Hermine Moos as a substitute for his lost love. It was to be made to look exactly like Alma Mahler. On July 22 he already returned a model of the head, having checked it and made suggestions as to how the work should proceed. "If you are able to carry out this task as I would wish, to deceive me with such magic that when I see it and touch it imagine that I have the woman of my dreams in front of me, then dear Fräulein Moos, I will be eternally indebted to your skills of invention and your womanly sensitivity as you may already have deduced from the discussion we had." Kokoschka's letter to Hermine Moos Study for "Woman in blue" (1919) left: Kokoschka's letter to Hermine Moos right: Study for "Woman in blue" (1919) The doll was not finished until the second half of February 1919. On February 22 Kokoschka asked to have the doll sent to him. The ensuing disappointment was huge. The doll could scarcely fulfil Kokoschka's erotic and sexual desires and in the end became no more than a kind of still-life model. The artist then took the place of the unhappy lover and by means of a painterly (and graphic) metamorphosis of the doll he breathed new life into Alma as a "figure of art". "Devotion" (1918) Hermine Moos with the puppet left: "Devotion" (1918) right: Hermine Moos with the puppet When Kokoschka was questioned on the matter of his fetish in I93I/32, he came straight to the point: "Finally, after I had drawn it and painted it over and over again, I decided to do away with it. It had managed to cure me completely of my Passion. So I gave a big champagne Party with chamber music, during which my maid Hulda exhibited the doll in all its beautiful clothes for the last time. When dawn broke - I was quite drunk, as was everyone else - I beheaded it out in the garden and broke a bottle-of red wine over its head." ... read more about "The Puppet" Die Alma Puppe Above: The Puppet Right: Oskar Kokoschka: Girl with Doll (1921/22) Reserl Kokoschka

alma Mahler

Fauvism

c. 1905-06 means wild beasts term came from a critic that went to a show and said it looks like donatello surrounded by wild beasts wild brush strokes bright colors