Exam 1
When a sound is straight ahead of you, it _______. A. sounds equally loud in both ears B. reaches both ears at the same time C. has the same waveform in each ear D. all of the above
all of the above
The technical term for a score that is much higher or lower than the typical responses, and might produce a misleading interpretation of the data set, is __________.
an outlier
Nobel prize winner Daniel Kahneman refers to intuitive thinking as System 1. What type of thinking does Kahneman refer to as System 2?
analytical
Assuming that something is true simply because a teacher or religious authority said it is so, is an example of the __________ fallacy.
appeal to authority
The idea of placing a third brake light at the base of a car's back windshield and changing the color of fire engines from red to yellow are examples of __________.
applied psychological research
The cases of facilitated communication and lobotomies demonstrate that good research design is important because intelligent, well-trained people __________.
can be swayed into believing that a treatment is effective when it is not
The trichromat:
can see all colors of the spectrum
Dr. Sardonicus is designing a case study in order to demonstrate that a particular psychological phenomenon actually happens. Case studies can be useful in providing this kind of demonstration, also known as __________.
existence proof
If explanation of the causes of thoughts, feelings, and behavior is a psychologist's goal, then the __________ method of research should be used.
experimental
The only research designs that allow us the possibility of drawing cause-and-effect inferences are __________.
experimental designs
A scientist, conducting a research study on sleep and learning, questions her own objectivity and decides to let a third person, not associated with conducting the experiment, score the tests. The scientist is probably trying to eliminate __________.
experimenter bias
Expectations by the experimenter that might influence the results of an experiment or their interpretation are called __________.
experimenter bias
The process of establishing causal relationships is associated most with:
experiments
To obtain objective information, researchers sometimes must deceive their subjects. Ethically, research involving deception must always _________.
explain the deception to the subjects after the data are collected and obtain their informed consent to use the information obtained
Dr. Frohardt is a psychology professor who has been asked to explain what all people will look at first when they view photographs of dangerous animals. Dr. Frohardt will find this task difficult because __________.
eye-tracking studies show differences between cultures when inspecting visual materials
Some pictures are intentionally designed so that one can see two different images in the same picture. This is called ______.
figure-ground reversal
When people are nearsighted, this most likely means that their eye:
focuses light in front of the retina
A __________ psychologist works in prisons, jails, and other settings to assess inmates and assist in rehabilitation.
forensic
The depressed spot in the retina which occupies the center of the visual field in which images are focused MOST sharply is called the:
fovea
Nodes of Ranvier are:
gaps in the myelin sheath
The myelin sheath:
helps to speed up transmission of neural messages
The extent to which genes contribute to differences in a trait among a group of individuals is known as __________.
heritability
A mental shortcut or general "rule of thumb" is referred to as a(n) __________ by psychologists.
heuristic
Because carefully controlled studies generate more trustworthy results, the high internal validity of these studies can lead to __________.
high external validity
The place theory and the frequency theory help to explain _______.
how a wide range of frequencies is heard by the ear
Eating, drinking, sexual behavior, temperature control, and sleeping are strongly influenced by the
hypothalamus
One primary purpose of sending research articles to peer reviewers prior to publication is to __________.
identify flaws in the research
When we perceive a reliable association between two events (although none exists), such as the presence of rainy weather and arthritis flare-ups, we are experiencing the phenomenon called __________.
illusory correlation
The theoretical framework of psychology known as structuralism had two major problems. One was that highly trained introspectionists often disagreed on subjective reports. The other was the discovery of __________.
imageless thought
In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The manipulated variable is called the __________.
independent variable
The purpose of an experiment is to discover whether there is a relationship between the ___________ and the ___________.
independent variable; dependent variable
The APA Ethical Principles for Human Research state: "A contact [person] who can answer questions about the research and the participant's rights should be provided." This statement is most relevant in which of the following aspects of ethical research?
informed consent
Which ethical procedure is being followed when researchers let test subjects know what they are likely to encounter during an experiment before the subjects agree to participate?
informed consent
Which group at every major American research college and university reviews all research carefully to protect participants against abuses?
institutional review board
The purpose of the myelin sheath is to _________.
insulate the neuron so it can act more efficiently
Keeping responses anonymous helps researchers avoid the ethical problem of _______.
invasion of privacy
Research involving animals can generate strong, often negative, feelings among people. This is especially so when the research involves __________ procedures that cause physical harm to the animals.
invasive
If you examine the research that has been conducted in psychology, you will find that much of the knowledge from popular, less-scientific psychology sources __________.
is contradicted by what psychological research has demonstrated
When a person is nearsighted, this most likely means that their eye _______.
is elongated
According to David Hume, an eighteenth-century Scottish philosopher, the more a claim contradicts what we already know, the more __________ must be the evidence for the claim.
persuasive
The period in which the neuron begins to pump sodium ions out of the cell and can only fire if the incoming message is extremely powerful is called the
relative refractory period
Because religious concepts cannot be tested scientifically, we should consider that __________.
science and religion are nonoverlapping realms of understanding the world
Frequency theory proposes that:
the frequency of the vibrations of the basilar membrane is translated into an equivalent frequency of nerve impulses.
Science writer Michael Shermer coined the termed "patternicity" to refer to __________.
the human tendency to see patterns in meaningless data
The corpus callosum:
connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres
The __________ gland is sometimes called the emergency center of the body.
adrenal
The three parts of every neuron are:
- dendrite - cell body -axon
The audible range of frequencies for human beings is _______ cycles per second.
20-20,000
The human brain contains somewhere between __________ and __________ neurons.
10 billion; 100 billion
There are approximately _________ neurons in the brain of an average human being.
100 billion
When a researcher tests his or her hypothesis, he or she is often hoping to gather information that is consistent with a particular theory. What, more specifically, allows a researcher to say that he or she has "proven" a theory?
Any time a hypothesis confirms one theory and simultaneously disconfirms all other known theories, a theory has been "proven."
Which of the following psychologists would be most likely to argue that free will is something that does not truly exist, and that we are simply unaware of the environmental influences that affect our behaviors at any given moment?
B.F. Skinner
When evaluating a story about psychology research, we should generally place more confidence in a reputable science journal than a popular magazine. Which phrase encapsulates that idea?
Consider the source.
Students of psychology are often frustrated because there are very few, if any, clear-cut answers to many of their questions. What is the primary limiting factor in obtaining firsthand knowledge of questions such as the long-term effects of child abuse or the effects of smoking marijuana on a pregnancy?
Ethical guidelines in research prevent psychologists from carrying out many of these studies.
Which Nobel Prize-winning psychologist proposed the idea that there are two different types of thinking systems, one that works intuitively and another that works analytically?
Kahneman
Why do most individuals on both sides of the animal rights debate believe that it is a bad idea for animal activists to release captive laboratory animals?
Many of the animals die shortly after being released.
The area in the back of the temporal lobe that is important in our ability to listen and in processing and understanding what others are saying is __________.
Wernicke's area
The distance cue in which faraway objects appear to be hazy and have a blurred outline is called _______.
aerial perspective
If perceptual information aiding in depth perception must be drawn simultaneously from both eyes, it is referred to as _______.
a binocular cue
Manipulating an independent variable in a real-life setting is ________.
a field experiment
The idea that we can dismiss scientific theories (such as Darwinian evolution) from serious consideration because a theory "is just an educated guess" is __________.
a misconception
Sherri wants to design a self-report measure for her study of personality traits, but she knows she should be concerned that respondents might distort their answers, especially to paint themselves in a positive light. This tendency is known as __________.
a response set
Professor Clark gives her students an assignment to develop hypotheses on global warming. To be consistent with a scientific method, students should develop their hypotheses based on __________.
a well-supported scientific theory
Of the 3,500 or so self-help books published every year, what percentage are scientifically tested?
about 5 percent
Dr. Delmar wants to determine how loud a certain noise must be in order for it to be heard from a distance of 50 feet. Her question involves the concept of:
absolute threshold
When Ann went to her doctor, he gave her a hearing test. During the test, the doctor presented tones to Ann through earphones. The tones varied only along the loud-soft dimensions (from very loud to very soft). The doctor asked Ann to raise her hand whenever she heard a sound. The doctor was testing Ann's _______.
absolute threshold
Changing the shape of the lens to focus on objects near or far is called __________.
accommodation
Twin and adoption studies addressing the nature-nurture debate are typically conducted by __________.
behavior geneticists
Because none of us wants to believe we are wrong, we are usually reluctant to give up cherished notions. This phenomenon is known as __________.
belief perseverance
A sample that does not truly represent the population in question is known as a _____________ sample.
biased
Which type of information helps with depth perception?
binocular
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures changes in __________, which indirectly indicate neural activity.
blood oxygen levels
The opponent-process theory of color vision contends that color vision is a result of:
calculation of differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells
Axons:
carry messages away from the cell body
A research method in which the real-life behavior of a pre-selected person or a group is studied at an in-depth level for some time through the use of observation, interviews, and writings (such as letters) is the _____________ method of research.
case study
Sarah, a graduate student in psychology, just heard about a five-year-old child who has already learned calculus. She is thinking about doing an in-depth study of the child for her dissertation because such early-life math skill is so rare. Sarah is considering which research method?
case study
If a subject in a perception study were listening to sounds and asked to assign one of a provided set of numbers to match to each sound's intensity, the method being used to measure the psychophysical function is _________.
category judgment
Sensory information comes into which part of the two-way nervous system "superhighway"?
central nervous system
Which term refers to the type of descriptive statistic that tells us where the scores tend to cluster in a set of measurements?
central tendency
A young woman recovering from a blow to her head finds she has great difficulty maintaining her balance and coordinating her movements. Injury to which part of her brain is likely to be causing her difficulties?
cerebellum
The structure in the hindbrain that controls certain reflexes and coordinates the body's movements is the __________.
cerebellum
The part of our brain that MOST makes us human is the:
cerebral cortex
The _______ looks like two wrinkled hemispheres.
cerebrum
Naturalistic observation can be problematic if people realize they are being observed. This is because they might __________.
change their behavior
Nico is meeting with his academic advisor. He wishes to pursue a career where he'll work to diagnose and treat mental disorders. Nico aspires to be a(n) __________ psychologist.
clinical
Which type of psychologist is most likely to work with patients who have serious mental disorders such as major depression?
clinical psychologist
A classmate tells you the following: "It's not how a teacher answers your question that matters, but how you interpret his or her attempt at answering your question that leaves you satisfied or unsatisfied with his or her answer." This statement fits most closely with ideas from the school of thought known as __________.
cognitivism
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields to measure the release of energy from water in biological tissues. MRI is better than __________ for detecting soft tissues, such as brain tumors.
computed tomography (CT)
The eyes detect different colors by using the _______.
cones
A psychologist wanted to see if people are more prone to seek the company of others when anxious than when calm. He randomly assigned half of his subjects to an anxiety group and then told them that, as part of the study, they would receive electric shocks. He did not frighten the other group of subjects. Finally, he recorded how many subjects in each group chose to be "tested" in a group setting and how many chose to be "tested" alone. In this study, the group that was NOT frightened would be called the ____________ group.
control
In a controlled experiment, the group not subjected to a change in the independent variable, and used for comparison with the group receiving the experimental change, is the __________ group.
control
The cerebellum __________.
coordinates actions so that movements are efficient
The bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the:
corpus callosum
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex is the _________.
corpus callosum
Your friend is an emergency room nurse. He tells you the ER is always busier when there is a full moon; he claims it is because unstable people are more affected by the moon's gravitational pull. To evaluate his claim, you should understand that __________.
correlation is not causation
The easiest way to determine if two variables are associated with one another is to use a(n) __________ research design.
correlational
An individual with a "split brain": a. will most likely die b. will probably become schizophrenic c. will probably develop a split personality d. none of the above
d. none of the above
Although alcohol does not actually kill brain cells, it does cause brain shrinkage and can destroy
dendrites
The variable that an experimenter assesses or measures to determine whether or not the manipulation has had an effect is the __________ variable.
dependent
A researcher, based on her review of relevant scientific studies, believes that there is a relationship between the frequency of a baby's crying and whether it was nursed at set intervals or on a demand schedule. If this belief were tested by experimentally manipulating feeding schedules, frequency of crying would be called the:
dependent variable
An experiment was run in which group A was given 3 minutes to study a word list, while group B was given 10 minutes to study the same list. Later, both groups were asked to recall words from the list. In this study, the number of words recalled is the _______.
dependent variable
In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The second variable, which is observed for any possible effects, is called the __________.
dependent variable
Questions such as, "What is the average level of extraversion in this sample?" call for the use of which kind of statistics?
descriptive
Which of the following is one of the two types of statistics that researchers use to analyze the data that they collect?
descriptive statistics
British philosopher John Locke stood on the nurture side of the nature-nurture debate, comparing the mind of a newborn to a sheet of paper that had yet to be written on. Others later used which term to describe the same idea?
determinism (tabula rasa)
You meet a psychologist who tells you that she conducts research on children to determine how their cognitive processes differ as the child gets older. You recognize that this person is most likely a(n) __________.
developmental psychologist
If a researcher wanted to know how loudly a person must speak in order to be heard above the noise of two other simultaneous conversations, the researcher would likely measure the ________ .
difference threshold
If the heritability of a particular trait is found to be 60 percent, then by definition the other 40 percent is due to __________.
differences in the individual's enviroment
Everyone is asleep but you. You turn down the television set's volume until you can just barely hear it. What method of measuring a sensory threshold are you using?
method of adjustment
An object's elevation is a perspective cue to _______.
distance
Which term describes a curved line on a graph that can be bell shaped, negatively skewed, or positively skewed?
distribution curve
Experimenter bias can best be controlled using ________.
double-blind control
The __________ system is made up of glands which release hormones into the bloodstream.
endocrine
The thyroid and pituitary glands are part of our _________ system.
endocrine
Evolutionary psychology has been criticized because __________.
its predictions are difficult to falsify
Texture gradient refers to the fact that texture appears to become _______.
less detailed in the distance
A psychologist wanted to see if people are more prone to seek the company of others when anxious than when calm. He randomly assigned half of his subjects to an anxiety group and then told them that, as part of the study, they would receive electric shocks. He did not frighten the other group of subjects. Finally, he recorded how many subjects in each group chose to be "tested" in a group setting and how many chose to be "tested" alone. What was the independent variable in this study?
level of anxiety
As a discipline, psychology spans multiple __________, which can be thought of as the rungs on a ladder.
levels of anaylsis
The distance cue in which two parallel lines extend into the distance and seem to come together at one point is called __________.
linear perspective
Which of the following is NOT a perceptual constancy?
linear perspective
The hormone testosterone is found in __________.
males and females
The two ingredients that make a research study an experiment are 1) random assignment of participants to conditions, and 2) __________.
manipulation of an independent variable
When a politician makes the statement that the average tax return will be $5,000 for citizens of her state, we should be suspicious of her statistics. It would be more meaningful to report the __________ as a measure of central tendency.
median or mode
"Single-eye vision is to _______ as double-eye vision is to _______."
monocular; binocular
How blurry-looking an object appears and linear perspective are cues associated with _______ depth perception.
monolcular
Kayla and Layla are twins who were separated at birth. A researcher interested in studying heredity tracks them down and speaks to their different families about the benefits that can be achieved by studying the two young girls. The girls and their different sets of parents agree to participate, and studies begin assessing various areas of the girls' lives. In order for this type of twin study to be most effective, what kind of twins should Kayla and Layla be?
monozygotic
When you look out the window of a car that is traveling 60 mph, objects at different locations appear to move in different directions and different speeds. This apparent motion is known as:
motion parallax
While riding on a train, David notices that the trees and telephone poles close to the tracks seem to flash by, while the buildings, trees, and mountains that are farther away seem to move by more slowly. This phenomenon is called_____________.
motion parallax
In an experiment on the effects of level of motivation on the performance of typists, the researcher randomly assigned one third of her subjects to each of three levels of motivation (and then induced different levels of motivation in the three groups). She measured the average words typed per minute by each group, and found that performance was highest under medium motivation, average under low motivation, and worst under high motivation. What was the independent variable in this experiment?
motivation
Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain, resulting in paralysis of her left arm. What part of Marta's brain was injured?
motor cortex
According to __________ theory, memories are initially stored at multiple sites. Over time, storage strengthens at some sites, but weakens at others.
multiple trace
Which term describes the common sense belief that we see the world as it really is?
naive realism
Collecting objective data without interference in the subject's normal environment is associated with ________.
naturalistic observation
If we want to study people's actual behavior "in the wild" without them being influenced by the researcher, we can use __________.
naturalistic observation
Billy acted out in class and made poor grades. After a vision screening at the school, Billy's teacher moved him to the front of the class. Billy's academic and social behaviors improved. Billy probably has which vision problem?
nearsightedness
The trichromatic receptor theory explains how different color receptors in the eye combine to produce color vision. However, this theory does NOT explain:
negative afterimages
The brain is part of the:
nervous system
The smallest unit in the nervous system is the _________.
neuron
The basic message-carrying cells of the nervous system are labeled:
neurons
Endorphins are a type of __________, short strings of amino acids that are narrowly targeted to perform a specific job. For instance, endorphins specialize in reducing pain.
neuropeptide
The problem of subjects knowing too much about the sequencing of intensities during sensation studies is overcome by the method of _______. A. adjustment B. limits C. constant stimuli D. none of the above
none of the above
Sound waves can be "seen" by using an _______.
oscilloscope
During an experiment investigating the effects of hormones on behavior, men who were exposed to a certain chemical in a nasal spray were more likely to give money to a team partner during a risky investment game. That chemical was __________.
oxytocin
Taste buds are contained in the tongue's _______.
papillae
Corey was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. She now has difficulty maintaining her balance and normal body positions. Her sense of touch has also been injured. The part of her brain most likely injured was her ___________.
parietal lobe
The part of the brain that receives sensations of touch, balance, bodily position, and oversees spatial abilities is the __________.
parietal lobe
The fact that many people, when looking at the moon that orbits Earth, see a face (commonly called "the man in the moon") can be explained by the phenomenon of __________.
patternicity
A mechanism by which experts in a field carefully screen the work of their colleagues is known as __________.
peer review
The process of soliciting feedback from qualified experts in a research area prior to publishing the results of a research study is called __________.
peer review
Experiencing MEANINGFUL patterns in the jumble of sensory information received by the brain is _______.
perception
Whether you are standing right next to it or a mile away from it, you know a tree is the same size because of _______.
perceptual constancy
The outer ear is also known as the __________.
pinna
A large group of people whom you want to know about is called a __________.
population
After carefully observing thousands of students, Dr. O'Brien revealed to his colleagues that students with brown eyes are statistically more likely to write with pens instead of pencils. Although his colleagues did not question his statistics, they did suggest that a finding such as this lacked __________.
practical significance
A psychologist wanted to see if people are more prone to seek the company of others when anxious than when calm. He randomly assigned half of his subjects to an anxiety group and then told them that, as part of the study, they would receive electric shocks. He did not frighten the other group of subjects. Finally, he recorded how many subjects in each group chose to be "tested" in a group setting and how many chose to be "tested" alone. What was the dependent variable in this study?
preference for being alone or in a group
What sensations are detected by the skin?
pressure, pain, warmth, and cold
Despite its dangers, a young man continues to take cocaine because of the feeling of euphoria it produces for him. This powerful arousal of his nervous system is probably due to cocaine's ability to:
prevent neurotransmitters from being reabsorbed into the synaptic vesicles
An emergency room physician must quickly treat a patient who has been bitten by a black widow spider. The physician knows she must:
prevent the buildup of acetylcholine in the patient's nervous system
Red, green, and blue are _______.
primary colors
Media reports have a tendency to try to present two opposing sides of an issue as though both sides were equally valid. What is this tendency called?
pseudosymmetry
Just as behaviorism was gaining popularity in the United States, Sigmund Freud was founding a new field of psychology, one that focused on internal psychological processes such as unconscious impulses, thoughts, and memories. This approach is called __________.
psychoanalysis
Megan wanted to get a measure of the amount of variability in her set of data, so she subtracted the lowest score from the highest score. Megan computed the __________.
range
The components in the sense organs that respond to energy are called _______.
receptor cells
The outgoing behavior of other people can make an extraverted person act even more extraverted. Bandura called this mutual influence on one another's behavior __________.
reciprocal determinism
Endorphins
reduce pain messages in the brain
The hemisphere of the brain that acts as an interpreter, helping us with sequencing and logic is the
right
Laurie told her friend Sandi, "I had a headache this morning so I used an old family cure: Three sips of ginger ale, and an hour later my head felt better." Sandi replied, "I am glad you are feeling more comfortable now, but maybe the sheer passage of time made your headache go away." Sandi is offering a(n) __________ in response to Laurie's explanation.
rival hypothesis
Light receptors which see best at night are the _______.
rods
A subset of cases selected from a larger population is a __________.
sample
You are reading an article in a psychology journal that has an accompanying, two-dimensional graph with dots representing data from individual people. This is called a __________.
scatterplot
Dr. Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a competing theory. After conducting the appropriate statistical tests, he finds that the data are better explained by the competing theory. His willingness to accept the evidence that another theory is superior is a characteristic of __________.
scientific skepticism
For humans, the ability to _______ is probably the most important sense.
see
Questionnaires fall into which category of measurement tools?
self-report measures
The purpose of a control group in an experiment is to:
serve as a check on the interpretation of results.
In the figure above, seeing rows of 0s and rows of Xs illustrates the Gestalt law of ______.
similarity
Perrone's result, using a rigid box moving away from the observer, suggests that the contraction of the retinal image causes the observer to perceive that the box was moving away and getting smaller. The perception of the box getting smaller SEEMS to violate which of the following?
size constancy
The physical stimuli for the sense of hearing are called __________ waves.
sound
The brain is connected to the rest of the body via the:
spinal cord
Almost all research done in psychology is analyzed _______.
statistically
Almost all research done in psychology is analyzed ________.
statistically
Mark Twain referred to three kinds of untruths: "Lies, damned lies, and statistics," because __________.
statistics sometimes can be used to mislead people
Detecting "environmental stimulation" is one way to define ______.
stimuation
Even though a motion picture actually consists of a series of still frames, we perceive them conveying continuous movement. This is an example of __________.
stroboscopic motion
E.B. Titchener was a leading figure in which framework of psychology, which advocated the use of introspection to identify basic elements of experience? Selected Answer: structuralismAnswers: structuralismfunctionalismcognitivismpsychoanalysis
structuralism
As part of an assignment, Bill's class was asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire on sexual discrimination. Which research method was Bill's professor using?
survey
As part of an assignment, Rick's class was asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire on female sexual harassment. Which research method was Bill's professor using?
survey
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for quick action in an emergency is the __________ division.
sympathetic
The nervous system called the "fight or flight" system is the _______ system.
sympathetic
As neurotransmitters exit the sending axon and before passing into the receiving dendrite, they must pass through the __________.
synaptic cleft
Jerry is asked to estimate which is more common in the English language: Words that end in "ing" or words that have "-n-" as the second-to-last letter. He mentally recites many examples of the first category ("running," "jumping," "flying," "talking") but can only think of a few examples of the second category ("sink," "nine"). He judges that "ing" endings are more common, which of course is incorrect. (All words that end in "ing" also have "n" as the second-to-last letter; the addition of words that do not have an "i" and a "g" on either side of the "n" makes that second group larger.) After all this hubbub, it is clear that Jerry relied on __________ to reach his conclusion.
system 1 thinking
The brain's "relay station" is the _______.
thalamus
What shameful experiment was conducted over the course of 40 years to determine what would happen if syphilis was left to run its course in unsuspecting "subjects" (at a time when a cure for the disease was already available)?
the Tuskegee study
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for:
the activity of internal organs and glands
Physiological psychologists study __________.
the biological basis for human behavior
A central issue in considering medical and psychological research using animals is balancing the advances gained through such experimentation against __________.
the costs in death and suffering they produce for the test subjects
A researcher tests the hypothesis that students who study in the room where they take their tests will perform better on the tests than students who study in other rooms. She requires one group to study in the classroom where the exam is given and another group to study in the library. All students take the test in the classroom, and their test performance is compared. In this example, test performance is:
the dependent variable
The system that relays messages in the form of electrochemical impulses throughout the body is called __________.
the nervous system
The left cerebral hemisphere primarily controls:
the right side of the body
Psychologists use research techniques based on __________.
the scientific method
The part of the brain which controls hearing, does some additional processing of visual information, and is probably the site of permanent memory storage is __________.
the temporal lobe
Which of the following is an example of a monocular cue?
the trees in a forest converging in the distance
What is the purpose of an institutional review board?
to help protect research participants from abuse
In thinking of the multiple levels of analysis in psychology, the neurochemical level is considered to be __________ because this level is more closely tied to biological influences.
toward the lower end of the ladder
Some main warning signs of pseudoscientific claims include overreliance on anecdotes, exaggerated claims, absence of connectivity to other research, lack of peer review, and __________.
use of scientific-sounding terms that make little sense
Alice is looking for an effective diet program. She is able to evaluate the claims of competing programs in an open-minded and careful fashion by __________, the hallmark of scientific skepticism.
using her critical thinking skills
The authors accept the philosophical belief that science is __________; that is, neither good nor bad in itself.
value-neutral
Jane jumps out of bed to the sound of the alarm clock. As she reaches her feet, she feels very dizzy for a few seconds. As her system readjusts to her standing, she begins to regain her sense of balance. The source of Jane's dizziness is probably in the:
vestibular senses
The ability to discern fine details in visual patterns is termed:
visual acuity
In which situation would presenting the mean as one's measure of central tendency be least accurate?
when the distribution is negatively skewed