Exam 1

What does Gore-tex do to foster creativity

3 things to foster creativity: The Power of Small Teams No Ranks, Titles, or Bosses Take the Long View Make Time for Face Time Lead by Leading Celebrate Failure

Kotter's 8 Steps to Change

CREATE A SENSE OF URGENCY Help others see the need for change through a bold, aspirational opportunity statement that communicates the importance of acting immediately. BUILD A GUIDING COALITION A volunteer army needs a coalition of effective people - born of its own ranks - to guide it, coordinate it, and communicate its activities. FORM A STRATEGIC VISION AND INITIATIVES Clarify how the future will be different from the past and how you can make that future a reality through initiatives linked directly to the vision. ENLIST A VOLUNTEER ARMY Large-scale change can only occur when massive numbers of people rally around a common opportunity. They must be bought-in and urgent to drive change - moving in the same direction. ENABLE ACTION BY REMOVING BARRIERS Removing barriers such as inefficient processes and hierarchies provides the freedom necessary to work across silos and generate real impact. GENERATE SHORT-TERM WINS Wins are the molecules of results. They must be recognized, collected and communicated - early and often - to track progress and energize volunteers to persist. SUSTAIN ACCELERATION Press harder after the first successes. Your increasing credibility can improve systems, structures and policies. Be relentless with initiating change after change until the vision is a reality. INSTITUTE CHANGE Articulate the connections between the new behaviors and organizational success, making sure they continue until they become strong enough to replace old habits.

List and describe 3 things you can do as a manager to foster creativity:

Challenge: Of all the things man- agers can do to stimulate creativity, perhaps the most efficacious is the deceptively simple task of matching people with the right assignments. Freedom: People will be more creative if you give them freedom to decide how to climb a particular mountain. You needn't let them choose which mountain to climb. In fact, clearly specified strategic goals often enhance people's creativity. - giving people autonomy Resources: The two main resources that affect creativity are time and money. Managers need to allot these resources carefully. Work-group features: you must create mutually supportive groups with a diversity of perspectives and backgrounds. Supervisory encouragement: Not every new idea is worthy of consideration, of course, but in many organizations, managers habitually demonstrate a reaction that damages creativity. - praise for creative efforts Organizational support: Encouragement from supervisors certainly fosters creativity, hut creativity is truly enhanced when the entire organization supports it.

What are some ways to manage/foster creativity

Creative idea generation does not appear to be common for most individuals in organizations. The available evidence supports the notion that creativity is supported by positive role modeling, by positive, non-controlling feedback behavior, by employee perceptions that creativity is valued, and by goal setting associated with creativity. The highest levels of creativity were found with individuals receiving positive feedback utilizing an informational style. The lowest levels of creativity were associated with negative feedback administered with a controlling style. *Reading 8 pg. 176

Circle the factors that can increase creativity

Extrinsic rewards, asking people to be creative, having a creative role model, close supervision, extroversion, transformational leadership

What are some good rules for brainstorming and some concrete advice for adhering to those rules?

Go for quantity No judgement

Match the needs associated with each stage of the creative process: Idea generation; Cognitive flexibility

Idea Generation -> Cognitive Flexibility Idea Elaboration -> Support Idea Championing -> Influence and Legitimacy Idea Implementation -> Shared Vision and Understanding

Define creativity

Intellectual inventiveness used to generate, discover, or restructure ideas; imagining alternatives *Workplace creativity, typically defined as the production of novel and useful ideas for organizational products, services, or processes Workplace creativity is generally framed in the context of organizational products, services, processes, and procedures and focuses on the production of new and useful ideas

Is extrinsic motivation harmful to creativity?

Intrinsic motivation is considered to be essential for promoting creativity at the workplace. However, the impact of extrinsic (reward-dependent) motivation on employee creativity has been a topic of much debate. Extrinsic motivation towards the organization as a whole is helpful.

Big 5 personality factors, which has the most influence on creativity

Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism *According to Costa and McCrae (1995), the factors most associated with creativity are conscientiousness and openness to experience Reading 8

Model of individual creativity

Reading 5 pg. 5 cognitive styles, perceptual styles, and thinking skills that are conducive to taking new perspectives on problems, pivoting among different ideas, thinking broadly, and making unusual associations; personality processes, traits, and characteristics that lead the individual to take risks and eschew conformity; and persistent, energetic work styles. *Creativity relevant processes

Discuss the relation between personality and creativity

These other traits comprise competitiveness, materialism, need for learning, and need for activity. the findings also show that five personality traits have non-linear effects on creativity. *All can benefit creativity except for neurosis

Discuss the relation between time pressure and creativity

Time pressure does not create creativity, it creates productivity "Time pressure always inhibits creative thinking" - no/yes only if you feel that you have meaningful work Creative thinking under low time pressure is more likely when people feel as if they are on an expedition. Creative thinking under low time pressure is unlikely when people feel as if they are on autopilot Creative thinking under extreme time pressure is more likely when people feel as if they are on a mission. Creative thinking under extreme time pressure is unlikely when people feel as if they are on a treadmill pg 56 reading 14

Are any personality traits related to creativity?

Transformational leadership would more positively affect the creativity of individuals with high orientations toward conservation transformational leadership as supportive of employee creativity intrinsic motivation mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and creativity. *Reading 8 pg. 173

Is time pressure always harmful for creativity?

Usually yes, but you can still be on time pressure and are allowed to be fully focused (on a mission)

Discuss the relation between rewards and creativity

both financial and non-financial performance incentives associated with creativity. The available research supports the notion that developmentally oriented feedback focusing away from control or negativity will lead to more favorable results as it pertains to employee creativity. rewarding individual performance with public recognition or financial remuneration typically has only a short-term impact (Rothwell, Sullivan, & McLean, 1995) and may facilitate ongoing resentment by individuals who were not recognized (Deming, 1982). Provided that managers are cognizant of the potential downsides, it may be more effective to develop collective rewards and recognition for group and organizational creativity or to spend energy identifying key ways in which the organization could make collective progress toward additional creativity that is celebrated organization-wide. *Reading 8 pg. 176

Discuss the relation between monitoring and creativity

controlling behaviors had a negative impact on employee creativity but they did not find a direct relationship between supportive supervision and creative outcomes. However, a study by Redmond, Mumford, and Teach (1993) supported the notion that supportive leader behaviors are associated with more creative outcomes. Reading 8 pg. 174

Setting creativity goals can increase creative outputs (true or false)

goals increase employee motivation, attention, and effort and can be a very effective managerial technique. If goals aim employees toward immediate performance outcomes, they may be distracted from creativity. Both studies reinforced the notion that the presence of a creativity goal increases creative outputs. *Reading 8 pg. 168

4 stages of creativity

preparation, incubation, illumination, verification