Exam 1 Antho

How was Darwin influenced by Thomas Malthus's work on population growth?

Darwin was influenced by Malthus's work on demography and population responses to food availability.

Match the type of adaption with its example. Developmental

Developing a barrel-shaped chest if born at high-altitude.

Individuals who experience nutritional stress in utero are generally predisposed to higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease as adults. Which hypothesis explains this phenomenon?

Developmental origins of Health and Disease

A large body size is advantageous for horses, so horses became larger and larger throughout their evolutionary history. This is an example of:

Directional Selection

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) previously belonged to the same species. Approximately 2 million years ago, the Congo River began cutting through this ancestral species territory, dividing the population in two. As neither chimpanzees nor bonobos have been known to swim in the wild, it is likely that their last common ancestor also did not swim. As of 1 million years ago, chimpanzees and bonobos were separate species.

Geographic Isolation

The earths curst is constantly changing through plate tectonics. This happens exactly the same way today as it did one million years ago. Which of the following ideas best describes this process?

Uniformitarianism

Mendel devised two law; they are known as the Law of Independent Assortment and the Law of Segregation.Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states:

alleles of one gene sort into gametes independently of the alleles of another gene.

You would expect an individual with more melanin production to have:

darker skin

A pleiotropic allele:

is a single allele with multiple effects on an organism

What are the 4 fields of anthropology?

physical, cultural, linguistic, archaeology

Translation involves all of the following EXCEPT:

the nucleus

All mammals have hair, which is an example of a _____ butterflies having wings is an example of a _________.

Homology; analogy

A______ is a proposed, testable explanation of observable fats.

Hypothesis

Macroevolution:

Is an aggregation of microevolutionary change over a long period of time.

Which of the following is NOT a part of Darwins idea of evolution by natural selection?

There is NO competition between individuals for resources and survival.

Which Nucleotide base is in DNA, but NOT RNA?

Thymine

Hardy-Weinberg assumes all of the following EXCEPT

Migration between groups (gene flow)

The Ohio State football team just beat Michigan and to celebrate, you run down High Street. In the chaos, you trip and skin your knee. In order to make more skin cells, your body has to undergo

Mitosis

Oops! As your DNA was replicating last night it made a mistake. Instead of matching a single adenine nucleotide with a thymine, your replicators used a cytosine. This is an example of a(n):

Point mutation

In meiosis, the process which creates gametes,

A diploid parent cell divides into four haploid daughter cells.

Match the type of adaption with its example. Physiological/Acclimatization

After several days in a hot environment, the core body temperature drops and less sweat is necessary for cooling.

Match the type of adaption with its example. Cultural

Alcohol contributes to heat loss, so individuals in cold climates may avoid drinking it.

Why is the term "race" NOT an appropriate biological term for the categorization of human beings?

All of the above - most human genetic variation is clinal -most human genetic variation is nonconcordant -most variation occurs within rather than between so called "races"

Genes:

All the above. - segments of DNA - Located on chromosomes - assort independently of each other if they are on different chromosomes

Please refer to the previous two questions to answer this question. What type of speciation occurred between chimpanzees and bonobos?

Allopatric

Which of the following are the major structures which make up proteins

Amino acids

The retention of the sickle cell allele is an example of:

Balanced polymorphism

Which Tratis separated the white throated bee eater and the Andean condor?

Bald Head

Who debunked the concept of race as a biological construct?

Boas

The genus-species name of Sumatran Orangutans is Pongo abelli Who is responsible for this system of classification?

Carolus Linnaeus

Match the force evolution with its example. Genetic Drift

Choice 1: The Old Order Amish community in Pennsylvania is endogamous, meaning they discourage reproduction outside of their own community. Consequently, their populations are very small. Polydactyly, which results in extra fingers or toes, is at a much higher frequency in this community.

Match the force evolution with its example. Mutation

Choice 3: Controversial reports claim that a Chinese boy has been born with full night vision, generating new

Match the force evolution with its example. Gene Flow

Choice 4: The Duffy null allele originated in African populations with high rates of malaria. As worldwide travel became more common, this allele began occurring in European and American populations.

Match the force evolution with its example. Natural Selection

Choice2: Brains are calorically expensive and demand a significant amount of energy. If more efficient wiring of neurons inside the brain caused the brain to decrease in size and thus require less calories, human brain size may start decreasing.

_______ is the evolution of species in a branching pattern.

Cladogenesis

Archaeologists Study:

Cultural variation prehistoric population

Though Lamarckism is no longer scientifically accepted, what recently described exception to Mendelian genetics demonstrates that some acquired characteristics can be transmitted to future generations without changing the DNA code?

Epigenetics

A theory is a guess (T/F)

FALSE

Race (and racism) is a myth (T/F)

FALSE

All Individuals with the same phenotype have the same genotype. (T/F)

False

Which of the evolutionary forces is most likely to decrease variation between populations?

Gene flow

Albert is a landscaper who spends a lot of time outside and often gets sunburns, causing mutations in the DNA of his skin cells. Jeffrey works at a nuclear power plant and has been exposed to small amounts of radiation that can mutate the DNA in all of his cell types. Both men later decide to have children. Which male has a higher chance of passing mutated DNA on to his children?

Jefferey because mutation potentially occurred in all of his cells. including the gametes.

Allen's Rule states that:

Limb size will be longer in warm climates.

Of the traits listed below, which is most ancestral?

Live Birth

What is the only source of new variation?

Mutation

A woman claims that Justin Timberlake is the father of her baby. The mother has Type O Blood. The baby has Type A blood. Justin Timberlake has Type B blood. Could Justin Timberlake be the father of this baby?

No, Justin Timberlake could not be the father

Developmental adaptation:

Occurs at the individual level during childhood

Acclimaization

Occurs at the individual level throughout an individuals lifetime.

Is the reproductive isolation in the previous question an example of pre-zygotic or post-zygotic reproductive isolation?

Pre-zygotic

Testing of a hypothesis can do all EXCEPT:

Prove the hypothesis.

Match the type of adaption with its example. Genetic

The ability to sweat in order to cool the body.

Has evolution occurred in this population?

The observed and expected frequencies do not match. Evolution is occurring.

Biology is a product of genetics. (T/F)

True

Functional adaptations to high altitude (low oxygen) include all of the following except

Vasoconstriction

You (a reproductively-mature adult) take a summer vacation to the beaches of Costa Rica, where the temperature can get up to 120 Fahrenheit. Which physiological adaptation is most likely to occur?

Vasodilation