Exam 1: Ch. 1-6 Questions

In respect to the link between bad management and ethical behavior, research shows that ______________. a) managers who set unrealistic goals can cause unethical behavior b) most whistleblowers just want more pay c) only top managers really serve as ethics role models d) a good code of ethics makes up for any management deficiencies

a) managers who set unrealistic goals can cause unethical behavior

In a hierarchy of objectives, plans at lower levels are supposed to act as __________ for accomplishing higher-level plans. a) means b) ends c) scenarios d) benchmarks

a) means

After objectives and standards are set, what step comes next in the control process? a) measure results b) take corrective action c) compare results with objectives d) modify standards to fit circumstances

a) measure results

When a team leader clarifies desired work targets and deadline for a work team, he or she is fulfilling the management function of __________. a) planning b) delegating c) controlling d) supervising

a) planning

In which decision environment does a manger deal with probabilities regarding possible courses of action and their consequences? a) risk b) certainty c) uncertainty d) optimal

a) risk

A management consultant who advises managers to study jobs, carefully train workers to do those jobs with the most efficient motions, and offer financial incentives tied to job performance would most likely be using ideas from ________. a) scientific management b) contingency thinking c) Henri Fayol d) Theory Y

a) scientific management

A manager is not living up to the concept of MBO if he or she _____________. a) sets performance objectives for subordinates b) stays in touch and tries to support subordinates in their work c) jointly reviews performance results with subordinates d) keeps a written record of subordinates' performance objectives

a) sets performance objectives for subordinates

If your local bank or credit union is a complex system, then the loan-processing department of the bank would be considered a ___________. a) subsystem b) closed system c) learning organization d) bureaucracy

a) subsystem

If a manager approaches problems in a rational and analytical way, trying to solve them in step-by-step fashion, he or she is well described as a/an _________. a) systematic thinker b) intuitive thinker c) problem seeker d) behavioral decision maker

a) systematic thinker

If an organization was performing poorly and Henri Fayol was called in as a consultant, what would he most likely advise as a way to improve things? a) teach managers to better plan, organize, lead, and control b) give workers better technology c) promote only the best workers to management d) find ways to improve total quality management

a) teach managers to better plan, organize, lead, and control

A person's desires for a comfortable life and family security represent _________ values, while his of her desires to be honest and hard working represent _________ values. a) terminal; instrumental b) instrumental; terminal c) universal; individual d) individual; universal

a) terminal; instrumental

A business owner makes a decision to reduce a plant's workforce by 10% in order to cut costs and be able to save jobs for the other 90% of employees. This decision could be justified as ethical using the __________ approach to moral reasoning. a) utilitarian b) individualism c) justice d) moral rights

a) utilitarian

Someone who expects the ethical misdeeds of others in an organization is usually called a/an _____________. a) whistleblower b) ethics advocate c) ombudsman d) stakeholder

a) whistleblower

The best goals or objectives for planning purposes would have which of the following characteristics? a) Easy enough so that no one fails to reach them b) Realistic and possible to achieve, while still challenging c) Open ended, with no clear end point identified d) No set timetable or due dates

b) Realistic and possible to achieve, while still challenging

A proponent of the classical view of corporate social responsibility would most likely agree with which of these statements? a) Social responsibility improves the public image of business b) The primary responsibility of business is to maximize profits c) By acting responsibly, businesses avoid government regulation d) Businesses should do good while they are doing business

b) The primary responsibility of business is to maximize profits

Which ethical position has been criticized as a source of "ethical imperialism"? a) individualism b) absolutism c) utilitarianism d) relativism

b) absolutism

In CPM/PERT analysis, the focus is on ________ and the event ___________ that link them together with the finished project. a) costs; budgets b) activities; sequences c) timetables; budgets d) goals; costs

b) activities; sequences

The _________ decision model views managers as making optimizing decisions, whereas the _________ decision model views them as making satisfying decisions. a) behavioral; judgmental heuristics b) classical; behavioral c) judgmental heuristics; ethical d) crisis; routine

b) classical; behavioral

According to thinking by Robert Katz, _________ skills are more likely to be emphasized by top managers than by first-line managers. a) human b) conceptual c) informational d) technical

b) conceptual

A total quality management program is most likely to be associated with _________. a) EOQ b) continuous improvement c) return on equity d) breakeven analysis

b) continuous improvement

At what Kohlberg calls the ________ level of moral development, an individual can be expected to act consistent with peers, meet obligations, and follow rules of social conduct. a) postconventional b) conventional c) preconventional d) nonconventional

b) conventional

The first step in the planning process is to ____________. a) decide how to get where you want to go b) define your objectives c) identify possible future conditions or scenarios d) act quickly to take advantage of opportunities

b) define your objectives

The triple bottom line of organizational performance would include measures of financial, social, and _________ performance. a) philanthropic b) environmental c) legal d) economic

b) environmental

Which decision-making error is most associated with the old adage: "If you don't succeed, try and try again?" a) satisficing b) escalating commitment c) confirmation d) too late to fail

b) escalating commitment

The last step in the decision-making process is to _________. a) choose a preferred alternative b) evaluate results c) find and define the problem d) generate alternatives

b) evaluate results

Management by exception means __________. a) managing only when necessary b) focusing attention where the need for action is the greatest c) the same thing as concurrent control d) the same thing as just-in-time delivery

b) focusing attention where the need for action is the greatest

One of the conclusions from the Hawthorne studies was that ____________. a) motion studies could improve performance b) groups can sometimes restrict the productivity of their members c) people respond well to monetary incentives d) supervisors should avoid close relations with their subordinates

b) groups can sometimes restrict productivity of their members

Which of the following is one of the characteristics of Weber's ideal bureaucracy? a) few rules and procedures b) impersonality c) promotion by privilege not by merit d) ambiguous hierarchy of authority

b) impersonality

One of the expected benefits of participatory planning is ________. a) faster planning b) less need for forecasting c) greater attention to contingencies d) more commitment to implementation

b) less need for forecasting

If an organization's top management establishes a target of increasing new hires of minority and female candidates by 15% in the next six months, this is an example of a/an __________ standard for control purposes. a) input b) output c) management by exception d) concurrent

b) output

An effective manager is someone who helps others to achieve high levels of both ________ and __________. a) pay; satisfaction b) performance; satisfaction c) performance; pay d) pay; quality work life

b) performance; satisfaction

A manager who is reactive and works hard to address problems after they occur is described as a ________. a) problem seeker b) problem solver c) rational thinker d) strategic opportunist

b) problem solver

If an organization is considered an open system, work activities that turn resources into outputs are part of the ________ process. a) input b) transformation c) output d) feedback

b) transformation

From a time management perspective, which manager is likely to be in best control of his or her time? One who ____________. a) tries to never say "no" to requests from others b) works on the most important things first c) immediately responds to instant messages d) always has "an open office door"

b) works on the most important things first

The _________ chart graphically displays the scheduling of tasks required to complete a project. a) exception b) Taylor c) Gantt d) after-action

c) Gantt

Two employees are talking about ethics in their workplaces. Jay says that ethics training and codes of ethical conduct are worthless; Maura says they are the only ways to ensure ethical behavior by all employees. Who is right and why? a) Jay- no one really cares about ethics at work b) Maura - only the organization can influence ethical behavior c) Neither Jay nor Maura - training and codes can encourage but never guarantee ethical behavior d) Neither Jay nor Maura - only the threat of legal punishment will make people act ethically

c) Neither Jay nor Maura - training and codes can encourage but never guarantee ethical behavior

__________ planning identifies alternative courses of action that can be taken if problems occur with the original plan. a) Benchmark b) Participatory c) Staff d) Contingency

c) Staff

A problem is a discrepancy between a/an _________ situation and desired situation. a) unexpected b) risk c) actual d) uncertain

c) actual

The research of Mintzburg and others concludes that managers _________. a) work at a leisurely pace b) have blocks of private time for planning c) always live with the pressures of performance responsibility d) have the advantages of short workweeks

c) always live with the pressures of performance responsibility

When a manager makes a decision about someone's annual pay raise only after looking at the person's current salary, the risk is that the decision will be biased because of _________. a) a framing error b) escalating commitment c) anchoring and adjustment d) strategic opportunism

c) anchoring and adjustment

___________ management assumes people are complex, with widely varying needs. a) Classical b) Neoclassical c) Behavioral d) Modern

c) behavioral

When MBO is done right, who does the review of a team member's performance accomplishments? a) the team member b) the team leader c) both the team member and team leader d) the team leader, the team member, and a lawyer

c) both the team member and team leader

The intellectual capital equation states that: Intellectual Capital = _______ X Commitment. a) Diversity b) Confidence c) Competency d) Communication

c) competency

When a supervisor working alongside of an employee corrects him or her when a mistake is made, this is an example of _________ control. a) feedforward b) external c) concurrent d) preliminary

c) concurrent

When a manger puts Kwabena in a customer relations job because he has strong social needs and gives Sherrill lots of daily praise because she has strong ego needs, the manager is displaying __________. a) systems thinking b) Theory X c) contingency thinking d) administrative principles

c) contingency thinking

The management function of __________ is being activated when a bookstore manager measures daily sales in the magazine section and compares them with daily sales targets. a) planning b) agenda setting c) controlling d) delegating

c) controlling

Among the financial ratios often used for control purposes, Current Assets. Current Liabilities is known as the ______. a) debt ratio b) net margin c) current ratio d) inventory turnover ratio

c) current ratio

In a social responsibility audit of a business firm, positive behaviors meeting which of the following criteria would measure the highest level of commitment to socially responsible practices? a) legal - obeying the law b) economic - earning a profit c) discretionary - contributing to community d) ethical - doing what is right

c) discretionary - contributing to community

If a manager fails to enforce a late-to-work policy for all workers, that is, by allowing favored employees to arrive late without penalties, this would be considered a violation of _____________. a) human rights b) personal values c) distributive justice d) cultural relativism

c) distributive justice

When managers use the benchmarking approach to planning, they usually try to _______. a) set up flexible budgets b) identify best practices used by others c) find the most accurate forecasts that are available d) use expert staff planners to set objectives

c) find the most accurate forecasts that are available

The first step in the decision-making process is to _______. a) generate a list of alternatives b) assess the costs and benefits of each alternative c) identify and define the problem d) perform the ethics double-check

c) identify and define the problem

In addition to providing better focus, good planning offers the benefit of ________. a) guaranteed performance success b) eliminating the need to change c) improved action orientation d) less emphasis on coordination and control

c) improved action orientation

If a manager takes a lot of time explaining to a subordinate why he did not get a promotion and sincerely listens to his concerns, this is an example of an attempt to act ethically according to _________. a) utilitarian b) commutative c) interactional d) universal

c) interactional

A common mistake by managers facing crisis situations is _________________. a) trying to get too much information before responding b) relying too much on group decision making c) isolating themselves to make the decision alone d) forgetting to use their crisis management plan

c) isolating themselves to make the decision alone

The Hawthorne studies were important in management history because they raised awareness about the importance of ______ as possible influences on productivity. a) organization structures b) human factors c) physical work conditions d) pay and rewards

c) physical work conditions

The planning process isn't complete until _________. a) future conditions have been identified b) stretch goals have been set c) plans are implemented and results evaluated d) budgets commit resources to plans

c) plans are implemented and results evaluated

One of the reasons why certainty is the most favorable environment for problem solving is that it can be addressed through ______ decisions. a) satisfying b) optimizing c) programmed d) intuitive

c) programmed

The highest level in Maslow's hierarchy is _______. a) safety b) esteem c) self-actualization d) physiological

c) self-actualization

Emotional intelligence helps us to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively. Someone that is high in emotional intelligence will have the capacity to __________ an ability to think before acting and to control potentially disruptive emotions and actions. a) set agendas b) show motivation c) self-regulate d) act as a leader

c) self-regulate

The manager's role in the "upside-down pyramid" view of organizations is best described as providing _________ so that operating workers can directly serve ________. a) direction; top management b) leadership; organizational goals c) support; customers d) agendas; networking

c) support, customers

If Douglas McGregor heard an instructor complaining that her students were lazy, didn't want to come to class, lacked creativity, and were irresponsible, he would worry that she might __________. a) violated scientific management ideas b) focused too much on needs c) would create a negative self-fulfilling prophecy d) showed contingency thinking

c) would create a negative self-fulfilling prophecy

_________ is the active oversight by boards of directors of top management decisions in such areas as corporate strategy and financial reporting. a) Value chain analysis b) Productivity c) Outsourcing d) Corporate governance

d) Corporate governance

An amoral manager ____________. a) always acts in consideration of ethical issues b) chooses to behave unethically c) makes ethics a personal goal d) acts unethically but does so unintentionally

d) acts unethically but does so unintentionally

A good performance objective is written in such a way that it ___________. a) has a flexible timetable b) is general and not too specific c) is impossible to accomplish d) can be easily measured

d) can be easily measured

If the direction in managerial work today is away from command and control, what is it towards? a) coaching and facilitating b) telling and selling c) pushing and pulling d) carrot and stick

d) carrot and stick

When a manger is asked to justify a new budget proposal on the basis of projected activities rather than as an incremental adjustment to the prior year's budget, this is an example of ______. a) zero-based budgeting b) strategic planning c) operational planning d) contingency planning

d) contingency planning

If a sales department supervisor is held accountable by a middle manager for the department's performance, whom is the department supervisor dependent upon to make this performance possible? a) board of directors b) top management c) customers or clients d) department sales persons

d) department sales persons

The process of building and maintaining good working relationships with others who may someday help a manager implement his or her work agendas is called ________. a) governance b) networking c) emotional intelligence d) entrepreneurship

d) entrepreneurship

When an automobile manufacturer is careful to purchase only the highest-quality components for use in production, this is an example of an attempt to ensure high performance through _________ control. a) concurrent b) statistical c) inventory d) feedforward

d) feedforward

What organizational stakeholder would get priority attention if a corporate board is having a serious discussion regarding how the firm could fulfill its obligations in respect to sustainable development? a) owners or investors b) customers c) suppliers d) future generations

d) future generations

A company buys cloth in one country, has designs made in another country, sews the garments in another country, and sells the finished product in yet other countries. This firm is actively engaging in the practice of __________. a) job migration b) performance effectiveness c) value creation d) global outsourcing

d) global outsourcing

When the members of a special task force are asked to develop a proposal for increasing the international sales of an existing product, this problem most likely requires __________ decisions. a) routine b) programmed c) crisis d) nonprogrammed

d) nonprogrammed

In order to help implement her firm's strategic plans, the CEO of a business firm would most likely want marketing, manufacturing, and fiance executives to develop ________. a) means-ends chains b) operational plans c) flexible budgets d) project management

d) project management

According to research on ethics in the workplace, ________ is/are often a major and frequent source of pressures that create ethical dilemmas for people in their jobs. a) declining morals in society b) long work hours c) low pay d) requests or demands from bosses

d) requests or demands from bosses

In a business firm, a marketing plan would most likely deal with _________. a) production methods and technologies b) money and capital investments c) facilities and workforce recruiting d) sales and product distribution

d) sales and product distribution

Planning is best described as the process of ____________ and __________. a) developing premises about the future; evaluating them b) measuring results; taking corrective action c) measuring past performance; targeting future performance d) setting objectives; deciding how to accomplish them

d) setting objectives; deciding how to accomplish them

Personal creativity drivers include creativity skills, task expertise, and __________. a) strategic opportunism b) management support c) organizational culture d) task motivation

d) task motivation

Which principle states that a person should only receive orders from one boss in an organization? a) scalar b) contingency c) Hawthorne d) unity of command

d) unity of command

A "No Smoking" rule and a sexual harassment policy are examples of __________ that are types of __________ in organizations. a) long-range plans; policies b) single-use plans; means-ends chains c) policies; standing-use plans d) operational plans; short-range plans

a) long-range plans; policies

Conflict between the mature adult personality and a rigid organization was a major concern of _______. a) Argyris b) Follett c) Gantt d) Fuller

a) Argyris

When a worker has a family, makes car payments, has a mortgage, and is active in supporting community organizations, how might Argyris explain her poor performance at work? a) She isn't treated as an adult at work b) Managers are using Theory Y assumptions c) Organizational subsystems are inefficient d) She doesn't have the right work skills

a) She isn't treated as an adult at work

A manager who decides against hiring a new employee who just graduated from Downstate University because the last person hired from there turned out to be a low performer, is falling prey to ________ error. a) availability b) adjustment c) anchoring d) representativeness

a) availability

When one team member advises another team member that "your behavior is crossing the line in terms of our expectations for workplace civility" she is exercising a form of ________ control over the other's inappropriate private behaviors. a) clan b) market c) internal d) preliminary

a) clan

In CPM/PERT, "CPM" stands for __________. a) critical path method b) control planning management c) control plan map d) current planning matrix

a) critical path method

When a manager denies promotion to a qualified worker simply because of a personal dislike for the fact that she is Hispanic, this is an example of ________. a) discrimination b) workforce diversity c) self-management d) free-agent economy

a) discrimination

Costs, benefits, timelines, and ______ are among the recommended criteria for evaluating alternative courses of action in the decision-making process. a) ethical soundness b) past history c) availability d) simplicity

a) ethical soundness

The benefits of planning should include ___________. a) improved focus b) less need for controlling c) more accurate forecasts d) increased business profits

a) improved focus

When a soccer coach tells her players at the end of a losing game, "You really played well and stayed with the game plan," she is using a/an __________ as a measure of performance. a) input standard b) output standard c) historical comparison d) relative comparison

a) input standard

Which of the following is a responsibility that is most associated with the work of a CEO or chief executive officer of a large company? a) linking the company with the external environment b) reviewing annual pay raises for all employees c) monitoring short-term performance by task forces and committees d) conducting hiring interviews for new college graduates

a) linking the company with the external environment