exam 1 intro to ASD
Which is not an accurate description of a reaction to the changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5 in the diagnosis of autism?
The changes were accepted as wonderful and forward-thinking by all.
Which is not one of the Wing's four types of autism-related social behavior?
The quiet group
Terms previously used when referencing autism include all except which of the following:
Cognitive disorder
Although Hans Asperger's paper ('Autistic Psychopathy in Childhood' ) was originally published in German in 1944, when did his work become well known in English-speaking countries?
over 40 years later
Which of the following scales does not use children with suspected or verified psychological disorders as a comparison group?
ASRS
Select the two individuals who first identified autism.
Asperger and Kanner
By the mid-1970's, which of the following theories about Autism Spectrum Disorder was disproved?
Autism is a form of psychosis & Autism is a form of neurosis
What was the significance of George's late diagnosis of ASD, as discussed in the case example in Chapter 2 of the Boucher textbook?
It saved his relationship with his wife
Indicate the first academic journal to focus on autism.
Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia
The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale, (ASRS) is usually filled out by which of the following?
Parents Teachers Clinicians
Why is it important to know the reliability of a test?
-It helps you determine the amount of accuracy in a score -It helps you calculate the amount of error in a score
According to Hans Asperger, children with autistic psychopathy may present with __________________ .
-motor clumsiness. -limited or inappropriate non-verbal communciation. -all-absorbing, narrow interests, often to the exclusion of other activities.
Which of the following are changes from the DSM-IV to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria?
-new diagnostic condition, Social Communication Disorder, was introduced. - The severity of symptoms is specified as descriptors. - Unlike DSM-IV, the DSM-5 abandoned the PDD-suptypes concept in favor of the spectrum concept -Restricted and repetitive behavior is no longer seen as an essential element.
According to the DSM-5, marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills requiring substantive support would be considered a severity level of _________.
2
According to the DSM-5, preoccupations, fixated rituals and/or repetitive behaviors markedly interfering with functioning in all areas and requiring very substantive support would be considered a severity level of _________.
3
Which of the following is the age range appropriate for using Psychoeducational Profile, Third Edition (PEP-3)?
6 months to 7 years
For an initial test of a scale, a standardization sample should be used. Which of the following best describes why this is done?
A standardized sample allows for a representative sample to be used to determine standard scores and to identify abnormal scores.
According to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, which of the following were considered subtypes of autism?
Autistic disorder Asperger Disorder Pervasive Developmental Disorder not Otherwise Specified
if a person is part of the aloof group, which would be one of their behaviors?
Behave as though others don't exist.
Which of the following forms of CARS-2 is designed to assist in gathering information to help inform scoring of the CARS-ST and CARS-HF?
CARS2-OPC
Creak's 'Nine Points' is a list of diagnostic criteria for what condition?
Childhood Schizophrenia
Diagnostic criteria for ASD are now supplemented by _________________ .
Descriptors
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps to take in developing a scale to assess ASD?
Develop clear definitions of behaviors, create a pool of items, run a pilot study
The Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R) assesses all of the following EXCEPT?
Developmental History
Identify the classification system used by psychiatrists and psychologists to diagnose autism.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Infantile autism (as it was called then) was formally recognized as a distinct condition in 1980 by which diagnostic nominclature?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Third Edition (DSM-III)
Which of the following is in the Creak's Nine Points diagnostic list for schizophrenia?
Gross and sustained impairment of emotional relationships
When two measures are being compared, it is important that both have high reliability coefficients because....
High reliabilities help ensure that differences are not due to chance.
Which of the following provides criteria that can be used by clinicians when making a diagnosis of autism?
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
What was the major problem with the concept of autism subtypes?
It proved difficult in practice to make unambiguous distinctions between them.
What distinguishes the ADOS-2 from most other scales used to assess ASD?
It provides 5 separate modules geared for the subject's particular developmental and expressive language level. It is a measure that involves direct observation of the person being assessed.
What theory below was disproved by the 1970's?
Poor early mother-child relationships is the cause of ASD.
The author of the text discusses several concerns related to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Which of the concerns below were discussed by the author?
Possible adverse effects on early diagnosis & Concern about possible under-diagnosis.
After a scale has been tested and retested, it is important to look at the reliability of each section and subsections. In the development of the ADOS, when an item was deemed to have lower than acceptable reliability, what was the next step for those items?
Remove item(s) & Edit item(s)
In the early years, what mental disorder was often diagnosed instead of autism?
Schizophrenia
The term dissociable is used when referring to the ability to _____________ communication and language?
Separate
Asperger's early descriptions of autism included which of the following:
Severe impairment of social interaction Narrow interests Good vocabulary Motor clumsiness
__________________________________ is characterized by "persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication sufficiently severe as to interfere with social relationships, academic achievement, and occupational performance".
Social Communication Disorder
With the updated DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, two core impairments have been emphasized in making a diagnosis, what are they?
Social interaction and Communication
What ages are not recommended for Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) to be used to diagnosis ASD?
Under 2 years
What can be said about reliability when making decisions about special educational placement?
a higher reliability would be best in this situation
Neurosis is _____________ .
a term that in the past was used to characterize ASD & a personality or mental disturbance not resulting from any known biological cause.
The primary reason autism subtypes were eliminated within the DSM-5 was due to _________________ .
difficulties making a diagnosis because of the ambiguous distinctions between the various subtypes.
Prior to recognizing ASD as a distinct condition, the less able of these children with ASD were most likely described as ______________ .
feeble minded
The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria now allows older individuals to be classified with ASD; however, the signs of autism must have been present _______________ .
from quite early on in childhood
When was "Infantile autism" first recognized as a distinct condition?
in 1980
If communication difficulties sufficient for the diagnosis of Social Communication Disorder (SCD) are not noticed until the child enters school, the diagnosis...
may still be made if these difficulties were found to have been present from a very early age
Kanner's early descriptions of autism included _________________ .
muteness and superior rote memory skills.
Identify the autism subtype the DSM-5 abandoned.
pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
After a scale has been tested and retested, it is important to look at the reliability of each section and subsections. In the development of a scale, when items are deemed to have lower than acceptable reliability, what steps are taken with those items to help ensure greater reliability?
remove or edit items
Self-stimulatory stereotypic movements include all the behaviors below except for ________________ .
repetitive utterances
According to our text, if a test has a reliability of .80 what kind of decision should it be used for?
screening
The DSM-5 created a new diagnostic category (disorder), which was ____________.
social communication disorder
