EXAM 1 KINES 111 OLYMPIC GAMES
Identify and describe the importance of the following events as they pertain to the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic up to 1932: Boxer Rebellion WW I Communist Revolution of Russia
Boxer Rebellion: The squashing of the boxer rebellion helped China become more included in International affairs. China later got included into the games. WWI: The war disrupted the games because the 1916 games were to be held in Berlin. The were forced to scrap the games but they went ahead with the 1920 games in Belgium to encourage peace. Communist Revolution of Russia: Led to the fall of the Russian Empire and the eruption of the Soviet Union. Following the revolution the Soviets weren't involved in the Olympics until the 1952 games.
Describe the Greek perspective on team sports and competition for women in the ancient Games
NO TEAM EVENTS AND NO WOMEN WERE ALLOWED - a male training for these events was usually training to be a soldier - training for arête " excellence"
Identify the name of the location of the Ancient Olympic Games
Olympia in the Elis Prefecture
Identify and describe the importance of the following issues as they pertain to the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic Games up to and including 1932: o AMATEURISM
* sport was a pastime of the upper class * way to maintain a separation between the classes - "gentlemen" were amateurs - did not compete for money
Identify and describe the importance of the following issues as they pertain to the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic Games up to and including 1932: o TEAM SPORTS
* team sports contradicted the philosophy of individual effort - teams sports entered (with soccer) at the 1900 Paris Games
Identify and describe the importance of the following issues as they pertain to the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic Games up to and including 1932: o COMPETITION FOR WOMEN
- Coubertin did not want women in the Games - women were allowed to compete in the 1900 Paris games --> tennis, golf, and croquet were the first events for women - women's football was introduced in the Games of 1996
Identify the eligibility requirements to participate in the Ancient Games
- MALE - free GREEK citizen - have NOT committed murder or heresy - had to go to Olympia and train for 1 month while being observed by officials - if unworthy, would NOT compete - men would perform naked
Identify and describe the importance of the following issues as they pertain to the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic Games up to and including 1932: o OLYMPIC DEFINITION OF A COUNTRY
- issues arose at 1908 London Games - "Country" : is any territory having separate representation on the International Olympic Committee CURRENT DEFINITION: an independent state recognized by the international community
Identify the various athletic events associated with the Ancient Games
- stadion foot race 607 ft - 2 foot races; diaulos, dolichos - penthalon [long jump, javelin, discus, stadion, wrestling] - jump, javelin, discus = triad disciples - boxing - wrestling - pankration "mma'' - equestrian events; chariot racing - NO TEAM EVENTS
Describe the political and social influences that influenced the revival of the modern Games
-Franco-Prussian War -Class System -British Educational System -Industrialization -Capitalism -Religion
Identify the estimated dates of the beginning of the Ancient Games and the end of the Ancient Games
776 B.C - 393 A.D.
Identify and describe the importance of the following issues as they pertain to the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic Games up to and including 1932: o PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES AND SIGINIFICANCE BEHIND ATTENDANCE
Countries often see participation as a way to demonstrate their national pride and prowess, and attendance at the Games can have important diplomatic implications.
Identify the following individuals and their influence on the hosting, staging and politics of the modern Olympic Games William Garland
He played a key role in the planning of the 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Los Angeles was awarded the games since Garland offered to move the games in 1924 if necessary.
Describe the issues related to professionalism, symbolism, and eligibility in the Ancient Games
Issues with professionalism were that the Greek men who competed were so focused on the competitions that they would divert their attention from being a soldier or scholar. Only the best were eligible and this was tested before the Olympics would start.
Identify the following individuals and their influence on the hosting, staging and politics of the modern Olympic Games James Sullivan
James Sullivan was an American sports organizer who played a key role in the early development of the modern Olympic Games. He served as the head of the American Olympic Committee and was involved in the organization of the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis, which helped to establish the United States as a major player in the Olympic movement.
Identify the following individuals and their influence on the hosting, staging and politics of the modern Olympic Games Jim Thorpe
Jim Thorpe: His success helped to promote the idea of the modern Olympics as a platform for showcasing individual athletic ability, and his achievements helped to raise the profile of the Games in the United States.
Identify and describe the impact of WW I on the hosting, staging, and participation of countries and individuals on the modern Olympic Games between WW I and WW II.
Led to the cancellation of the 1916 games. Disrupted training and participation of athletes. Increases political tensions and boycotts. Reduced number of participating nations.
Identify and describe the importance of the following issues as they pertain to the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic Games up to and including 1932: o AMOUNT OF MONEY MADE OR LOST AS A RESULT OF HOSTING THE GAMES
MONEY WAS LOST WHILE HOSTING THE OLYMPIC GAMES DUE TO THE HIGH COST OF BUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTURE THAT WOULD HOLD THE GAMES
Identify the following individuals and their influence on the hosting, staging and politics of the modern Olympic Games Douglas MacArthur
President of the AOC who led the US delegation for the 1928 games. Helped the coordinate the US athletes and ultimately showed how sport can affect national pride.
Describe the religious underpinnings for the holding of the Ancient Games and for the abolishment of the Ancient Games
The Games were made as a religious celebration in honor of zeus. The end of the ancient games was due to the spread of Christianity in 393 A.D. 426 A.D. Theodosius destroyed all monuments
Describe the influence that various World's Fair's and other similar multi-national gatherings had on the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic Games up to 1932.
The most specific events were 1900 and 1904 were the worlds fair overshadowed the olympics leading to those games to be unsuccessful. Only in 1928 and 1932 were the games not over shadowed.
Identify the following individuals and their influence on the hosting, staging and politics of the modern Olympic Games Henri Baillet-Latour:
Was the IOC president from 1925 to 1942. Organized the Belgian Olympic committee. Director of the Antwerp Organizing Committee for the 1920 Olympic Games. He played a key role in the organization of several Olympic Games, including the 1924 Games in Paris and the 1936 Games in Berlin. He was also involved in the development of several Olympic traditions, including the lighting of the Olympic flame and the awarding of gold, silver, and bronze medals.
Name the important deities associated with the Games
Zeus: Had his temple built later and was known as the supreme Deity (King of Gods) Hera: Her temple was built first in Olympia and she was worshipped as the Earth-Mother
Identify and describe the role of Dr. William Penny Brooks to the Modern Olympic movement
created the "other games" in England (Wenlock Games)- Coubertin used this to model the Olympic Games - was an inspiration to Coubertin
Identify and describe the beginnings of the Winter Olympic Games
held in CHAMONIX, FRANCE 1924 AFTER THE 8TH OLYMPIC GAMES - bobsleigh - biathlon - curling - ice hockey - skiing - skating * was to be named International Sports Week 1924 2ND GAME held in ST MORITZ 1298
Describe the origins of the various Olympic symbols (e.g., rings, flag, doves, etc.)
rings- 5 rings symbolize 5 continents that send athletes 5 colors- flag of every nation contains one of the colors anthem- officially accepted in 1958 (Designed by Coubertin) oath- introduced in 1920 at the Antwerp Games "sportsmanship" torch and torch relay- at 1936 Berlin Games * doves of peace- after the lighting of the Olympic cauldron - 1992 Barcelona Games -Motto: Swifter, Higher, Stronger
Identify and describe the importance of the "Congress to Revive the Olympic Games"
the IOC was founded in 1894 during this conference when Coubertin was trying to sell the idea of the Olympics.
Identify and describe the importance of the Festival of Hera
this was a competition for unmarried girls held near the temple of Hera at Olympia - 3 foot races - 500 ft in length - were not naked like men
AMATEURISM
"any person who has never participated in a competition open to all comers, or competed for a cash prize or a sum of money from any source, in particular entry to the grounds-or with professionals-and who has never at any time in his life been a paid teacher or instructor of physical education."
• Describe the early 20th century definition of amateur & professional athlete
- an amateur was a "gentleman" and usually upper class who participated in sport mainly for a leisure activity -A professional was someone who was paid to participate in sport
Describe the early 20th century definition of amateur & professional athlete v. the Ancient Games
-In the 20th century an amateur athlete was described as one who competed in sports but didn't receive any form of payment. A professional athlete on the other hand did get payed. -In Ancient Greece there was no distinction between amateur and professional athletes. The ancient Greeks celebrated athletic excellence and believed that athletes should be rewarded for their achievements.
Identify and describe the importance the Interim Games of 1906 and the Inter-Allied Games of 1919.
Both of these games weren't officially recognized by the IOC Athens Interim Games: The games were created to ensure the success of the Olympic movement due to the failures of the 1900 and 1904 games. were very successful. Allied Games of 1919: Made as a response to the end of WWI to bring the allied nations together and promote peace even though only allied nations were invited.
Describe the importance of the following issues as they pertain to the founding of the Modern Olympic movement: -Franco-Prussian War -Industrialization of Western Europe in the 1800's -Greek revival in the 1800's -Spread of the British Empire in the 1800's
-The war highlighted the need for international cooperation and understanding, and many people believed that sport could play a role in promoting peace and unity between nations. -The growth of industrialization and urbanization led to a decline in physical fitness and health, and many educators believed that sport and physical education could help address these issues. -The Greek revival movement helped to inspire Pierre de Coubertin, who was particularly interested in the ancient Greek ideal of physical and mental excellence. -The spread of the British Empire in the 19th century led to the spread of British culture, including the culture of sport.
Identify Pierre de Coubertin and his role in the modern Olympic movement and his specific view on women, amateurs, and team sports.
1st modern games movement was founded in 1894 by Baron Coubertin - 1st games held in ATHENS, GREECE -Wanted to represent his national pride for France through the games. -In the Beginning, Coubertin opposed women competing since it would be "impractical and uninteresting". -Believed that everyone should be able to compete -Opposed the idea of team sports
Identify the names of the presidents of the IOC in order of service up to and including the 1932 Games
1st. Demetrios Vikelas (Greece) - served from 1894 to 1896 2nd. Pierre de Coubertin (France) - served from 1896 to 1925 3rd. Henri de Baillet-Latour (Belgium) - served from 1925 to 1942
Identify the date, location, and the reason for the selection of each location of the modern Olympic Games up to and including 1932
ATHENS- 1896- 1ST GAME (Site for Ancient Games) PARIS- 1900- 2ND GAME (To coincide with the Paris exposition) ST. LOUIS- 1904- 3RD GAME (To coincide with the Louisiana Purchase Exposition) LONDON- 1908- 4TH GAME- took over after Italy was affected by Mt. Vesuvius erupted (to celebrate the centenary of the founding of the British Museum) STOCKHOLM- 1912- 5TH GAME- (Because of its strong tradition of athletics and its commitment to the Olympic movement.) BERLIN- 1916- 6th GAME (Cancelled due to WW1) ANTWERP- 1920- 7TH GAME- (To honor Belgium's suffering during World War I.) PARIS- 1924- 8TH GAMES- (Held there bc of Coubertin retiring- introduced the motto) AMSTERDAM- 1928- 9TH GAME (To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the modern Olympic Games) L.A - 1932- 10TH GAME (Predetermined in 1923 in the event the 1924 Games had to be relocated)
Identify the following individuals and their influence on the hosting, staging and politics of the modern Olympic Games Alice Milliat
Alice Milliat was a French athlete who was instrumental in promoting women's participation in the modern Olympic Games. She organized a women's track and field competition in conjunction with the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, which eventually led to the creation of the women's Olympic program. She also organized the women's Olympic games which were very successful.
MAJOR PLAYERS OF WW1
BRITAIN FRANCE GERMANY RUSSIA: not invited to the 1920 Antwerp Games AUSTRIA SERBIA
definition of olympism
Blending sport with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy found in effort, the educational value of good example and respect for universal fundamental principles.
Identify and describe the importance of the following issues as they pertain to the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic Games up to and including 1932: o HOST CITY LOCATION SELECTION
Cities compete against one another to win the bid, and the selection process is often influenced by factors such as the city's infrastructure, political stability, and economic development plans.
Identify the background, role, and impact of the marathon, boxing, tennis & soccer events on the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic Games
Marathon: It is inspired by the ancient Greek story of Pheidippides, who is said to have run from the city of Marathon to Athens to deliver news of a military victory. The marathon event was introduced in the inaugural modern Olympic Games in 1896, and it has since become one of the most popular and iconic events in the Games. Boxing: Has been there since the beginning. Many critics have argued that boxing is too violent and dangerous for the Olympics, and there have been calls to ban the sport altogether. Nevertheless, boxing remains a popular event at the Olympics. Tennis. Was included in the 1896 games up until the 1924 games. It was then dropped and reintroduced in 1988 Soccer: Has been the most prestigious soccer event since 1900. Up until the founding of the world cup in 1930, Soccer in the olympics was the most popular.
Identify and describe the importance of the following issues as they pertain to the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic Games up to and including 1932: o POPULARITY OF EACH OLYMPICS AND PARTICIPATION INCREASE/ DECREASE
PARIS AND ST LOUIS WERE THE MOST UNPOPULAR AND POORLY HELD GAMES
Identify the following individuals and their influence on the hosting, staging and politics of the modern Olympic Games Pierre Coubertin
Pierre de Coubertin was a French educator who is widely regarded as the founder of the modern Olympic Games. He was instrumental in the revival of the Olympic movement in the late 19th century and played a key role in the organization of the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896. He is also credited with developing the Olympic creed and promoting the idea of the Olympic Games as a means of promoting peace and understanding between nations.
