Exam 1

Elements of art

- Form—the object's shape and structure -Composition—the organization of forms in a work -Material and technique -Color -Texture -Space, mass, and volume -Know the elements and be able to use them to analyze a work of art

Jeff Wall, Picture for Women photograph

- The photograph is trying to mirror the oil canvas of Edouard Manet - There is a separation -Everything is a reflection -The photo would be different is Jeff wasn't there. The women is the object to bring pleasure to the man

Inside my studio: Wangechi Mutu Video

- The studio is the core of her daily life -Went from magazines to depicting the female body -A good day in her studio isn't really a good day, she gets anxiety and frustrated

Marc Quinn, self Blood (artist's), stainless steel

- the head is made with his own blood -he thinks of blood as life -Abjection art

Vanessa Beecroft, VB55

-100 women from 18-65 stood for 3 hours naked with only see-through tights on -makes you aware of your own body and prejudices -Control of the body (try your best not to move, talk, don't act sexy, or interact with the audience)

Vanessa Beecroft, VB39, US Navy Seals

-16 Navy Seals standing at attention for one and a half hours

Shirin Neshat, Turbulent Performance

-2 screens, 2 different stories, 2 different perspectives -set up forces you to watch either the man or the woman -not in control as the viewer -throat singing = tradition -woman seems frustrated because she cannot let all of her words out -his is in a formal setting -she does not have an audience present

Identity

-Contemporary identity is based on relationships. -How others see you. -Identity is constructed.

Edouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies Bergère Oil on canvas

-Everything behind the women is a reflection -dressed more feminine

Shirin Neshat (background info)

-Iranian woman, immigrant, 1973 came to the US to study art

Hung Liu, Judgment of Paris oil on canvas with lacquered wood

-Known for using historical photographs of Chinese and European women -She's blending eastern and western -Porcelain created by Chinese -The two side girls are Chinese prostitutes -hybridity -made to appeal western male tastes

Biennials

-Large-scale transnational exhibitions of contemporary art, held every two years -first one was held in Venice in 1895

The Gaze

-Looking is never neutral -how we look and how we are looked at -the process of controlling vision -look is never neutral -Typically gendered as male, heterosexual, white, and economically secure

Hung Liu, Rescue Shoulder Oil on canvas

-Man carrying a old lady -Next to it is signs of zodiac

Who is Nikki S. Lee

-Mixing reality and non-reality -Performance of herself/identity -Relationships with others is crucial -She understands herself only in relation to others.

Ida Applebroog, Modern Olympia (after Edouard Manet Olympia ) Oil and charcoal on Gampi (a fibrous paper) on canvas, 4 panels

-Not individual beings how we see them as being in the same position -artist is a feminist -changes the pose

Photographers in Focus: Jeff Wall Video

-Race and Identity -Likes the idea of inventing his own theme -

Kehinde Wiley Napoleon Leading the Army over the Alps Oil on canvas

-Related to Jacques-Louis David Napoleon Crossing Mount St. Bernar -Changes a white person image and puts an African American -changes the colors to be African American colors: red, green, yellow. Compared to the white image which had French colors - changes the head piece, has a bandana instead of a hat -Both images are fiction -In the red background, it has sperm floating around x

Vanessa Beecroft by Maria Paula Piergentili

-She has rules for the model: do not speak, do not act, do not move too fast, behave as if you were alone, do not act sexy, be detached, hold your position, wait until you are tired and only then you can sit down -obsessed with control of the body

Yinka Shonibare, Girl Ballerina, Life size

-Similar to little dancer position the same way both children have clothes -has a dulling pistol in her hand -dutch wax print (fabric) comes from, Indonesian design, dutch made it print, then sell it to west Africa *Hybridity

Postmodernism

-Skeptical about progress -Anti-elitist/ want to make art for everyone -Idea—our identity is mediated and constructed through cultural influences, and the media -No single style -One strategy--appropriation

Wangechi Mutu The Seated III

-Statue sitting outside a museum -made of bronze looks towards African art -influenced by African American women -she wanted women to be in an active pose but not holding up anyone or anything

Ida Applebroog, installation of exhibit the ethics of desire

-They're flat -how you can relate to the body -look like run way models

Judy Chicago and Miriam Schapiro

-Womanhouse, 1972 -installed in an abandoned mansion in downtown LA, which was later destroyed -each woman was given a room to design to make a statement about a women's place in the home -where Ida Applebroog is exposed to feminist ideas

Zhang Huan, Pilgrimage - Wind and Water in New York performance

-a Chinese artist who grew up very poor -puts his body through extreme states sometimes humiliating

Marc Quinn,-Alison Lapper, Fourth Plinth

-a sculpture of a real person who was born without arms -trying to show the beauty in her body -normalize different body types -gives her dignity and pride -sculpts her in a traditional white sculpture

Yinka Shonibare MBE- I'm the rebel within/tate shots

-beautiful and dark art -changes the way he works so it's never boring -his work is never really about form -says art is connected to life -Any kind of art is about transformation

Vanessa Beecroft

-body as a medium, works with installations and performance -repulsed by pop culture -hires a lot of models, looks like a fashion show -Inspirited by classical and renaissance

Jenny Saville, Ruben's Flap oil on canvas

-body fills the painting -seems like three women -her idea of a naturally beautiful woman -herself but exaggerated -reference to plastic surgery -focuses on the imperfections of the body

Vanessa Beecroft

-born in italy -growing up in Italy surrounded by classical and renaissance -she maps out performances and hired people to pose for her -stages elaborate performances -Contemporary performance artist

Ida Applebroog, b. 1929

-born into a Jewish family in New York -exposed to figurative figures in Chicago -influenced by popular culture -interested in physical figures

Catherine Opie- Photography, painting, and Portraiture Video

-exploring what portraitures mean to her -"every view comes with a different history" when looking at art -work on friends who were trans -documentary photography -discusses the influence of painting of her photography -

Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party craft medium

-feminist -women are in history but are not in history books -triangular table with 39 place settings, collection of women who worked on it (names) -putting the names on the table means they're important, they have a place at the table -happened during the 2nd wave of feminism

Relational aesthetics

-forced on inter-human relations -create situations

Judy Chicago

-found the program of woman house -father did a lot of political organizing -parents belied in equal rights for women

Gwangju Biennale

-founded in September 1995 in Gwangju, South Jeolla province, South Korea in memory of the spirits of civil uprising of the 1980 repression of the Gwangju Democratization Movement. -Asia's oldest biennial of contemporary art -11th Gwangju Biennale, 2016, "What does art do?"

Magiciens de la Terre, 1989

-ground-breaking exhibition at Centre Pompidou, Paris -Included work from the global "margins" not only to counter museums privileging of work produced by Europe and the U.S. -Put into question the Western idea or definition of art.

Globalization

-importance of commercial galleries -power of dealers, curators, collectors -supersizing of art -more opportunities for select few artists -surge in public art

Wangechi Mutu, Lizard Love, Mixed media

-incorporates images from fashion magazines

Jeff Wall, the giant

-inserted the woman into the science so she appears 5 times taller than other library patrons

Vanessa Beecroft, VB35, 1998

-invite only -women stand for 2,5 hours -some wear bikinis, underwear or nothing but all have on heels -confident in their bodies -what classifies as dressed? -women = too look at but not to talk to

Jenny Saville, Plan oil on canvas

-lines on her body, following her curves, similar to the lines drawn on you before going through plastic surgery. That we can alter our body -deconstructing stereotypes by exposing and exploring it -viewer looks up to the painting -she paints very thickly

Wangechi Mutu At Barbara Gladstone Gallery

-looks like a mythological figure -having a hidden identity -powerful female identity -looking like a mermaid

Janine Antoni, Lick and Lather

-makes mold of her body using soap and chocolate -showers and licks the sculpture -erase herself while having an intimate relationship with herself (lather-lick)

Ida Applebroog, Couple I charcoal on paper (12 panels)

-man and women playing around

Whitney Biennial, New York 2019 (Video)

-mentioned that there was a lot of female artist -more than half are artist of color

Collier Schorr, In The Garden (Karin in Grass) C-print

-model's gender is ambiguous -reclining pose that is part of western make artist's conventions for depicting the female -wears makeup, bra yet displays signs of maleness such as hairy legs, hair, etc -(Gaze)

Yinka Shonibare

-often his work has mannequins

Catherine Opie, Chicken (from being and having)

-photography, series of headshots of women all wearing false facial hair -plays with outward views of gender, shows gender as a performative

Orlan, Omnipresence

-real plastic surgery to look like other artist -would take photographs of her bruised body -Posthuman body

Carrie Mae Weems, "Untitled", Kitchen Table Series Gelatin silver prints

-shot around the kitchen table -male is shown as dominant in the first pictures as he is the -head of the table with light on him -woman is shown in the background as a shadow -last picture she is head of the table and there is a Malcolm X picture in the back -woman's identity is shaped by many variables, including her gender, her status as a working-class black American, her relationship with other people, and her social history.

Collier Schorr, Nathan Westling C-print

-showing a transgender person who was a women but now a man -(Gaze)

Historic events of 1989

-the fall of the Berlin Wall -the end of apartheid in South Africa -Okwui Enwezor *influential curator of international biennals

Wangechi Mutu, The new ones will free us Video

-the lip plates are worn by African women of status -clothed in coils -the new generation of women will free us

Semiotics

-the study of signs in human activity -icon- a sign that physically resembles what it stands for -index- a sign which implies some other object or event -symbol- a sign with a conventional or arbitrary relation to the signified- a learned sign

Maintenance art

-think of art not as an object, but as gesture, movement, action -making labor visible

Janine Antoni, Loving Care

-uses her body as a medium -paints using her hair -feminist statement

Collier Schorr, The Brothers (left) Collier Schorr,Catch/Caught (Right) C-print

-went back to a high school and photographed men wrestling -(Gaze)

Mierle Laderman Ukeles, Washing, Tracks

Maintenance art

Stelarc, The Third Hand

Posthuman body

Jeff Koons, New Hoover Convertibles Vacuum cleaners, shampoo polishers, fluorescent lights

Postmodern art

Sherrie Levine, No. 5 (Walker Evans) Aquatint photogravure

Postmodern art -She does the Gold fountain of Ducha

Cai Guo-Qiang, Cultural Melting Bath: Projects for the 20th Century

Relational Aesthetics -visitors are invited to bathe together -provides an opportunity for a therapeutic cultural mixing

Cal Lane, Shovels Plasma-cut steel

Semiotics -lacemaking is understaff as a feminine textile practice while metal cutting is a masculine skill. so mixing the two

Hybridity

a state of being, arrived at through the innovative mixing and borrowing of ideas, languages, and mode of practice

Posthuman Body

humans are entering a new phase of evolution -biotech and computer science changing how we live, age, interact, die -body transformation -The Internet has enabled humans to interact without any material bodily presence -Term coined by Jeffrey Deitch

Marc Quinn, Breathe

same as Alison Lapper, but this one is purple and infallible and glows in the dark -breathe meaning it can collapse quickly without support