Exam 1

In her photograph series, Cindy Sherman addressed the tradition in Western art that presents female beauty from which perspective?

The male gaze

Eschewing a contrived pose, Vigee-Lebrun's Self portrait demonstrates what new trend in art?

The naturalistic impulse

In Women of Algiers, Delacroix's interest in which element of painting is on display?

color

The design of Renzo Piano's Tjibaou Cultural Centre in New Caledonia belongs to which architectural style?

not Suprematism

which animal symbolized Inka royal power in art

puma

The Coalbrookdale Bridge, built over the SeveRiver, was the first such structure built from what material?

Cast Iron

Chardin's praise of the simple goodness of ordinary people, in such painting as his Grace, is based on the work of what key Enlightenment figure?

Jean-jacques Rousseau

Which artistic movement had its root in Impressionist precepts and methods but could not be considered stylistically homogeneous?

Post-Impressionism

In Cinquecento the availability of which inexpensive medium allowed drawing to rise to prominence as an artist?

Pulp paper

Vignon's neoclassical design of the church of La Madeleine in Paris is meant to tie the empire of Napoleon to which earlier empire?

Roman

which of the folllowing building was focus of the north-south axis of the forbindden city

hall of supreme harmony

which of the following decribes a japanese element in HOkusai's the great wave off kanagawa

the flat triangle of the wave are flattened in the foreground

Which leading patron and collector of modernist American art ultimately founded a museum to display her own collection?

Not Peggy Guggenheim

Which term best describes the color palette of Hals's The Women Regents of the Old Men's Home at Haarlem?

Not Polychromatic

What term do art historian use to describes the process Joan Miro employed to paint such works as Painting?

Not Subconscious control

Which 20th century art movement sought to harness the communicative power of art to reach a wide audience?

Pop Art

What was the name of the art gallery found by Alfred Stieglitz to promote the avant-garde and exhibit the latest in American and European art and photography?

291

What do many Basquiat's Painting celebrate?

African American heroes

Which of the following artist created large scale kinetic sculptures based on principles of engineering?

Alexander Calder

"Pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb," a phrase from Revelations, is depicted in which of the following?

Alter of the lamb from the Ghent Altarpiece

Winslow Homer's Veteran in a New Field is a commentary on the aftermath of which conflict?

American Civil War

At the turn of the 20th century, artist who were viewed as being ahead of their time and who transgressed the limit of established art form are referred to by what term?

Avant-garde

which group called themselves Mexica

Aztecs

Which artist set the standard for history paintings by combining the conventions of traditional heroic paintings with modern realism in subject matter and dress.

Benjamin West

Which artist was criticized for the "imitation of common and vulgar things" for destroying "the authority of antiquity and Raphael"

Caravaggop

The Spanish painter Velazquez was both Frist painter to king and what else?

Chamberlain of the palace

Which of the following was a dynastic symbol of Burgundian power?

Chartreuse de Champmol

The composition of Titian's Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne was most likely inspired by what?

Classical mythology and art

Which art critic asserted the importance of strict formalism, which the emphasis is on the element rather than the subject of an artwork?

Clement Greenburg

Which description best describes the work shown here?

Competition panel, San Giovanni

In his writing on postmodern architecture, Venturi Emphasized which two concepts?

Complexity and contradiction

Which of the following is NOT one of the devices Diego Velazquez used to create visual complexity in Las Meninas

Copies of the painting by Peter Paul Rubens celebrating immortal gods

These two paintings adorn which type of the object?

Diptych

What term describes portraits of individuals that accompany religious scenes?

Donor portraits

Audrey Flack, Marilyn is meant as a reference to which earlier painting genre?

Dutch vanitas painting

Which monument was built for a great exhibition in 1889 and was originally seen as a symbol of modern Paris?

Eiffel Tower

What art historical term describes Monet's Practice of painting his work outdoors?

En plein air

The Hundred Years' War primarily involved which two kingdoms?

England and France

What methods did Rembrandt use to create Christ with the Sick around Him?

Engraving and etching

What is name of name of the early 20th century movement that painted works of simplified design but simplified design but shockingly bright coloration?

Fauvism

Who famously said of this artwork, "What you see is what you see"?

Frank Stella

Who was a leading portrait painter in Haarlem and is known for his lively, relaxed group portraits?

Frans Hals

Which Dominician monk denounced the secular humanism of the Medici and others in the late 15th century?

Girolamo Savonarola

Which of the following everyday object depicted in Money-Changer and Hid Wife is NOT a symbol of religion commonly appearing in Netherlandish art?

Gold Coins

Which best describes the plan of Borromini's San Carl alle Quattro Fontane?

Greek cross in oval

How were Indian miniatures intended to be viewed?

Held in the Hands

Which of the following artist was a color-field painter, who poured diluted paint onto unprimed canvas to emphasize that painting is simply pigment on a flat surface?

Helen Frankenthaler

Why does Judith Leyster appear elegantly attired, rather than in an artist's smock as Rembrandt did, in her Self- Portrait?

Her garments indicate her family's wealth

Which of the following stands as an example of the High-Tech Architecture?

Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank

What term do art historians use to describe the use of rough brushstrokes and thick dabs of pigment to highlight the uneven surface so it catches the light?

Impasto

In Four Crowned Saints, Nanni di Banco achieved a unified spatial composition by arranging the figures in what way?

In a semicircle

Paolo Uccello's Battle of San Romano combines an interest in linear perspective with which style?

International Gothic

Despite the limitations on women as artists, which figure exemplifies the important role women could play as art patrons?

Isabella d'Este

which of the following would NOT be a subject of the works referred to as ukiyo-e produced by the urban counterculture of the Edo period

NOT kabuki theater I think sumo ring

which school of painting style features vivid color extensive use of gold and silver and patterns

NOT kano school I think rinpa school

After WWI, German artist sought a clear-eyed and honest image of the modern world and this artistic movement came to be called what?

Neue Sachlichkeit

Georges Seurat's painting technique relying on an optical effect involving spot of color is referred to by what term?

Pointillism

Arthur Dove's nonobjective painting Nature Symbolized No. 2, seeks to capture the essence of what aspect of the natural world?

Sprouting vegetation

The Firm outlines surrounding areas of unmodulated color in Gauguin's Vison after the Sermon reflect his interest in which medium?

Stained glass

Giorgio de Chirico, The Song of Love, 1914 is a precursor of which movement in painting?

Surrealism

In Willie Bester's mixed media Homage to Steve Biko, the numbers serve as a reference to what?

The dehumanized life of black under apartheid

Which of the following would define the style of artist shen zhou who painted lofty mount lu and indicated the size of the mountain by sketching a small figure at the bottom?

The free and expressive style of the southern school

What is the intended message of Edward Hopper's Nighthawks?

The pervasive loneliness of modern humans.

How did viewers react to Dorathea Lange's photograph entitled Migrant Mother, Nipomo Valley?

They rushed to send food to hungry workers.

Which leader embraced neoclassicism because of its associations with virtues such as morality, idealism, and patriotism?

Thomas Jefferson

What is the physical format of Hieronymus Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights?

Triptych

In his David, how does Michelangelo break away from the self-containment of earlier standing statues?

Turning his head toward adversary

Baldung's oil painting Three Ages of Woman and Death is a commentary on both the inevitability of death and what?

Vanitas

Which do art historian call still-life compositions that contain at least one memento mori?

Vanitas Paintingd

Which of the following ideas was Vincent van Gogh trying to communicate in his Starry Night

Vastness of the universe

What contrast does Thomas Cole highlight in his painting The Oxbow?

Wildness versus civilization

how does the sculputre of the dogon differ from the sculpture of the kongo

dongo sculpture is heavilt stylized

what was considered the most prestigious artist subject during the ming dynasty?

landscape

what element of the anasazi visual lexcon referenced agricultural fertility

lighting

Bernini places his sculpture Ecstasy of Saint Teresa in a setting that resemble what?

not cloister,Fountain

Which work by Picasso is meant as a condemnation of the Nazi bombing of the Basque capital in Spain?

Guernica

in asmat society pledges to avenge the death of a relative are embodied in which art form

bisj pole

In the 17th century tokugawa rulers banned christianity and all westerners except which of the following

dutch trader

which of the following garden design does NOT conform to the chinese aesthetic

geometric layout of flowers

Which of the following groups showed the greatest affinity for Zen teaching which emphaized rigorous discipline and personal resonsibility

upper echelons of the warrior class

Which phrase best characterizes the sculptural works of Louise Bourgeois such as Cumul I?

Biomorphic Surrealism

What everyday item did Racheal Whiteread choose to depict in long rows on the Viennese Holocaust memorial?

Bookd

What does the Emerald Buddha represent for Thai Kings

Both religious and secular authority

The painting genre created by Antoine Watteau in which the amusements and entertainments of upper classes are depicted is referred to by what term?

Fete galante

Bernini's statue of David differs from his predecessors by showing David in what moment?

In the heat of Combat

Which Dada artist modified mass-produced objects into "readymades" given the statues of art in the eyes of viewers?

Marcel Duchamp

Leonardo's use of light and dark in Madonna of the Rocks built on the work of which Early Renaissance artist?

Masaccio

Often synonymous with the Renaissance, who were great patrons of the arts in Florence?

Medici Family

In northern Europe of this period, the expansion in genre painting- landscapes, portraits, still lifes- was accompanied by what new element?

Moralizing reminders of human vices

Which of the following represents a difference between Rajput painting and Mughal and Persian Painting

Most Rajput artist were satisfied remaining anonymous

How does Caillebotte suggest the transitory, impersonal nature of modern life in Paris?

Moving figures and cutoff buildings

Which American Impressionist artist painted principally women and children?

NOT Berthe Morisot

The incinerated appearance of Anselm Kiefer's Nigrdo is meant to allude to what?

The holocaust

What did the cleaning of Michelangelo's Sistine ceiling reveal that shocked art historians?

The vivid original colors

The results of the Spanish resistance to the invasion of the their country by Napoleon's forces are highlighted in which painting by Goya?

Third of May, 1808

What did minimalist sculptor such as Tony Smith choose to emphasize as the essential characteristic of their medium?

Three- dimensionality

Which artist explored the possibilities of bold colors and distorted forms, creating a textile effect with energetic and thick brushstrokes?

Vincent Van Gogh

What element does sculptor Barbara Hepworth makes as important in abstract sculpture as its mass?

Void

which of the following dynasties designed the core of the imperial palace in the forbidden city?

min

the word tattoo is of what orgin

polynesian

most figures and mask are visualiztions of which of the following

supernatural focuses

In Raphael's Stanza della Segnatura, he integrated the philosophies and teachings of Plato and Aristotle, and what other pair?

Humanism and Christianity

Which philosopher asserted that the human capacity for feeling. sensibility and emotions came before reason?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Which 18th century artistic style enabled a unification among diverse artist media such as architecture, painting, sculpture, and even music?

Rococo

The aim of much Italian Baroque art was to restore the predominance of which group?

Roman Catholic Church

Which Baroque artist was known for "clasical" landscapes setting that take precedence over the narrative of the painting?

Annibale Carracci

Which artistic movement arose out of the idea of John Ruskin and William Morris, with their emphasis on producing functional objects with high aesthetic value?

Arts and crafts

The development of linear perspective is generally credited to which artist?

Brunelleschi

Post painterly Abstractionists most differed from Abstract Expressionists in which aspect of their work?

Cool, detached rationality

Donatello revolutionized relief sculpture in his image of Saint George and the Dragon by doing what?

Creating an atmospheric effect with incised lines

What term was applied to surrealist and other avant-garde art Hitler and the Nazi regime in 1930s and 1940s Germany?

Degenerate

In his David, rather than concentrating his efforts on achieving the standards of ideal beauty, Michelangelo prioritized what aspect?

Depicting pent-up emotion

What do the numerous preparatory sketches and studies Leonardo da Vinci made for the Last Supper indicate about his conceptualization of the figures in the work?

Each figure was treated individually in both pose and emotion expressed.

Whose highly personal work is often described as autobiographical because of her unflinching self-portraits portrayals, which give the viewer a glimpse into her suffering?

Frida Kahlo

which of the following describes the structural element referred to as gopuras that are found in temple complexes in the far south of India?

Gateway towers

Aside from his skill at drawing, which earlier training contributed to Durer's extraordinary proficiency in making engravings?

Goldsmith

In what country did the early 20th century Futurist movement, with its revolutionary manifestos, arise?

Italy

What artist created the first known Western portrait in which the sitter looks directly at the viewer?

Jan van Eyck

Impressionist artist, including Degas, greatly admired the spatial organization and flat, unmodeled color areas of which art form?

Japanese woodblock prints

Which work by Manet do art historians regard as his critique of European painting since the Renaissance?

Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe

Who is sometimes described as the first modernist architect?

Louis Henry Sullivan

Who was the preeminent French art patron of the 17th century?

Louis XIV

Naum Gabo's Column, which he built up piece by piece with clear materials so the viewer could experience the volume of space it occupies, is an example of what sculptural style?

Not dadaist

In his painting Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, which aspect of the traditional group portrait has Rembrandt modified to enliven the painting?

Not lighting on the figures

Which two artist were the founder of cubism, with its rejection of pictorial illusionism?

Picasso and Braque

Which de Stijl artist sought to create a universal means of expression by using only a palette of the three primary colors, gradations of black and white, and horizontal and vertical lines?

Piet Mondrian

Ingres's Apotheosis of Homer was inspired by which earlier work?

Raphael, school of Athens

Art historian believe that the American artist Thomas Eakins modeled the The Gross Clinic on what?

Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp

In which church did Christopher Wren integrate Palladian, French, and Italian Baroque feature?

Saint Paul's London

Durer shows his support for protestant reforms by minimizing the presentation of which saint in this painting he made for the Nuremberg city hall?

Saint Peter

The Council of Trent in 1545 was part of which wider historical phenomenon?

The Counter-Reformation

What do art historian regard as the real subject of Monet's Rouen Cathedral: The Portal (in Sun)?

The Sunlight on the portal

Which classical reference is visible on Ghiberti's Sacrifice of Isaac panel?

The naked figure of Isaac

Which English artist used his painting to translate contemporary literary forms mocking societal issues into the visual arts?

William Hogarth

the abelam culture of Papua new guinea is centered on which of the following

Yam cultivation

By which term did Barnett Newman refer to the narrow lines that run vertically through the color fields of his paintings?

Zips

Jenny Holzer's 1989 installation at the Guggenheim museum consisted of what element?

a large continuous LED display flowing the interior ramp

A painting of the inanimate object such as flowers and fruits is referred to as what?

a still life

a dragon may represent the yang the principle charactering which of the following

active masculine energy

the moai of rapa nui serving a silent sentinels on stone platforms are believeto depict which beings?

ancestral chiefs

the concept of the dreaming is associated with the indigenous people of which area

australia

the trobriand islanders great skill in carving is most evident in which art form

canoe prow

Which of the following is NOT a technique used by Martin Schongauer to create tonal varieties and textures in his engraving of Saint Anthony? a. creating lines of varying thickness and density b. employed cross-hatching to describe forms c. incised lines into copper plate with a burin d. drew lines through an acid-resistant coating

d. Drew lines through an acid-resistant coating

Kongo nkisi n'kondi figures are believed have which of the following abilities

embody spirits tat heal and give life

the overall form of the ceremonail men's house of the Iatmul in papua new guinea is meant to refer which of the following

female ancestor

the aesthetic charateristics of wabi and sabi are most in which artistic genre

tea cereamony

The architect of the Taj Mahal achieved a balance between the verticality and horizontality of the structure by maintaining which of the following?

Adhering to a strict system of proportions

Which of the following describes the architectural design for early Islamic mausoleums IN India

Dome on cube design

Joseph Kosuth's One and Three Chairs is an example of which art movement?

Not optical art, I think Conceptual Art

What is subject of Charles Demuth's My Egypt?

Not Ironwork

Whistler's "Nocturne in Black and Gold" is an example of the artist's effort to use color to create visual works paralleling which other art form?

Music

Wu Guanzhong's Wild Vines with Flowers Like Pearls combines Western Abstract Expressionism with what traditional form?

NOT Chinese wall paintings

which of the following accounts for the relatively easy spanish conquest of the fierece aztec

spainard found allies among the people the aztecs subjuagted

Saint Anthony and Saint Sebastian appears in Grunewald's Isenhiem Altarpiece because of their association with what

Disease and Miraculous cures

Manny aspects of El Greco's works, such as the placement of elongated figures in an undefined space, are characterized as what style?

mannerist

What did Courbet employ in the The Stone Breakers to convey the dismal nature of manual labor?

A palette of dirty brown and grays

Who did the Hindu painter Bichitr include in his portrait of Jahangir

A portrait of James I of England

What art movement arose in the United States as result of the emigration of European artist after WWII

Abstract Expressionism

Picasso's Radical Painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon reveals his fascination with ancient Iberian sculpture as well as the artistic traditions of which continent?

Africa

What naturalistic details are evident among International Gothic style conventions in Gentile da Fabriano's Adoration of Magi?

Animals shown from a variety of angles and convincing foreshortening

To enhance the meaning of the main event portrayed, the Portinari Altarpiece includes subsidiary scenes in the background, such as which of the following?

Arrival of the magi

The Chrysler Building by William van Alen displays iconic element of which style?

Art Deco

Which English painter specialized in Grand Manner portraiture focusing on individuals who had played significant roles in critical events such as the American Revolution?

Joshua Reynolds

Which artist painted a series of still lifes that he described as "offerings to the virgin," probably a reference to Mary as the source of spiritual food for the faithful?

Juan Sanchez Cotan

Which figure sits isolated from the rest in Castagno's Last Supper?

Judas

The theme of a grieving mother holding her dead child was explored in many works by which German Expressionist artist?

Kathe Kollwitz

Which of the following works embodies the enlightenment embrace of the values of the Greco-Roman world?

Kauffman, Cornelia presenting her children as her treasures

Sargent's technique of applying paint in thin layers reflect the influence on him of which earlier work?

Las Meninas

Which statement accurately describes the doctrinal differences between Protestantism and Catholicism regarding religious imagery?

Luther felt church decoration distracted viewers from communication with God.

What earlier work does Caravaggio invoke in the hand gesture of Christ in Calling of Saint Matthew?

Michelangelo, Creation of Adam

The earthworks of Christo and Jeanne-Claude did not alter the land but rater did what?

Modified it with cloth

The center of the facade of the Iglesia La Compania de Jesus in Cuzco, Peru, resembles which art form?

Not Baldacco,baroque

Which of the following paintings cannot be viewed as a moralizing work pertaining to the materialism of earthly existence? a. Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights b. Bruegel the Elder, Hunters in the snow c. Massys, Money-changer and his Wife d. Aertsen, Butcher's stall

Not D, I think A

Jean-Paul Sartre saw the sculpture of which artist as embodying his philosophical theory of existentialism which asserts the absurdity of human existence?

Not Donald Judd

What uniquely American style combined Synthetic Cubism with a fascination with the presence of machinery in contemporary life?

Not Futurism

The people shown in the field in van Ruisdael's View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen are engaged in activities related to which Dutch Industry?

Not Growing Flowers from bulbs.

which of the following explains the rise to power of the inka from relatively small highland group in the year 1000 to an empire ruling over thousand of square miles in the 1400s

Skillfull organiztional and tight administration control

Which of the following artist created a modern art style that combined Synthetic cubism with jazz tempos and the energy of American cities?

Stuart Davis

Extreme subjectivity and the wish to perceive a deeper reality were typical of which art movement?

Symbolism

Aaron Douglas's mural From Slavery through reconstruction combines forms and motifs from African art with what European modernist style?

Synthetic Cubism

The use of dark setting/s in Caravaggio's painting is referred to by what art historical term

Tenebrism

Which modern country developed the walking buddha type statue with its distinctive approach to human anatomy

Thailand

What event ended the relative isolation of the American art scene and inspired the development of the American modernist art?

The Armory Show

What makes the artist who painted Shah Tamasp unique among the trained Mughal artist of the time?

The artist was a women

The polish artist Krzysztof Wodiczko developed large scale artworks that include what element?

The projection of slide images

which of the following is the best description of literati painting

personal statement in pictures and words

Which mode of thinking inspired the leading families and many artist of the Early Renaissance in Italy?

Humanism

Figure carving on a maori meeting represent which of the following

real and mythological ancestors

which polynesian group engaged in barkcloth weaving and decorting

tonga

What material did El Anatsui use to create hi Bleeding Takari II?

Bottle Caps and aluminum cans

This first-known self portrait of a women artist is by which painter?

Catherina van Hemessen

Which artist introduced the contrapposto pose to Quattrocento sculpture in his representation of Saint Mark?

Donatello

What served as the setting in each of the painting in Leon Golub's series Mercenaries?

Featureless red background

The emerald Buddha from northern Thailand is probably made of what material

Green Jade

Which of the following is and example of Deconstructivist architecture?

Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao

Which English painter is known for depicting the disappearing beauties of the English countryside during the Industrial Revolution?

John Constable

who was one of the first Romantic artist to depict the dark terrain of the subconscious?

John Henry Fuseli

Which member of The Eight painted scenes from the lives of the underclass of New York City, such as Sixth Avenue and Thirtieth Street?

John Sloan

The Enlightenment notion of "progress" and the scientific revolution are highlighted in the paintings of which artist?

Joseph Wright of Derby

The Quiet and Contemplative painting of Francisco de Zurbaran were well suited to the need of his patrons, which were primarily who?

Monastic Orders

How do oil paints differ from tempera paints? a. they are less transparent b. they are less expensive c. they dry more quickly d. they are easier to rework

Not B I think C

the phoemix may represent the yin the principle characterizing which of the following?

Passive feminine energy

The emphasis on suffering in Gros's Napoleon Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa as well as the detailed depiction of the exotic locale presages the turn to which new style?

Romanticism

How did Masaccio create a sense of bulk in his figures in Tribute Money?

Through modeling with a specific light source outside the picture

What tool do art historians believe Vermeer used to aid in his virtuoso depiction of light?

Camera obscura

What subject was the focus of the work of the American movement known initially as The eight and the as the Ash can School?

The bleak and seedy aspects of city life

the tote emblems of haida poles display information about what

clan groups

J.M.W. Turner's Distinctive style is most recognizable in his use of which element of painting?

color

the asmat have a rich artistic vocabulary of visual symbols in which the femal praying mantis is meant to have what meaning

female power

When confined to the reservation Plains Indians recorded their past exploits and history which medium

ledger books

Who was the primary patron of Kano Masanbu who found the kano style

muromachi shogunate

what is the name of kongo power figure that a trained preist must consecrate?

nkisi n'kondi

What method was used to create this image? a. etching b. engraving c. watercolor d. woodcut

not A, I think D

Which bodies controlled artistic production in Flanders during the Early Renaissances period in northern Europe?

Guilds

In the debate among members of the French Royal Academy regarding the relative superiority of color or form, which side did Watteau favor?

Not Color (poussinistes)

Which Baroque work takes its inspiration from Ovis's Metamorphoses?

Not Velazques, Las Meninas

Which of the following was the purpose of performance Art?

Not to challenge art's function as art

In the Creation of Adam, Michelangelo fashioned the conception of God after which earlier type?

Olympian deities

The Thankful Poor by Tanner is an example of the typical Realist focus on what?

Ordinary people

Thomas Jefferson's redesign of Monticello was influenced by the subject house and which other building?

Palladio's Villa Rotonda

Which artist was an influence on Raphael's perspective system in his Marriage of the Virgin?

Perugino

Which artist combined the innovations of many of the Italian Renaissance and Baroque masters to formulate the first pan-European Painting style?

Peter Paul Rubens

Bloodline: Big Family No. 2 references the Chinese governmental policy of restricting married couples in regard to what?

having only one child

which component of the royal ancestral shrine of the benin represents both the king and enduring nature of kingship?

not elephant tust carving i think bells

what event is depicted on the shrine doors carved by yorba sculptor olowe of ise

not yoruba kings I think british

which major artistic genre was introduced in japan in the late 19th century

oil painting

china is credited with the invention of which of the following pottery types

porcelain

which of the following is an accurate description of shino ware

simple forms and rough surfaces

the depiction of the quetzalcoatl and mictlantecuhtli seen in the borgia codex illustrates which of the following themes

the inevitable relationship of life and death

how did the aesthetic an rituals of the tea ceremony affect the design of theteahouse

the interior space was dim and tiny to enhance togetherness

Why is Machu Picchu of such great archeaological importance?

the site had been left undisturbed since Inka times

Which of the following best describes Barbara Kruger's photo collages?

they are meant to challenge cultural attitudes around gender

what is the primary function of mask and masquearder in traditional African culture

to act as mediators

Akan Akua'ba figures are consecrated at shrince for young women to carry what purpose

to ensure the safe delivey of a child

what is the purpose of animanl scarfices made by the Benin king

to invoke the collective strengh of his ancestor kings

significance of the headdress worn by central figure in this kalabari ancestral screen

trading

what is the interpretation of the murder of coyolxauhqui by her brother Huitzilopochtil

triumph as the sun over the moon

In his painting Geumgangsan Mountain the korean joseon dynasty jeong seon envoke an actual scene and this pictoarial appraoach is referred to as what

true view painting

Which income-producing activity accounts for Dutch middle-class prosperity the 17th century?

not Agriculture

In Leonardo's Last Supper, how did the artist break with traditional iconography?

By placing Judas on the same side of the table as the others

Georges de la Tour's dramatic use of light in Adoration of the Shepherds suggests his Familiarity with the work of which Italian Aristt?

Caravaggio

Which of the following would explain why the Well of Moses created by Claus Sluter did not actually spout water?

Carthusian commitment to silence would preclude any water sounds.

Which element of David's Oath of the Horatti reflects Enlightenment ideals rather than Neoclassicism.

not Subject from Roman history

Which Italian city played the most important role in the development of Renaissance ideas and art forms in the early 15th century?

Florence

What is the fountain created by Claus Sluter for the cloister of Chartreuse de Champmol meant to symbolize?

Font of everlasting life

During which conflict did bands of Calvinists destroy artworks in Catholic churches in Netherlands?

Great Iconoclasm

The Nuremberg Chronicle, a tribute to the new craft of the printed illustrated book, had what as its topic?

History of the world

In The French Ambassadors, Holbein has painted the two French ambassadors to England through the lens of which school of thought?

Humanism

In Pieter Aertsen's Butcher's Stall, which element is a reference to degenerate life?

Oyster and mussel Shells

In the Protestant Dutch Republic, art was mainly commissioned by which group?

Merchant Patrons

What characteristic compositional technique does Leonardo use to unite the figures in Madonna of the Rocks?

Pyramidal grouping

What has Rogier van der Weyden painted this panel to resemble?

Relief Carving

In her self-portrait La Pittura, How does Artemisia Gentileschi break with earlier artists' self-portraits?

She is turned away from the viewer

What principle Renaissance interest is embodied in Masaccio's Holy Trinity alongside realism based on observation?

The application of the new science of perspective

Albrecht Altdorfer's landscape painting Battle of Issus is a reference to what contemporary conflict?

Wilhelm IV's campaign against the Ottoman Turks