Exam 10

Decreased kidney function reduces the elimination of medications. Is this a common change in the elderly? (true or false)

( True) Decreased kidney function reduces the elimination of medications

A woman is believed to have a spinal injury after a motorcycle crash in which she was wearing a helmet. If airway maintenance is possible with a snug-fitting helmet in place, the helmet should be left on the patient and taped to the backboard. Is this true or false?

(true) If airway maintenance is possible with a snug-fitting helmet in place, the helmet should be left on the patient and taped to the backboard.

After gaining access to a patient in an automobile crash, you find that the patient has cold, clammy skin and difficulty breathing. There are no radial pulses, and the carotid pulse is weak and rapid. You should

.rapidly extricate the patient and transport.

How many seconds of inhalation is considered to be adequate ventilation?

1 second

To ventilate your patient using the mouth-to-mask method, you should breathe slowly into his or her mouth for how many seconds?

1 second

What percentage of exhaled oxygen gas concentrations is delivered during rescue breathing?

16%

How many EMT's are needed to maintain immobilization of the cervical spine during helmet removal?

2

In one-rescuer adult CPR, how many ventilations should you give after delivering the appropriate number of chest compressions?

2

In one-rescuer adult CPR, how many chest compressions should you deliver between ventilations?

30

How many vertebrae protect the spinal cord?

33

After a patient is immobilized to a short backboard, your next step is to remove the patient to

a long backboard

Written documentation that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient should he or she become unable to make decisions is a(n)

advance directive

For a helmet to remain on a patient it must NOT prevent access to the patient's

airway

The best indicator of brain injury is

an altered or decreasing mental status.

Elderly patients are at increased risk for abnormal blood-filled dilation of the walls or blood vessels. This condition is known as:

an aneurysm

You arrive on the scene of a motor vehicle crash. The patient is found sitting behind the steering wheel. Your assessment indicates a possible cervical spine injury. Your first action should be to:

apply a cervical spine immobilization collar

If you observe bleeding from a scalp laceration, you should

apply direct pressure with a dry sterile dressing

After ensuring an open airway in a patient with a spinal injury, your next step should be to:

apply in-line cervical stabilization

Despite the lack of obvious signs and symptoms, whenever there is any possibility of spinal injury, you should

apply rigid immobilization

A disease characterized by the hardening and thickening of the arterial walls is called

arteriosclerosis

What is the minimum number of chest compressions that should be delivered per minute to a 4-month-old infant?

at least 100.

A disease in which fatty material is deposited and accumulates in the innermost layer of medium- and large-sized arteries is called

atherosclerosis

The part of the brain responsible for cardiac, respiratory, and other vital life functions is called the:

brain stem

You are for signs of life on an unresponsive patient you discover that there is no movement of air. You should immediately

call for help

Clouding of the lens of the eyes of elderly patients is known as

cataracts

Which part of the nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord?

central

Into what two parts is the nervous system divided?

central and peripheral

The "shock absorber" for the brain is the

cerebrospinal fluid.

The largest part of the brain is the

cerebrum

What are the three major areas of the brain?

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

After stabilizing the head and applying a cervical collar, the first body part to be secured to the short backboard is the

chest

Which of the following techniques should you use to dislodge a foreign body airway obstruction in a patient who is in an advanced stage of pregnancy or one who is very obese?

chest thrusts.

Signs and symptoms of a brain injury include

clear fluid from the ears and nose

A temporary loss of brain function due to injury describes a

concussion

Which of the following nerves allow sensory and motor impulses to be sent from one nerve to another?

connecting

A permanent loss of brain function due to an injury describes a

contusion

The area of the head that contains and protects the brain is called the

cranium

Face cages on sports helmets are attached with clips or straps. They can be removed quickly by

cutting

A patient with a cervical spine injury may have respiratory failure. What can occur if respiratory assistance is delayed?

death

You should deliver chest compressions to an unconscious patient who has no pulse by

delivering compressions over the lower half of the sternum

The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function is known as

dementia

A discoloration of the skin due to the pooling of blood is called

dependent lividity

Any action made by an elderly individual's caregiver that takes advantage of the elderly individual's person, property, or mental state is known as

elder abuse.

Bleeding outside the dura and under the skull is called

epidural

The leading cause of trauma in the elderly is

falls

To improve your ability to communicate with an elderly patient, you should

have the patient put in dentures or hearing aids

During a four-person log roll, the rescuer in charge is at the patient's:

head

A 10% reduction of brain weight may increase an elderly individual's risk for

head trauma

When securing the patient on a long backboard, you should

immobilize the head before the torso

Intracranial bleeding that occurs in the brain tissues is called

intracerebral.

You are called to a home where a patient has fallen down some stairs. You find the patient sitting in a chair. A short backboard should be used on this patient because

it is a safeguard against changing a spinal injury into spinal cord damage

Which of the following maneuvers should be used to open a patient's airway when a cervical spine injury is suspected?

jaw-thrust.

If you already know the mechanism of injury, how could you determine if there is a spinal injury in a conscious patient?

through a history and physical exam

Which of the following methods should be used to open the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury?

trauma jaw thrust

During the initial assessment of an elderly patient, you determine that his level of consciousness is awake and oriented times two. The person is unaware of the year. You assume this is

unexpected and abnormal

The first step in restoring the airway of an unconscious patient with a suspected spinal injury is to

use a jaw-thrust maneuver, keeping the head in the position found

You do not have a cervical collar to fit a patient with a possible cervical spine injury. You are also unable to move the head into the in-line position. Your first step should be to

use a rolled towel and tape the head to a backboard.

A concrete finisher has been hit in the head by a steel girder that was being placed by a crane. The man is unconscious and has a large scalp laceration on the left side of his head, starting just above his ear. The best way to ensure that the worker has an adequate airway is to

use the jaw-thrust maneuver

You are dispatched to the scene of an infant cardiac arrest. En route, you review infant CPR and remember that:

you should deliver chest compressions at a rate of greater than 100/min.

The leading causes of death in the elderly include all of the following EXCEPT A. heart disease. B. cancer. C. stroke. D. asthma/COPD.

D. asthma/COPD.

The concept of polypharmacy in the elderly describes

their being prescribed multiple medications.

Which of the following is an appropriate reason for removing a helmet at the scene?

It is difficult to maintain an open airway with the helmet in place

Is the following statement about providing manual support of the head for a patient with a cervical spine injury true or false? "It must be maintained until the head is secured to a long backboard"

It must be maintained until the head is secured to a long backboard (true)

You arrive on the scene of a motorcycle crash. The patient has point tenderness from the fifth to the seventh cervical vertebrae but is able to move all extremities. The patient has a pulse of 92 beats/min and normal respirations of 16 breaths/min. The patient is wearing an open-face helmet. Cervical immobilization would include

leaving the helmet in place and securing the patient to a backboard

The most important observation you can make and record in a patient with a head injury is any change in the

level of consciousness

The most reliable evaluation you can make while assessing a head injury is to observe and record the patient's

level of consciousness

Which device is used to immobilize patients found in a lying, standing, or sitting position?

long backboard

Injuries of the lower extremities may indicate a problem with what area of the spine?

lumbar

In maintaining stabilization of the cervical spine during helmet removal, one of your hands should be on the patient's

mandible and the other on the occipital region

Spinal injuries can be difficult to detect. Along with the patient's physical signs and symptoms, you must consider the

mechanism of injury

A cervical collar must NOT prevent the patient or you from

opening the airway

What device should be used to maintain an open airway in an unconscious patient?

oropharyngeal airway (OPA)

A reduction in the amount of bone mass leading to fractures after minimal trauma is known as

osteoporosis

To deliver the proper number of chest compressions per minute in one-rescuer adult CPR, you will need to compress the patient's chest at a rate of how many times a minute?

over 100

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indications of ____________ elder abuse.

physical

CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is

prone

Which type of precautions should always be taken first for patients with suspected head injuries?

protect the cervical spine

Your first step in assessing whether a patient has a possible spinal injury is to

question the patient about areas of pain or weakness.

In which of the following positions should a breathing, nontrauma patient be placed to aid in airway management?

recovery

The nervous system has a built-in protection action that withdraws the body from pain. What is this action called?

reflex

You should use rapid extrication to remove the patient when the scene is

threatening

Prehospital care for a large scalp avulsion should include

replacing the flap in its bed and applying a dry, sterile, compression dressing over it.

Being older than 75 years in age, living alone, and recent death of a significant other are

risk factors affecting mortality in the elderly

Bleeding might be more profuse than expected with injuries to the

scalp

You have started caring for a patient who is still sitting in his vehicle after an automobile crash. The patient has pain in his upper back and tingling in his fingers and toes. You should:

secure the patient's trunk to a short backboard before fixing his head to the device.

A man who was ejected from a car is lying in a supine position near the car. He requires immobilization on a long backboard. You should

secure the patient's trunk to the board before his head and neck

Which of the following types of nerves carry information from the body to the central nervous system?

sensory

Once a cervical collar is in place, the collar should support the mandible (lower jaw) and sit on the

shoulder girdle

When you are immobilizing a child to a long backboard, you should place padding under the child's

shoulders

An elderly patient who suffers a heart attack without the presence of chest pain is said to have had a

silent attack

During extrication, a short backboard should only be used to immobilize a patient who is

sitting

In questioning an elderly patient, the best type of question to use is

specific

Which part of the nervous system is an extension of the brain and is protected by the spinal canal?

spinal cord

What are the two most used types of helmets?

sports and motorcycle

As you assess a conscious patient, you should examine the lower extremities for

strength

A widening of the blood vessels causing in a drop in blood pressure and inadequate blood flow to the brain is likely to cause

syncope

An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in fainting is called

syncope

The preferred initial treatment to dislodge a foreign body airway obstruction in conscious adults and children is

the Heimlich maneuver

A cervical collar should NOT be used if

the in-line position cannot be achieved

When you suspect a head injury, it is important to look at

the mechanism of injury