Exam 1_SA&D_Terms

Tangible benefit

A benefit derived from the creation of an information system that can be measured in dollars & with certainty.

Intangible benefit

A benefit derived from the creation of an information system that cannot be easily measured in dollars or with certainty

Internet-of-things (IoT)

A broad class of physical objects that feature an internet address & connectivity that communicate between these objects and other internet-enabled devices and systems.

Project Management

A controlled process of initiating, planning. executing, and closing down a project.

Tangible Cost

A cost associated with an information system that can be measured in dollars & with certainty,

Intangible Cost

A cost associated with an information system that cannot be easily measured in terms of dollars or with certainty.

One-Time Cost

A cost associated with project start-up and development or system start-up.

Recurring cost

A cost resulting from the ongoing evolution & use of a system.

Network diagram

A diagram that depicts project tasks and their interrelationships.

Project Scope Statement (PSS)

A document prepared for the customer that describes what the project will deliver & outlines generally at a high lever all work required to complete the project.

Request for proposal (RFP)

A document provided to vendors that asks them to propose hardware and system software that will meet the requirements of a new system.

Bottom-Up Planning

A generic information systems planning methodology that identifies and defines IS development projects based upon solving operational business problems or taking advantage of some business opportunities.

Top-Down Planning

A generic information systems planning methodology that identifies and defines IS development projects based upon solving operational business problems or taking advantage of some business opportunities.

Gnatt Chart

A graphical representation of a project that shows each task as a horizontal bar whose length is proportional to its time for completion.

Internet

A large, worldwide network of networks that use a common protocol t communicate with each other.

Object class

A logical grouping of objects that have the same (or similar) attributes and behaviors (methods).

Baseline Project Plan (BPP)

A major outcome & deliverable from the project initiation & planning phase that contains the best estimate of a project's scope, benefits, costs, risks, & resource requirments.

Walk-through

A peer group review of any product created during the systems development process; also called a structured walk-through.

Project

A planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end.

Technical Feasibility

A process of assessing the development organization's ability to construct a proposed system.

Economic feasibility

A process of identifying the financial benefits & costs associated with a development project.

Critical path scheduling

A scheduling technique whose order and duration of a sequence of task activities directly affect the completion date of a project.

Objective statements

A series of statements that express an organization's qualitative and quantitative goals for reaching a desired future.

Project charter

A shorter document prepared for the customer during project initiation that describes what the project will deliver and outlines generally at a high level all work required to complete the project.

Systems development methodology

A standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement and maintain information systems.

Mission Statement

A statement that makes it clear what business a company is in.

Incremental commitment

A strategy in systems analysis and design in which the project is reviewed after each phase and continuation of the project is rejustified.

Object

A structure that encapsulates (or packages) attributes and methods that operate on those attributes. An object is an abstraction of a real-world thing in which data and processes are replaced together to model the structure and behavior of the real-world object.

Feasibility Study

A study that determines if the proposed information system makes sense for the organization form an economic and operational standpoint.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) Systems

A system integrates individual traditional business functions into a series of modules so that a single transaction occurs seamlessly within a single information system rather than several separate systems.

Project Manager

A systems analyst with a diverse set of skills-management, leadership, technical, conflict management, and customer relationship-who is responsible for initiating, planning. executing, and closing down a project

PERT (Program evaluation Review Technique)

A technique that uses optimistic, pesimistic, and realistic time estimates to calculate the expected time for a particular task.

Break-Even analysis

A type of cost-benefit analysis to identify at what point (if ever) benefits equal cost.

Deliverable

An end product of an SDLC phase

Rational unified Process (RUP)

An object-oriented systems development methodology. RUP establishes four phases orf development. inception, elaboration, construction, and transition. Each phase is organized into a number of separate iterations.

Corporate Strategic Planning

An ongoing process that defines the mission, objectives, and strategies of an organization.

Project Workbook

An online repository for all project-related documents that is used for performing project audits, orienting new team members, communicating with management and customers, identifying future projects, and performing post-project reviews.

Information Systems Planning (ISP)

An orderly means of assessing the information needs of an organization and defining the systems, databases, & technologies that will best satisfy those needs.

Resources

Any person, group of people, piece of equipment, or material used in accomplishing an activity.

What is the second major activity in the project identification and selection process?

Classifying IS development projects

If an organization is using applications rented from a third party vendor running in a remote location, they are most likely using what type of software systems?

Cloud Computing

Application Software

Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes

Working closely with customers to ensure that project deliverables meet expectations is a ______ activity of a project manager

Customer relations

Which of the following is NOT an example of a project risk assessment factor?

Customers commitment to a system.

An example of a prepackage narrow, niche package offering?

Day care management software

_______ is the software reuse step that involves the design of a reusable piece of software, starting from existing software assests or from scratch.

Designed Reuse

This is NOT a purpose for a baseline project plan

Eliminate risks

Keith has to develop the ________ matrix which identifies which processes are used to support each business function

Function-to-process

To construct the Gnatt chart, a __________ is drawn for each activity that reflects its sequence & duration

Horizontal line

Electronic Commerce (EC)

Internet-based communication to support day-to-day government business, and consumer activities.

In the _____ phase of the SDLC cycles, the system may be modified so reflect the evolving business conditions.

Maintenance

In choosing an off-the-shelf software solution & the supported task is generic, which type of software package would you use?

Packaged software producer

Which of the following is NOT valued according to the Agile Manifest for software development?

Prioritizing the plan over the change required

___________ is a controlled process of initiating, planning, executing, & closing down a project

Project management

Sasha reminded her team to add their project-related documents to the _______ so a proper audit could be conducted/

Project workbook

A traditional methodology used to develop, maintain , & replace information systems?

Prototyping

Object-Oriented analysis and design (OOAD)

Systems development methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than data or processes.

______ is/are the process(es) that an analyst will follow to help ensure that his work is complete, well-done, and understood by project team members

Techniques

Analysis

The 2nd phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and structured.

Design

The 3rd phase of the SDLC in which the description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and then physical system specifications.

Slack time

The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project.

Information systems analysis and design

The complex organizational process whereby computer-based information systems are developed and maintained.

Time value of money (TVM)

The concept that money available today is worth more than the same amount tomorrow.

COCOMO

The construction coast model (COCOMO0 is automated software estimation model that uses historical project data and current as well as future project characteristics to estimate project costs.

Total cost of ownership (TcO)

The cost of owning & operating a system, including the total cost of acquisition, as well as all costs associated with its ongoing use & maintenance.

Present value

The current value of a future cash flow.

Maintenance

The final phase of the SDLC, in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved.

Project closedown

The final phase of the project management process that focuses on bringing a project to an end.

Planning

The first phase of the SDLC in which an organization's total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged.

Project initiation

The first phase of the project management process in which activities are performed to assess the size, scope, and complexity of the project and to establish procedures to support later project activities.

Implementation

The fourth phase of the SDLC, in which the information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization.

What is a large network of networks?

The internet

Business Case

The justification for an information system, presented in terms of the tangible and intangible economic benefits & costs & the technical & organizational feasibility of the proposed system.

Competitive Strategy

The method by which an organization attempts to achieve its mission and objectives.

Systems analyst

The organizational role most responsible for the analysis and design of information systems

Logical Design

The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform.

Physical Design

The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which the logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished.

Outsourcing

The practice of turning over responsibility for some or all of an organization's information systems applications & operations to an outside firm.

Affinity Clustering

The process of arranging planning matrix information so that clusters of information with a predetermined level or type of affinity are placed next to each other on a matrix report.

Legal & Contractual feasibility

The process of assessing potential legal & cintractual ramifications due to the construction of a system.

Operational Feasibility

The process of assessing the degree to which a proposed system solves business problems or takes advantage of business opportunities.

Schedule Feasibility

The process of assessing the degree to which the potential time frame & completion dates for all major activities within a project meet organizational deadlines & constraints for affecting change.

Work breakdown structure

The process of dividing the project into manageable tasks and logically ordering them to ensure a smooth evolution between tasks.

Political Feasibility

The process of evaluating how key stakeholders within the organization view proposed system.

Inheritance

The property that occurs when entity types or object classes are are arranged in a hierarchy and each entity type or object class assumes the attributes and methods of its ancestors, that is, those higher up in the in the hierarchy, inheritance allows new but related classes to be derived from existing classes.

Cloud Computing

The provision of computing resources, including application, over the internet, so customers do not have to invest in the computing infrastructures needed to run and maintain the resources.

Discount rate

The rate of return used to compute the present value of future cash flows.

Project Planning

The second phase of the project management process that focuses on the defining clear, discrete activities and the work needed to complete each activity within a single project.

Critical path

The shortest time in which a project can be completed

Project execution

The third phahse of the project management process in which the plans created in the prior phases (project initiation and planning) are put into action.

Systems development Life cycle (SDLC)

The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems

Reuse

The use of previously written software resources, especially objects and components, in the new applications.

Which term means that money available today is worth more than the same amount tomorrow?

Time Value of money

Which approach to planning begins with an analysis of an organization's mission?

Top-down planning

Value Chain Analysis

analyzing an organizaation's activities to determine where value is added to products and/or services and the costs incurred for doing so; it usually also includes a comparison with the activities, added value, and costs of other organizations for the purpose of making improvements in the organization's operations and performance.