EXAM 2

Myofilaments _____________. a) Include actin and myosin b) are specific types of microfilaments c) are responsible for shortening muscle cells d) All of the listed responses are correct

d) All of the listed responses are correct

Which of the following characteristics does not belong to the lumbar region? a) Large size overall b) Blunt spinous process c) Bulky centrum d) Elongated spinous process

d) Elongated spinous process An elongated spinous process is a characteristic of the thoracic region.

Identify the socket of the shoulder joint. a) Lateral Border b) Spine c) Coracoid Process d) Glenoid Cavity

d) Glenoid Cavity The glenoid cavity is a round flat surface that serves as the socket of the shoulder joint. because of its flat nature, the joint is highly moveable. It is stabilized by the rotator cuff muscles.

What part of the humerus articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint? a) Trochlea b) Deltoid Tuberosity c) Greater Tubercle d) Head

d) Head The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapulae to form the shoulder joint. The shoulder joint is considered to be a ball and socket joint.

The deltoid tuberosity is found on which of the bones listed below? a) Radius b) Tibia c) Ulna d) Humerus

d) Humerus

A tendon sheath is an elongated membranous sac filled with synovial fluid that wraps around a tendon. a) True b) False

a) True

Synarthroses are freely movable joints. a) True b) False

b) False

The bone of the forearm that directly and functionally articulates with the carpals is the a) Ulna b) Lunate c) Radius d) Humerus

b) Radius

An example of a false rib that is also a floating rib is a) rib 8 b) rib 1 c) rib 11 d) rib 7

c) rib 11 Floating ribs are the 11th and 12th pair.

The ribs that are attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae but are not attached anteriorly are known as a) the true ribs b) the false ribs c) the floating ribs d) vertebrosternal ribs

c) the floating ribs

How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs? a) 7 b) 8 c) 12 d) 5

d) 5 5 pairs or ribs are false ribs. False ribs either attach to the sternum indirectly by articulating with the costal cartilage of the rib above it, or do not attach to the sternum at all.

The coronoid process is part of the a) Radius b) Ulna c) Carpal Bones d) Humerus

d) Ulna

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

Atlas The atlas is essentially a ring of bone. Its structure is highly specialized to articulate with the skull. This bone supports and carries the skull at the top of the vertebral column.

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

Atlas - Axis The prominent projection known as dens on the axis forms a pivot joint with the atlas, allowing the atlas to rotate around the axis. The axis is a very sensible name for C2 since it serves as a central axis for rotation of the atlas.

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

Axis The axis has a bony projection called the odontoid process that articulates with the atlas (C1). C1 can pivot around C2, allowing us to rotate our head/shake head "no".

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".

Occipital Bone - Atlas This articulation is found towards the top of the vertebral column. The pad-like occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the plate-like superior articular processes of the atlas, forming the atlantooccipital joint. The articular surfaces permit nodding of the head in a "yes" motion (flexion and extension).

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.

Occipital Condyles The cranial bone is in contact with the vertebral column. The occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the atlas, forming the atlantooccipital joint.

How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine? a) 12 b) 7 c) 1 d) 5

a) 12 The ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae. Human beings have 12 total thoracic vertebrae. These vertebrae articulate with the ribs (humans have a total of 12 pairs of ribs).

The bone that has a trochlea, a capitulum, and a greater tubercle is the a) Femur b) Humerus c) Tibia d) Fibula

b) Humerus

The "cells" of both skeletal muscle and this muscle type are correctly called muscle fibers. a) Serous Muscle b) Smooth Muscle c) Cardiac Muscle

b) Smooth Muscle

In striated muscle, the I band is where a) thick and thin filaments occur b) thin filaments occur c) only thick filaments occur d) H zones occur

b) thin filaments occur

Structural classification of joints _______________. a) Includes synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses b) Is based on the amount of movement allowed c) Includes fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial d) All of the listed responses are correct

c) Includes fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen? a) Spinal Cord b) Spinal Nerve Roots c) Intervertebral Discs d) Dura Mater

c) Intervertebral Discs The vertebral foramen align and form the vertebral canal. The intervertebral discs are located in between the vertebral bodies. They form a symphysis with the bodies and act as a shock absorber.

Identify the bone that makes up the pectoral girdle with the clavicle. a) Rib b) Sternum c) Scapula d) Humerus

c) Scapula Together the scapula and clavicle form the pectoral girdle, an incomplete bony ring surrounding the upper thorax. The pectoral girdle is the bony foundation of the shoulder.

How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum? a) 5 b) 8 c) 12 d) 7

d) 7 There are 7 pairs of true ribs in the human body. True ribs articulate directly with the sternum.

Which region of the scapula does articulate with another bone? a) Lateral Border b) Medial Border c) Suprascapular Notch d) Acromion Process

d) Acromion Process The acromion articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle, forming the acromioclavicular joint.

Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle. a) Coracoid Process b) Glenoid Cavity c) Spine d) Acromion Process

d) Acromion Process The acromion process is the knoblike ending at the lateral end of the scapular spine. It articulates with the clavicle forming the acromioclavicular joint. The clavicle articulates with the sternum on its medial surface and the scapula on its lateral surface.

The area that contains no thin filaments is known as the a) intercalated disc b) I band c) A band d) H zone

d) H zone

The bone that has a trochlear notch, an olecranon process, and a coronoid process is the a) Radius b) Tibia c) Femur d) Ulna

d) Ulna

Any long axon is called a nerve fiber. a) True b) False

a) True

Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers wrapped together within perimysium. a) True b) False

a) True

General visceral sensory impulses include pain, temperature, nausea, and hunger. a) True b) False

a) True

In the proximal row of carpals, there are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform, from lateral to medial. a) True b) False

a) True

Intracapsular ligaments, such as the cruciate ligaments, are covered with a synovial membrane. a) True b) False

a) True

Kyphosis is an exaggerated thoracic curvature of the spine. a) True b) False

a) True

One could characterize a bursa as a sac of synovial fluid. a) True b) False

a) True

Osteoporosis of the spine often leads to kyphosis, often called the "dowager's hump" in elderly individuals. a) True b) False

a) True

The Z discs, sometimes referred to as Z lines, defined each sarcomere at both ends. a) True b) false

a) True

The interosseous membrane is a type of syndesmosis. a) True b) False

a) True

The metacarpus is the palm of the hand a) True b) False

a) True

The origin of a muscle can also be an insertion, depending on the position of the body and the movement being performed. a) True b) False

a) True

The term process in anatomical terminology means any prominence on a bone. a) True b) False

a) True

The thumb has no middle phalanx. a) True b) False

a) True

The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back. a) True b) False

a) True The 5 lumbar vertebrae are located between the thoracic region and the sacrum, making up the lower back.

The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region. a) True b) False

a) True The spinous process of a lumbar vertebra is blunt, not pointed as in the thoracic region or bifid as seen in the cervical region.

Of the following, which is the only structure that is found in the PNS, as opposed to in the CNS? a) a ganglion b) white matter c) a tract d) gray matter

a) a ganglion

A joint between a tooth and its socket is a) a gomphosis b) a suture c) a synostosis d) an ankylosis

a) a gomphosis

An example of a pivot joint is the a) atlantoaxial joint b) sagittal suture c) distal tibiofibular joint d) suture

a) atlantoaxial joint

Vesicles containing neurotransmitters are located in a) axon terminals b) the nodes of Ranvier c) a synaptic cleft d) the postsynaptic region of dendrites

a) axon terminals

A node of Ranvier (myelin sheath gap) a) is a bare region of axonal membrane in myelinated axons only b) occurs only in ganglia c) is one segment of the myelin sheath d) occurs in the PNS but not in the CNS

a) is a bare region of axonal membrane in myelinated axons only

Which part or parts of the neuron are found in the white matter of the central nervous system? a) long axonal processes b) central processes of unipolar neurons c) cell bodies and dendrites d) all parts of the neuron: dendrites, cell bodies, axonal process

a) long axonal processes The white matter of the CNS is composed of long myelinated and non-myelinated axons. All neuronal cell bodies are located in gray matter in the CNS.

White matter represents a) myelinated axons traveling together in the CNS b) aggregations of neuron cell bodies in the brain c) aggregations of neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord d) dendrites traveling together in the ANS

a) myelinated axons traveling together in the CNS

The chemical substance that is released at axon terminals is called a a) neurotransmitter b) hormone c) nissl body d) synaptic vesicle

a) neurotransmitter

A joint capsule (articular capsule) has two layers. The function of the capsule's internal layer is to a) produce synovial fluid b) contain all of the nerves and blood vessels of the joint c) act as a meniscus d) strengthen the joint against tension

a) produce synovial fluid

Identify the central portion of the sternum. a) Soma b) Body c) Manubrium d) Xiphoid Process

b) Body The body of the sternum is the largest region, occupying the space between the manubrium and the xiphoid process.

Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib. a) Transverse Costal Facet b) Demi-Facet c) Lamina d) Pedicle

b) Demi-facet The head of a rib occupies an area between 2 vertebrae. The demi-facets are located on the lateral posterior regions of the bodies of the thoracic vertebral. Together, the superior demi-facet of one vertebra and the inferior demi-facet of the neighboring vertebra create a facet where the head of a rib articulates with the vertebral column.

A neuron is a collection of nerve fibers in the PNS. a) True b) False

b) False

Of the surrounding connective tissues of the muscle, the endomysium is the most superficial. a) True b) False

b) False

Scoliosis is an accentuated lumbar curvature of the spine. a) True b) False

b) False

The atlantoaxial joint is a saddle joint. a) True b) False

b) False

The coracoid process of the scapula articulates with the clavicle. a) True b) False

b) False

The distal end of the ulna is the olecranon process. a) True b) False

b) False

The somatic motor subdivision of the peripheral nervous system is considered to be an involuntary nervous system. a) True b) False

b) False

The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton. a) True b) False

b) False The lumbar vertebrae are part of the vertebral column, which is part of the axial skeleton.

The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column. a) True b) False

b) False The overall size of the vertebrae increase from the top of the vertebral column to the bottom.

The head of a rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra. a) True b) False

b) False The tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra.

The first 10 pairs of ribs are true ribs. a) True b) False

b) False There are 7 pairs of true ribs.

At the shoulder joint, the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula at the a) Acromion Process b) Glenoid Cavity c) Subscapular Fossa d) Coracoid Process

b) Glenoid Cavity

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it. a) Superior Articular Process b) Inferior Articular Process c) Spinous Process d) Transverse Processes

b) Inferior Articular Process The inferior articular processes contact the superior articular process of the vertebra below it, forming a moveable synovial joint.

This type of muscle makes up the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and uterus. a) Skeletal Muscle b) Smooth Muscle c) Cardiac Muscle

b) Smooth Muscle

Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively? a) Superiorly: Lumbar and Inferiorly: Coccyx b) Superiorly: Cervical and Inferiorly: Lumbar c) Superiorly: Lumbar and Inferiorly: Cervical d) Superiorly: Cervical and Inferiorly: Sacrum

b) Superiorly: Cervical and Inferiorly: Lumbar

Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib. a) Demi-facet b) Transverse Costal Facet c) Superior Articular Facet d) Inferior Articular Facet

b) Transverse Costal Facet The tubercle of a rib is a bony bump found distal to the head and neck. The transverse costal facet is a slight depression found on the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra. It contacts the tubercle of a rib as the rib extends laterally.

All of these bones are in proximal row of four carpal bones except the a) Pisiform b) Trapezoid c) Triquetral d) Scaphoid

b) Trapezoid

The rotator cuff muscles attach to the humerus at the a) Epicondyles b) Tubercles c) Deltoid Tuberosity d) Supracondylar Ridges

b) Tubercles

The laminae and pedicles together form the __________. a) Intervertebral Arch b) Vertebral Arch c) Superior and Inferior Articular Facets d) Spinal Arch e) Vertebral Foramen and Transverse Processes of a Vertebra

b) Vertebral Arch

Synovial fluid is a) identical to blood plasma b) a filtrate of the blood, with added glycoproteins c) an extract from the bone marrow d) fluid from edema

b) a filtrate of the blood, with added glycoproteins

Capsular ligaments a) are located outside the joint capsule b) are thickened parts of the joint capsule itself c) separate the synovial cavity into compartments d) are covered by synovial membrane

b) are thickened parts of the joint capsule itself

Symphyses and synchondroses ________________. a) are synovial joints that do not allow movement between articulating bones b) are types of cartilaginous joints c) contain joint cavities d) allow differing amounts of movement based on degree of muscle tone at that joint e) are all types of fibrous joints

b) are types of cartilaginous joints

An example of a saddle-shaped synovial joint is the a) radioulnar joint b) carpometacarpal of digit 1 c) glenohumeral joint d) temporomandibular joint

b) carpometacarpal of digit 1

Which of the following most immediately encases the smallest component of a nerve? a) epineurium b) endoneurium c) perineurium d) fascicle

b) endoneurium

Saddle joints are located in which joints? a) carpometacarpal joints 2-5 b) sternoclavicular joint and carpometacarpal joint 1 c) adjacent phalanges in digits 2-5 d) between the sternum and ribs 2-7

b) sternoclavicular joint and carpometacarpal joint 1

Which bones articulate with the distal radius to form the wrist joint? a) the distal ulna and trapezium b) the scaphoid and lunate c) the lunate, triquetrum, and distal ulna d) the proximal row of carpals e) the triquetrum, pisiform, and distal ulna

b) the scaphoid and lunate

The sternal angle is at the same level as rib number. a) 5 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

c) 2

How many ribs make up the rib cage? a) 12 b) 10 c) 24 d) 8

c) 24 The rib cage is composed of 12 pairs of ribs, 24 ribs in total. The 12 pairs of ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly.

Which region of the skeleton contains the humerus? a) Pectoral Girdle b) Axial c) Appendicular d) Rib Cage

c) Appendicular The appendicular consists of all of the bones that make up the arm, hand, leg, and foot.

In this part of a neuron, neurofilaments, actin microfilaments, and microtubules are particularly abundant, providing structural support and a transport network. a) Synapse b) Axon Terminal c) Axon d) Cell Body e) Dendrite

c) Axon

This neuronal region transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body. a) Synapse b) Axon Terminal c) Axon d) Cell Body e) Dendrite

c) Axon

What are bursae and what is their function in the synovial joints in which they are located? a) Bursae are the small bones found within tendons that alter the direction of pull of a tendon. b) Bursae are cartilaginous pads that help articulating bones fit together better. c) Bursae are fibrous sacs of synovial fluid that decrease friction during movement. d) None of the listed responses is correct.

c) Bursae are fibrous sacs of synovial fluid that decrease friction during movement.

This type of muscle is found in the heart. a) Skeletal Muscle b) Smooth Muscle c) Cardiac Muscle

c) Cardiac Muscle

Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone. a) Glenoid cavity b) Acromion Process c) Coracoid Process d) Coronoid Process

c) Coracoid Process The coracoid process of the scapula is found on the lateral side of the bone projecting anteriorly and laterally. Pectoralis minor inserts on the coracoid process.

Which of the following landmarks found on the proximal end of the humerus? a) Deltoid Tuberosity b) Medial Epicondyle c) Greater Tubercle d) Capitulum

c) Greater Tubercle

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column? a) 5 b) 7 c) 12 d) 4

5 vertebrae (L1 - L5). The lumbar region is a smaller region than the cervical and thoracic regions.

The clavicle belongs to which of the following areas? a) Appendicular Skeleton b) Axial Skeleton c) Arm d) Rib Cage

a) Appendicular Skeleton The bones making up the arms and legs, along with the pectoral and pelvic girdles, which anchor the limbs on to the axial skeleton make up the appendicular skeleton.

Which of the following is the correct path an impulse takes across a synapse? a) Axon of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron b) Dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, axon of postsynaptic neuron c) Synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron, axon of presynaptic neuron d) Axon of postsynaptic neuron, dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft

a) Axon of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron

Identify the major weight bearing part of a vertebra. a) Body b) Transverse Process c) Vertebral Foramen d) Lamina

a) Body The disk shaped bodies of vertebrae are stable and stackable. Most weight is distributed in this region.

Which bony articulation attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton? a) Clavicle articulating with the sternum b) Scapula articulating with the ribs c) Humerus articulating with the scapula d) Clavicle articulating with the acromion of the scapula

a) Clavicle articulating with the sternum The sternoclavicular joint attaches the pectoral girdle, and thus the upper limb, to the axial skeleton.

Identify the common name for the clavicle. a) Collarbone b) Rib c) Breast Bone d) Shoulder Blade

a) Collarbone The clavicles run horizontally across the top of the chest in the region of the collar of a shirt.

The subscapular fossa lies inferior to the spine and faces posteriorly. a) True b) False

a) False The subscapular fossa faces anteriorly.

Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra. a) Head b) Neck c) Tuberosity d) Tubercle

a) Head The proximal end of the rib articulates with the vertebral column. The head of a rib articulates in a region between 2 thoracic vertebrae, contacting the inferior demi-facet of the top vertebra, and the superior demi-facet of the bottom vertebra.

Which of the following landmarks is found on the distal end of the humerus? a) Lateral Epicondyle b) Lesser Tubercle c) Neck d) Greater Tubercle

a) Lateral Epicondyle The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is on the lateral distal surface of the bone. It serves as a site of muscle attachment.

Identify the depression found on the posterior surface of the humerus. a) Olecranon Fossa b) Head c) Medial Epicondyle d) Coronoid Fossa

a) Olecranon Fossa This depression permits for extension of the forearm. The olecranon fossa is the large depression at the distal end of the humerus. The olecranon fossa of the humerus together with the olecranon process of the ulna permit full extension of the forearm.

The styloid process on lateral side of the antebrachium is found on which of the bones listed below? a) Radius b) Tibia c) Ulna d) Humerus

a) Radius

The ulnar notch is found on which of the bones listed below? a) Radius b) Tibia c) Ulna d) Humerus

a) Radius

The scapula is the site of origin of a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Identify this muscle group. a) Rotator Cuff b) Upper Arm Flexor c) Upper Arm Abductor d) Upper Arm Extensor

a) Rotator Cuff The 4 muscles that make up the rotator cuff originate on the scapula and insert on the proximal humerus. These muscles work to stabilize the shoulder joint, working to prevent the head of the humerus from dislocating out of the glenoid fossa.

The spine of the scapula ____________. a) Separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae and ends in the acromion b) is the same as its medial border c) is on the anterior surface of the scapula d) is the indentation that serves as a passageway for the suprascapular nerve e) is the shortest border of the scapula

a) Separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae and ends in the acromion

The biceps and the deltoid muscle are of this type. a) Skeletal Muscle b) Smooth Muscle c) Cardiac Muscle

a) Skeletal Muscle

This is the site of communication between neurons. a) Synapse b) Axon Terminal c) Axon d) Cell Body e) Dendrite

a) Synapse

What does the costal tubercle of a rib articulate with? a) Transverse Process of Thoracic Vertebrae b) Vertebral Body of Thoracic Process c) Costal Cartilage of Thoracic Cage d) Vertebral Lamina of Thoracic Vertebrae

a) Transverse Process of Thoracic Vertebrae

To which surface does the trochlear notch of the ulna articulate? a) Trochlea of the Humerus b) Olecranon Fossa of the Humerus c) Capitulum of the Humerus d) Head of the Radius

a) Trochlea of the Humerus The trochlea notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus. Once you articulate these adjoining surfaces, the names makes sense.

Identify the specific process by which the clavicle develops. a) Osteogenesis b) Primary Ossification c) Intramembranous Ossification d) Endochondral Ossification

c) Intramembranous Ossification The clavicles and the cranial bones of the skull develop from a fibrous membrane. This process is known as intramembranous ossification.

Swayback, which sometimes occurs in obese individuals, is also called a) Scoliosis b) Kyphosis c) Lordosis d) Hunchback

c) Lordosis

The main function of synovial fluid is a) Removing metabolic wastes b) Nourishing bone c) Lubrication d) Cooling

c) Lubrication

A vertebra that has a bifid spinous process, transverse processes with foramina, superior facets directed superoposteriorly, and a small vertebral body is ____________. a) One of the thoracic vertebra b) C2, the axis vertebra c) One of the cervical vertebra C3 - C7 d) One of the lumbar vertebra

c) One of the cervical vertebra C3-C7

All of the bones of the digits are collectively known as a) Tarsals b) Carpals c) Phalanges d) Metacarpals

c) Phalanges

The supraspinous fossa is in the __________ region of the scapula. a) Anteroinferior b) Anterosuperior c) Posterosuperior d) Posteroinferior

c) Posterosuperior

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region? a) Coccygeal b) Thoracic c) Sacral d) Cervical

c) Sacral The sacrum is located below the lumbar region, articulating superiorly with L5 and inferiorly with the coccyx.

Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula? a) Lateral Border b) Glenoid Cavity c) Spine d) Coracoid Process

c) Spine Knowing which landmarks are found on the front and back of the bone can help distinguish right from left. The anterior surface of the scapula is smooth and flat. The spine of the scapula is on the back of the bone and can easily be palpated.

Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle medially. a) Scapula b) First Rib c) Sternum d) Humerus

c) Sternum The medial, or sternal end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.

Which structural type of joint is illustrated here joining the shaft of the radius to the ulna? a) amphiathrosis b) synchondrosis c) syndesmosis d) suture

c) Syndesmosis The interosseous membrane is a syndesmosis, a type of fibrous joint.

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra. a) Spinous Process b) Superior Articular Process c) Transverse Process d) Lamina

c) Transverse Process These projections serve as sites for muscle attachment. The transverse processes of a vertebra project laterally from the junction of the lamina and pedicle.

Identify the region of the humerus that articulates with the ulna. a) Capitulum b) Medial Epicondyle c) Trochlea d) Head

c) Trochlea The trochlear notch of the ulna swings around the trochlea of the humerus forming the hinge joint of the elbow.

Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra. a) Neck b) Head c) Tubercle d) Shaft

c) Tubercle A projection on a rib contacts the transverse process of a vertebra. The tubercle of a rib is located between the neck and shaft of the rib at the proximal end of the bone. It contacts the transverse process at the transverse costal facet.

The olecranon process is found on which of the bones listed below? a) Radius b) Tibia c) Ulna d) Humerus

c) Ulna

The trochlear notch is found on which of the bones listed below? a) Radius b) Tibia c) Ulna d) Humerus

c) Ulna

A muscle fascicle is a) a bundle of myofilaments b) a tendon c) a bundle of cells d) a single muscle cell

c) a bundle of cells

The visceral motor division of the PNS __________. a) regulates only the parasympathetic division of the ANS b) includes taste and smell c) regulates the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle by the body's many glands d) regulates only the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

c) regulates the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle by the body's many glands

Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum. a) Fibrocartilage b) Elastic Cartilage c) Dense Regular Connective Tissue d) Hyaline Cartilage

d) Hyaline Cartilage This tissue is known as costal cartilage. The costal cartilage that anchors the ribs onto the sternum is hyaline cartilage. Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage in the body.

Which of the bony landmarks listed below is not part of the distal end of the humerus? a) Olecranon Fossa b) Trochlea c) Capitulum d) Intertubercular Sulcus

d) Intertubercular Sulcus

Which feature of vertebral column is homologous to the anterior and posterior sacral foramina? a) Vertebral Foramen b) Transverse Foramina c) Sacral Canal d) Intervertebral Foramina

d) Intervertebral Foramina The sacrum is composed of five fused vertebrae. The sacral foramina form from the intervertebral foramina, between the vertebrae.

Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum. a) Body b) Xiphoid Process c) Gladiolus d) Manubrium

d) Manubrium This region is also described as having the shape of the knot on a necktie. The manubrium is the superior most region of the sternum. It articulates with both the clavicle and the first rib.

Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle laterally. a) First Rib b) Humerus c) Sternum d) Scapula

d) Scapula The clavicle forms the pectoral girdle with the bone it articulates with laterally. The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion process of the scapula forming the acromioclavicular joint.

Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane. a) Inferior Articular Process b) Superior Articular Process c) Transverse Process d) Spinous Process

d) Spinous Process The spinous process extends posteriorly in a median plane. It serves as a site of muscle and ligament attachment.

Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest? a) T5 b) T1 c) T7 d) T12

d) T12 There are 12 thoracic vertebrae. The size of the individual vertebrae increase from the top of the column to the bottom, therefore the last thoracic vertebra, T12, would be the largest.

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region? a) Sacral b) Cervical c) Coccygeal d) Thoracic

d) Thoracic The 12 thoracic vertebrae are found above the 5 lumbar vertebrae in an articulated vertebral column.

What part of the sternum is palpated (touched gently) prior to giving CPR? a) Sternal Angle b) Body c) Manubrium d) Xiphoid Process

d) Xiphoid Process The heart lies deep to this region. When administering CPR, care must be taken not to apply direct pressure to the xiphoid process. Injury can result from the xiphoid process being broken off and damaging vital organs found deep to it.

An aponeurosis is a) a nerve to a muscle b) clinical pain in a muscle c) a large muscle d) a sheet of dense connective tissue

d) a sheet of dense connective tissue

The lateral movement of the arms away from the body is called a) adduction b) extension c) flexion d) abduction

d) abduction

The basic components of the peripheral nervous system are ___________ and __________. a) the parasympathetic; sympathetic divisions of the ANS b) motor nerve fibers, the autonomic nervous system c) the brain; cranial nerves d) cranial nerves; spinal nerves e) the spinal cord; somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers

d) cranial nerves; spinal nerves

Ganglia represent a) groups of dendrites b) groups of axons c) groups of synapses d) groups of neuron cell bodies

d) groups of neuron cell bodies

A somatic motor neuron carries a) information, such as pain, from the viscera in the ventral cavity to the CNS b) information from the skin to the CNS c) information that signals muscle contraction in the organs in the ventral cavity d) motor commands to the skeletal musculature

d) motor commands to the skeletal musculature

Which ribs are considered false ribs? a) ribs 1-7 b) ribs 8-10 c) ribs 11-12 d) ribs 8-12

d) ribs 8-12

Myelin on axons functions to a) make the axons live longer b) store nutrients (fat) for use by the neurons c) cover nodes of Ranvier d) speed the rate of impulse conduction and insulate neighboring axons from one another

d) speed the rate of impulse conduction and insulate neighboring axons from one another

What is the functional classification of the joint at the epiphyseal plate? a) amphiarthrosis b) syndesmosis c) synchondrosis d) synarthosis

d) synarthosis The epiphyseal plates are immovable joints.

A thoracic vertebra without a transverse costal facet must be _________. a) T8 - T10 b) Any of the vertebrae T2 - T7. c) T1 d) All thoracic vertebrae have transverse costal facets. e) T11 - T12

e) T11 - T12 T11 and T12 lack articular sites on their transverse processes.

Gliding joints __________. a) allow flexion and extension as well as adduction and abduction b) include the first carpometacarpal joint c) are uniaxial d) include the elbow and interphalangeal joints e) include the articular processes of vertebrae, the intercarpal and intertarsal joints

e) include the artciular processes of vertebrae, the intercarpal and intertarsal joints

During dorsiflexion, __________. a) the proximal radioulnar joint is turned medially b) the sole is turned medially c) the sole is turned laterally d) the toes are pointed downward (foot is depressed) e) the foot is lifted so its superior surface approaches the shin

e) the foot is lifted so its superior surface approaches the shin