Exam 2

True or False A stressor that causes stress but may also provide opportunities for growth is a hindrance stressor.

False

Which group would be the most effective from a performance standpoint? A group with low task commitment and low group cohesion. A group with high group cohesion and low task commitment. A group with high task commitment and low group cohesion. A group with high group cohesion and high task commitment.

A group with high group cohesion and high task commitment.

Which statement regarding SMART goals is correct? Easy goals are the most effective goals. Adding a time limit to a goal leads to disregard for long-term consequences When goals are specific, stress is higher. Effective goals tend to be aggressive.

Effective goals tend to be aggressive.

Which of the following theories of work motivation has had the most consistent support: Expectancy Theory Equity Theory Job0Characteristic Theory Goal-Setting Theory

Goal-Setting Theory

Which statement correctly describes the forming stage of group development? Leadership does not matter at this stage. Group members are trying to learn about one another. Group members are cohesive and cooperative. Group members attempt to clarify what needs to be done/who needs to do it.

Group members are trying to learn about one another.

Which need-based theory has received the greatest amount of research support? Herzberg's two-factor theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs Alderfer's ERG theory McClelland's acquired needs theory

McClelland's acquired needs theory

What is designated as a psychological state in Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? Motivation Creativity Meaningfulness Engagement

Meaningfulness

According to acquired needs theory, individuals with a high need for affiliation: want to influence others. have a strong need to be successful. desire to make an impact on the organization. None of the above.

None of the above.

What is considered an outcome in Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? Task Significance Satisfaction Feedback Task Variety

Satisfaction

An individual with Type B personality is less prone to: optimism. job satisfaction. calm decision-making. stress.

Stress

In which situation would a team be most clearly needed? Tasks to be performed are independent of one another. The organization benefits from shared goals. Few, specialized skills are required. Goals are low in complexity.

The organization benefits from shared goals.

True or FAlse The degree to which a person is dedicated to reaching the goal is called their goal commitment.

True

True or False The acronym, SMART, stands for specific, measurable, aggressive, realistic, and time-bound when discussing goal setting.

True

Stress is related to which work outcome? higher turnover worse job attitudes decreased performance all of the these options

all of the these options

Individuals who perceive severe inequity often strive to "balance the scales" by performing which action? stealing from the company arriving at work late quitting all of these options

all of these options

What is an effective individual approach to managing stress? eating energizing foods such as fish, nuts, and seeds increasing the amount of sleep you get engaging in regular moderate exercise all of these options

all of these options

What is a recognized benefit of team diversity? better and more creative solutions increased groupthink decreased conflict faster decision-making

better and more creative solutions

To influence instrumentality, managers can: ensure that the environment facilitates performance. give employees choice over rewards. consistently reward high performers. encourage people to believe their effort makes a difference.

consistently reward high performers.

360-degree feedback is: designed to provide feedback for promotion or pay decisions. designed to provide feedback for developmental purposes. used where competition between coworkers is prevalent. the most frequently used form of performance appraisal in U.S. firms.

designed to provide feedback for developmental purposes.

The Challenger disaster endured by NASA has been argued to have been caused by: social loafing cohesion collective efficacy groupthink

groupthink

A position high in autonomy allows an employee to: utilize multiple high-level skills. substantially impact other people's health, work, or well-being. complete an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. have freedom to decide how to perform their tasks.

have freedom to decide how to perform their tasks.

What occurs with negative reinforcement? decreases the desired behavior decreases the frequency of negative behavior increases the desired behavior reduces the frequency of undesired behavior

increases the desired behavior

What is the best example of intrinsic motivation? earning a good salary receiving a positive performance review enrolling in a class that your boss suggested mentoring someone at work because you enjoy it

mentoring someone at work because you enjoy it

Performance is a function of the interaction between: motivation, ability, and environment. training and ability. personality and environment. intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

motivation, ability, and environment.

Which stage in Tuckman's model is characterized by the establishment of ground rules by group participants? forming storming norming performing

norming

According to the job-demands-resources (JD-R) model, job stress can be best managed by: reducing job demands. decreasing resources available. increasing mindfulness. ignoring it.

reducing job demands.

Norms refer to: agreements on written ground rules, goals, and roles. shared expectations about how things operate within a group or team. formal approaches to decision making in the group or team. measures of camaraderie in the group or team.

shared expectations about how things operate within a group or team.

In expectancy theory, valence is: perception that high levels of effort lead to outcomes of interest. perception that performance is related to subsequent outcomes. the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome. the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness, and dignity.

the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome.

Stress is: the body's response to an environmental demand. a mental reaction but not a physical one. experienced in the same way by everyone. always a negative force in home or work life.

the body's response to an environmental demand.

The ideal composition of a team should be first determined based on: team member demographics. the nature of the team's goals. the size of the organization. all of the above.

the nature of the team's goals.

Role ambiguity refers to: vagueness in relation to job responsibilities. insufficient time and resources to complete a job. contradictory demands at work. processing demands that exceed the supply of time for such processing.

vagueness in relation to job responsibilities.

The job demand-job control model proposes that stress occurs when: work places a lot of demands on someone with little control. employees demand control over every aspect of their jobs. work demands increase in alignment with job control. job control is high, but work demands are low.

work places a lot of demands on someone with little control.